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Installing and Working With Apache Web Server

The document provides instructions for installing, starting, stopping, and restarting the Apache web server on Ubuntu Linux. It explains how to use the command line to start (/etc/init.d/apache2 start), stop (/etc/init.d/apache2 stop), and restart (/etc/init.d/apache2 restart) the Apache server. It also describes how to change the default localhost folder, configure different Apache sites, and enable the use of .htaccess files.

Uploaded by

Dirga Brajamusti
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
154 views

Installing and Working With Apache Web Server

The document provides instructions for installing, starting, stopping, and restarting the Apache web server on Ubuntu Linux. It explains how to use the command line to start (/etc/init.d/apache2 start), stop (/etc/init.d/apache2 stop), and restart (/etc/init.d/apache2 restart) the Apache server. It also describes how to change the default localhost folder, configure different Apache sites, and enable the use of .htaccess files.

Uploaded by

Dirga Brajamusti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Installing Apache

Getting apache onto your Ubuntu machine is easy. Using either the Synaptic

Package Manager, Ubuntu Software Center, search and install the

“apache2” module. Alternatively, you can open a terminal and type the

following command:

sudo apt-get install apache2

Once the installation finished, open a browser and go to the URL

“http://localhost“. If you see the word “It Works!“, then your installation of

apache is successful.

Ubuntu Linux Start / Restart / Stop Apache Web


Server

How do I start, restart or stop Apache 2 web server under Ubuntu Linux
operating systems?

1
/etc/init.d/apache2 is service script used to start / stop / restart the Apache2
service under Debian or Ubuntu Linux. You need to login as root or use sudo
command restart Apache.

Task: Start Apache 2 Server

# /etc/init.d/apache2 start
or

$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start

Task: Restart Apache 2 Server

# /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
or

$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Task: Stop Apache 2 Server

# /etc/init.d/apache2 stop
or

$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop

Configuring Apache
Start, Stop and Restart Apache

After you have installed Apache, it will be added to the init.d list and will auto

start whenever you boot up your computer. The following commands allow
you to start, restart, stop Apache.

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start #start apache


sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop #stop apache
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart #restart apache

2
To prevent Apache from autostart when booting up:

sudo update-rc.d -f apache2 remove

To restore Apache back to the autostart list:


sudo update-rc.d apache2 defaults

Note: the above commands will work in debian-based distro (including

Ubuntu) only.

Changing the default localhost folder

By default, apache will operate on the “/var/www” folder. This means that

whatever files you place in this /var/www folder will be visible from the URL

http://localhost. In some instances, you may want the “localhost” to point to

another folder instead, say /home/user/public_html. Here is how you do it:

First, make sure the /home/damien/public_html folder exists. Create a

simple html file, name it index.html and place it in the public_html folder.

Open a terminal and type:

gksu gedit /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default

Change DocumentRoot /var/www to DocumentRoot

/home/user/public_html.

Change <Directory /var/www/> to <Directory

/home/user/public_html/>.

3
Save and exit the file.

Restart the apache

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Now, in your browser, reload the URL http://localhost. You should see the

html file that you have placed in the public_html folder.

Configuring different sites

4
The above trick allows you to change the default operating folder of apache,

however, some of you might not want to override the default settings. An

alternative is to create multiple sites and point apache to the active site.

Create a new settings file for your new site.

sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/default
/etc/apache2/sites-available/site1

Next, edit this settings file.

gksu gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/site1

Change DocumentRoot /var/www to DocumentRoot


/home/user/public_html.

Change <Directory /var/www/> to <Directory

/home/user/public_html/>.

Save and exit the file.

Disable the default setting and make active the site1 settings

sudo a2dissite default && sudo a2ensite site1

Lastly, restart the apache.

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

With this trick, you can create multiple site configuration file, each pointing to

a different folder. You can then easily switch between the sites with

thea2dissite and a2ensite command

Enabling .htaccess file

.htaccess file is a powerful file that can be used to control and customize a

site server behavior without editing the core Apache module. By default, the
.htaccess functionality is turned off and all instances of .htaccess files are

5
completely ignored. The server will not even attempt to read .htaccess files in

the filesystem.

To enable .htaccess file, open up the settings file that you have created

earlier:

gksu gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/site1

Scroll down the file until you see the part “<Directory
/home/user/public_html/>“. Underneath that line of code,

changeAllowOverride None to AllowOverride All.

Save and exit the file.

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