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She Said (That) Everest Is About 29,000 Feet High

The document discusses the transformations that occur when changing direct speech to reported or indirect speech in English. It covers: 1) Verb tense changes, such as simple present becoming past simple. 2) Pronoun changes, such as first person pronouns becoming third person. 3) Other changes like demonstratives, adverbs of time and place. 4) Types of clauses - statements, questions, and differences between yes/no and WH- questions. 5) Formal ways to report questions indirectly using phrases like "Can you tell me..." instead of direct questions.

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Cristina Butragueño Gigorro
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73 views

She Said (That) Everest Is About 29,000 Feet High

The document discusses the transformations that occur when changing direct speech to reported or indirect speech in English. It covers: 1) Verb tense changes, such as simple present becoming past simple. 2) Pronoun changes, such as first person pronouns becoming third person. 3) Other changes like demonstratives, adverbs of time and place. 4) Types of clauses - statements, questions, and differences between yes/no and WH- questions. 5) Formal ways to report questions indirectly using phrases like "Can you tell me..." instead of direct questions.

Uploaded by

Cristina Butragueño Gigorro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REPORTED SPEECH

1. Transformaciones del estilo indirecto


a) Del verbo
Debemos prestar atención al tiempo del verbo introductor, salvo en aquellos casos en
los que lo dicho continúa siendo verdad:
“Everest is about 29,000 feet high”, she said
She said (that) Everest is about 29,000 feet high
O se dice algo imaginario:
“If I committed a crime, i wouldn`t talk about it online”, he said.
He said that if he committed a crime, he wouldn`t talk about it online.
En el resto de los casos se producen los siguientes cambios verbales en la forma
indirecta:

Direct speech Reported speech


Present Simple Past Simple
“She studies English”, Joan said. Joan said (that) she studied
English.

Past Simple Past Perfect Simple


“She studied English”, Joan said. Joan said (that) she had studied
English.

Future Simple (Will) Would (Condicional)


“She will study English”, Joan said. Joan said (that) she would study
English.
Can Could
“She can study English”, Joan said. Joan said (that) she could study
English.
b) De los pronombres personales y los posesivos
Generalmente éstos cambian de 1ª a 3ª persona, excepto cuando el que habla se refiere a
lo que él mismo ha dicho.

I ..................................... he/she
We ..................................... they
My ..................................... his/her
Our ..................................... their
Mine ..................................... his/hers
Ours ..................................... theirs

Ej: He said, “I want a piece of cake” He said (that) he wanted a piece of cake
They said, “ Our car is in the garage” They said (that) their car was ...

En el caso de la segunda persona, you, your, yours, todo depende de a quién se refiere la
oración entre comillas.

Ej: He said, “You are clever” He said (that) you were clever
He said (that) they were clever
He said (that) he/she was clever
He said (that) I was clever, etc...
c) De los demostrativos
This that
These those

Ej: She said “I’ll buy these” She said she would buy those

d) De los adverbios o expresiones adverbiales de tiempo y lugar. Los cambios más


frecuentes son:
DIRECT INDIRECT
now then, at that moment
today that day
yesterday the day before, the previous day
tomorrow the next day, the day after
next week/month... the following week/month
last week/month... the previous week/month
the week/month before
Ej: Tom said: “I will help you tomorrow” Tom said (that) he would help me the
following day
He said: “I’ve left my glasses here” He said he had left his glasses there

2. ORACIONES ENUNCIATIVAS (afirmativas y negativas)

** Diferencia entre SAY y TELL: Tell aparece en estilo indirecto cuando en la oración
introductora se menciona la persona a la que se dirige el mensaje.
Ej: He said: “I can help you” He said (that) he could
help me.
He said to me: “I can help you” He told me (that) he could
help me.
Cuando después de SAY se menciona a la persona a la que nos dirigimos, ésta va
precedida de TO (He said to me). TELL, sin embargo, no lleva ninguna preposición
(He told me).
3. ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS

Observa: She asked: “Where are my fans?”


V. S.
She asked where her fans were.
S. V.

a) Nunca se utiliza THAT.


b) Se cambia el orden del sujeto y el verbo al transformar una pregunta directa en
indirecta. Y además, desaparece el signo de interrogación.
c) Se realizan las mismas transformaciones de tiempos verbales, pronombres, adjetivos
posesivos, etc... que en las oraciones enunciativas.
Yes/No questions
d) Hay dos tipos de oraciones interrogativas
WH-word questions

3.1 Yes/No questions

El nexo entre la oración introductora y la indirecta es IF o WHETHER (esta forma tiende a


usarse donde hay alternativas, por ejemplo: She asked whether I preferred to travel by
car or by bus).

Ej: She wanted to know: “Did you lock the car last night?”
She wanted to know if I had locked the car the night before.

3.2. WH-word questions

La partícula interrogativa de la oración directa se repite en la interrogativa indirecta.


Ej: She asked me: “Where did you park the car last night?
She asked me where I had parked the car the previous night.

Cuando preguntamos por el sujeto, no hay cambio de orden de las palabras.


Ej: “Who is taking the car to the garage?”, he asked.
He asked who was taking the car to the garage.
4. Preguntas Indirectas

Las usamos en casos más formales:


- Usamos frases hechas para introducir la pregunta de manera indirecta.
- En preguntas con WH-words se elimina el auxiliar y se utiliza el orden de las oraciones
enunciativas (sujeto delante del verbo).
- Con preguntas indirectas de Yes/No usamos if.

Direct question wh-word Indirect question


Can/Could you tell me…
What time does the train what time the the train
leave? Can/Could I ask you… leaves?
I was wondering… what time the train leaves.
Direct Yes/No question Indirect question
Can/Could you tell me if…
Do you know this man? you know this man?
Can/Could I ask you if…
I was wondering if … you know this man.

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