 LESSON 1: THE BASICS OF HANGUL

 Learn Hangul - 한글

"h" sound. If it is at the beginning of a word, it will sound like an "h". There will be more on this one
ㅎ in Lesson 2.

This is a vowel, and it is an "a" sound, as in father. This vowel will always be placed to the right of
ㅏ the first consonant. It does not fall below the consonant.

ㄴ sounds like an "n". It only has one irregular form, which is in Lesson 2.

This is a light "g" or "k" sound. Don't emphasize the character.

ㄱ Especially at the end of a word, this character is very light. At the end of a word, it is almost as if
you don't say the character.

ㅡ sounds like the "oo" part in "good"

It
"l"issound,
like a short 'u', said
or a rolling "r"insound,
the back of mouth.
depending on where it is.
ㄹ This vowel will always be placed below thelikely
first consonant.
If it falls between two vowels, it will most be a rollingIt"r"
does not fall
sound. If itto
is the right
at the endofofthe
a
consonant
syllable, it will usually be a light "l" sound. It does not come at the beginning of a syllable of any
Korean word, but will be used at the beginning for borrowed words, like loanwords.

 Practice:
하=
나=
근=
가=

낙=

 Learn Hangul – Common Characters

ㅂ This is a common character. It will have a light "b" or "p" sound. 바 pa 밥 bap. 반 ban. At the end of a
word, it will have a very light, almost unheard sound.
ㅁ This is a very easy character. It sounds just like an "m" sound. As simple as that. What do you think 마
would sound like? If you said ma, that's right!

It has two sounds. One sound, is no sound! It makes no sound at all when it is the first consonant in the
ㅇ syllable.
When it falls at the end of a syllable, it sounds like a light "ng" sound in "running". It is that ng sound in
the back of your throat, but do not emphasis the "g" part of it. So the two sounds? No sound at the
beginning of a syllable, "ng" sound at the end

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 This is an "o" sound. Shape your mouth as if you were to say the 'o' in 'go'. Now make a sound like aw, as
in awe, pawl, bawl, and law.
ㅓ
This vowel will always be placed to the right of the first consonant, never underneath.

ㅗ This is another "o" sound. ㅗ is like the 'o' in go, row, bow, and low. This vowel will always appear
underneath the first consonant, never to the right of it.
The "ou" part in you. Simple as that. "oo" in boot. This vowel always falls below the first consonant,
never to the right.
ㅜ *Notice a pattern with placement of vowels? One vowel consisting of a horizontal line will be placed
underneath the consonant, while vowels consisting of a vertical line will be placed to the right. Go back
and check!*

ㅣ It is the "ee" sound in meet. An example using it would be 미. That sounds just like saying "me" in
English. This vowel is placed to the right of the first consonant, never underneath.
This vowel sounds like “ea” in bear. The vowels are all easy if you just memorize them, and do not ever
ㅐ sound irregular (When could they?!?). This vowel always appears to the right of the first consonant, never
underneath.

ㅔ This one is pretty similar to the one above. It sounds like the e in yes. The e in met. This vowel always
appears to the right of the first consonant, never underneath.

 Practice:
남= 안=

만= 방=

밥= 응=

반= 남안 =

번= 만방 =

몬=

 Learn Hangul – More on Vowels

You will see vowels like ㅠ, ㅑ,ㅛ,ㅕ,ㅖ ,ㅒ etc. Notice how instead of one short line, there are two? This means
that before the vowel sound, there is a y like sound. I will give two examples.
ㅠ This sounds like saying "you" in English.

ㅑ This sounds like saying Ya in English. All the teenagers should know it from the song Hey Ya! by
Outkast. It played all the time.

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All other vowels follow the same pattern. Next, you will see vowels combined to form a new vowel sound, such
as ㅘ, ㅝ, ㅢ, ㅟ. You just run the vowels together into one sound. The vowel on the left (long horizontal line)
comes first. Here are a couple examples.

ㅘ This sounds like wa in water.

ㅟ This sounds just like the French oui. It is more or less like wee.

ㅢ I have chosen to include this one for a special reason. It works just like the others, except if it comes
after a consonant, you only hear ㅣand not the other part. It is just how it sounds when spoken. At
the beginning of a syllable, you do run the two together however.

Speaking of mixing these with consonants. Let's just take a look at a couple and it will explain itself on
how to write them.

봐=

과=

의=

원=

줘=

The first consonant is written in the top left. Any consonant that comes after the vowel sound comes at the
bottom.

You are now a master at vowels. You also know a few of the consonants in Korean as well. Let's finish up
the rest of the consonants.

 Learn Hangul – More Consonants

This is a consonant that sounds like an s in English. It is a very light s and isn't stressed or
anything. Also, before the Korean vowel ㅣ, like 시, it is usually pronounced like an sh, or for
ㅅ this example, shee. At the end of a word or before a syllable that begins with a vowel or
consonant other than ㅅ, it ends with a light d sound. You will find many consonants sound
like a light d sound if they are at the end of a word.

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 Speaking of light d sounds, here it is. This is a light d or t sound. 맏 sounds like mat, with a
ㄷ very light t sound at the end. So does 맛 however. See what I mean by ㅅ sounding like a light
d sound at the end? 맛 is not mas. It is mat.
This is a light j sound in between vowels. At the beginning of the word, it is often heard as a
ㅈ
"ch" sound instead. At the end of a word, it sounds just like an ㅅ and a ㄷ.

Are you excited? There are only four more consonants left, and you know Hangul! But first, let's make
sure we know what we have covered so far. We have covered A LOT! Better put, we have covered
ㅂ,ㅈ,ㄷ,ㄱ,ㅅ,ㅛ,ㅕ,ㅑ,ㅐ,ㅔ,ㅁ,ㄴ,ㅇ,ㄹ,ㅎ,ㅗ,ㅓ,ㅏ,ㅣ,ㅠ,ㅜ,ㅡ. That is actually in order of the
keyboard. ^-^

한= 나무 =

줘요 = 어디 =

자다 = 먹어요 =

식당 = 어디 가? =

밥을 = 하나 =

네= 공원 =

불고기 = 안녕하세요! =

Also, let's try one of these on for size. Most likely you won't understand it, but you can try and pronounce
it!

한국말을 알아요? 한국말을 사랑해! =

 Learn Hangul - Aspirated Consonants

Here are the final four! These four are aspirated sounds. If you don't know what that means, they basically are
said with more of a puff of air. Also, try to see if you can catch something in common with all of these in
relationship to their similar consonant sounds.
This is like kha. It is similar to the ㄱ sound, except is said with more air. More towards a K
ㅋ
sound.
ㅌ This is a t sound, much like ㄷ, except said with more air to it!

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 This is a cha sound. Always. It is similar to the ㅈ sound, except said with more air to it.
ㅊ Always a cha sound, never a j sound ( ㅈ sounds like a j between vowels,ㅊ sounds like a cha
between vowels.)
This is the last consonant, and last character you will learn in Hangul! It has an airy P sound
ㅍ
to it. Similar to ㅂ but with more air.

Did you catch what is in common in them all? They all look very similar to the other consonants that
sound similar! The only thing is, each contains an extra little line somewhere. The only one that doesn't fit
perfectly with this is ㅍand ㅂ. Look at them and compare them.

ㅊ-ㅈ ㅋ-ㄱ

ㅌ-ㄷ ㅍ-ㅂ

If you are lucky enough to own Rosetta Stone Korean Level 1 then you will easily be able to hear the
differences between the similar characters. It is often difficult at first but eventually you will be able to
hear the subtle differences.

 Learn Hangul - List Of Characters

Here is a list of all the characters. Vowels are written first, followed by consonants.

ㅏ= ㅐ= ㅘ= ㅈ= ㄹ=

ㅓ= ㅑ= ㅝ= ㄷ= ㅎ=

ㅗ= ㅕ= ㅞ= ㄱ= ㅋ=

ㅜ= ㅛ= ㅙ= ㅅ= ㅌ=

ㅡ= ㅠ= ㅢ= ㅁ= ㅊ=

ㅣ= ㅖ= ㅟ= ㄴ= ㅍ=

ㅔ= ㅒ= ㅂ= ㅇ=

One more note, you will see some consonants doubled up. You can consider these seperate characters if
you wish, or just think of them as being stronger with more voice to them. These are ㅃ,ㅉ,ㄸ,ㄲ,ㅆ.

Let's practice one more time.

어디 있어요? =

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거기 있어요! =

뭐 먹어요? =

밥을 먹어요. =

한국말을 재미 있어요? =

네! 한국말을 참 재미 있어요! =

슬퍼요 :( =

배가 고파요. =

 LESSON 2: THE HANGUL IRREGULARITIES

 The first irregular pattern has already the end of a word. If it occurs before a vowel, it
been mentioned in Lesson One. will sound like an s.

ㄱ, ㅂ, ㄷ ㅃㅍ

These three characters are your three main basic These will sound like ㅂ. See a pattern? ㅂ, ㅃ,
consonants. At the end of a word or before a
consonant, many other characters will be and ㅍ are all made by closing your lips. Notice
simplified to sound just like these. Here is what I the pattern in the two sets above? One includes
mean: characters that are made in the back of the
throat, while the other includes characters that
are made with the tongue behind the teeth on the
ㅋ, ㄲ roof of the mouth. If you remember this pattern,
you should not forget which characters end with
both of these characters will sound like ㄱ a ㄱ, ㅂ, or ㄷ sound. Now, how about
before another consonant or at the end of a word. some real examples.
But for this example, that isn't so much of a
difference. How about this one though?
맛 mat

ㅈ, ㅅ, ㅆ,ㅉ, ㅊ 맛은 mas-un
앞 ap
Now, all of these will sound like ㄷ before 앞에 ap-e (with more air on the p)
another consonant or at the end of a word. That 꽃 Goht
makes more of a difference. Even though ㅅ
꽃이 Gohch-ee
gives an s sound normally, it will sound like a d
or t if it occurs before another consonant or at

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Keep in mind, if a syllable begins with the ㄴ. ㄴ is also made with the tongue in a similar
Hangul character ㅇ following these rules, we position. here are some examples.
treat it as if the syllable begins with a vowel
(since it is unheard). So, a better way to put it 합니다 - This is pronounced hamnida, as
would be if the character comes before another
consonant sound or at the end of a word, then it opposed to hapnida.
will be reduced to one of the three basic 학년 - this is pronounced hang-nyon, as opposed
consonants. This is the first irregular to keep in to hak-nyon
mind. After the second irregularity, there will be
먹네 - This is pronounced mong-ne, as opposed
some time to practice a little bit before
continuing. to mok-ne
있는 - This is pronounced ee-nun, as opposed to
 The second Irregularity eet-nun (notice the t at the end? That would be
the case following irregularity rule number one,
The second irregularity involves changing the but because it comes before ㄴ, it sounds like an
sound of a few characters if it comes before
certain other characters. The main thing to watch ㄴ).
for is the second character. There are two of
them and they are both consonants. They are These two rules are the main two irregularities
you will run into. Most other irregularities are
much smaller, and not as common. They tend to
ㅁ, ㄴ be specific to a single character, and not a group
of characters.
These two characters are known as nasal sounds. The next irregularity deals with the character
Basically, the reason for this irregularity is it
makes the words flow better. If ㄱ, ㄲ, ㅋ any of
ㄹ This character has a few irregular forms that
the "throat" sounds occur before one of these
you will see. I personally believe if you know
two consonants, it will change to an "ng" sound,
irregular forms above this, you will be able to
as if it was the consonant ㅇ. Notice why it pronounce most anything reasonably well.
changes to that? That is a throat sound as well,
and let's the word flow better. In writing it will
If ㄹ is between vowel sounds, it will sound like
keep the original spelling, but when spoken it
will reflect the change. a rolling "r" like in spanish or japanese. If this
makes it difficult for you like that, just think of it
sounding like a quick d or t sound. It is not the
ㅂ, ㅃ, ㅍ any of the sounds made by closing long rolling "r" sound you hear in spanish, just a
your lips will change to the ㅁ sound before short one click of the tongue.
either of these two consonants. Notice how
At the end of a syllable before a consonant (
saying 함니다 flows a lot better than saying
excluding ㅇ then it will usually sound like a
합니다? It just flows better, as with the above light "l" sound. Both of these were mentioned in
case. ㅁ is also made by closing the lips. the previous lesson.

The last cases are all the sounds made by placing Irregularities deal with when is falls next to
the tip of the tongue on the roof of the mouth. certain characters. It will only begin a word if it
is a loanword, in which case it will sound like
ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅉ, ㅊ, ㄷ, ㄸget the picture? These the loanword. But it sometimes (rarely) will be
will change to the ㄴ sound before an ㅁ or an the first consonant after another syllable ending
in a consonant, such as 정로. When this is the

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case, it will sound like ㄴ. 정로 is pronounced pronounced as if it were ㅊ, meaning with a "ch"
chongno. sound. 같이 is pronounced ga-chee, not gat-ee.

The second irregularity is if it is at the

end/beginning of a syllable, and the other ㅎ This is the final irregular form you will learn.
consonant it lies next to (end/beginning, Whenever this falls next to (end/beginning
whichever the ㄹ is not) is a ㄹ or an ㄴ. If it is syllable combination) a sound such as ㄱ, ㄷ,
an ㄹ, then it will be an "l" sound, like usual. ㅈ, or ㅂ, you will usually not hear the ㅎ sound
But, if it is next to an ㄴ, as in 일년, it and the ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅈ, or ㅂ sound will sound more
will still make an "l" sound. 일년 is pronounced like ㅋ,ㅌ,ㅊ,or ㅍ with more air. Some words
eel-lyon, not eel-nyon. Try saying it both ways, in this situation are 놓다, 좋다, 괜찮다.
you will see that eel-lyon flows a lot better.

ㅌ This character has one irregular form. It is

simple as well. If ㅌ comes before 이, it is

 LESSON 3: THE BASIC OF KOREAN VERBS

Korean verbs are extremely important. Verbs in to an older person or teacher will be slightly
Korean sentences are the most important part of different than "to be" when speaking to your best
the sentence. In fact, it is the only part you need friend. Most Korean verbs have the same root,
for the sentence to be complete. Korean, unlike regardless of who you are talking to, but you
English, does not mention the subject of the will change the ending of the verb depending on
sentence if it can be assumed from context. For who you are speaking with.
example, in English, one might ask "Are you
hungry?" 먹다 is the dictionary form of the verb "to eat."

In Korean, if someone could just ask "Hungry?" The dictionary form consists of the verb root, 먹
and people knew who they were referring to, in this example, and the 다 ending. Go ahead,
then it is perfectly fine to leave off the "you." look up a few of your favorite verbs here or even
You may hear this in English as well, but it is better, grab yourself a copy of Declan's Korean
not considered grammatically correct. Flashcards (contains over 3600 words with
It is considered grammatically correct in audio, arranged in vocabulary sets) to start
Korean! building a strong foundation of Korean verbs.
You will see all forms they list end in 다. If you
So, to sum up that paragraph, the verb is
the only needed part in a Korean sentence. remove the 다 ending, you will be left with the
Everything else is extra.
verb root. The verb root of 먹다 is 먹. The verb
Now I know you are eager to start learning verbs root by itself has no meaning. You must remove
and looking them up in the dictionaries, but we the 다 ending and replace it with a different
must cover one important piece of grammar first. ending depending on what you want to say and
Korean verbs can take many different forms, who you want to say it to.
depending on who you are talking to. Korean
still has social status literally integrated into the
language itself. The verb "to be" when speaking

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In my mind, I see three different, very distinct Let's look at a couple. 있다 means "to have." 있
endings for speaking and
writing. Formal , Polite , and Casual . is the verb root. The last vowel in 있 is ㅣ. Since
this is not ㅗ or ㅏ then we know to choose the
Formal Ending ㅂ니다 / 습니다 어요/어 endings depending on whether we will
Polite Ending 어요 / 아요 need to be polite or if it is casual speech.

Casual Ending 어/아 없다 (~업다) has a verb root of 없. The final

vowel in this root is ㅓ, so we need to choose the

For now, we will focus on the two most 어요/어 endings.

common styles of verbs you will use, polite and
casual. As you can see above, there are also two If you look at 좋다, this has a verb root of 좋
different endings for both polite and casual
speech. The way you decide which ending to with a final vowel of ㅗ. So, since that is ㅗ or
choose is based on the verb root. If the last ㅏ, it must take the 아요/아 ending. Understand
vowel in the verb root is ㅗ or ㅏ then you the general pattern?
choose the 아요 (polite) or 아 (casual) ending. If
the last vowel in the verb root is anything other Verb Dictionary Polite Casual Formal
English
Root Form Ending Ending Ending
than ㅗ or ㅏ, then you choose the 어요 (polite)
To
or 어 (casual) ending. Look at the following Have 있 있다 있어요 있어 있습니다
chart of commonly used verbs and compare the To Be
verb root to the ending to get a better Good 좋 좋다 좋아요 좋아 좋습니다
understanding of this. I will refer to the Formal
ending section next. To Go 가 가다 가요 가 갑니다
To Not
Have 없 없다 없어요 없어 없습니다
Let's look at a couple. 있다 means "to have." 있
To Do 하 하다 해요 해 합니다
is the verb root. The last vowel in 있 is ㅣ. Since
this is not ㅗ or ㅏ then we know to choose the
어요/어 endings depending on whether we will Verb Dictionary Polite Casual
English
need to be polite or if it is casual speech. Root Form Ending Ending
To Drink 마시 마시다 마셔요 마셔
없다 (~업다) has a verb root of 없. The final
vowel in this root is ㅓ, so we need to choose the To Meet 만나 만나다 만나요 만나

어요/어 endings. To Come 오 오다 와요 와

To Be
If you look at 좋다, this has a verb root of 좋 Busy 바쁘 바쁘다 바빠요 바빠

with a final vowel of ㅗ. So, since that is ㅗ or To Not

Know 모르 모르다 몰라요 몰라
ㅏ, it must take the 아요/아 ending. Understand
the general pattern? To Be Hot 덥 덥다 더워요 더워

9
The first one is "To Drink" or 마시다. If we Next, we have 바쁘다. The verb root is 바쁘.
remove the dictionary 다 ending, we are left Following normal verb patterns we would figure
the polite form would be 바쁘아요. Try and say
with 마시. Following normal patterns for the
that. Now, try and say 바빠요. That is the
polite form, we would have 마시어요. To make
it easier and sound better, the real polite form is correct way. When a verb root ends in ㅡ, we
마셔요. Any verb root that ends in ㅣ will drop the ㅡ, look at the last vowel in the root
naturally take the 어요/어 endings, and we that is left (not including the ㅡ) and add the
shorten ㅣ+ 어 to ㅕ. Other verb examples that appropriate ending. For this example, the last
vowel would be ㅏ. So, when we drop the ㅡ
take this pattern are 가르치다 - 가르쳐요,
and add the 아요 ending, we get 바빠요. Other
기다리다 - 기다려요, 치다 - 쳐요.
verb examples that follow this pattern are
나쁘다 - 나빠요, 예쁘다 - 예뻐요,쓰다 -
Next we meet 만나다 (get it?). This one should
써요.
be easy. We already went over it with 가다.
Since the verb root ends in 아, we shorten
The next verb is 모르다. The verb root is 모르.
만나아요 to 만나요. Also, keep in mind this
You might be thinking, that ends in ㅡ so
pattern works with verb roots that end in ㅓ as wouldn't it follow the above irregular pattern,
well. and become 모라요? Indeed, it would, except
Koreans have decided if a verb root ends in 르
If it ends in ㅓ it would naturally take the 어요
ending. This would be a double vowel sound so (not just ㅡ), then we will double up the ㄹ by
we just shorten it the same way. Other verb adding a second ㄹ to the end of the syllable
examples that take this pattern are 가다 - 가요, before the 르. And then we drop the ㅡ. 몰라요.
사다 - 사요, 서다 - 서요. We added a ㄹ to 모 and got 몰. We dropped the
ㅡ and got 라요. Together, we have 몰라요.
Next, we come to 오다 (ok, I will really stop
Other verb examples using this pattern are
now, I promise!). The verb root is 오. This 자르다 - 잘라요, 부르다 - 불러요, 빠르다 -
would naturally take the 아요 ending, making 빨라요.
오아요. Wouldn't it be much easier to combine
the ㅗ and the ㅏ into ㅘ? It sure sounds better The final verb in the verb chart above is 덥다.
and smoother. That is exactly what we do. You should definitely be good with verb roots
Whenever a verb root ends in ㅗ, it will by now and instantly know it is 덥. Now, with
naturally take the 아요 ending and because all of this irregular pattern, you must remember two
you will know this lesson, you will naturally things. Often, when a verb root ends in ㅂ, you
combine the ㅗ and the 아요 to 와요. Other verb should drop the ㅂ and add 우. After that, you
examples that take this pattern are 갔다오다 - move to the second step. If it ends in 우, when
갔다와요, 나오다 - 나와요. we pick a style such as polite style, it should
naturally take the 어요 ending. This is another
pattern where we combine two characters to

10
make it smoother. 우 and ㅓ combine into 워. shortly to do some memorization). But do we
know what we are saying when we say 먹어요
We get 더워요 in the end. Other verb examples
to someone? Well, it depends :). You could be
that follow this pattern are 어렵다 - 어려워요, saying "I'm eating." Or, you could be saying
즐겁다 - 즐거워요. "you're eating". You could be saying "eat." If
someone said "What do you want to do?" You
Now you should know the verb patterns you will could reply 먹어요. In Korean you can use the
run into. You can take a verb out of a dictionary verbs in a much more general manner than in
such as Declan's Korean Dictionary, find the English. Later we will see how to add words
root, and put it in either casual language or polite such as "I" or "You" if necessary to clear up the
language. But you may still be wondering what meaning of a sentence.
exactly that means! Is polite language simply the
same thing as if you were to be polite in Another example could be 좋다. This means To
English?
Be Good. If someone asks you how is
Similar, yes...but not the same. If you want to something, you can say 좋아요! Like, "Are my
think of it as the same, then you should just new shoes ok? Do you like them? How are
remember to be polite to everyone in Korea or they?" "좋아요!". Or, if you are having a casual
when speaking Korean. Here is the thing, since
conversation about something with your friend,
Korean is still a language with social status still
and they say something and in English you
built into the actual language, you must be
would just give the reply "Good!" or something,
polite with your speech or you will be
considered very rude. You should use the polite you can just say 좋아!(remember, it's a
style with anyone older than you, above you, conversation with your friend).
new to you. A teacher, a parent, a stranger,
pretty much everyone except your closest This whole concept about the verbs being so
friends! You may use casual language when general is hard to learn at first. Just try your
speaking to someone younger than yourself, best! Casual verbs can have even more meanings
your close friends, and your brothers and sisters. than other forms! If you say 가 you could be
Any other time would be considered rude. So,
based on this, choose which to use wisely. If you saying I'm going, you're going, someone's going,
are talking to an adult and they are using casual let's go, are we going?, etc. A lot of Korean is
verbs, that is because you are younger. This about what can be assumed. If it can be
does not mean you should use the same verbs assumed, there is no need to say it in the
when speaking to them. You should be polite. language. One of the most recommended Korean
This means that each of you will add different language products, Rosetta Stone Korean Level
endings to the verbs. 1, makes learning this part a breeze. This wraps
up the intro to Korean verbs! It's time for you to
memorize a few, and to go back and make sure
Now that you can take a verb from the
you know the patterns covered on this page.
dictionary, find the root, make it into a casual or
There will definitely be more to come on verbs
polite verb, and actually know whether it should
later.
be a casual or polite verb, you are ready to
actually use some.

Remember how in Korean verbs can be used all

alone and the sentence will be grammatically
correct? Let's see some examples. If we were to
say 먹어요, what exactly are we saying? We
know it is a polite way, and it means "to eat"
(don't worry if you haven't memorized the verbs
yet. You will be sent to the homework page

11
  Homework To Get
일어나다 일어나요 Up
 Lesson Three
자다 자요 To Sleep
Memorize these common verb patterns
보다 봐요 To See
Normal ㅗ
Takes 아요/아 좋다,받다, 닫다 좋다 좋아요
To Be
or ㅏ Good
Normal not
Takes 어요/어 먹다, 입다, 신다  Lesson Four
ㅗ or ㅏ

Combine to 마셔요, 어쳐요, Memorize The 이다 Verb in the present tense

Ends in ㅣ
~ㅕ요/~ㅕ 가르쳐요 for both polite and casual styles.
Combine to
Ends in ㅗ 와요, 갔다와요 After After
와요/와 Verb Meaning Style
Vowel Consonant
Drop ㅡ add 바쁘다 - 바빠요, Copula,
Ends in ㅡ appropriate 이다 To Be Polite 예요 이에요
ending 예쁘다 - 예뻐요
Copula,
이다 To Be Casual 야 이야
Double the ㄹ,
부르다 - 불러요,
Ends in 르 drop ㅡ add
자르다 - 잘라요 Memorize the verb 있다 and its two meanings.
appropriate
ending
Verb Meaning 1 Meaning 2 Polite Casual
Ends in ㅏ Simply add 요 가다 - 가요 , 자다 -
or leave as is 있다 Possession Location 있어요 있어
or ㅓ (casual) 자요

Combine to 어려워요, 배워요, Memorize these 10 common words. If it has a

Ends in ㅜ
워요/워 피워요
(p) next to it, it means polite. A (c) means
casual.

Memorize These first 10 common verbs and English Korean

forms. To form casual style, simply drop the 요
Hangul 한글
from the polite style.
Car 차
하다 해요 To Do Pencil 연필
있다 있어요 To Have House 집
To Not
없다(~업다) 없어요(~업서요) Have Water 물

가다 가요 To Go Bread 빵

먹다 먹어요 To Eat Friend 친구

마시다 마셔요
To Yes 네 (p), 응 (c)
Drink

12
No 아니오 (p), 아니 (c) Particle Use
를/을 Object
Hello 안녕하세요 (p), 안녕 (c)
먹다 To Eat
 Lesson Five
밥 Rice
Below are the basics of the particles and a few 김치 Kimchi
vocabulary words that are commonly used with
those particles. 고기 Meat

국 Soup
Keep in mind that words listed under subject
particle will very well be used along with the 마시다 To Drink
topic particle, and vice versa.
물 Water
Particle Use
우유 Milk
이/가 Subject
콜라 Cola
Korean English
소주 Korean Liquor
선생님 Teacher
맥주 Beer
나 I
Particle Use
저 I (polite)
는/은 Topic
엄마 Mom
에 Location, To
아빠 Dad
에서 Location, At

Below, words falling under a verb will be

commonly used with that verb.

 LESSON 4: THE IRREGULAR VERBS

The verbs on this page are different. These verbs are commonly used verbs, but either have more than one
meaning, are used weird, etc. instead of being irregular patterns. You will see what I mean, right now!

 Verb - Polite Style 이다

The first irregular verb that I need to cover here is definitely what many books and courses will call
the copula. Basically, it is the verb of equality. Equality? What is that?!? In English, we may say "It is a
book." "It" is equal to "book". It is pretty much the verb "to be." If you look in a dictionary, you will see
The verb root is 이. This verb will follow its own pattern however. It doesn't fit any pattern and
just needs to be learned. The polite form will be 이에요 if it comes after a consonant, or 예요 if
이다 it comes after a vowel. You will also see it spelled 에요 after a vowel. When spoken, it will
sound more like 에요 after a vowel. Let's practice with a sentence. We will use the same
sentence as the example in English. Book in Korean is

13
 Since 책 ends in a consonant, we should use the polite ending 이에요. With most normal verbs,
there is a space between the verb and any other words, but the copula is a special case. There is
no space in between the two words. Also, in Korean sentence structure is different. I feel the best
책 way for you to understand it and get used to it is just to see it. The verb falls at the end of the
sentence always. Other words fall before the verb. So, since our verb of "to be" is 이에요, that
will fall at the end. There is no space between 이에요 and the word it is describing, so, our
sentence comes out to be
As you see, this is like "book-to be". The structure is different, but you will get used to it as you
see more and more of it. 책이에요 means "It is a book." Let's see a couple more examples.
책이에요
Remember, you don't need to remember every noun you see yet. Memorize what you find on the
homework page.
연필 means pencil. It ends in ㄹwhich is also a consonant. If we combine this with the polite
연필
ending and keep the correct word order, we get 연필이에요, meaning "It is a pencil."
차 means car. It ends in ㅏ which is a vowel. Because it ends in a vowel, the correct spelling of
차
이다 would be 예요. The sentence would be 차예요, meaning "It is a car."

 Verb - Casual Style 이다

이다 has two polite forms, depending on in ㄹ, a consonant, so we will add 이야 to this
whether it follows a consonant or vowel, and so one as well. 연필이야 is correct. 연필이야 and
does the casual form.
연필이에요 also mean the same thing, and are
If 이다 follows a consonant, it is spelled 이야.
only different because of who we may be
If 이다 follows a vowel, it is spelled 야. speaking to.

Let’s use the same three examples as 차예요 was the final example sentence. 차 ends
above so that you may compare the two forms.
in a vowel, so we only add 야 instead of 이야.
The first one used the word 책, or book, in the
When we form the new sentence, we get 차야.
example. The polite style was 책이에요. Since
As you can guess, this is equal to 차예요.
책 ends in ㄱ, a consonant, the casual style form
should be 이야. If we put this with 책, we get Here are a few practice problems. If you can get
책이야. 책이야 and 책이에요 mean the exact these, then you know the irregular verb 이다 and
same thing! The only difference is who we are are one step closer to knowing Korean!
speaking with. As previous lessons covered, if
we speak with someone older or a teacher or How do you say, "It is a ____"?
anyone who deserves more respect, we would
use the polite form 책이에요. If we are speaking 기차 =
with our close friends, we can just use 책이야. 펜 =
That is the only difference! It is something you 사람 =
will get used to as you learn Korean.
것 =
The second example sentence was 치약 =
연필이에요, meaning "It is a pencil." This ends
전화 =

14
This also works for people and their names, as in 앤나 =
"It's Joe" or if you were referring to yourself. In
the next lesson we will see how to specify who 마이클 =
we are referring to.

 Verb - 있다
있다 - Root is 있, Polite style is 있어요, Casual style is 있어. Meaning - To have or To be (location).
있다 is a special verb because it has a couple of different meanings. I feel it is a verb worth mentioning
because it is an extremely common verb. Let's look at the two meanings you will see.

This is a very common verb in all languages. "I have chicken." "I have a car." "Do you
have a car?" All of these deal with possesion of something. So does 있다. We could say
차 있어요 to mean "I have a car" or "she has a car". Remember, in Korean the subject
may be left out if it can be assumed. If it cannot be, it will be added in, which you will
To Have learn soon. This is a fairly simple verb when looking at it from this position, and is easy to
understand with this meaning alone. 연필 있어요 could mean "I have a pencil." In written
Korean, you can turn this statement into a question asking "Do you have a pencil?" by
simply adding a question mark on the end. 연필 있어요? In spoken Korean, it is the tone
of your voice that determines this. Nothing else in the sentence changes.
있다 can also mean To Be, when used for location. For example, using the same sentence,
연필 있어요? could also mean "Is there a pencil?" For this sentence as it is, it pretty much
means the same thing. You are wanting a pencil and are asking if there is one or if they
To Be have one or whichever. Later, you will see the difference easier as we learn how to make
(Location)
our sentences longer and more complex. If we said "(In the room) 연필 있어요?" then we
can automatically assume it is talking about location. If we say "(Anna) 연필 있어요?"
Then we can automatically assume we are talking about possession.

Try the following practice problems. They should not be difficult, but should help you to see more
examples of the use of 있다.
Anna 차 있어요? =
At-Home 의자 있어요? =
2 Blocks away 있어요. =

 Verb - 하다

하다 - root is 하, Polite style is 해요, casual style is 해. Meaning - To Do.

하다 has an irregular spelling when used as you learned in Lesson Three. Keep in mind it is 해요 and not
하요. This verb is not as irregular as with 있다 and 이다, but I would still like to briefly talk about it.

15
하다 is a verb you will soon know perfectly, as you will see it forms many other verbs. What I mean by
this is, many Korean verbs are simply formed by taking a word and simply adding 하다 on the end of it.
The verb "To Make a Phone Call" is made by sticking the word for "phone" and the verb 하다 (To Do)
together. Phone is 전화. The verb "To Make a Phone Call" is 전화하다.

Shower is 샤워. "To Shower" is simply 샤워하다.

Homework is 숙제. "To Do Homework" is 숙제하다.

This is why you will see this verb a lot. Many verbs are formed using it. When you conjugate them, it is
done the same as 하다. 전화해요, 숙제해요, etc. You will have no problem with 하다.

 LESSON 5: THE KOREAN PARTICLES

Particles - Endings attached to words to specify our sentence. 은지가 먹어요 in the polite form,
what significance the word has in the sentence.
The particle is attached to the end of the word, 은지가 먹어 or simply 은지 먹어. Eunji is
without a space in between the word and the eating. As you will notice, when speaking in the
particle. casual form, particles are commonly left off.

 Subject Particle In Lesson Four, we learned the irregular verb

One of the first and most common particles you 있다. 있다 can mean To Be, as in location.
will run into is the subject particle. In English,
one of the most basic parts of a sentence is the There is a pencil. From Lesson Four, you should
subject. It is a required part in English, but is not have memorized 연필 means pencil. 연필이
required in Korean. The subject tells us who or
means pencil, as the subject. 연필이 있어요
what is doing the action.
means "There is a pencil (there, as in location)."
As you learned in Lesson Three, 먹다 means To
연필이에요 means "It is a pencil." Be sure to
Eat. You also learned that you could say 먹어요
keep 이다 and 있다 separate when it comes to
to mean "I'm eating." Up until now though, we
haven't learned how to specify who or what is the verb To Be.
the subject if we need to for clarification.
Say "There is (a) _____" by filling in the blank
with the words below, using the correct subject
The subject particle has two forms. 이 and 가. particle.
이 comes after a word ending in a consonant,
and 가 comes after a word ending in a vowel. 책=
연필 =
For example, let's say Eunji is eating. 은지 ends 책상 =
in a vowel, so we attach 가 and get 은지가. 개 =
은지가 means Eunji, as the subject of the 고양이 =
sentence. The 가 is what makes Eunji the 텔레비전 =
subject. Then, we can simply add the verb 먹다 우유 =
in the proper present tense form, and we have

16
  Object Particle school" anymore. It means the action is
happening at school . 앤나가 집에서 먹어요
Another very common particle is the object
particle. This states which word in the sentence means "Anna is eating at home." 학교에서
is the object of the sentence, or the word 공부해요 means "I am studying at school."
receiving the action. It has two forms as well. 을
after a word ending in a consonant, and 를 after  Topic Particle
a word ending in a vowel.
The topic particle may be the most common
In Lesson Three you were asked to learn the particle you will run into. It also has two forms.
verb 마시다, To Drink. You should be able to 는 after a vowel, and 은 after a consonant. Keep
say "I drink" or "I'm drinking" but you haven't in mind it will replace the subject or object
been able to specify what it is you are drinking. particle if it is attached to a word that would
otherwise have a subject or object particle
You specify this using an object particle. 우유 attached, but it will fall after any other particle.
means milk. If you attach the proper object It is also one of the most difficult particles to
particle to it, you get 우유를 . You can then say learn when you begin to study Korean. I will
keep it simple, and you will do just fine. It does
우유를 마셔요. In Lesson Four you learned 물 exactly what it is called. It sets the word or
means water. Now you should know that 물을 words before it as the topic of the
sentence...what the sentence is all about. You
마셔요 means "I'm drinking water." or "I drink can take any part of a sentence and make it the
water." Now, try these sentences. topic, except for the verb of course. Say you
have a simple sentence saying "Joe is eating
앤나가 물을 마셔요. = bread at his house." You can make Joe the topic,
meaning the sentence is about Joe, and we are
saying what he is doing and where. If we like,
남이 빵을 먹어요. = we may decide bread should be the topic, in
which case the rest of the sentence will tell us
who and where is eating the bread. Or, if we are
친구가 가요. =
talking about "at home", we may want to make
"at home" the topic. In this case, we are saying
 Location Particle what is going on at home. Joe is eating bread.

You know the verb 가다 from Lesson Three, so

Often when you begin to learn Korean, you will
you know how to say you're going or someone is
be confused about when to use the subject
going, but knowing how to say where it is you
particle vs. the object particle. As you learned
are going is very important! This is very simple!
above, 은지가 먹어요 means Eunji is eating.
에. It takes the same form no matter what word
But...은지는 먹어요 also would mean Eunji is
it comes after. 집에 가요. You should know
eating. In one case, Eunji is simply the subject of
this! "I'm going home." 학교에 가요. If I told the sentence. In the second case, Eunji is the
you 학교 was school, you would know this too topic of the sentence. Very similar. Honestly, it
usually won't make much of a difference. Both
:) .
are right :) . Now for a few examples in Korean.
One other location particle that I want to tell you
about right now is 에서. When you add the 서 나는 집에 가요. 나 still means "I". This
on the end, it then turns into a place where the sentence simply says "I am going home." But if
it helps you understand the topic particle better,
action is happening. 학교에서 doesn't mean "to think of it as "Speaking about me, going home."

17
Another example could be 학교에서는 앤나가 but will take the form
으로 if it falls after any
수학을 공부해요. This sentence is a little
other consonant.
longer, but if you knew all the nouns and verbs,
you could understand it just fine :) . 수학 is
차로 가요 means To go
math. 학교 is school. 공부하다 is to study. This by car. You are
sentence says "Speaking about what is going on expressing which means
at school, Anna is studying math." of transportation you will
be using. 기차로 갑시다
This is why my lessons are so grammar heavy at
is a sentence saying Let's
first. If you know the grammar, you can
Go by train. It is not only
understand any sentence with the use of a
used for means of
dictionary. If you do not know the grammar your
transportation though. It
chances of understanding the sentence are much
can be used for anything
smaller, and a dictionary won't help much. I will
to mean "by means of."
begin to introduce larger amounts of vocabulary
words, but I just ask that you stick through the 연필로 쓰세요 means
grammar until then :) . I promise it will be worth Please write with a
it. pencil, or please write by
means of a pencil.
This is a great place to take a break in this 까지 is a particle you
lesson. If you memorize the first section on the
stick onto nominals of
homework page tonight, then I say you've
place or time. It means
learned plenty for the day. You can always come
"All the way up to." As
back and study some more, or go ahead if you
in, I'm going all the way
like! Keep your own pace, but this is simply
where I will put a stopping point. to China, 중국까지 가요.
I'm going (as far as)
까지 China. You can use it to
The particle 로 is
say a destination you will
commonly used to mean go to, and meaning thats
"by means of." It will fall how far you will go. It is
로 / 으로 after a noun, and take the found in the question
form 로 after 어디까지 갈까요? How
vowels and a word that far should we go?
ends in the consonant ㄹ,

 LESSON 6: THE HOUSEHOLD TERMS

If you have completed lessons 1-5, you are now ready to start learning household terms. It is mainly a
bunch of vocabulary words...I know, that doesn't sound fun, but it's part of the language! One of the
hardest things about learning any language is just building a large enough vocabulary.

Luckily for you, this lesson will be full of items commonly found around the house. You will see them
frequently, so whenever you do, think of the Korean word, not the English word. This is the best way to
learn all the household terms. Plus, you will begin to build the foundation of your vocabulary with
common items and tasks. You will get used to the structure of sentences and the language, and can
practice while you walk around at home! It'll be a breeze :)

18
  Household Term Nouns
Korean English 비누 Soap
집 House
샴푸 Shampoo
아파트 Apartment
부엌 Kitchen
기숙사 Dormitory
오븐 Oven
방 Room
냉장고 Refrigerator
침대 Bed
식탁 Dinner Table
베개 Pillow
의자 Chair
담요 Blanket
접시 Plate
자명종 Alarm Clock
컵 Cup
거울 Mirror
램프 Lamp
화장실 Bathroom
창문 Window
변기 Toilet
소파 Sofa
샤워실 Shower
텔레비전 Television
수건 Towel
책장 Bookcase
치약 Toothpaste
전화기 Telephone
칫솔 Toothbrush
컴퓨터 Computer

 Household Term Verbs

Here is a list of common household verbs to go along with the household terms. To form the casual style,
drop the 요 at the end.

Korean Polite Style English 청소하다 청소해요 To Clean

하다 해요 To Do
놀다 놀아요 To Play
일어나다 일어나요 To Get Up
운동하다 운동해요 To Exercise
자다 자요 To Sleep
쓰다 써요 To Write
To Have
있다 있어요 (Lesson 4) 먹다 먹어요 To Eat

없다 없어요
To Not Have 마시다 마셔요 To Drink
(Lesson 4)
가다 가요 To Go
읽다 읽어요 To Read
To Put On
To See / 입다 입어요
보다 봐요 Watch
Clothes

19
 To Put On To Do
신다 신어요 Shoes 숙제하다 숙제해요 Homework
To Take Off 공부하다 공부해요 To Study
벗다 벗어요 Clothes /
Shoes

Total, that will give you 19 household verbs and 31 household nouns, 50 household terms total! I
recommend memorizing the lists over the next few days. Once you have them memorized, remember to
remember the Korean household term for the object or task you are doing whenever you do it! This will
help you retain the vocabulary much faster than continuously returning to the list or a dictionary. This is a
good idea to try with any word in the language, not just household terms. Keep that in mind for future
lessons! Household Terms does not have to be the only easy lesson!

 A Korean Paragraph Using Household Terms

Now this can be your real first lesson diving into when you use 반). 3시 26분에 means at 3:26. if
real Korean and real sentences. It will be based
using the vocabulary above, and we will you see 하고 attached to a noun, it will either
examine some sentences and then have some mean "and" or it will mean "with". In these
practice ones. First, read through the following cases, it means "and". 불고기하고 밥 would
paragraph. Try your best to understand it, even if
mean bulgogi and rice. Yet wait, you see another
there are a couple of words you do not know yet
thing used for and when I listed the foods. When
:) You will be amazed at what you can
accomplish by now if you have done the using to attach nouns, you can also use 와 and
previous lessons and learned some household 과. 와 comes after a word that ends in a vowel,
terms. It will all be in present tense since that is
the only tense that has been discussed so far. Be while 과 after a noun that ends in a consonant. It
sure to read it outloud to yourself at least once! will have the same meaning as 하고. There were
7시에 일어나요. 운동하고 샤워해요.
a few 그리고 in there. That means "and" as
샴푸하고 비누 없어요. 나는 8시에 먹어요. well! When connecting sentences that is. One
학교에 가요. 학교에서 공부해요. 3시 집에 final thing, if you see two or three things that all
seem like verbs but don't seem to have the exact
와요, 그리고 숙제해요. 4시에 청소하고 same end on the word as you would've thought
놀아요! 6시 반에 저녁 먹어요 (밥과 김치와 (운동하고 샤워해요) You would think it would
불고기!). 저녁 후에 텔레비전을 봐요. 그리고 be 운동해요. But, this is one last way to use
책을 읽어요. 9시 자요. "and". When listing verbs, you can add 고 to the
알아요? I bet you did! Now that you have read stem of the verb. Only the final verb in the list
will be conjugated otherwise.
it, let me cover a couple things that you may
Now read that paragraph again (or maybe
have picked up. First off, this is a general
twice!) now that you understand those couple
account of what could happen in a day using the
things.
household terms, but all in the present tense.
Now continue to read an English translation...
numbers were used to help you pick up on this.
At 7:00 I get up. I exercise and shower. There is
As you may have noticed, 시 means hour. 3시 no shampoo and soap :( . At 8:00 I eat. I go to
means 3:00. 반 means half. It is used when you school. At school I study. I come home at 3:00,
and I do homework. At 4:00 I clean and play! At
say 3:30. 3시 반. 3 hours and half! 분 is used 6:30 I eat dinner (rice and kimchi and bulgogi!).
like 시, but means minutes (it is not needed After dinner, I watch tv, and read a book. at 9:00
I sleep.

20
  Korean Practice Using Household Terms
한국말 책을 읽어요. = Where are you going? =

]내 책이 어디 있어요? = Where (as in how far) are you going? =

여기 있어요! = I am going home. =

뭐 해요? =
I am going as far as school. =
텔레비전을 봐요. =

What are you eating? =

집을 청소해요. =
숙제해요. = What are you drinking? =

뭘 먹어요? (무엇 = 뭐 무엇을 = 뭘) = I am eating rice and kimchi. =

밥하고 김치하고 불고기를 먹어요. 그리고 I am drinking milk. =

물을 마셔요. = What are you doing? =

I'm sleeping. =

샴푸와 비누가 어디 있어요? = I'm exercising and playing. =

샴푸는 여기 있어요. 그리고 비누는 거기 I'm exercising. And I'm playing. =

있어요. = Where is the toothpaste? =

I don't know. Anna knows. =

어디까지 가요? =
학교까지 가요. = Where is my house? =

어디 공부해요? = I don't know. =

학교에서 공부해요. =
Where is my pillow. =

차로 가요? = It's (right) here. =

아니오. 기차로 가요. = It's over there. =

 LESSON 7: THE BODY PARTS AND PURE-KOREAN NUMBERS

 Body Parts
Korean English 얼굴 Face

인체 Body 눈 Eye
Head, 눈썹
머리 Hair
Eyebrow

코 Nose

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귀 Ear 등 Back

입 Mouth 팔 Arm

뺨 Cheek 손 Hand

입술 Lips 손가락 Fingers

턱 Chin 허리 Waist

목 Neck 엉덩이 Buttocks

어깨 Shoulders 다리 Legs

가슴 Chest 발 Foot

배 Stomach 발가락 Toes

 Pure Korean Numbers

First, I will tell you right off there are two sets of
다섯 5
Korean numbers you will run into. There are
Pure-Korean numbers, which come straight from 여섯 6
the Korean language, and there are Sino-Korean
numbers, which are taken from Chinese. Both 일곱 7
sets of numbers are commonly used, and you
will learn when to use which kind. 여덟 (여덜) 8

For now, you will be introduced to the Pure- 아홉 9

Korean numbers. Pure-Korean numbers are used
to count physical, tangible objects (excluding 열 10
money) and the hour (but not minutes).

You will learn time in the future. It is more To form the numbers 11-99, you will simply
difficult as it is composed of both number follow a pattern.
systems. 열 + 하나 (10 + 1) 열하나 = 11
Pure-Korean numbers only go through 99. Sino- 열 + 다섯 (10 + 5) 열다섯 = 15
Korean numbers can go as large as you like But in order to continue this pattern, you need to
them to. learn the word for 20, 30, 40, and so on.
Korean Number
Here are the first 10 Pure-Korean numbers.
열 10
Korean Number 스물 20
하나 1
서른 30
둘 2
마흔 40
셋 3
쉰 50
넷 4

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 There are two last things to keep in mind with
예순 60
numbers. The first four, 하나, 둘, 셋, 넷 change
일흔 70 when they come before a noun or something you
are changing. They will change to 한, 두, 세 , 네
여든 80
respectively.
아흔 90 한시 - 1:00
The pattern is the same as it was for the teens. 두 병 - 2 bottles
25 - 스물 + 다섯 = 스물다섯 네 마리 - 3 animals
31 - 서른 + 하나 = 서른하나 세 장 - 3 pieces of paper
46 - 마흔 + 여섯 = 마흔여섯 This occurs in all cases where the number ends
55 - 쉰 + 다섯 = 쉰다섯 in one of these.
아흔한 마리 - 91 animals
69 - 예순 + 아홉 = 예순아홉
마흔네 명 - 43 people
78 - 일흔 + 여덟 = 일흔여덟
Secondly, when 셋 or 넷 come before the
82 - 여든 + 둘 = 여든둘
sounds ㄷ or ㅈ, they may be pronounced 석 and
99 - 아흔 + 아홉 = 아흔아홉
넉 respectively...instead of 세 and 네. This may
not always happen however.

 Practice
Use the body part terms above and the Pure-Korean numbers for this practice.
몇 - How Many

귀가 두 개 있어요. = How many eyebrows do you have? =

How many legs do you have? =

눈이 두 개 있어요. =
How many fingers do you have? =

손가락이 열 개 있어요. = How many hands do you have? =

발가락 몇 개 있어요? =
How many feet do you have? =

발가락이 열 개 있어요. =
코가 몇 개 있어요? =

코가 한 개 있어요. =
팔 몇 개 있어요? =
팔이 두 개 있어요. =

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 COUNTING
 Use the Korean form for numbers of items (between 1 and 99) and age, e.g. 2 children, 5 bottles
of beer, 27 years old. Here's how to count to ten in the Korean form:

One 하나 hana
Two 둘 dool
se(t)
Three 셋
" t" is not pronounced.
Four 넷 ne(t)
Five 다섯 da-seo(t)
Six 여섯 yeoh-seo(t)

Seven 일곱 il-gop

Eight 여덟 yeoh-deohlb
Nine 아홉 ahop
Ten 열 yeohl

 Use the Sino-Korean form for dates, money, addresses, phone numbers, and numbers above 100.
Here's how to count to ten in Sino-Korean:

One 일 il
Two 이 ee
Three 삼 sam
Four 사 sa
Five 오 oh
Six 육 yuk
Seven 칠 chil
Eight 팔 pal
Nine 구 gu ( Mostly It is "ku")
Ten 십 ship
BASIC CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES

anyeong (in a casual way) and

Hello 안녕
anyeong-haseyo in a formal way.

Yes 네 ne or un

No 아니요 ani or aniyo

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 Thank You 감사합니다 kamsahamnida
My name is… 저는 ___ 입니다 joneun ___ imnida
How are you? 어떠십니까? otto-shim-nikka
Pleased to meet you 만나서 반가워요 mannaso bangawo-yo or mannaso bangawo
Goodbye 만나서 반가워요 an-nyounghi kye-sayo

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