Description: AM Riptions in B Ibing C
Description: AM Riptions in B Ibing C
§ all three having a capacity of over 75 synthetic shoulde r straps), the other
Iitres and describing them se lves as two using propriet ary nyl on fabrics .
'ergonomic'. Both the Tramon te and Although possibly more agreeabie
Rucksa ck: a bag in which you carry
the Cougar have adjustable back against t he back on a hot day, the
thing s on yo ur back . for e xample when
yo u arc walking or cl imbing. It has straps systems, wherea s the Rockman cotton adds to t he weight of the bag;
that go over your shoulders. A lso knap - comes in a choice of three back our tests also found thi s fabric to
sack. have rsack. backpack . lengths. The Rockman is also the have 30% less resistan ce to abras ion
only one to be made of cotton (with than the nylon fabrics
(!]
The Sisyph us Rockman is the classi c hard wearing
I 'm havin g probl ems with one of your ergonomic rucksack . Crafted out of 100% colour-fast
rucks acks, a Rockm an , which I bough t at wate rproof cotton in a choice of attractive colours
the Wlld Rover campi ng shop , Bradf ord , in aro und a superlig htweigh t aluminium frame, it is as
,
March 2000 . I am writin g to you direc tly ideal fo r wa lkin g and climbing as it is practical for
l b e able t o r epa i r
confid ent that you wi l to urism. With its capacity of 80 litres, the Rockman w ill
the damag e under the terms of your always be ab le to cope, whethe r you're in Harrods or
' Li f e t i me Guara ntee ' . There are t wo t he Himalayas. And among the many orig inal design
proble ms : firstl y , one of the alumi nium featu res, the locking iid pocket and the adjustable,
tubes has broke n thr ough the fabri c at detachable waist belt are unique to the Rockman.
the base of the bag , and the other is The Sisyphus Rockman: a head and shoulders
threa tenin g to do the same . Secon dly , the above the rest.
stltch lng of the zip of the lid pocke t
has faile d , rende ring the pocke t usele ss
iii An experienced travelling companion fo r
nnly £15. Sisyphu s Rockman ruck sack ,
tri ed, tested and well-travell ed. Good work -
13 It is a 12-year -old faded-blue 80-litre 'Sisyphus' rucksack
ing order. Blue colton, lightwe ight, huge
made of thick cotton. The only external pocket, on top of
capacity. Phone Eric . 773524.
the bag, is ripped, and one of the two aluminium tubes
that make up the internal frame has broken through the
The walker' s rucksack, a bold, angular mass of vivid reds
canvas at the bottom. The arm straps and the two small
straps with buckles on either side are gold-coloured; there and greens painted in short, fine strokes, dominates the
is no waist strap. There is an embroidered badge on the lowe r left -hand quarter of the canvas, w hile fh e w alker's
top pocket, a souvenir of the Lake District. pale, naked nghf arm, a striking ly huma n element
stretches diagonally Upward s to the right. '
38 • Types of writing
Making descriptions interesting • Modu le 1A
BORING I NTERESTI NG
* the openings and closings of magazine articles are practised on page.s 124-127.
Types of writing • 39
Unit 1 • Description
Th Bazaar Restaurant
e . u are taken to the bar area, where one of the
Wh en you go i n, yo . f T hey are very nice and wear
. WIll look a ter you.
waiters or wattresses ] I T hey take your order from
.f of an unusua co our. .
interestin g urn orms .. di hes from different countnes.
the long menu which has exc~t1ng lll~ith some other thin gs that are
T here is also a blackboard on t e:a d di sh w ith fish, whic h [ wo uld
the menu. They do a very ,,00
not on f he sal ads are excellent.
recommend, and some 0 t t ble i n the well-decorated
are taken to your a
Before long, you . . e bi a ' the tables are round, and the
dining room. This room IS quit he: oft music which adds to the
. d f od You can ear s . .
chairs are rna eo wo . ek the have someone playin g piano . .
atmosphere, and once a we Y l e like to dri nk coffee, etc.. in
At the end of the meal, many pe~p f pl ants and other exotic
the lounge bar, where there are ots 0
decoration s. . ' 11 fi d it isn't very expensive for such
Wh en the bill comes you n .
good food, and I' m sure you' ll want to go again .
40 • Types of writing
Describing pictures and objects • M odule 1B
B It is possible to use more than three or four adjectives to desc ribe something,
but it sounds a bit unnatural if you have as many as nine adjectives in front of a
noun.
lH y teacher's channing lit tle anti que tap ered black: Chi nese icooden ear trumpet.
Choose five of the nouns above, and describe them using five adjectives (or
other qualifiers) for each. You may use the adjectives in the lists, or any others.
Examples
a st ylish sho rt Itali an leather sk irt
a ch eap second -han d shocki ng pi nk disco shirt
some ugly antiqu e di amOlullcedd ing rings
C The three strange items illustrated to the left were invented from words in the
table. Describe them . Be creative!
D Writing practice
You have just arrived by plane in an English-speaking country and the airline
seems to have lost your luggage. Write a brief but detailed description of the
luggage (either one or two items). Do not mention or describe the conte nts . Write
about 100 words .
Task bank: Task 1
Types of writing • 41
Unit 1 • Description
42 • Types of writing
Describing pictures and objects • Module 1B
Now read these two descriptions of the photos. The first is someone talking
about the family photo , and is written in an informal style. The photograph is
being exhibited in an art gallery, and the descript ion is taken from the exhibition
catalogue . The phrases printed in italics are som e that you might find useful in
your own writing.
Note also the tenses of the verbs .
• The present co ntinuous is used to describe what is happe ning ill a picture
(1'/11 !w uillg a donkci] rid e; she 's u;ca r ill g ).
• The presen t perfect can he used to descri be what has just happened
(the coat she Iw s jllst been g ice n).
Fill the gaps in the two descriptions. All the missing words are adjectives. Use
your imagination! This is a 'c reative writing' exercise, not a grammar test. Take
ris ks with vocabulary!
Types of writing • 43
Unit 1 • Description
1 C Describing products
Car
8
Are yo u torn bet w een another firmness as the car gathers speed.
execut ive saloon and some thing 9 Better still , it grows lighter as those alloy wheel s con -
w ith more freedom of spirit? front the furrows in the landscape. (Tha t sho uld ke ep th e
2 Wit h th e new T oyota 4Runner, yo u can n o w have furrows off your br ow.)
the civilisation of the forme r w ith the lib eration of the lat- 10 In the city or in the wild , the 4Runne r is a very to ugh
te l'. act to follow . And it's no different wh en yo u're towing,
3 \Xlhen you slip insid e , yo u'll see that the cab in's as 11
You can hitch up ove r one and a half to ns and this
slick as anythi ng in the city . A bu tton 's press opens the car w ill never make heavy weat her of it.
s unro of, adjusts the mirro rs an el operates the wi ndows. 12 Otherwise . it's as free of hitches as every car we
Includi ng the window on the tailgate . buil d. Which is why it comes wi th our com p rehe nsiv e
4 The sou nd system is something you 've go t to hear 3-year / 60,000 mile manufacturer's warranty.
with your own ears. With six speakers surrounding you , 13
Dial A Trial : to arrange a test drive o r fo r further
be prepared to be transported even before you fire the information o n the 4Runner, call 0800 777555.
en gine. 14 I t's the car in front for gettin g awa y to the back of
5 The 4Runne r's three-lit re tur bo-d iesel de livers more beyond.
power and torqu e than anyt hing else in its class. (Talk ing
power th ere 's also the option of a 3-litre , petro l v6.) The new 4Runner
6 For life in the fast lane , you 've got a 5-spe ed gear-
box. Y et, with th e fl ick of a lever, yo u can be over the
hills and far awa y. Even on the move , that's all it takes to
sw itch from two-w heel drive to fo ur, with bot h high and The car in front is a Toyota
low ratios.
44 • Types of writing
Describing products • Module 1C
The Toyota advert illustrates many of the stylistic devices used when something
is described in an advertisement. The advanced student needs to be familiar with
these devices in order to be able to use them when appropriate, (e.g. when
trying to sell, persuade, convince or impress) and to be able to avoid them when
they are inappropriate.
Types of writing • 45
Unit 1 • Description
H Freedom w it h layout
The text is arranged in a visual layout; titles, subti tles and slogans may be printed
extra large and in typefaces that will catc h the reader's eye; paragraphs may be
very short .
Why are long sentences and long paragraphs unusual in advertisements?
I Freedom with grammar
Sentences are usually short , and may not contain a main verb .
Find the two examples here of a sentence w ith no main verb.
Note also the number of sentences beginning wit h And or But , a practice that is
sometimes considered incor rect in formal writing.
Other co mmon features of the language of advertising, not illustrated in this
adve rt, are:
J Use of statist ic s, scientific w ords or foreign lan guag es
K References to how 'natural' or ' pure' th e product is
References to traditions and the past , or to prog ress and the future, are also very
frequent.
L Repetition (either of key w ords or of the nam e of th e prod uc t)
1.1 Practice
Read thro ugh the following advertisement and then choose from the list A-K the
best sentence to fill each of the blanks. Some of the suggested answers do not
fit at all. The exercise begins with an examp le (0). See page 11 for infor mation
and advice about this exercise type.
46 • Types of writing
Describing products . Module 1C
1.2 Summarizing
This exercise practises two skills:
• recognizing the language of advertising and avoiding it when inappropriate.
• summarizing a text (also known as precis).
Types of writing • 47