Contents

Reference
AMADA Reference Section
AMADA have compiled some useful data which may assist engineers in the daily business of sheet
metal design and production.

Page

Press Brake
Bend Allowance - 90°: Mild Steel 128
Bend Allowance - 90°: Stainless Steel 129
Bend Allowance - 90°: Aluminium 129
Hemming Tonnages 130

Punch Press
Tonnage Calculation 131
Minimum Hole Diameter 131
Burring Hole Reference 132
Countersink Hole Reference 132
Correct Tool Heights 133
Die Clearance 133

Reference

The information and data contained within this reference section is for guidance purposes only. 127
AMADA cannot accept any responsibility for typographical errors or mistakes contained herein.
Press Brake

Bend
Allowance - 90º
Example 1 - Bending 1mm mild steel in a 6mm ‘V’ die
If (f) = Elongation factor
If (d) = Blank development size

d = (20 + 40) - 2f 20.0

d = 60 - (2 x 0.87)
d = 58.26mm 1.0

40.0

The following tables show the elongation factor (f) of mild steel, stainless steel and aluminium
during a 90° bend.

V = V - width (mm)
t = material thickness (mm)
f = bend allowances (mm)

Mild Steel
V
4 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 32
t
0.5 0.47 0.55 0.59 0.63 0.70
0.6 0.54 0.62 0.65 0.69 0.77 0.85
0.7 0.60 0.68 0.72 0.76 0.83 0.91 0.99
0.8 0.67 0.74 0.78 0.82 0.90 0.97 1.05 1.13
1.0 0.80 0.87 0.91 0.95 1.03 1.10 1.18 1.26 1.33 1.41
1.2 1.00 1.04 1.08 1.15 1.23 1.31 1.38 1.46 1.54
1.5 1.19 1.23 1.27 1.35 1.42 1.50 1.58 1.65 1.73 1.92
1.6 1.29 1.32 1.40 1.47 1.76 1.86 1.96 2.05 2.29 2.63
2.0 1.59 1.67 1.74 1.82 1.90 1.97 2.05 2.24 2.51
Reference

2.3 1.65 1.71 1.77 1.84 1.90 1.97 2.03 2.19 2.41
2.5 1.99 2.07 2.14 2.22 2.29 2.37 2.56 2.83
2.6 2.13 2.21 2.28 2.30 2.44 2.63 2.90
3.0 2.39 2.46 2.54 2.62 2.69 2.88 3.15
3.2 2.51 2.59 2.67 2.74 2.82 3.01 3.28

128
 Press Brake

Bend
Allowance - 90º
V = V - width (mm)
t = material thickness (mm)
f = bend allowances (mm)

Stainless Steel
V
4 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 32
t
0.5 0.52 0.63 0.69 0.75 0.86
0.6 0.58 0.69 0.75 0.80 0.92 1.03
0.7 0.64 0.75 0.81 0.86 0.98 1.09 1.20
0.8 0.70 0.81 0.87 0.92 1.04 1.15 1.26 1.37
1.0 0.82 0.94 0.99 1.05 1.17 1.29 1.40 1.52 1.64 1.75
1.2 1.05 1.10 1.16 1.27 1.38 1.50 1.61 1.72 1.83
1.5 1.23 1.28 1.34 1.45 1.56 1.67 1.79 1.90 2.01 2.29
1.6 1.34 1.40 1.51 1.62 1.73 1.85 1.96 2.07 2.35 2.74
2.0 1.64 1.74 1.85 1.96 2.07 2.18 2.28 2.55 2.93
2.3 1.81 1.93 2.04 2.15 2.26 2.37 2.49 2.77 3.16
2.5 2.04 2.16 2.27 2.38 2.49 2.60 2.88 3.28
2.6 2.22 2.33 2.44 2.55 2.66 2.94 3.34
3.0 2.45 2.56 2.68 2.79 2.90 3.18 3.57
3.2 2.57 2.68 2.80 2.91 3.02 3.30 3.69

Aluminium
V
4 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 32
t

0.5 0.40 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.54

0.6 0.46 0.50 0.53 0.55 0.60 0.65
0.7 0.52 0.56 0.59 0.61 0.66 0.71 0.76
0.8 0.58 0.62 0.65 0.67 0.72 0.77 0.82 0.87
1.0 0.69 0.74 0.77 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.06 1.11
1.2 0.86 0.89 0.91 0.96 1.01 1.06 1.11 1.15 1.20
1.5 1.04 1.07 1.09 1.14 1.19 1.24 1.29 1.33 1.38 1.50
1.6 1.13 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.39 1.44 1.56 1.73
2.0 1.40 1.45 1.49 1.54 1.58 1.63 1.67 1.79 1.94
Reference

2.3 1.57 1.62 1.67 1.72 1.76 1.81 1.86 1.98 2.15
2.5 1.74 1.79 1.83 1.88 1.93 1.98 2.10 2.27
2.6 1.85 1.89 1.94 1.99 2.04 2.16 2.33
3.0 2.09 2.13 2.18 2.23 2.28 2.40 2.57
3.2 2.20 2.25 2.30 2.35 2.40 2.52 2.69

129
 b
b
Press Brake e
e e h e

Hemming
h h h h h
e e
e e h
e e
b1 b b1

h
b h b b

h
b1

h
b
2 2h b

h
2

Tonnages
a
a
2b
e e e 2 2
e e e 2
r
e 2b r
2 e 2
r 2
r b r
r r b
Hemming is a form of bending requiring higherbamounts
r of tonnage than standard Air Bending.
b
Ther tables
e1 below show the tonnage
a required for hemming and seaming
e1 operations. a
r r
r
e e2 e2
r e e2 e2
Mild Steel b
e1
e1
h b
2r h
Bending Shape 2r
e2
r 2t e2
Sheet Thickness c r 2t
e1 c
e1
(mm)
r
Required Tonnage rC Required Tonnage 2t

b
0.6 9.0 3.0 23.0 1.2 b

0.8 e 12.0 3.0 32.0 1.6

e e h e
h h h e e
e e 1.0 15.0 3.5
e
h
e
h 40.0 2.0 h

1.2 17.0 b1 b3.5 b1 50.0 2.4

h

b h b b
h

b1

h
b
2 2h b

h
2
1.6 24.0 a 3.5 63.0 3.2
a
2.0 30.0 5.52 b 80.0 4.0
e e e 2 2
2.6 55.0 e 6.5 e 90.0 5.2 e 2
r
e 2b r
3.2 70.0 8.02 100.0 e 6.4 2
r 2
r b r
r 4.5 105.0 b
11.3
r 200.0
r 9.0 b
b
e1
Note:
r Required tonnage is given per 1 ametre length r
e1 a
r
r
e e2 e2
r e e2 e2
Stainless Steel b
e1
e1
h b
2r h
Bending Shape 2r
e2
r 2t e2
Sheet Thickness c r 2t
e1 c
e1
(mm)
r
Required Tonnage rC Required Tonnage 2t

0.6 15.0 3.0 35.0 1.2

0.8 20.0 3.0 50.0 1.6
1.0 25.0 3.5 60.0 2.0
1.2 26.0 3.5 80.0 2.4
1.5 38.0 3.5 95.0 3.0
2.0 50.0 5.5 130.0 4.0
2.5 90.0 6.5 180.0 5.0
Reference

3.0 100.0 8.0 210.0 6.0

4.0 140.0 11.3 280.0 8.0

Note: Required tonnage is given per 1 metre length

130
 Punch Press

Tonnage
Calculation
The punching tonnage is calculated by using the following formula:

Length of the cut edge (mm) x Material Thickness (mm) x Tensile Strength (kg/mm2)
1000

Example 1
Rectangle 50 x 10 in 2.0mm Stainless Steel

Tonnage Required = (50 + 50 + 10 + 10) x (2.0) x (60)

1000

Tonnage Required = 14.4 Tonnes

Example 2
30mm Diameter in 1.5mm Mild Steel

Tonnage Required = (3.142 x 30) x (1.5) x (40)

1000

Tonnage Required = 5.7 Tonnes

Minimum Hole Diameter

As a general guideline, the following table shows the minimum diameter (mm) of a punched
hole with regards to material thickness.

t = Material Thickness

Material Type Minimum Hole Diameter

Mild Steel 1.0 x t

Aluminium 1.0 x t
Reference

Stainless Steel 2.0 x t

It is possible to punch smaller hits, please contact Tooling Hotline for assistance.

131
Punch Press

Burring Hole
Reference
The table below shows the pre-pierce (mm) and burred hole (mm) sizes for Mild Steel.

Pre-Pierced Hole (øA)

Nominal
Material Burr
Thickness Hole (øB)
0.8mm 1.0mm 1.2mm 1.6mm 2.0mm 2.3mm
Tap Size
M2.6 x 0.45 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.6 - - 2.21
M3 x 0.5 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.7 - - 2.57
M4 x 0.7 - 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.7 3.40
M5 x 0.8 - 2.0 2.0 2.6 3.0 3.1 4.30
M6 x 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 3.4 3.8 3.8 5.10

øA

t
øB

Countersink Hole Reference

The table below shows the nominal pre-pierce hole (mm) sizes required for a countersink
operation for Mild Steel.
Screw Size
Material M2 M2.5 M2.6 M3 M4 M5 M6
Thickness (mm) x0.4 x0.45 x0.45 x0.5 x0.7 x0.8 x1.0
1.0 3.5 4.5 4.8 5.7 - - -
1.2 3.5 4.5 4.5 5.3 7.3 - -
1.5 3.2 4.2 4.5 5.3 7.3 9.0 -
1.6 3.0 4.0 4.3 5.0 7.0 8.8 10.8
Reference

2.0 3.0 3.8 4.0 4.8 7.0 8.6 10.6

2.3 3.0 3.8 4.0 4.8 6.8 8.5 10.5
2.5 - - - 4.5 6.5 8.4 10.4
3.0 - - - 4.4 6.0 8.0 10.0
3.2 - - - 4.0 5.8 7.8 9.8

132
 Punch Press

Correct Tool
Heights
The table below shows the correct tool height (mm) for Standard and NEX tooling

Tool Style Setting Height Punch Body Die Only

Only
‘A’ Station Standard 207.5 207.0 30
‘A’ Station NEX 208.0 207.0 30
‘B’ Station Standard 207.5 207.0 30
‘B’ Station NEX 208.0 207.0 30
‘C’ Station 208.0 96.0 30
‘D’ Station 209.0 84.0 30
‘E’ Station 210.0 85.0 30

Note:
i) The Punch setting height is the measurement taken from the top of the Punch Assembly head to the bottom
cutting edge of the punch body, not the bottom of the guide or stripper plate

Die Clearance
The table below shows the recommended die clearances for a range of materials and thicknesses.

Material Mild Stainless

Aluminium Copper Brass
Thickness Steel Steel

0.8mm 0.15 - 0.20mm 0.20 - 0.24mm 0.15 - 0.16mm 0.15 - 0.16mm 0.15 - 0.16mm
1.0mm 0.20 - 0.25mm 0.25 - 0.30mm 0.15 - 0.20mm 0.15 - 0.20mm 0.15 - 0.20mm
1.5mm 0.30 - 0.38mm 0.37 - 0.45mm 0.22 - 0.30mm 0.22 - 0.30mm 0.22 - 0.30mm
2.0mm 0.40 - 0.50mm 0.50 - 0.60mm 0.30 - 0.40mm 0.30 - 0.40mm 0.30 - 0.40mm
2.5mm 0.50 - 0.63mm 0.62 - 0.75mm 0.37 - 0.50mm 0.37 - 0.50mm 0.37 - 0.50mm
3.0mm 0.60 - 0.75mm 0.75 - 0.90mm 0.45 - 0.60mm 0.45 - 0.60mm 0.45 - 0.60mm
3.2mm 0.64 - 0.80mm 0.80 - 0.96mm 0.48 - 0.64mm 0.48 - 0.64mm 0.48 - 0.64mm
3.5mm 0.70 - 0.88mm 0.88 - 1.05mm 0.53 - 0.70mm 0.53 - 0.70mm 0.53 - 0.70mm
4.0mm 0.80 - 1.00mm 1.00 - 1.20mm 0.60 - 0.80mm 0.60 - 0.80mm 0.60 - 0.80mm
4.5mm 0.90 - 1.13mm 1.13 - 1.35mm 0.68 - 0.90mm 0.68 - 0.90mm 0.68 - 0.90mm
5.0mm 1.00 - 1.25mm - 0.75 - 1.00mm 0.75 - 1.00mm 0.75 - 1.00mm
5.5mm 1.10 - 1.38mm - 0.83 - 1.10mm 0.83 - 1.10mm 0.83 - 1.10mm
6.0mm 1.20 - 1.50mm - 0.90 - 1.20mm 0.90 - 1.20mm 0.90 - 1.20mm
Reference

Notes:
i) The figures in the above chart are given as a range, for example 0.15 - 0.20mm
For mechanical machines choose the smaller die clearance of the range
For hydraulic machines choose the larger die clearance of the range
ii) For Galvatite and Zintec materials, use Mild Steel as a guide
iii) The figures above are a guideline only. Please refer to your Machine Operators Manual for more specific details

133
General

Further Information
Reference

134