Designation: A780/A780M − 09 (Reapproved 2015)

Standard Practice for

Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip
Galvanized Coatings1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A780/A780M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This practice describes methods that may be used to 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
repair damaged hot-dip galvanized coatings on hardware, A902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Prod-
structural shapes, and other products fabricated prior to hot-dip ucts
galvanizing, and uncoated areas remaining after initial hot-dip D520 Specification for Zinc Dust Pigment
galvanizing. The damage may be the result of welding or 2.2 Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC) Documents:3
cutting (flame), in which case the coating will be damaged SSPC-PA2 Measurement of Dry Paint Thickness with Mag-
predominantly by burning. This practice can also be used to netic Gages
repair hot-dip galvanized coatings damaged by excessively SSPC-SP2 Hand Tool Cleaning
rough handling during shipping or erection. Requirements SSPC-SP5/NACE No.1 White Metal Blast Cleaning
concerning the renovation of uncoated areas remaining after SSPC-SP10/NACE No.2 Near-White Blast Cleaning
initial hot-dip galvanizing are contained within the applicable SSPC-SP11 Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal
material specification.
3. Terminology
1.2 This practice describes the use of low melting point zinc
alloy repair rods or powders made specifically for this purpose, 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
the use of paints containing zinc dust, and the use of sprayed practice, refer to Terminology A902.
zinc (metallizing). 4. Materials
1.3 The extent of repair shall be limited to an area mutually 4.1 Properties—The material used for repairs shall have the
agreeable to the contracting parties. Similarly, contracting following characteristics:
parties shall agree to the repair method to be used. 4.1.1 One application of the material shall provide a coating
1.4 This specification is applicable to orders in either thickness of at least 2.0 mils (50.8 µm).
inch-pound units (as A780) or in SI units (as A780M). 4.1.2 The applied coating shall provide barrier protection
Inch-pound units and SI units are not necessarily exact and shall preferably be anodic to steel.
equivalents. Within the text of this specification and where 4.1.3 Application of the coating material shall be possible
appropriate, SI units are shown in brackets. Each system shall under shop or field conditions.
be used independently of the other without combining values in 4.2 Types—There are three types of material that possess the
any way. required properties and may be used to repair damaged
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety galvanized coatings, as follows:
problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility 4.2.1 Zinc-Based Solders—Zinc alloy solders are to be used
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and for repairs. The most common types of solders are zinc-
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory cadmium, zinc-tin-lead, and zinc-tin-copper alloys. Zinc-
limitations prior to use. cadmium and zinc-tin-lead alloys have liquidus temperatures in
the ranges from 518 to 527°F (270 to 275°C) and 446 to 500°F

1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 on Metallic- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
A05.13 on Structural Shapes and Hardware Specifications. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A780 – 09. DOI: Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,
10.1520/A0780_A0780M-09R15. Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http://www.sspc.org.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 A780/A780M − 09 (2015)
(230 to 260°C), respectively. (The liquidus temperature is that resistance and service performance are very dependent on the
temperature above which an alloy is completely molten.) The properties of the paint system, the extent of surface
zinc-tin-copper alloys have a liquidus temperature in the range preparation, and skills of individual applicators. Annex A2
from 660 to 670°F (349 to 354°C), but they are applied while describes the use of paints containing zinc dust. Specification
in a semisolid state in the preferred application temperature D520 describes the zinc dust component of these paints.
range from 480 to 570°F (250 to 300°C). The solders can be 4.2.3 Sprayed Zinc—This method involves the application
used in rod form or as powders. Annex A1 describes the use of of a zinc coating by spraying the surface to be repaired with
zinc-based solders. droplets of molten metal using wire or ribbon, or powder
4.2.2 Paints Containing Zinc Dust—These are usually based processes. Annex A3 describes the use of sprayed zinc.
on organic binders, pre-mixed and formulated specifically for 4.3 For further information, reference may be made to the
use on steel surfaces. Paints containing zinc dust, with concen- papers, procedures, and specifications in Refs. (1) through (2)
trations of zinc dust in the range of 65 to 69 % or above 92 % (see list of references at the end of this practice).
in the dried film, are considered equally effective for the repair
of damaged galvanized coatings. The repair paint to be used 5. Keywords
shall be selected by the galvanizer, unless the purchaser 5.1 coatings—zinc; galvanized coating repair; galvanized
specifies a particular concentration or paint system. Corrosion coatings; touch-up; zinc coating repair; zinc coatings

ANNEXES

(Mandatory Information)

A1. REPAIR USING ZINC-BASED ALLOYS

A1.1 Clean the surface to be reconditioned using a wire A1.4 Rub the cleaned, preheated area with the repair stick to
brush, a light grinding action, or mild blasting. To ensure that deposit an evenly distributed layer of the zinc alloy. When
a smooth reconditioned coating can be effected, surface prepa- powdered zinc alloys are used, sprinkle the powder on the
ration shall extend into the surrounding, undamaged galva- cleaned, preheated surface and spread out with a spatula or
nized coating. similar tool. The thickness of the applied coating shall be as
agreed upon between the contracting parties.
A1.2 If the area to be reconditioned includes welds, first
remove all weld flux residue and weld spatter (of a size that A1.5 When the repair has been effected, remove flux residue
cannot be removed by wire brushing or blast cleaning) by by rinsing with water or wiping with a damp cloth.
mechanical means, such as chipping, grinding, or power
scaling, etc. A1.6 Take thickness measurements with either a magnetic,
electromagnetic, or eddy-current gage to ensure that the
A1.3 Preheat the cleaned area to be reconditioned to at least applied coating is as specified.
600°F (315°C). Do not overheat the surface beyond 750°F
(400°C), nor allow the surrounding galvanized coating to be
burned. Wire brush the surface to be reconditioned during
preheating. Pre-flux, if necessary.

A2. REPAIR USING PAINTS CONTAINING ZINC DUST

A2.1 Preparation of the damaged surface will be influenced A2.1.1 Surfaces to be reconditioned with paints containing
by the type of paint selected and the anticipated service zinc dust shall be clean, dry, and free of oil, grease, preexisting
conditions. Experience shows that in general, organic zinc-rich paint, and corrosion by-products.
systems are tolerant of marginal surface preparation. Most
organic paints containing zinc dust are not critical of climatic A2.1.2 Where anticipated, field service conditions include
or atmospheric conditions for curing. The following general immersion, blast clean the surface in accordance with SSPC-
guidelines shall apply: SP10/NACE No. 2 near white metal. For less critical field

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 A780/A780M − 09 (2015)
exposure conditions, clean the surface to bare metal, in A2.1.4 Spray or brush-apply the paints containing zinc dust
accordance with SSPC-SP11, as a minimum. Where circum- to the prepared area. Apply the paint as in accordance with the
stances do not allow blast or power tool cleaning, it is manufacturer’s printed instructions in a single application
permissible to hand tool areas clean in accordance with employing multiple passes to achieve a dry film thickness to be
SSPC-SP2. To ensure that a smooth reconditioned coating can agreed upon between the contracting parties. Allow adequate
be effected, surface preparation shall extend into the undam- curing time before subjecting repaired items to service condi-
aged galvanized coating. The method and extent of surface tions in accordance with the manufacturer’s printed instruc-
preparation shall be mutually agreeable to the contracting tions.
parties.
A2.1.5 Take thickness measurements with either a
A2.1.3 If the area to be reconditioned includes welds, first
magnetic, electromagnetic, or eddy-current gage to ensure that
remove all weld flux residue and weld spatter (of a size that
cannot be removed by wire brushing or blast cleaning) by the applied coating is as specified in accordance with
mechanical means, such as chipping, grinding, or power SSPC-PA2.
scaling, etc.

A3. REPAIR USING SPRAYED ZINC (METALLIZING)

A3.1 Surfaces to be reconditioned by zinc metallizing shall A3.6 The surface of the sprayed coating shall be of uniform
be clean, dry and free of oil, grease, and corrosion products. texture, free of lumps, coarse areas, and loosely adherent
particles.
A3.2 If the area to be reconditioned includes welds, first
remove all flux residue and weld spatter of a size or type that A3.7 The nominal thickness of the sprayed zinc coating
cannot be removed by blast cleaning by mechanical means, shall be previously agreed upon between the contracting
that is, chipping, etc. parties.
A3.3 Blast clean the surface to be reconditioned in accor- A3.8 Take thickness measurements with either a magnetic,
dance with SSPC-SP5/NACE No. 1, white metal. electromagnetic, or eddy-current gage to ensure that the
A3.4 To ensure that a smooth reconditioned coating can be applied coating is as specified.
effected, surface preparation shall be extended into the sur-
rounding undamaged galvanized coating.
A3.5 Apply the coating to the clean and dry surface by
means of metal-spraying pistols fed with either zinc wire or
zinc powder. Apply the sprayed coating as soon as possible
after surface preparation and before visible deterioration of the
surface has occurred.

REFERENCES

(1) Van Eijnsbergen, J. F. H., et al, “Reconditioning Damaged Galvanized (3) SSPC-Paint-20,“ Zinc Rich Coatings, Type I Inorganic, Type II
Surfaces,’’ 6th International Conference on Hot Dip Galvanizing, Organic,’’ Steel Structures Painting Council, 4400 Fifth Ave.,
Interlaken, June 1961, pp. 128–141. Pittsburgh, PA 15213, 1979.
(2) “Recommended Practices for Fused Thermal Sprayed Deposits,’’ (4) MIL-P-21035 (Ships), Military Specification,“ Paint, High Zinc Dust
American Welding Society, Inc., 550 N.W. LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL Content, Galvanizing Repair,’’ Amendment 1, U.S. Government
33135, 1975. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1970.

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 A780/A780M − 09 (2015)
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