Gwader District: Development Profile of

Situation Analysis & Baseline Surveys For Poverty Reduction
through Rural Development in KPK, FATA & Balochistan
DEVELOPMENT PROFILE OF
GWADER DISTRICT
April 11, 2019
Submitted by:
Empowerment Performance Result
In Association with:
District Profile Situation Analysis & Baseline Surveys for Poverty Reduction through Rural
Gwader Development in KPK, FATA & Baluchistan
Table of Contents
Foreword ....................................................................................................................... 1
District Gwader – Major Characteristics...................................................................... 2
1.0 District Geography ................................................................................................ 4
2.0 Socio-Economic Profile of the District ................................................................. 5
2.1 Education and Literacy ..................................................................................... 5
2.2 Health............................................................................................................... 8
2.3 Housing Quality and Housing Services............................................................. 9
2.4 Transport and Communication ....................................................................... 11
2.5 Population and Employed Labor Force........................................................... 12
2.6 Livelihood Sources ......................................................................................... 14
3.0 Law & Order ......................................................................................................... 16
4.0 Conflict Management .......................................................................................... 17
5.0 The Role of Women ............................................................................................. 18
5.1 Tribal Conflict and local Economy .................................................................. 18
6.0 Social Mobilization .............................................................................................. 19
7.0 Important Institutions .......................................................................................... 20
7.1 Important Institutions & Stakeholders ............................................................. 20
7.2 Financial Institutions in the District (names plus microfinance projects/status) 20
8.0 Environmental Analysis ...................................................................................... 21
9.0 Selection of Union Councils for Poverty Survey ............................................... 22

Foreword
Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) awarded a study titled “Situation Analysis and
Baseline Surveys for Poverty Reduction through Rural Development in KPK, FATA &
Balochistan”. The assignment is being undertaken by AASA Consulting in Consortium with
Gender Reproductive Health Organization (GRHO).
Various tasks of the project have been divided into two phases. A macro picture of target
districts will be portrayed in Phase-I by developing district situation analysis reports for 14
project (target) districts and also ranking of these districts in terms of poverty and
deprivations, while household poverty and assessment of community organization will be
assessed through detailed quantitative and qualitative surveys in the selected Union
Councils of the target areas in phase-II of the project.
This report furnishes the situation analysis of the district with respect to socio-economic
status. It employs mainly secondary data collected by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics and the
provincial bureaus. However, information at UC level is gathered from various line
departments of project districts by AASA Consulting teams.
Three main data sources are used to compile the district profiles; latest available Provincial
Development and Social Statistics, District Census and Population Reports, 1998 and latest
available household survey (Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement, PSLM
2012-13). PSLM is mainly used to compile education, health and housing profile from raw
(household level) data.
Some information, which are significant for profiling districts with respect to development
characteristics, such as strength of social organizations and institutions, conflict resolving
practices, disaster management etc. are limited at the level of district. It is therefore planned
to obtain these information at the level of Union Councils, while conducting household
census for the development of poverty scorecard.
These profiles are developed to provide quick references with respect to the current socio-
economic status of Gwader district. The information or facts are presented in visual forms
(tables and graph) with a very brief commentary to make these profiles a handy and practical
booklet.
1
District Gwader – Major Characteristics
District Headquarter: Gwadar Town

Tehsils and Union Councils
Central Gwadar, Gwadar Southern, Gwadar Northern, Pishukan,
Gwadar
Surbandar
Jiwani Jiwani, Suntsar
Ormara Hud, Ormara
Pasni Kallag, Nalaint, Pasni Northern, Pasni Southern
Area 15,216 Square Kilometer
Climate The climate of Gwadar is hot and humid

Baloch tribes (Hoots, Gihckis, Kauhdas, Meers, Kalmati, Dashti and
Major Ethnic Groups
Rind)
Demography:
Projected Population – 2014 (thousand) 297
Population Density (Persons per Square Kilometer) 20
Percentage of Rural Population 58
Percentage of Female Population 45
Sex Ratio (Males per 100 Females) 126
Average Percentage of Children (Less than five years) 15
Average Percentage of Active Population (15-64 years) 53
Dependency Ratio (Percentage) 117
Livelihood Sources:
Total Cropped Area (Hectares) 2349
Total Irrigated Area (Hectares) 4590 (???)
4590Major Crops Dates, Coconuts, Guava, Citrus
Livestock Head Per thousand Rural

1054
Population
Lime Stone, Bajri Sand, Ordinary Stone, Rock Salt
Major Minerals
and Sulphur
Head of Household Work Status:

Wage Employed 54
Self Employed 33
Employer 0
Agriculture 9
Livestock 4
2
Education:
Percentage of Population that Ever Attended School 57
Primary Enrollment Rate (Gross) 98
Middle Enrollment Rate (Gross) 50
Matric Enrollment Rate (Gross) 44
Percentage of Literate Persons (10 years and above) 56
Percentage of Literate Persons (15 years and above) 50
Health:
Number of Institutions
Hospitals 3
Dispensary 14
Rural Health Centre 3
Basic Health Centre 23
Health Staff per One Hundred Thousand Population
Doctors 9
Nurses 2
Paramedics 3
Housing:
Percentage of Households
Inadequate Roof Structure (Wood, Bamboo) 56
Un-electrified Households 17
Households with no-toilet 13
Inadequate fuel for cooking 82
Inadequate Source of Drinking Water 29
3
1.0 District Geography

Gwadar is a part of Makran division which consists of three districts; Panjgur, Kech (Turbat)
and Gwadar. Gwadar was notified as a district on July 1, 1977 with its headquarters at
Gwadar town. The name originates from Gwat which means air and Dar, the door. Gwadar
is located in the south-west of the Quetta City, sharing its boundaries in the west with Iran.
District Lasbela is in the east and Kech and Awaran Districts are in the north.
Area-wise district Gwadar is the 9 largest district in Balochistan and has an area of 15,216
square kilometers, Gwadar lies between 61°36'38"-65°14'19" East longitudes and 25°01'58"-
25°49'3"North latitudes consisting of 4 Tehsils and 13 Union Councils. Gwadar located at
1,400km (aerial distance) south-west (230 degrees bearing) of Pakistan's Capital City
Islamabad.
The principal tribe of District Gwadar is Baloch, which is further divided into sub-tribes that
are: Kauhda, Hoath, Gichki, Kalmati, Dashti and Rind. The language spoken in the district is
Balochi.
The climate of District Gwadar is hot and humid in summer and mild in winter. The uniformity
of temperature is a unique characteristic of the coastal region in Balochistan. Occasionally,
winds in Balochistan plateau bring cold spells, otherwise the winter is pleasant. Winter is
shorter than summer. The weather of district is identical to that of the Middle-East as rain
occurs mainly during the months of December and January.
Geographically, Gwadar District is a vast mountainous region consisting of ridges and hills.
Between the ridges, the plains' soil is generally fertile and suitable for growing wheat, cotton,
fruits and vegetable. The coastline extends in the east-west direction and is almost deserted.
The Makran coast lies in the seismic zone. The coastline is deeply indented with bays but its
most characteristic feature is the repeated occurrence of promontories of white clay cliffs
capped with course limestone or shelly breccias, which all approach the table topped form.
The terrain comprises of ground elevation of Makran coast range up to 1,000 meters above
sea level. Pasni is about 0-200 meters above sea level.
Due to the deep sea port, Gwadar District has been developing fast. It has a scenic coastal
highway that originates from district Lasbela and passes through the Gwadar district. The
district has a 620 Kilometers coastline along Arabian Sea. The most significant feature of the
Gwadar District is Gwadar Port, a deep sea warm water port. It is located on the eastern bay
of a natural hammer-head protrusion of land, from the coast, distended into the apex of
Arabian Sea. By virtue of its geographic location and developmental projects, Gwadar is
going to be an advanced and developed coastal city at par with other famous coastal cities
of the world, in the coming years. The terrain of the district is mountainous and consists of
coastal plains and valleys having an elevation ranging from 0 to 930 meters above Mean
Sea Level1.
1 ‘District Development Profile, 2011”, Planning and Development Department, Government of

Balochistan.
4
2.0 Socio-Economic Profile of the District

2.1 Education and Literacy
This section highlights the major characteristics of schooling in the district by providing a
situation analysis in terms of access, equality and quality of primary and secondary
education. Moreover, besides providing the level of adult literacy, school facilities and
physical characteristics are collated to give an idea of the quality of education in the district.
Access to education is generally gauged with reference to the gross and net enrolment
rates, based on the relevant age group. Traditionally in Pakistan, enrolment rates are
calculated on the basis of age group 5-9 years and 10-14 years for primary and secondary
levels of education respectively. Therefore, following the tradition, these age groups are
preferred for documentation of the educational status of children in terms of out-of-schooling
and enrolments in public, private or religious institutions. Access and equality indicators are
derived from Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) surveys, while the
available physical facilities in primary and secondary schools are ascertained from the
Development Statistics of the province.
Table 2.1.1 displays the educational status of children for the 5-9 age group. Overall, about
25 percent children of the primary age group were out of school in the year 2013, while the
corresponding percentage for girls is bout 34. The private school phenomenon does not
exist in the district. Overall, about 3 percent children (4 percent boys and 2 percent girls)
were enrolled in private institutions according to the estimates from household survey
(PSLM, 2013). Moreover, the table reveals no enrollment in either religious or in schools run
by NGOs.
Table 2.1.2 documents the educational status of children in the 10-14 age group. Overall,
about 25 percent (13 percent boys and 46 percent girls) children of the 10-14 age cohort
were not attending school during 2013. Almost all (about 72 percent out of 75 percent) of
students were enrolled in government schools. Moreover, about 3 percent girls’ enrollment in
religious school is also estimated from the PSLM 2013 data.
A summary index “Gender Parity Index (GPI)” is commonly used to assess gender
differences. It is the value of an indicator for girls divided by that for boys. A value of less
than one indicates differences in favor of boys, whereas a value near one indicates that
parity has been more or less achieved. Chart 2.1.1 is developed to document the prevalence
in gender disparities in school enrolment for the children in primary and secondary age
groups respectively. Relatively higher gender disparity is observed in the district as
compared with the province for the school enrolment in the 5-9 age cohort (.62 versus .69).
Similar trend is observed in the secondary school enrolment where the district magnitude of
GPI is low as compared with that estimated for the province (.38 versus 47).
Table 2.1.1
Educational Status of Children of 5-9 Age Group
[2012-13]
Description Overall Boys Girls
Out of School 25.34 19.04 33.72
Enrolled in Public Schools 71.26 76.78 63.93
Enrolled in Private Schools 3.40 4.18 2.35
Enrolled in Religious Schools 0 0 0
Enrolled in Schools Run by NGOs 0 0 0
5
Table 2.1.2
Educational Status of Children of 10-14 Age Group
[2012-13]
Out of School 25.49 12.71 46.09
Enrolled in Public Schools 71.68 85.15 49.96
Enrolled in Private Schools 1.62 2.14 0.78
Enrolled in Religious Schools 1.21 0 3.17
Enrolled in Schools Run by NGOs 0 0 0
Chart – 2.1.1
Gender Parity Index in Primary and Secondary Enrollment
[2012-13]
Gawadar Balochistan
1.00
.80
.60 0.69
0.62
.40 0.47
0.38
.20
.00
5-9 Age Cohort 10-14 Age Cohort
Table 2.1.3 furnishes information regarding number and type of education institutions as well
as number of teachers. These supply-side information are obtained from the provincial
Development Statistics.
Due to data constraints in terms of various indicators of quality inputs, this section only
describes the available physical facilities in schools, which is the most important pillar of
quality input to education. School buildings, drinking water, boundary walls, electricity and
toilets for students are considered basic facilities.
Tables 2.1.4 summarize the extent of available facilities across various levels (primary,
middle and high) of education. Electricity is available in only 27, 33 and 58 percent primary,
middle and high schools respectively. Only about 41 percent primary schools reported the
boundary wall around the school. About 51 percent primary schools have no facility of
drinking water, whereas about 46 percent reported no latrine facility. The situation in middle
and high schools is however comparatively better in terms of some facilities. Electricity is
available in 33 and 58 percent schools respectively, while drinking water and latrine facilities
are also comparatively high. Most importantly, the table reveals that only 17 percent building
are in satisfactory conditions.
According to UNDP Human Development Report (2013), Pakistan has been placed at the
146th position out of 187 countries in terms of the Human Development Index with overall
adult literacy rate of 54.9. Over the years, several non-formal literacy programs were
launched but these suffered from lack of political commitment, adequate financial support,
weak implementation structures and absence of effective supervision and monitoring.
6
Chart 2.1.2 documents the adult (15 plus age cohort) literacy rates for the district. According
to the table, literacy rates in the district are 50 percent for the overall population, with 74
percent for males and 25 percent for females during the year 2012-13. The estimated
corresponding literacy rates for the province are; 42, 61 and 19 for overall, male and female
population respectively.
Table 2.1.3
Teaching Institutions and Staff
[2011]
Teachers
Description Schools
Total Male Female
Primary School 203 344 221 123
Middle School 24 239 163 76
High School 21 496 321 175
Community School 12 13 12 1
Private School 3 13 3 10
Intermediate/Degree College 5 46 36 10
Table 2.1.4
School Facilities and Physical Characteristic – 2011
[Percentage of Schools]
Description Primary Middle High Total
Boundary Wall Exists 40.89 75.00 66.67 47.31
Building Availability 92.12 100.00 66.67 89.62
‘Pacca’ Structure of Schools 69.46 66.67 42.42 65.77
Satisfactory Building Condition 18.23 20.83 6.06 16.92
Electricity Availability 27.09 33.33 57.58 31.54
Drinking Water Availability 51.23 58.33 60.61 53.08
Latrine Availability 46.31 87.50 66.67 52.69
Chart – 2.1.2
Adult Literacy Rate - [2012-13]
80.00
74
60.00
50
40.00
20.00 25
0.00
Overall Male Female
7
2.2 Health
Health is the most important factor which plays the key role in determining the human
capital. Better health improves the efficiency and the productivity of the labor force and thus
ultimately contributes the economic growth and leads to human welfare. On the other hand,
there is a strong relationship between poverty and the poor health.
Health status of a region may be evaluated in terms of either input indicators (doctors,
institutions etc.) or output indicators (Infant Mortality, Maternal Mortality, Life Expectancy
etc.). Unfortunately, district-wise data on output indicators are not available in Pakistan from
either published or unpublished materials. The latest Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey
(MICS) which conducted in 2010 in the province, although reports district-wise various
indicators, but data on district-wise morality rates and life expectancy are not provided.
Therefore, to give an idea about the health status in the target districts, data on maximum
possible input indicators are collated in the following tables.
A rough sketch on child health is furnished in Table 2.2.1. Only about 55 percent children in
the 12-23 months age cohort reported fully immunized according to recall and record
method, while the corresponding percentage is even low (21 percent) in household which
provided records of immunization. It is encouraging that almost all households are reported
the use of ORS for the treatment of diarrhea and consultation with physician. No gender
discrimination is evident from the data.
Few indicators of maternal health care are compiled in Table 2.2.2. The information in the
table reveal that about 53 percent reported having Tetanus Toxoid Injection, while the
percentage is comparatively low (46 percent) in case of rural population. While the
significant percentage of women reported pre-natal care, only about 30 percent pertinent
women confirmed post-natal consultation. The situation in terms of child delivery is also
miserable. Child delivery at home is reported by about 50 percent households of rural areas.
The corresponding percentage for urban population is about 29.
Numbers of health institutions in the district during the year 2011-12 are collated in Table
2.2.3, while strength of health staff in the district is depicted in Table 2.2.4. A gloomy picture
is evident in term of the strength of district in providing health facilities. Only 9 doctors and 2
nurses are available for one hundred thousand (‘lakh’) populations, according to the
statistics provided by the provincial official publications.
Table 2.2.1
Status of Child Health –- Percentages
[2012-13]
Children (12-23 Months) – Fully Immunized
Record Only 21 21 21
Recall and Record 55 58 49
Diarrhea in Children Under 5
Physician Consulted 100 100 100
Treatment of Diarrhea – ORS 100 100 100
8
Table 2.2.2
Status of Maternal Health – Percentage of Women
[2012-13]
Description Overall Urban Rural
Have Received Tetanus Toxoid Injection 53 62 46
Pre-Natal Consultations 65 83 52
Child Delivery at Home 41 29 50
Post-Natal Consultations 30 48 17
Table 2.2.3
Health Institutions
[2011-12]
Description
Hospital 3
Dispensary 14
Rural Health Centre 3
Basic Health Units 23
Maternal and Child Health Centre 3
TB Clinic 1
Table 2.2.4
Health Staffs
[2011-12]
Per One Hundred
Description Numbers
Thousand population
Doctors 26 9
Nurses 7 2
Paramedics 97 33
2.3 Housing Quality and Housing Services
It is of interest to assess the means and standards of living directly provided by government
and those that are acquired by the household. Shelter is one of the basic needs, and housing
conditions are one of the key determinants of the quality of life.
To observe the access to housing facilities, three indicators are used viz., proportion of
households using electricity, cooking gas and tap water, while quality of housing stock is
evaluated in terms of material used in wall and roof and type of toilet in the house. All these
information are obtained at the household level from the household survey (PSLM) and thus
truly reflect the conditions of living standard in the district.
Information regarding the type of material used in roof are displayed in Table 2.3.1. The table
reveals that about 56 percent households (35 percent urban and 73 percent rural) reported
inadequate (wood) roof material. Iron and Garder are used in about 27 percent of rural
household, whereas 11 percent urban households reported RCC/RBC roofing.
In terms of material used in wall, the majority (59 percent) households reported the use of mud
bricks or mud (Table 2.3.2). The corresponding percentage for rural areas is 81. Burnt bricks
or blocks are used in about 18 and 69 percent of rural and urban households respectively.
9
Information regarding the type of toilet used by household are furnished in Table 2.3.3. About
22 percent rural households reported unavailability toilet facility in the house. Even in urban
areas, about 1 percent households do not have in-house toilet facility. The table also reveals
that bulk of households reported the use of non-flush toilet.
About 83 percent households of the district are connected with the grid and use electricity for
lighting purposes as evident from the Table 2.3.4. However, sharp rural-urban differences
exist. About 99 and 69 percent households reported the use of electricity in urban and rural
areas respectively. Moreover, about 23 percent rural households reported non-traditional
(candle, wood etc.) sources for lighting.
Table 2.3.5 furnishes information regarding the sources of cooking fuel. Wood and charcoal
are the main sources of cooking fuel according to the table. About 66 percent of urban and
rural households use either wood or charcoal. Although the PSLM data do not provide the
separate estimates of the use of wood and charcoal, it is perhaps reasonable to believe that
use of wood is dominant due to relatively very low cost as compared with coal.
The provision of safe drinking water is an important part of planning for the healthy
population. Table 2.3.6 displays sources of drinking water in the district with urban-rural
division. About 29 percent households fetch water from unsafe sources (uncovered water
reservoirs and dug well). The corresponding percentage for rural areas is 52. The source of
tap water is reported by 46 percent households; 73 and 26 in urban and rural areas
respectively.
Table 2.3.1
Material Used in Roof - Percentage of Household
[2012-13]
RCC, RBC 5 11 0
Iron, Cement 0 0 0
Garder, T-Iron 39 54 27
Wood etc. 56 35 73
Table 2.3.2
Wall Structure – Percentage of Households
[2012-13]
Burnt Brick- Blocks 40 69 18
Mud Bricks/ MUD 59 31 81
Wood etc. 1 0 1
Table 2.3.3
Type of Toilet – Percentage of Households
[2012-13]
Flush 30 65 2
Non-Flush 58 34 76
No Toilet 13 1 22
10
Table 2.3.4
Source of Lighting – Percentage of Households
[2012-13]
Electricity 83 99 69
Oil 5 1 8
Other 12 0 23
Table 2.3.5
Cooking Fuel – Percentage of Households
[2012-13]
Gas/Oil 18 7 26
Wood/Charcoal 66 66 66
Other 16 27 8
Table 2.3.6
Source of Drinking Water – Percentage of Households
[2012-13]
Tap Water 46 73 26
Hand Pump 0 0 1
Motor Pump 24 27 22
Dug Well 17 0 30
Other (Uncovered) 12 0 22
2.4 Transport and Communication
Roads, transportation and telecommunication network have a significant impact on

socialization and modernization. Three indicators have been considered to portray the level of
development of the transport and communication sector in a district; road mileage per 100
square kilometers of geographical area, availability of public and private transport and vehicles
and number of telephone and internet connections per one hundred thousand persons. These
indicators, depicted in the Table 2.4.1, are estimated from the latest published data of the
provincial Development Statistics.
Table 2.4.1
Indicators of Communication
[2011-12]
Per one Hundred
Description Numbers
Thousand Population
Number of Connections
Landline 1498 504
V-Phone 477 161
Broadband 1296 436
Per ’000’
Road Kilometers
Sq. Km
Black Topped 331 21.8
Shingle 934 61.4
Total 165 10.9
11
Table 2.4.1
Indicators of Communication
[2011-12]
Per one Hundred
Description Numbers
Thousand Population
Motor Vehicles Registered
Public Service Vehicles 2
Private Vehicles 88
Government Goods Vehicles 11
Private Goods Vehicles 2
Others 81
Total Vehicles 184
The table reveals that about 504 and 161 persons out of one lakh (one hundred thousand)
population were connected with PTCL landline and V-Phone respectively during the year
2011-12. About 1296 broadband connections are also reported which is equivalent to 436
persons per one lakh population.
About 22 and 61 kilometer mettled (black topped) and Shingle road respectively is available
out of one thousand kilometer of geographical area respectively.
2.5 Population and Employed Labor Force
The characteristics of employed force are important to understand economic structure and
potentials of any region. This section provides information with respect to distribution of
labor force into sectors, occupational group and working status.
The population of district is projected using inter-census (1981-1988) growth rate. According
to the Table 2.5.1, the estimated current population of the district is about 2 lakh (0.297
million) with an average growth rate of about 3 percent per annum. Although population
growth rate seems high, but in the absence of any reliable reference this growth rate is used
for the projection. It is perhaps of interest to know that UNICEF has also used this growth
rate while compiling Balochistan’s district profiles for the year 2010. About 0.113 million
persons are estimated as active labor force by applying crude activity rate of Balochistan.
The distribution of employed labor force by major economic sectors is furnished in Table
2.5.2. The table reveals that agriculture sector absorbs major labor force. About 33 percent
employment is recorded in this sector during 2012-13 (PSLM survey). Whereas about 40
percent employed labor force work in the agriculture sector in the rural areas of the district.
Trade sector is the next largest employment provider; which absorbs about 24 percent (31 in
urban and 19 in rural) employed labor force. About 11 percent of the urban employed labor
force is absorbed in the construction sector, while service sector provide employment to
about 30 percent of employed labor force.
Table 2.5.3 reports distribution of labor force in the major occupational groups. About 19
percent rural labor force is working in the occupational group ‘Skilled Agriculture and
Fisheries Workers’, while about 9 percent urban labor force is also reported employed as
skilled agriculture and fisheries workers. About 5 percent labor is employed as craft and
related trade workers.
Wage employee constitute the largest group with respect to work status of employed labor
force. According to Table 2.5.4, about 54 and 56 percent labor force is working as employee.
This is followed by self-employed (own-account workers) group with an estimates of 41 and
26 for urban and rural areas respectively. Only 11 percent owner cultivators in rural areas
12
are evident from the table, while the percentage of labor force working as sharecropper is
about 2. The table also reveals that 7 percent of employed labor force is linked with the
livestock profession in rural areas.
Table 2.5.1
Estimated Population
[Thousand]
1998 – Census 185 100 85
2010 – Projected 265 143 122
2014 – Projected 297 160 137
Growth Rate [1998-2014] 2.96 2.94 2.98
Table 2.5.2
Percentage of Employed Labor Force by Major Sectors
[2012-13]
Agriculture 32.77 23.94 39.74
Mining - - -
Manufacturing 2.48 2.73 2.27
Construction 9.46 10.57 8.59
Trade 24.45 31.16 19.16
Other Service Sectors 30.84 31.60 30.24
Table 2.5.3
Percentage of Employed Labor Force by Major Occupational Group
[2012-13]
Elementary (Unskilled Workers) 32.45 40.02 26.48
Clerks/Sales Workers 9.39 13.08 6.47
Skilled Agriculture and Fisheries Workers 18.74 8.60 26.74
Craft and Related Trade Workers 4.18 4.14 4.22
Other 35.23 34.16 36.08
Table 2.5.4
Employment Status – [2012-13]
[Percentage of Employed Persons]
Employer 0.17 - 0.30
Self Employed 32.60 41.52 25.56
Wage Employee 53.65 56.44 51.45
Un-Paid Family Worker -
Owner cultivator 6.64 2.04 10.28
Sharecropper 2.32 - 4.15
Contract cultivator 0.45 - 0.80
Livestock 4.17 - 7.46
13
2.6 Livelihood Sources
Sources of livelihood represent the economic base of the district. Various features of
agriculture, livestock, mining and forestry are compiled in this section, while district-wise
manufacturing and fisheries data is not available.
The land utilization statistics in terms of cultivated, cropped and irrigated areas is furnished
in Table 2.6.1. Accordingly, the district shares are about .1, .2 and .4 percent in the province
respectively, while the share of geographical area is about 4 percent. As evident in the
table, Karezes/Spring tube-wells are the major source of irrigation with about 96 percent
share in total irrigated areas.
Major crops with a share of at least 10 percent of cropped area of the district are shown in
the Table 2.6.2. With the largest share in the cropped area, dates is sown on 1702 hectares.
This is followed by Mangoes (206 hectares) and Citrus (113 hectares). Coconuts is also an
important crop which is sown on about 92 hectares.
The numbers and share of agricultural machinery reflect the extent of modernization of
agriculture. These information are collated in Table 2.6.3. Only tractors and bulldozers are
reported as agriculture machinery. About 77 tractors are available per on thousand cropped
area, while the share of bulldozers is about 13 percent.
Livestock is also important source of livelihood in rural areas. Table 2.6.4 displays the
availability of various livestock per one thousand rural households. The table reveals that
Goats, Sheep and cattle are the major type of livestock in the district.
Table 2.6.5 reports the area under the control of Forest Department of the province. The
table reveals that the district has about 0.08 million acres forest area which is only 3 percent
of the provincial forest area.
Table 2.6.1
Land Utilization Statistics
[2011-12]
As percent of
Description (Hectares)
the Province
Geographical Area 1263700 3.6
Cultivated Area 2349 0.1
Cropped Area 2349 0.2
Irrigated Area 4590 0.4
Sources of Irrigation
Canal 0 0
Wells 184 0.0
Tube Wells 1514 0.3
Karezes/Springs 2892 0.4
14
Table 2.6.2
Area and Production of Major Crops
[2011-12]
Area Production
Description
[Hectares] [Tonnes]
Crops
Mangoes 206 600
Citrus 113 609
Guava 78 429
Dates 1702 8346
Coconuts 92 626
Rabi Fodders 15 553
Note: Those crops are included which are sow on least 10 percent of the total cropped area.
Table 2.6.3
Agriculture Machinery
[2011-12]
As percent of ‘000’
Description Numbers
cropped area
Tractors 181 77
Bulldozers 31 13
Table 2.6.4
Population of Livestock
[2011-12]
Per thousand Rural
Description Numbers
Households
Cattle 17145 652
Buffalo 82 3
Sheep 20074 763
Goats 101003 3840
Camel 1544 59
Horse 15 1
Mule 30 1
Asses 4567 174
Poultry (Non-Commercial) 60061 2283
Table 2.6.5
Area Under the Control of Forest Department
[2011-12]
As percent of
Description (Acers)
the Province
Scrub Forest 35840 2.5
Coastal Forest 40840 96.5
Total 76680 2.8
15
3.0 Law & Order

The district of Gwadar comprises of two main law enforcement agencies, the police and
levies for controlling law & order. The levies are responsible for police function in the rural
areas and comprises of local tribes man. Most of the urban/town area is covered by the
police stations. In terms of human resource, there are 633 police personnel in the this district
comprising of Senior Superintendent (SP), superintendent, 4, station house offices (SHOs),
33 Sub-Inspectors (SIs) , 44 Assistant Sub-Inspectors (ASI) and 177 Constables.
16
4.0 Conflict Management

In the district of Gwadar women has a better standing compared to other districts in the
province. Few women in the area are equipped with the skill of embroidery but only use
them for in house use. There are various programme established which provide training to
women for different skills. The question still remains unanswered whether the women have
been successful in getting employment or any rise in income level due to these programmes.
Most of the women take equal responsibility in household affairs. Elderly women have a high
status compared to others in maintaining household relation and especially the affairs of the
children. When it comes to marriage of a child, women of the house has a significant say in
it. Women in Gwadar also have the freedom to enjoy at the picnic spots with their families
and male counterparts.
17
5.0 The Role of Women

There are various reasons for conflicting scenario in this district. Some of them are
combination of nationalists’ insurgency, sectarian related militancy, Taliban presence, target
killings and criminal activities. The political influence and undemocratic culture, lack of social
development have caused a grave deal of political instability. Hough there have been certain
ethnic issues with the Balochis, there has not been any religious disputes among other
sects.
Another issue that results in conflicts in the region is the conflicting national identity
perspectives. Under representation of the Baloch community at the national level,
grievances over lack of political and fiscal autonomy etc. Given the development of a
seaport in Gwadar its unique geographic location and its significance are a major cause of
conflicts.
5.1 Tribal Conflict and local Economy
Few common tribes known in Gwadar are Kauhda’s, Meers, Kalmati, Dashti and Rind.
Groups such as Al Qaeda, Taliban, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi and Jundullah have an active
presence in the province2. Free movement across the Pak-Afghan border, presence of a
large Pakhtun community in Balochistan that shares the ethnicity and religion of a
substantial part of the population in Afghanistan, an extensive network of Deobandi
madrassas and the Afghan refugee camps in the province are some of the key support and
recruitment factors for Taliban.
2 Conflict and Insecurity in Balochistan: Assessing Strategic Policy Options for Peace and Security
18
6.0 Social Mobilization

Baluchistan is widely acknowledged to be the poorest province of Pakistan. It covers
around one-half of the land area of the country, but accounts for just 5 percent of the
total population. Its economic development faces severe challenges in terms of water
scarcity, persistent drought, remoteness, and under-developed infrastructure. In addition
its political history is dominated by insurgencies and counter-insurgencies, and perpetual
public mistrust in the federal development policies.
In 2002, Balochistan carried out a participatory poverty and assessment (PPA) survey
that came up with four major recommendations. These were increasing access and
control over natural resources for people, protecting vulnerable segments of society,
ending discrimination based on race, tribe, caste and gender and ensuring equal access
to justice irrespective of social or economic status and gender. Some of the projects are
mentioned below
1. National Rural Support Program – NRSP has a strong presence in Pakistan and
currently operating in 56 districts. In Balochistan NRSP established a regional office
in Turbat in 1993. This regional office now covers Turbat, Gwadar, Lasbela, Awaran
and Panjgur.
2. Community Based Management for Acute Malnutrition - Society for Community

Action Process (SCAP)
3. Baluchistan Community Development Program
Other than the above mentioned, HANDS, UNICEF, etc are also operating in the district.
19
7.0 Important Institutions

7.1 Important Institutions & Stakeholders
The district government includes the district administration, and is responsible to the people
and the provincial government for improving governance and service delivery of services.
Among the Civil Society Organizations, The National Rural Support Programme (NRSP)
established itself and set up field offices at Gwadar and Pasni, with 121 community
organizations, based on community mobilization and skill development.
7.2 Financial Institutions in the District (names plus microfinance projects /

status)
Some of the commercial banks located in the districts are Allied Bank Ltd (ABL), Habib Bank
Ltd (HBL), Muslim Commercial Bank (MCB), Summit Bank, National Bank of Pakistan
(NBP), Pak Oman Bank and Tameer Micro Finance Bank. Agricultural Development Bank of
Pakistan is the only development bank operating in the district.
20
8.0 Environmental Analysis

Gwadar District is the largest coastal district in Pakistan, strategically located about 400 kms
from the straits of Hormuz. Gwadar Port is adjacent to the entrance of the Persian Gulf
which is the main route for shipping and tankers carrying oil to most parts of the world. 3 The
district is bound in the north by Kech and Awaran, on the east by Lasbela, on the south by
the Arabian Sea and on the west by Iran. The coast is low, with white high sand hills with
bushes of grass in some places and or a strip of very low sand with extensive salt water and
mangrove swamps behind it. There are a few good harbours in the District. The main ports
are Jiwani, Gwadar, Pasni, and Ormara. Being a coastal district the sea provides livelihood
to a vast number of fishermen, and thus make them dependent on the resources of the sea.
A situational analysis of Gwadar4 identifies environmental issues as the degradation of
marine resources due to unrestricted use of gujja nets, and bottom trawling which threaten
endangered species. The Mekran coast is also one of the most earthquake prone active
regions in Pakistan, as it is located over a major sub duction zone.
Land, Climate and water: Climate in Gwadar is hot and dry in a warm summer and mild
winter temperate zone. The climate is arid with erratic rainfall. The sea breeze keeps the
temperature in summer lower, and in winter higher than the hinterland. However, the
increasing influence of climate change and the rise in sea level in other parts of the world,
may also affect low lying areas such as Gwadar. Land is an important natural resource of
the District, but since water for irrigation and potable needs are scarce, vast tracts are not
suitable for cultivation 5. Water in most areas of Gwadar the ground water is saline. Rain and
flood water collected in large ponds and wells are based on seepage from these ponds and
is the main source of drinking water in the district. With the construction of the Ankra and
Saji dams the supply of potable water has increased in the last ten years. But this means
that drinking water is an issue for the people of Gwadar, and the management of water is
crucial to the development of the district.
Forests, Fisheries and Wildlife: Forest resources are few, apart from two large areas of
mangrove forest along the coast, limited rangeland and scattered trees are found in many
areas of the district. Some of the world’s finest wetlands are along the coast of Gwadar.
Three sites which have been declared as Wetlands of international importance under the
Ramsar Convention are the Jiwani coast mangrove forest, the island of Astola and the
Ormara Turtle beaches, which are the habitat of the endangered Olive Ridley and Green
Turtles. Fishing is the predominant livelihood in Gwadar. Almost 90% of the district’s labour
force is employed in fishing and its related activities. 6 The volume of catch varies during
different times of the year. Fishing is a family occupation and the craft is passed on from one
generation to the next. Operational costs on larger boats consist of fuel, food, ice, and other
supplies provided by the owner, and fish in the deep sea within the Extended Economic
Zone (EEZ).
3 Government of Balochistan and IUCN 2007, Gwadar: Integrated Development Vision, IUCN
Pakistan, Quetta, Pakistan, 2007.
4 Ibid
5 Ibid
6 Government of Balochistan and IUCN 2007, Gwadar: Integrated Development Vision, IUCN
Pakistan, Quetta, Pakistan, 2007.

21
9.0 Selection of Union Councils for Poverty Survey

The objective of the proposed intervention by PPAF is to reduce poverty and improve quality
of life of people living in the identified or targeted Union Councils. According to the TORs of
the project, three UCs would be selected for the investment intervention in each target
district. The TORs also narrates that the specific intention of the project is to strengthen
community institutions leading to increased empowerment of local communities and effective
creation of livelihood opportunities for community groups.
Thus four criteria’s are considered in the selection of UCs for the intervention:
 first the presence of PPAF in the UC
 second, the extent of existing social mobilization of the community which is represented
by the number of community organizations including common interest groups
 third, the cluster will be formed based on the close vicinity of these UCs, and
 four the prevailing law & order situation of the these UCs so that the activities can be
executed with ease
Table 9.1 is arranged according to the strength (numbers) of community organizations

including common interest groups in the district. The table reveals information regarding
various factors considered in the selection exercise. Following UCs of the district are
recommended for PPAF intervention.
Estimated Estimated
District Union Councils Population Households
[2014] [2014]
Ormara 11739 2668
Gwadar
Jiwani 22546 3758
22
District Profile Gwader Situation Analysis & Baseline Surveys for Poverty Reduction through Rural Development in KPK, FATA & Baluchistan
Table 9.1
Factors Considered in the Selection Exercise of Union Councils
[District – Gwadar]
Cos
Average PPAF Projects Recommended for
Name of UC Including Beneficiaries
Level of Deprivation Priority Including Assets Transferred PPAF Intervention
Common Interest Groups
Ormara 68 3 94 0 128 Recommended
Kalag 79 3 61 0 0
Nilnat 79 3 60 0 0
Gwadar 54 3 58 0 0
Hud 51 3 55 0 256
Suntser 85 3 43 0 0
Peshukan 80 3 33 0 0
Pasni 39 3 25 0 0
Jiwani 76 0 0 0 0 Recommended
Jiwani 65 0 0 0 0
Priority 0 = Not Covered by PPAF

1 = Lowest HDI Index and Food Security
2 = Low HDI Index and Food Security
3 = Moderate HDI Index and Food Security
4 = Good HDI Index and Food Security
23

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Situation Analysis & Baseline Surveys For Poverty Reduction

through Rural Development in KPK, FATA & Balochistan

Empowerment Performance Result

District Gwader – Major Characteristics...................................................................... 2

1.0 District Geography ................................................................................................ 4

2.0 Socio-Economic Profile of the District ................................................................. 5

2.1 Education and Literacy ..................................................................................... 5

2.3 Housing Quality and Housing Services............................................................. 9

2.4 Transport and Communication ....................................................................... 11

2.5 Population and Employed Labor Force........................................................... 12

2.6 Livelihood Sources ......................................................................................... 14

3.0 Law & Order ......................................................................................................... 16

4.0 Conflict Management .......................................................................................... 17

5.0 The Role of Women ............................................................................................. 18

5.1 Tribal Conflict and local Economy .................................................................. 18

6.0 Social Mobilization .............................................................................................. 19

7.0 Important Institutions .......................................................................................... 20

7.1 Important Institutions & Stakeholders ............................................................. 20

7.2 Financial Institutions in the District (names plus microfinance projects/status) 20

8.0 Environmental Analysis ...................................................................................... 21

9.0 Selection of Union Councils for Poverty Survey ............................................... 22

District Gwader – Major Characteristics

District Headquarter: Gwadar Town

Climate The climate of Gwadar is hot and humid

Livestock Head Per thousand Rural

Head of Household Work Status:

1.0 District Geography

1 ‘District Development Profile, 2011”, Planning and Development Department, Government of

2.0 Socio-Economic Profile of the District

2.3 Housing Quality and Housing Services

2.4 Transport and Communication

Roads, transportation and telecommunication network have a significant impact on

2.5 Population and Employed Labor Force

2.6 Livelihood Sources

3.0 Law & Order

4.0 Conflict Management

5.0 The Role of Women

5.1 Tribal Conflict and local Economy

6.0 Social Mobilization

2. Community Based Management for Acute Malnutrition - Society for Community

3. Baluchistan Community Development Program

7.0 Important Institutions

7.2 Financial Institutions in the District (names plus microfinance projects /

8.0 Environmental Analysis

Pakistan, Quetta, Pakistan, 2007.

9.0 Selection of Union Councils for Poverty Survey

Table 9.1 is arranged according to the strength (numbers) of community organizations

Priority 0 = Not Covered by PPAF

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