Call Flow

4 rth February 2015

2015 © Samsung Electronics 1

 Table of contents
 Network Elements
 Network Overview
 Scenarios
 VoLTE Basics
 VoLTE Call Flow

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 Network Architecture

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 ENB – Interface and Protocol
The Protocols that run between UE and
eNB are called Access Stratum Protocols or
AS Protocols
The Protocols that run between UE and
Core Network are called as NAS Protocols
or Non Access Stratum Protocols

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 MME – Interface and Protocol

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 MME – Interface and Protocol

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 SAE GW – Interface and Protocol

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 SAE GW – Interface and Protocol

• IP Packet is tunneled between P GW and UE using GPRS Tunneling Protocol GTP

• Each Bearer has associated QCI
• Each QCI has GBR/ Non GBR, Priority, packet delay , Packet Error Rate defined
• PCRF decides the Bearer Type
• P GW performs the DHCP functionality = allocates IP addresses to each UE
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 VoLTE – Logical Architecture
ENUM – Electronic Number Mapping System
To translate a telephone number into IP address

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 VoLTE – Logical Architecture

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 RJIL Network Overview

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LTE reference model

NODE DESCRIPTIONS

eNB Radio interfaces and radio resource management.

Radio bearer control/radio admission control/scheduling of uplink & downlink/
IP header compression and encryption of the user plane data/eNB handover(X2)/pooling
between MMEs and eNBs(S1, many-to-many relations)

MME LTE related control plane signaling

Mobility and security functions for devices attaching over the LTE RAN/Management of all the
terminals in idle mode including Tracking Area management and paging.
S-GW Anchoring point for intra-LTE and between GSM/GPRS, WCDMA/HSPA and LTE/ Accounting
functions for inter-operator charging and billing settlements.
P-GW Interconnection point to external IP networks. IP address allocation/charging/packet
filtering/policy-based control of user-specific IP flows
PCRF Policy and Charging Rules Function Flow based charging, including e.g., online credit control and
policy control including service authorization and QoS management.
OCS/OFCS Online Charging System / Offline Charging System

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RJIL Network Architecture(LTE)

SAE-GW = S-GW + P-GW

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 Regional Sites (8 Super Core) Setup

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14
 Child Circle Parenting with Regional Sites
 Haryana Circle EPC Nodes connecting to Delhi Super Core Nodes and its Geo Mate Kolkata
Super Core Nodes.
 Similarly, Assam Circle EPC Nodes connecting to Kolkata Super Core Nodes and its Geo Mate
Delhi Super Core Nodes.

Child Circle

Local Circle

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15
Basic VoLTE Network Architecture

IP PSTN
Network PLMN
LTE Network
HSS
EPC Network
PCRF SGW MGW
HSS
eNB MME
ENUM
MNP MGCF
S-GW P-GW

CSCF IP-SM-
SBC VCC
GW
ePDG
MRF TAS

eNB IMS Network

WiFi AP

SBC : Session Border Controller

CSCF : Call Session Control Function
VCC : Voice Call Continuity
TAS : Telephony Application Server
IP-SM-GW : IP-Short Message-Gateway
EPC MGCF : Media Gateway Control Function
MGW : Media GateWay
IMS (Minimum Set for VoLTE) SGW : Signaling GateWay
MRF : Media Resource Function
IMS HSS : Home Subscriber Server
MNP : Mobile Number Portability

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RJIL Network Architecture(IMS)

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PDN Connectivity & Attach
PDN connectivity a type of IP connection including QoS, charging, mobility, security, policy control
aspects, as such it is differentiated from the mere IP connection.
APN(Access Point Name): a character string that contains a reference to the PDN where the desired
services are available. The corresponding PGW is selected by the network based on the given APN.

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QCI table

Dedicate
d
bearer

Persistent
Dedicated
bearer

Default
bearer

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NW Architecture - Voice/Video Call over LTE
IMS
Network

TAS
LTE/EPC QoS control
Network
(Voice/Video service
Dedicated bearer MME PCRF info) CSCF
for media
SIP Signaling
Voice (QCI 1)
SAE RTP
UE eNB
Video (QCI 2) GW Voice/Video BGW

Bearer
Use the same architecture/procedure/protocol with VoLTE Traffic
– SIP for Signaling using default bearer with QCI-5
Difference with VoLTE
– Usage of two dedicated bearers
– One for voice (QCI-1) and the other for video (QCI-2)
– Codec used for video : H.264 (H.263 also used in normal commercial network)

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 Network Identities

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 Identities Used in LTE - GUTI
 GUTI – Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity - is assigned only by the MME during
initial attach of a UE to the E-UTRAN – masks the true identity of the subscriber
 GUTI provides an unambiguous identification of the UE that does not revel the UE’s
permanent identity. It also allows identification of the MME and Network to which
UE attaches
 GUTI has to main components - GUMMEI Globally Unique Mobility management
Entity Identifier and the M –TMSI that uniquely identifies the UE within the MME
 For paging, the mobile is paged with the S-TMSI which is a shorter version of GUTI
 On the S1 Interface, the IMSI is typically not seen just like the GUTI. Exceptions are
initial attach when no old GUTI is stored on the USIM card or in paging procedure

2015 © Samsung Electronics 22

 Identities Used in LTE - RNTI
 RNTI – Radio Network Temporary Identifier
 RNTI is signaled in the MAC Layer. When MAC uses the PDCCH to indicate radio
resource allocation, the RNTI is mapped on the PDCCH depends on the logical channel
type -
 C- RNTI : Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier for Dedicated Control Channel
(DCCH and DTCH). It defines which data sent in DL belongs to a particular subscriber – all RRC
messages are marked with same C RNTI for a subscriber
 P- RNTI : Paging Radio Network Temporary Identifier for Paging Control Channel (PCCH) is
derived from IMSI. It does not refer to a particular UE but to a group of UEs.
 RA- RNTI : Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier for Random Access Response
(RAR) on DL-SCH – assigned to particular UE and is contained in the response from eNode B
for PRACH. The UE then uses this RA- RNTI to send RRC Connection Request
 Temporary C-RNTI for Common Control Channel (CCCH) during random access procedure
 SI- RNTI : System Information Radio Network Temporary Identifier for Broadcast Control
Channel (BCCH) – sent on PDCCH - it signals to all UEs where SIBs are found on PDSCH

RNTI Values

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 LTE Identities

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 Bearers

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 LTE Identifiers

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 UE Temporary ID’s at different interfaces

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 S1AP Interface
 In between eNB and MME, the User can be identified using the S1AP ID’s.
 eNB-UE-S1AP ID is the S1AP ID terminating at the eNB side
 MME-UE-S1AP ID is the S1AP ID terminating at the MME Side.

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 GTP Teid’s
 GTP-C Teid’s (S11 MME GTPC Teid and S11/S4 SGW GTPC Teid) are used as the control
plane teid’s at MME and GW respectively.
 GTP-U Teid’s(S1-U eNB GTPU Teid and S1-U SGW GTPU Teid) are used as the user
plane teid’s at eNB and GW respectively.

2014 © Samsung Electronics 29

 Diameter Session ID
 Gx Diameter Session Id can be used to identify the diameter packets related to a
particular subscriber session.
 Gx diameter session Id will be created when the session is created for the subscriber
and will stay till the session is available.

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 Scenarios

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 Packet Data Flow in LTE

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 IMS (Schematic Architecture)

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 3G UMTS Interworking

S3 : MME to SGSN
S4: SGW to SGSN

1. LTE natively supports VoIP only using IMS services

2. LTE also supports CSFB Circuit Switched Fallback mechanism which allows CS voice calls
to be handled via legacy RAT (Radio Access Technology) for UEs that are camped on LTE
3. This is supported by SGs interface between MME and MSC. This allows the UE to attach
to the MSC and register for CS services while still in LTE. It also carries paging messages
from the MSC so that UE can be paged over LTE
4. The Network may choose a handover, cell change order or redirection procedure to
move UE to the legacy RAT
5. The UE moves to CS services on initiating a CS voice call
2015 © Samsung Electronics 34
 CSFB and SRVCC
 CSFB is a solution for networks that do not have support for IMS VoIP.
 The Voice Calls are handled by the CS domain and the UE is handed over at the time of a
voice call. The MME maps the Tracking Area to the Location Area.
 Challenge is Call Set Up delay
 SRVCC is a solution for converting and handing over an IMS VoIP call to a CS voice call
without interrupting the call when coverage of LTE is not there with handover interruption
time of less than 300 ms
 SRVCC is a one way handover from LTE to UTRAN/GERAN and the UE may return to LTE
when reaching idle state
 The solution relies on running only one radio at a time i.e. the UE may not communicate
with both the Networks.
 In this solution the MME is connected to the MSC via a Sv interface which is used for
control signaling in the SRVCC handover
 SVLTE Simultaneous Voice and LTE – handset works simultaneously in LTE and circuit
switched mode – LTE provides data services and circuit switched mode providing voice
services – the mobile phone has high power consumption as two radios run together
 One additional approach not initiated by operators is usage of OTT services Over the Top
Content Services like Skype / Google Talk

Additional Interfaces required for

2015interworking
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 OTT and VoLTE
 Over the Top (OTT) communication solutions such as Skype
 cannot provide fully satisfactory user experience as there are no QoS measures in place
 There is no handover mechanism to circuit switched network
 No wide spread interoperability of services between different OTT services and devices
 No guaranteed emergency support or security measures
 Cannot provide services like HD Voice
 VoLTE has the following advantages -
 Operators can make use of wider capabilities of IP based networks to deliver high capacity
and inter operable communication services
 Can provide HD Voice, Video calling, HD conferencing, IP messaging and contact
management
 Can provide guaranteed end to end QoS, support for emergency services and regulatory
services, global interoperability and mobility, interconnect and international roaming
 Can have fallback options to circuit switched networks

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 Message Flow for CSFB Call

Figure shows message flow for a CSFB call from LTE to UMTS including paging from the
MSC via the SGs interface and MME for UE terminated calls and the sending of an
Extended Service Request NAS message from the UE to the MME to trigger either a
handover or redirection to the target RAT for UE originated call.

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 CSFB

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 SRVCC

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 E UTRAN Connections

Connections after handover to

UTRAN/GERAN

Connections via E-UTRAN

Figure also shows the reference points for inter RAT handover between E-UTRAN,
UTRAN and GERAN

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 SRVCC Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
 If ubiquitous coverage of LTE is not available, it is possible that a UE involved in VoIP call
over LTE might then move out of LTE coverage to enter legacy RAT which offers CS voice
services
 The SRVCC is designed for handover of a PS Packet Switched VoIP Call over LTE to a CS
voice call involving the transfer of a PS bearer into a CS bearer
 The eNode B detects UE is moving out of LTE coverage and triggers a handover
 SRVCC is used for handover from PS VoIP Call to CS Voice Call

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 E-UTRAN with roaming

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 VoLGA
 VoLGA – Voice over LTE via Generic Access Standards
 Most Operators preferred VOLTE
 The lack of software support in initial LTE devices as well as core network devices led to a
number of carriers promoting VoLGA as an interim solution
 The idea was to use same principles as GAN Generic Access Network also known as UMA
or unlicensed mobile access which defines the protocols through which a mobile handset
can perform voice calls over a customers private internet connection usually over
wireless LAN
 VoLGA however never gained much support because VoLTE promises much more flexible
services

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 WiFi Calling
 WiFi Calling needs to be enabled both in the device and in the network
 New integrated functionality in the EPC with the ePDG Evolved Packet Data Gateway
in needed to allow untrusted non-3GPP accesses to interwork with the EPC and
connect to the IMS Network
 The ePDG provides security mechanism such as IPsec tunneling of connections

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 Video Calls over LTE
 Video Calling

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 SMS Over LTE
 There are two options to deliver SMS services over LTE via the existing Short Message
Service Center SMS-C
 SMS over SGs – the device sends and retrieves circuit switched based SMS messages - uses
SGs interface between MSC and MME. The device will not fall back to GSM/WCDMA while
sending or receiving messages. For SMs over SGs the existing roaming/interconnect
agreements may be reused.
 SMS over IP - the device sends and retrieves SIP packet switched SMS messages - the
solution requires an SMS client that uses IMS and SIP stack , an IP Short Message Gateway
(IP SM-GW)

SMS over IP
SMS is encapsulated & routed via IMS

SMS over SGs

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 IPsec
 The IP version can be IPv4 or IPv6
 In case of VPN traffic IPsec will be used
 The applications on top of IP in the user plane stack are all protocols of the TCP/IP
suite such as File Transfer Protocol FTP, HTTP (web browsing), POP3/SMTP (for e-mail)
and Real Time Transport Protocol RTP and SIP for real time services like VoIP
 While IPsec is used decoding of TCP/UDP frames is not possible due to ciphering used
by IPsec

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 VoLTE Basics

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 IMS Connectivity

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 On Net Call

SCFX

PCFX

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 Off Net Voice Call

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 Emergency Call Flow

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 On Net SMS

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 Off Net SMS

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 VoLTE Requirements

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 VoLTE Ecosystem Requirements

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 VoLTE Ecosystem Requirements (Contd)

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 VoLTE Requirements

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 User Identities in IMS Network

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 Bearer Mapping

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 SIP Cause Codes

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 SIP Cause Codes (Contd)

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 SIP Cause Codes (Contd)

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 Attach Procedure

T300
starts

T300
stops

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 Attach Procedure

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 RACH

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 RACH Trigger (Two Examples)

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 RRC Connection Request (UpLink) (Two Examples)

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 RRC Connection Setup (Down Link)

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 RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink)

Attach Request

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 RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink)

Attach Request

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 RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink)

Attach Request

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 RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink)

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 RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink)

Attach Request

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 RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink)

Attach Request

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 Codec
Selection

Dedicated
Bearer
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 QoS Negotiation

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 VoLTE Call Flow

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RJIL Initial Attach Request (APN=jionet)
SAE GW
UE eNB MME HSS PCRF SPR
S-GW P-GW
Power on

RRC Connection Setup

1. Attach Request(PDN Connectivity Request)
IMSI, Initial Request, APN=jionet
LTE Authentication
NAS Security Setup
Location Update

2. Create Session Request

IMSI, MSISDN, APN=jionet, PCO, Bearer Context (Bearer ID, Bearer QoS – QCI:9, GBR: 0, MBR: 0)

3. UE IP allocation 4. CCR(Indication of IP-CAN Session establishment)

Initial Request, Subscription-Id(e.g., IMSI), UE-IP, APN, Event-
Report, QoS Info(APN-AMBR(UL/DL)), EPS Bearer QoS(QCI, ARP)
5. Profile Request
6. Profile Response
User Profile = internet
7. Policy Decision
8. CCA(Acknowledge of IP-CAN Session Establishment)
PCC Rule for Default bearer(QCI=9, ARP=1, APN-
9. Policy Enforcement
AMBR(UL/DL)=50Mbps/100Mbps, Offline, TFT(UL/DL))
10. Create Session Response
UE-IP, Default bearer QoS(QCI=9, ARP=1, APN-AMBR(UL)=50Mbps, TFT(UL)=(UE IP, *, SIP, *, UDP)
11. Attach Accept(Activate Default EPS bearer Context Request)
APN=jionet, UE-IP, Default Bearer QoS(QCI=9, ARP=1, UE-AMBR(ULAPN-
AMBR(UL)=50Mbps, TFT(UL)=(UE IP, *, SIP, *, UDP), PCO, GUTI, TAI-list
12. Policy Enforcement
13. Attach Complete(Activate Default Bearer Context Accept)
14. Modify Bearer Request Bearer ID
15. Modify Bearer Response

Default Bearer(QCI=9)

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RJIL PDN Connectivity Request (APN=ims)

PCO : Protocol
Configuration Option is
used to allocate the PCSCF
domain name /IP address
DNS : Domain Name Server
translates hostname into IP
address

PCO option is used by UE

during PDP context
activation to request for
P_CSCF address, DNS
server details etc

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RJIL Device view after IMS registration(S-4 mini)

The Jio Join client resides on a 2G/3G/4G LTE Only handsets

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 VoLTE - UE Attachment and IMS Registration message

RACH, Attach, Authentication and Default Bearer

Creation QCI 9 and Dedicated Bearer QCI 5 using Jionet
APN and IMS APN – both bearers shown (detailed
messages already discussed)

CCR Credit Control Request Part 1 of 2

CCA Credit Control Answer

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 VoLTE - UE Attachment and IMS Registration message

Auth Challenge

UAR : User Authorization Request, UAA : User Authorization Answer

MAR : Multimedia Authorization Request, MAA : Multimedia Authorization Answer
UDR : Update Data Request, UDA : Update Data Answer
SAR : Server Authorization Request, SAA : Server Authorization Answer

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RJIL VoLTE Call Flow (UE to UE SIP Msgs)
UE IMS UE
INVITE (SDP offer)
100 Trying INVITE (SDP offer)
100 Trying

183 Session Progress (SDP answer) 183 Session Progress (SDP answer)
PRACK PRACK
200 Ok_PRACK 200 Ok_PRACK

180 Ringing 180 Ringing

User
UPDATE (SDP offer) alerting
200 Ok_UPDATE (SDP answer)
Used only when
network based 183 Session Progress
200 Ok_INVITE
ringback is used UPDATE (SDP offer) Hook off
200 Ok_UPDATE (SDP answer)
200 Ok_INVITE
Ack Ack
RTP/RTCP
BYE BYE

200 Ok_INVITE 200 Ok_INVITE

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Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(1)
Both Devices are in Idle Mode

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Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(2)

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Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(3)

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Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(4)

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Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(5)

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IMS to PSTN/PLMN call flow

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 VoLTE - UE to UE Call establishment (Originating Side)

RAR : Reauthorization Request, AAR : Authentication Authorization Request, SDP : Session Description
Protocol
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 VoLTE - UE to UE Call establishment (Terminating Side)

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 VoLTE - UE to UE Call clearing (Initiated message)

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 VoLTE - UE to UE Call clearing (Received message )

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 VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call establishment (Originating Side )

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 VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call establishment (Originating Side )

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 VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call establishment (Terminating Side )

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 VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call Clearing (Initiated )

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 VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call Clearing (Received )

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 MOCN Trial set up

12th Jan 2016

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 MOCN Trial set up – Schematic
Internet
ALU
7750SR
SGi
CCR
SGi SGi ( 1+1 )
Gx Gx
Gx PCRF
SAEGW
S1 - U OAM OAM

Gy/Ga HP Gy/Ga Gy/Gz

Juniper OCS / OFCS
Shared eNB S11 Switch M120
SGs
( 1+1 ) SGs SGs
CAG MSC / IWF
( 1+1 )
MME S6a/ S13 S6a/ S13 S6a/ S13
S1 - MME HSS / EIR
OAM OAM

OSS
Interfaces ready for Data call
Interfaces WIP for voice call DCN NW
Not mandatory for first call

Internet data call successfully tested

Voice call testing readiness is in progress
2015 © Samsung Electronics 113
 Copyright and Confidentiality
Copyright © 2015, SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. SAMSUNG Electronics reserves the right to make changes to the specifications of
the products detailed in this document at any time without notice and obligation to notify any person of such changes. Information
in this document is proprietary to SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. No information contained here may be copied, translated,
transcribed or duplicated by any form without the prior written consent of SAMSUNG Electronics.
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