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Javascript Loop Control PDF

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37 views

Javascript Loop Control PDF

Uploaded by

Dlanor Nablag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JAVASCRIPT - LOOP CONTROL

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/javascript/javascript_loop_control.htm Copyright © tutorialspoint.com

JavaScript provides full control to handle loops and switch statements. There may be a situation
when you need to come out of a loop without reaching at its bottom. There may also be a situation
when you want to skip a part of your code block and start the next iteration of the look.

To handle all such situations, JavaScript provides break and continue statements. These
statements are used to immediately come out of any loop or to start the next iteration of any loop
respectively.

The break Statement


The break statement, which was briefly introduced with the switch statement, is used to exit a loop
early, breaking out of the enclosing curly braces.

Flow Chart
The flow chart of a break statement would look as follows −

Example
The following example illustrates the use of a break statement with a while loop. Notice how the
loop breaks out early once x reaches 5 and reaches to document.write . . statement just below
to the closing curly brace −

<html>
<body>

<script type="text/javascript">
<!--
var x = 1;
document.write("Entering the loop<br /> ");

while (x < 20)


{
if (x == 5){
break; // breaks out of loop completely
}
x = x + 1;
document.write( x + "<br />");
}

document.write("Exiting the loop!<br /> ");


//-->
</script>

<p>Set the variable to different value and then try...</p>


</body>
</html>

Output

Entering the loop


2
3
4
5
Exiting the loop!
Set the variable to different value and then try...

We already have seen the usage of break statement inside a switch statement.

The continue Statement


The continue statement tells the interpreter to immediately start the next iteration of the loop and
skip the remaining code block. When a continue statement is encountered, the program flow
moves to the loop check expression immediately and if the condition remains true, then it starts
the next iteration, otherwise the control comes out of the loop.

Example
This example illustrates the use of a continue statement with a while loop. Notice how the
continue statement is used to skip printing when the index held in variable x reaches 5 −

<html>
<body>

<script type="text/javascript">
<!--
var x = 1;
document.write("Entering the loop<br /> ");

while (x < 10)


{
x = x + 1;

if (x == 5){
continue; // skill rest of the loop body
}
document.write( x + "<br />");
}

document.write("Exiting the loop!<br /> ");


//-->
</script>

<p>Set the variable to different value and then try...</p>


</body>
</html>

Output

Entering the loop


2
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
Exiting the loop!

Using Labels to Control the Flow


Starting from JavaScript 1.2, a label can be used with break and continue to control the flow more
precisely. A label is simply an identifier followed by a colon : that is applied to a statement or a
block of code. We will see two different examples to understand how to use labels with break and
continue.

Note − Line breaks are not allowed between the ‘continue’ or ‘break’ statement and its label
name. Also, there should not be any other statement in between a label name and associated
loop.

Try the following two examples for a better understanding of Labels.

Example 1
The following example shows how to implement Label with a break statement.

<html>
<body>

<script type="text/javascript">
<!--
document.write("Entering the loop!<br /> ");
outerloop: // This is the label name

for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++)


{
document.write("Outerloop: " + i + "<br />");
innerloop:
for (var j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
if (j > 3 ) break ; // Quit the innermost loop
if (i == 2) break innerloop; // Do the same thing
if (i == 4) break outerloop; // Quit the outer loop
document.write("Innerloop: " + j + " <br />");
}
}

document.write("Exiting the loop!<br /> ");


//-->
</script>

</body>
</html>

Output

Entering the loop!


Outerloop: 0
Innerloop: 0
Innerloop: 1
Innerloop: 2
Innerloop: 3
Outerloop: 1
Innerloop: 0
Innerloop: 1
Innerloop: 2
Innerloop: 3
Outerloop: 2
Outerloop: 3
Innerloop: 0
Innerloop: 1
Innerloop: 2
Innerloop: 3
Outerloop: 4
Exiting the loop!

Example 2

<html>
<body>

<script type="text/javascript">
<!--
document.write("Entering the loop!<br /> ");
outerloop: // This is the label name

for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++)


{
document.write("Outerloop: " + i + "<br />");
for (var j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
if (j == 3){
continue outerloop;
}
document.write("Innerloop: " + j + "<br />");
}
}

document.write("Exiting the loop!<br /> ");


//-->
</script>

</body>
</html>

Output

Entering the loop!


Outerloop: 0
Innerloop: 0
Innerloop: 1
Innerloop: 2
Outerloop: 1
Innerloop: 0
Innerloop: 1
Innerloop: 2
Outerloop: 2
Innerloop: 0
Innerloop: 1
Innerloop: 2
Exiting the loop!
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