A STUDY ON VIRTUAL LOCAL AREA NETWORK (VLAN) AND

INTER-VLAN ROUTING
A.Inigo Mathew1, Dr.S.R.Boselin Prabhu2

Abstract Access Ports:

In this paper, we have taken a configuration Ports which Connects end Users are called
with 4 L2 switches and 2 L3 switches along Access ports. Access ports belong to one single
with a router to explain the concept of Virtual VLAN and it carries only traffic of one single
Local Area Networks and Inter VLAN VLAN. No control information (TAGS) will be
routing. We have also explained the added in the packets flowing through access
technology associated with creating VLAN
ports. Any device connected to any switch
and maintaining VLAN. Static routing is done
doesn’t know anything about VLANS. It only
to provide routing of traffic among different
VLAN’s. knows that it belongs to some VLAN. If a switch
Keywords: VLAN, Trunk Encapsulation, receives any Packet with TAGS attached, Switch
Cyclic-Redundancy Check, Inter Switch will remove the TAGS before forwarding the
Link, Dot1Q Encapsulation. 1. packet to the respective device connected on the
Access lines. Any physical port can either be an
INTRODUCTION Access port or trunk port.
One of the biggest problem of a switch is Switch Trunk Ports:
creates a one large broadcast domain. Let’s Trunk ports are used to carry multiple VLAN
consider a typical 48 port switch, A single traffic on a single Link. It’s like multiplexing
broadcast generated from one single user in a multiple source traffic onto a single line, and
LAN supported by L2 switch, will be how the traffic can be distinguished at the other
broadcasted in the whole LAN and all other users end. For this we use TAGS. Each VLAN has its
in the same LAN has to Listen to the same own tags which are added to the traffic when the
broadcast even though it’s not addressed to them. packet leaves the switch trunk port. Figure 1
This will consume the Bandwidth of the network shows the difference between the normal
and also the CPU cycle. To solve this problem, Ethernet frame and the VLAN encapsulated
we can virtually break this one large broadcast frame.
domain into multiple domains. Which means one Trunk Encapsulation:
switch can act as multiple switches. VLAN’s Trunk Encapsulation is of two types. 1. ISL-
also allows us to provide security by denying Inter-Switch Link 2. DOT1Q Encapsulation. ISL
access to members of one VLAN to another is a proprietary of CISCO Inc. ISL works at layer
unless it was authorized. In this paper we will 2 of OSI model and it encapsulated Layer 2
demonstrate how to setup virtual LAN and frame and performs a new CRC-Cyclic
communicate among one another by breaking Redundancy Check.
broadcast domains. DOT 1Q Encapsulation:
IEEE 802.1q is a standard Ethernet protocol for
2. SWITCH PORTS encapsulating traffic belonging to multiple
A Switch has two types of ports in VLAN. switch and routers defining multiple VLAN’s.
1. Access Ports Figure 2 Shows the Ethernet and 802.1Q frames.
2. Trunk Ports

 
ISSN (PRINT): 2393-8374, (ONLINE): 2394-0697, VOLUME-4, ISSUE-10, 2017
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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR)

This 802.1Q encapsulation is usually applied in

the Trunk port to encapsulate the traffic flowing
out of it. Figure 4 shows the command lines of
an L3 switch. From this we can understand that
interface FastEthernet0/1 and interface
FastEthernet0/2 are made as Trunk ports and
Dot1Q encapsulation is enabled to tag the
packets running out of the interfaces. Fa0/1 and
Fa0/2 are used to connect two different L2
switches which contain separate VLAN’s in our
configuration.
3. CONFIGURATION
Figure 5 shows our configuration which we use
to explain the concept of VLAN, and to
demonstrate Inter VLAN routing.
In Our configuration, we used 4 L2 switches and
2 VLAN’s are created on each L2 switches. Sub
netting is done on a given Network ID
10.0.0.0/24. Each VLAN contains 30 users. On a
total 8 VLAN’s are taken for our configuration.
Figure 6 shows the VLAN created on a switch
and the interfaces assigned to them.
Static routing is performed between the routers.
One router is used to simulate ISP router.
Routers are used to provide routing among
different VLAN’s. Figure 7 and 8 shows the
routing tables of our L3 switch.
Default routing is done to route the unknown
destination traffic to ISP router. ISP routers
usually are high capacity nexus series routers
which has info about a large number of networks
which the local router doesn’t know.

 
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REFERENCES
[1] Todd Lammle, “Routing and Switching
Guide” Textbook explanation of what VLAN's
are and their types.
[2] Wendell Odom “CCNA ICND1
640-822 Official Cert Guide
Third Edition”
[3] Susan Biagi, "Virtual LANs," Network
VAR v4 n1 p. 10-12, January 1996,
[4] David Passmore, John Freeman, ``The
Virtual LAN Technology Report,'' March 7,
1997, http://www.3com.com/nsc/200374.html

 
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