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Survey on Smart Agriculture Using IoT

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 International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Management (IJIREM)
ISSN: 2350-0557, Volume-5, Issue-2, March-2018

The Survey on Smart Agriculture Using IoT

Dr. Veena S Mahesh K Rajesh M Salmon S
Professor, UG Student, UG Student, UG Student,
Department of Department of Department of Department of
Computer Science & Computer Science & Computer Science & Computer Science &
Engineering, S.A. Engineering, S.A. Engineering, S.A. Engineering. S.A.
Engineering College, Engineering College, Engineering College, Engineering College,
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu,
India India India India

ABSTRACT the tank they can view and maintain the update information
IoT technology helps in collecting information about through the mobile application. User can also get alert
conditions like weather, moisture, temperature and fertility of notification according to their fixed criteria. It can also be
soil, Crop online monitoring. IOT allows farmers to get implemented for flood propane like install this facility in
connected to his farm from anywhere at anytime. Wireless Dams and bank of rivers etc[2].
sensor networks are used for monitoring the farm conditions
and micro controllers are used to control and automate the
3.2 Hybrid Intrusion Detection
farm processes. Wireless cameras have been used to view Architecture for Internet of Things
remotely the condition of the form. A smart phone empowers In this world, Internet of things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm
farmer to keep updated with the ongoing conditions in any where we can connect all the things and control in anywhere
part of the world. at any time. A novel intruder deduction architecture model
which we are proposing for IoT to find out the anonymous
Keyword activities in a particular area. This model is based on map
Internet of Things (IoT), Interfacing Sensors, water reduce to find out multiple intruders in the fields. It wall alert
management, WPAN, SVELTE. the user by giving alert notification through the mobile
application. The Iinternet of things is a worldwide network
1. INTRODUCTION where we can connect all the devices and control from
In India around 80% of people depends upon farming. Smart anytime and anywhere in a wide range of technologies[3].
Agriculture is one of the solution to this problem. To The main concept of this proposed system is to make a
highlighting features of this project includes water solution for insecure nature of internet to become a much
management, weather forecasting, canal controlling in both more secure in Iot thorough Mobile application. The results,
automatic and manual modes and all these data are stored and which alerts the user by alert notification whenever
displayed in a mobile application. The alert SMS and anonymous detection is founded out. It will also find out
notification is send to the user based on the fixed criteria. By multiple intruder detection simultaneously. Using
Controlling all these operations by an mobile which is unsupervised OPF it will detect (inner attack) and misuse-
connected to internet and It will provide better performed by based intrusion is used to find out (external attack). It can also
interfacing sensors, Wireless Fidelity etc. able to detect the cybercrime attack through IoT[4].

2. PROBLEM IDENTITY 3.3 Real-time intrusion detection in the

Due to the weather condition, water level increasing Farmers Internet of Things
get lot of distractions which is not good for Agriculture.Water In the IOT resource-constrained things are connected to the
level is managed by farmers in both Automatic/Manual using unreliable and untrusted Internet via IPv6 and 6LoWPAN
that mobile application. It will make more comfortable to networks. Even when they are secured with encryption and
farmers. also authentication, these things are exposed both to wireless
attacks from inside the 6LoWPAN network and also from the
3. RELATED WORKS Internet. Since these attacks may occur, Intrusion Detection
3.1 Smart Water Management Using IOT Systems (IDS) are necessary. In the implementation and
This project helps us to manage the water level and where we evaluation, the primarily target routing attacks such as
can use in the Society easily. The level of water is maintained spoofed or altered information, sinkhole, and selective-
by sensor which is presented inside the tank and the data will forwarding[5]. The evaluation shows that in the simulated
stored in the cloud using mobile application. Users can view scenarios, SVELTE detects all malicious nodes that launch the
the level of water thorough mobile phones; according to that implemented sinkhole and/or selective forwarding attacks, the
motor will be work automatic and manual. If the water level true positive rate is not 100%, and there are also some false
is low automatically motor gets switched on if it’s up to fill alarms during the detection of malicious nodes. Also,
then it will shut down the motor[1]. In our proposed system, SVELTE’s overhead is small enough to deploy it on
Using Mobile phones we can monitor the water level and we constrained nodes with limited energy and memory capacity.
can control from anywhere and anytime. It can also used in And To guard against global attacks it has design and
different industries to maintain the different type of liquids in implements a mini-firewall. The detection algorithms in

Copyright © 2018. Innovative Research Publications. All Rights Reserved 63

 The Survey on Smart Agriculture Using IoT

SVELTE currently target spoofed or altered information, and to demonstrate soil moisture estimation. Unbiased root
sinkhole and selective forwarding attacks. However, it is mean squared errors range from 0.18 to 0.03 cm Through
flexible and can be extended to detect more attacks. extensive numerical simulations and tests on actual field data,
Therefore, it is to complement SVELTE with novel and/or it was shown that, in a C-AP context with noise- dependent
available intrusion detection techniques that are feasible to use self-regularization, soil moisture estimation with errors
in the context of the IoT[6]. meeting the SMAP 0.04 cm3/cm3 volumetric water content
accuracy threshold is possible. More specifically, unbiased
3.4 Survey data on cost and benefits of RMSE for soil moisture using ComRAD data and the
climate smart agricultural technologies in proposed objective function (3.d) are 0.031 and 0.018
cm3/cm3for Corn and Soybean, respectively[11].
western Kenya Furthermore, with the available expanded information space
The data is collected to assess the climate smartness, provided by using multiple measurements of difference
profitability and returns of soil protection and rehabilitation polarizations (HH, VV, and TB-H and TB-V), more than one
measures. The data were collected from many households[7]. unknown parameter can be retrieved. This is to develop and
These households were selected using simple random present a fully adaptive scheme where it becomes possible to
sampling technique from a primary sampling frame of 180 obtain best soil moisture retrievals by fully utilizing the
farm households provided by the ministry of agriculture available radar and radiometer information and not rely on a
through the officers. It was administered by trained research
single set of observations or models.Two features merit
assistants using a structured questionnaire that was designed further detailed investigation. the effects of surface correlation
in Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro). And also length are not considered in this paper; the currently
the data was exported to STATA version 14.1 for cleaning implemented forward scattering and emission models are the
and management purposes. The data are hosted in an open functions of only surface rms height. It is expected that, at L-
source data verse to allow other researchers generate new band, variations in surface correlation length will have
insights from the data[8]. noticeable impacts on soil moisture estimation abilities[12].

3.5 A Model for Smart Agriculture Using 3.7 Architectural Framework of Smart
IoT Water Meter Reading System InIoT
Climate changes and rainfall has been regular over the past Environment
decade. Due to this, climate-smart methods called as smart Internet of Things (IoT) has provided a lot of opportunities to
agriculture is adopted by many Indian farmers. Smart create domestic applications. Smart metering also one of its
agriculture is an automated and directed information main application. Water is the previous resource for everyone
technology implemented with the IOT (Internet of Things). using this smart metering we can able to maintain the water
IOT is developing rapidly and widely applied in all wireless management and we can also reduce the wastage of water. We
environments. The sensor technology and wireless networks propose the architecture frame work for water metre, which it
integration of IOT technology has been studied and review.A measures the water flow and heat measurements (STUF-
combined approach with internet and wireless 280T) [13]. We are introducing the concepts in mediatek
communications, Remote Monitoring System (RMS) is done. cloud sandbox which we are using as cloud platform. All the
Main aim is to collect real time data of agriculture production data’s and information are stored in the cloud and make the
environment that provides easy access for agricultural process very economical instead of making costlier. And also
facilities such as alerts through Short Massaging Service this Iot concept allows the user to access the data at anytime
(SMS) and on weather pattern, crops .In this the wise and anywhere. Smart meter allows the user to maintain the
agricultural model in integration with ICT[9]. ICT have high data and analysis the cost of the process. Other
always mattered in Agriculture domain. Village farmers may technologies like ZigBee, Bluetooth and gsm are also analysis
have planted the “same” crop for many years, weather patterns the same data but using this smart meter user can have Restful
and soil conditions pests and diseases changed. By using the based web services for communicating between IoT cloud and
proposed approach, received updated information allows the water meter in terms of ecological sustainability [14].
farmers to cope with and even benefit from these changes. It is
really challenging task that needs to provide such knowledge 3.8 An Internet of Things (IoT) based
because of highly localized nature of agriculture information
specifically distinct conditions. The complete real-time and
Sustainable Water Management
historical environment information is expected to help to Increasing dependence on groundwater as a reliable source of
efficient management and utilization of resources[10]. water in the rural areas has resulted in its indiscriminate
extraction without considering the recharging capabilities of
3.6 Combined Radar–Radiometer Surface the aquifers as well as other environmental factors. As the
availability of groundwater is highly inconsistent and exhibits
Soil Moisture and Roughness Estimation substantial variations across the country, management of
A robust physics-based combined active–passive (C-AP), or groundwater resources in the Indian context is an extremely
active–passive, surface soil moisture and roughness estimation crucial proposition. In this paper, we are discussing about a
methodology is presented. Soil moisture and roughness sustainable water management system based on Internet of
retrieval is performed through optimization, minimization, of Things (IoT), which automates the water distribution and
a joint objective function, which constrains similar resolution storage as well as regulation of water wastage[15]. The
radar and radiometer observations simultaneously. A data- requirement analysis is performed for Gudipadu Cheruvu, a
driven and noise-dependent regularization term has also been remote rural village in Andhra Pradesh, India, where frequent
developed to automatically regularize and balance water scarcity issues occur. An IoT system designed for
corresponding radar and radiometer contributions to achieve sustainable water management is proposed for the Gudipadu
optimal soil moisture retrievals. Extensive Monte Carlo Cheruvu village. The results of the proposed design and its
numerical simulations and assessment using field data have evaluation are described in this paper. We have reached out to
been performed both to evaluate the algorithm’s performance the underserved communities facing water crisis and have

Copyright © 2018. Innovative Research Publications. All Rights Reserved 64

 International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Management (IJIREM)
ISSN: 2350-0557, Volume-5, Issue-2, March-2018

come up with a viable system that automates the functions as and visualization stages. Finally, the solution were complied
well as increases the sustenance of the source in the long run. into an IoT architecture that represents a wide range of
The challenges while developing a system for the rural set up changes in agro-industrial and environmental fields. However,
was multi-faceted. Illiteracy, lack of awareness and digital it seems reasonable to assume that future solutions will need
divide prevailing in the rural sector had to be confronted. to fully embrace Cloud services and new ways of connectivity
Apart from these, developing a system for the low resource in order to get the benefits of a truly connected and smart IoT
setup was also tackled. We have developed a system that will ecosystem[21].
reduce human intervention in water management which is
adaptable in both the urban and rural scenarios incorporating 3.12 IOT based monitoring system in Smart
the sustainability factor[16]. Agriculture
Even now different developing countries using the traditional
3.9 Internet of Things (IoT) Enabled Water ways and backward techniques in agriculture sector. A little
Monitoring System technological advancement has increased the production
Water is always a needy part of everyone’s life. Due to efficiency significantly. And to increase the productivity the
environmental situation, water management and conservation inventive approach is introduced. Smart farming with Internet
will play a vital for human survivals. Recently , there were of Things (IOT) has been designed. By developing a motor
huge needs for consumer based humanitarian projects that vehicle which can be operated on both automatic and manual
could be rapidly developed using Internet of Things (IoT). modes which can be used for various agriculture activities like
This proposes an IoTbased water monitoring system that cutting, spraying, and weeding etc. The controller will
measures water level in real-time [17]. The prototypes are monitor the temperature, humidity, soil fertility, and water
based on the level of the water can be an important parameter management to the field. By using green energy and smart
when it comes to the flood especially in disaster areas. A technology the agriculture sector will find a better way to
water level sensor is used to detect the water level and based increase the productivity [22].
on the fixed parameter, and if the water level reaches the
parameter, the alert signal will be feed in real- time to social 4. CONCLUSION
network like Twitter. A cloud server was configured as data The system enables effective soil, water, moisture,
repository. The ultra-sonic sensor could be replaced by intruders detection parameters has been monitoring and
precise water level sensor. So that the system can perform updating using IOT. This enables effective soil maintenance
more efficiently and gives higher accuracy of water level and pump controlling mechanism. This overcomes the manual
detection instance[18]. operations required to monitor and maintain the agricultural
farms in both automatic and manual modes.
3.10 Smart Agriculture using IoT and WSN
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