Stairs

Dr. Rimon Aziz – (1/7-Stairs)

 Stairs
Design of step:
Steps are made of checkered plate Checkered plate
6/8 as shown

5-7
Assume o.w. of step = 20 kg / m\
L.L = 300  500 kg / m2 b = 30 cm
F.C. may be used
20 Beam at 1/2 floor level
W= + (F.C. + L.L.) b
1000
(4.50)
wa 2 wa

a
Calculate M = Q=
8 2
Fbcx = 1.4 t/cm2 (lip is small, so neglect L.T.B.)
L
Check f, q,   La
300

a
(6.00) (3.00)
Width of stairs is about 1  1.5 m a a
Slope is 1:2 in most cases.

Design of stair beam: (Usually used as channel)

  26.5
assume o.w. = 25 kg/m\
w = ...... t/m'
weight of step, handrail, (all steel structure)
ws = 70 kg/m2/hz proj
L.L = 300  500 kg / m2 1
2
F.C. = …….. if any
25
W= + (70 + F.C. + L.L.) (a/2) M2
1000
M1
Draw M, Q, (neglect normal) R

wL2 wL
M= Q=
8 2
Lu act = zero

Dr. Rimon Aziz – (2/7-Stairs)

 Stairs
Fbcx = 1.4 t/cm2
dmin of channel  ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬ t
h-22 1
4
Check f, q,  2
0 3
26.5
L70*7

Design of connection using butt weld:

hw= hC

hchannel
hweld =
13°

2
cos 2

Calculate Ix
M
Check y = …..< 0.7 ft (allowable of good butt weld subjected to tension due
Ix
to moment or due to tension). Look ECP-205.

Design of beam at 1/2 floor height: (Usually IPE)

R = Reaction of stair beam R RR R
Calculate M, Q

a a
If channel is flushed & checkered plate is
welded, so Lu act = zero
If we use grating Lu act = a

Design of connection between channel & I beam:

Force = Rt  Rss, Rb as before

Dr. Rimon Aziz – (3/7-Stairs)

 Stairs
Solved example: Beam B
b c
It is required a complete design of stairs (4.50)

1.25
(steps, beam of stairs with its connection &
beam at 1/2 floor height)

3.0
Given that: L.L. = 400 kg/m2, F.C. =150
kg/m2

1.25
(6.00) (3.00)
a d
1.0 1.25 1.25 1.0
Solution: 0.5

Design of step:
Assume o.w. of step = 20 kg/m\
Take shape of step as Z – section (assume b = 30cm) (checkered plate 6/8)
WDL = 20 + 150 * 0.3 = 65 kg/m\
WLL = 400 * 0.3 = 120 kg/m\
WT = 120 + 65 = 185 kg/m\

1.25 2 Lip = 5cm

M = 0.185 * = 0.036 mt = 3.6 cmt t = 0.6 4.4
8
Q = 0.185 * (1.25/2) = 0.11 t 30

30 * 0.6 3  0.6 * 4.4 3 

Ix = (neglected) + 2   0.6 * 4.4 * 2.5 2  = 41.52 cm4
12  12 
 
Checks:
3 .6 * 4 .7
1. f = = 0.41 t/cm2 < 1.4 t/cm2
41.52
(Lip is small, so we can neglect L.T.B)
0.11
2. q = = 0.02 t/cm2 <<< 0.84 t/cm2
2 * 5 * 0 .6

5 120 *1.25 4 125

3.  L.L. = * *10 3 = 0.04 cm <  0.42 cm
384 2100 * 41.52 300

Dr. Rimon Aziz – (4/7-Stairs)

 Stairs
Design of stair beam:
Assume o.w. = 25 kg/m\
Weight of other steel structure is 70 kg/m\
WDL = 25 + (70 + 150) * (1.25 / 2)
= 162.5 kg/m\
WLL = 400 * (1.25 / 2) = 250 kg/m\
Wtotal = 250 + 162.5 = 412.5 kg/m\ w = 0.41 t/m'
0.41 * 5.5 2
M= = 1.56 mt
8
Q = 0.41 * (5.5 / 2) = 1.13 t 1.56
1.41
Assume Fbcx = 1.4 t/cm2 1.13
Sx = 156 / 1.4 = 111 cm3
Choose channel 160
Checks:
Lu act = zero So No L.T.B.
c 6.5  0.75  1.05
= = 4.48 < 10.9
tf 1.05

dw
= 11.6 / 0.75 = 15.5 < 82
tw
Therefore, the section is not slender (simply symmetric channel)
1. f = 156 / 116 = 1.34 t/cm2 < 1.4 t/cm2
1.13
2. q = = 0.09 t/cm2 < 0.84 t/cm2
16 * 0.75

5 0.25 * 5.5 4
3.  L.L.  * *10 6 = 1.53 cm < 550/300 = 1.83cm
384 2100 * 925

Dr. Rimon Aziz – (5/7-Stairs)

 Stairs
Min channel: t 9. 94
30cm h-2 =
h  2t 2 5cm
 9.94 (From drawing)
2
t  1cm h = 22 cm 0
26.5
Choose channel minimum 220
L70*7

Design of connection butt weld:


M connection = 1.13 * 1.25 = 1.41 mt  13.25 8
2 t=1.25
22
hweld = = 22.6 cm 22.6
t=0.9
cos13.25

0.9 * 22.6 3 22.6 1.25 2

Ix =  2 *1.25 * (8  0.9) * (  ) = 2888.4 cm4
12 2 2
141 22.6
f= *  0.55 t/cm2 < 0.7*1.4 = 0.98 t/cm2
2888.4 2
Design of connection between channel & beam at 1/2 floor beam:
R = 1.13 t (use only one angle)

Rss = *1.6 2 * 0.25 * 4 = 2.01t
4
tmin is smaller of 0.7 or 0.9 (tw of channel)
Rb = (0.8 * 3.6)*1.6*0.7 = 3.22 t
n = 1.13 / 2.01 = 0.56 use 2 bolts min

Chequerd L70*7
plate

Dr. Rimon Aziz – (6/7-Stairs)

 Stairs
Design of beam B (at mid floor level)
Rtotal stair beam = 1.13 t, O.W. = 50 kg/m' 1.13 1.13 1.13
RLL stair beam = 0.25 * 5.5 / 2 = 0.69 t 0.05
(To be used in check of deflection) 1.25 1.25
Mconc = 2.385 x 2.25 – 1.13 x 1.25 – 0.05 x 1.00 0.5 1.00
2
1.25 /2= 3.83 mt
Q = 0.03 x 5 / 2 + 1.13 x 4 / 2 = 2.385 mt
Assume Fbcx = 0.64 Fy = 1.54 t/cm2
Sx = 383/ 1.54 = 259 cm3 choose IPE 220
Checks:
c 11  0.59  2 *1.2 d
= = 8.7 < 10.9 , w = 21.2 / 0.59 =35.9 < 82
tf 0.92 tw

Assume using checkered plate welded to upper flange of beam

So Lu act = zero Fbcx = 0.64 Fy
1. f = 383 / 252 = 1.52 t/cm2 < 1.54 t/cm2
2.38
2. q = = 0.18 t/cm2 < 0.84 t/cm2
22 * 0.59

0.69 0.69 0.69

1.25 1.25

3.51
0.69 1.725
0.54 0.56

3. deflection due to live load only " RLL stair beam "
M  = 3.51 * 2.5 – 0.56 * (0.25/2) – 0.54 * (0.5 + 1.25/3) – 1.725 * (0.25 +
1.25/2) – 0.69 * (0.25 + 1.25 + 1/3) = 5.43 m3t

5.43 *10 6
 L.L.  = 0.93 cm < 550/300 = 1.67cm
2100 * 2770

Dr. Rimon Aziz – (7/7-Stairs)