Smart Waste Management System using IoT

Department of Electronics and Communications

ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad
AKTU, Lucknow

Author: Abbas Zia Hadi(1503231004)

Abhishek Singh(1503231014)
Abhishek Verma(1503231017)
Aditya Chowdhary(1503231020)

Guide: Mrs Ranjeeta Yadav

Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT - With rapid increase in population, the material in which something valuable is not being
issues related to sanitation with respect to garbage used or is not usable and represents no economic
management are degrading immensely. It creates value to its owner, the waste generator. Depending
unhygienic conditions for the citizens in the nearby on the physical state of the waste, they are
surrounding, leading to the spread of infectious categorized as solid waste and wet waste. With the
diseases and illness. To avoid this problem, IoT proliferation of population, the scenario of
based “Smart Waste Management” is the best and
cleanliness with respect to waste management has
trending solution. In the proposed system, public
dustbins will be provided with embedded device become crucial. Waste management includes
which helps in real time monitoring of level of planning, collection, transport, treatment, recycle and
garbage in garbage bins. The data regarding the disposal of waste together with monitoring and
garbage levels will be used to provide optimized regulation. The existing waste management system,
route for garbage collecting vans, which will reduce where the garbage is collected from the streets,
cost associated with fuel. The load sensors will houses and other establishments on quotidian basis,
increase efficiency of data related to garbage level
is not able to effectively manage the waste
and moisture sensors will be used to provide data of
waste segregation in a dust bin. The analysis of generated.
ceaseless data gathered will help municipality and
government authorities to improve plans related to Giraud village in Raipur district, the capital of
smart waste management with the help of various Chhattisgarh have deployed garbage bins at every
system generated reports. street to collect the garbage, engaged its laborers and
vehicles to clear the trash. The amount of total solid
Keywords: Cloud, ESP8266, Raspberry pi, UV
Sensor, Load Cell, Humidity Sensor, Garbage waste generated by the village is 558 kg/day and
Collecting Vans. liquid waste is 108040 lit/day, the garbage is
collected daily and dumped into landfills. In case a
villager observes illegal dumping of any kind of
I. INTRODUCTION waste, he/she can complain regarding this to the
concerned department. As improper disposal of
Worldwide interest in Smart Cities has aggrandized, waste causes serious impact on health, causing the
fostered by the need to find effective remedies to the spread of diseases and problems to the surrounding
major challenges foreseen for the next years. As one environment, the complete care is taken by the
of the application of Smart City, Waste Management government for collecting and disposal of waste .
in a city is a formidable challenge faced by the
public administrations. Waste is defined as any
In this paper, a model has been proposed for real- connectivity issues in remote areas. These slave
time monitoring the garbage level of respective dustbins communicate their information with their
garbage bins and to detect the level when threshold corresponding master dustbins. Each master dustbin
shall be equipped with a micro-controller. Each of the
value is reached using combination of Sensors and
dustbins has 3 types of sensors:
Raspberry pi. This data will be sent to the control
unit and updated timely with the help of WiFi- 1) Level sensor - The level sensor will
module, depending on which optimized route have to
provide continuous information of level
be found for Garbage Collecting Van (GCV),
of dustbin filled. On reaching a
depriving the fuel consumption, cost, time and labor.
threshold, an alert needs to be generated
The data will be provided whether the waste is
for the collection of garbage.
segregated completely or not by wet sensor and
humidity sensor which will help for recycling,
disposal and reuse of waste. Using data mining,
qualitative analysis will be carried out to generate 2) Humidity sensor - The humidity sensor
reports. The main objective of this system to be will provide information related to the
implemented is to supersede the tedious existing presence of wet waste in the dry waste
bin.
system which will aid city to become a Smart City.
3) Load cell - The load cell will provide
information related to the weight of the
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section
garbage in the dustbin.
II provides a general overview of the system
architecture of smart waste management. Section III
On checking for two of the parameters - level sensor
provides in detail the hardwares deployed in the
and load cell, the error rate of false alarm will greatly
proposed system. Section IV specifies how the
reduce. The micro-controller used will be Raspberry-
system will be implemented to smartly manage the
pi 3, which has an inbuilt Wi-Fi module. The
waste generated
information from master bins will be continuously
streamed to the cloud using Wi-Fi module. In the
cloud, the real time analysis has to be carried out to
II. ARCHITECTURE
generate various reports like- area generating
maximum waste, seasonal or function reports on
In the existing system, the sensors being placed at the waste, segregation reports etc. which can help the
topmost level in the bin, sense the level of the Municipal corporation with better strategies for waste
garbage in that bin. On reaching the threshold a management. The proposed architecture assumes a
command is generated and sent to the central office backup server be provided by the cloud service
through the Zig-Bee technology notifying for the provider. Along with the real time analysis, the
collection of garbage. The authority at the central optimized route for collecting the garbage will be
office conveys this notification to the garbage found using Google maps. This will provide the
collecting van through the GSM module. GSM is advantage of saving fuel costs. Web based
interfaced with ARM microcontroller Through applications could be hosted using cloud. The
MAX232 chip that checks compatibility between the authority at the central office would view all the
GSM modem and ARM microcontroller. reports, optimized routes and all the data related to
the garbage bins. The person accordingly will direct
the collecting vans for the collection of garbage and
make efficient plans for the garbage management.

III. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

The proposed architecture will have a master slave Ultrasonic sensor - Ultrasonic sensor will
configuration of dustbins. This would overcome the be used to detect the level of garbage filled
in the dustbin. The level of garbage will be
depicted in terms of distance between the
sensor and garbage in dustbin. This module
has 4 pins- VCC (5V), Trig, Echo and GND.
Trig have to be used to send out an
ultrasonic highlevel pulse for at least 10μs
and the Echo pin will then automatically
detect the returning pulse. Sensor will
calculate the time interval between sending
Fig.3.2: DHT22 Humidity Sensor
the signal and receiving the echo to
determine the distance. Working frequency
Load Cell - The load cell needs to be used
of ultrasonic sensor is 40Hz. Max range and
to weigh dustbin. A load cell is a transducer
min range is 4m and 2cm and measuring
that creates an electrical signal whose
angle is 15 degree.
magnitude is directly proportional to the
force being measured. The load cell ranges
from few grams to 200 kg. The electrical
signal output will be typically in the order of
a few millivolts and will require
amplification before it can be used. The
HX711 load cell amplifier has to be used to
get measurable data out from a load cell

.
Fig. 3.1: HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

Humidity sensor - The temperature and Raspberry pi - The information collected

by sensor will be processed by micro-
humidity sensor have to be used to
distinguish between dry and wet waste. For controller. For this purpose raspberry pi 3
this purpose DHT11 sensor will be used. model B needs to be used. Raspberry-pi 3 is
Depending upon the output temperature, dry based on Broad-com BCM2837 SoC with a
and wet waste would be differentiated. The 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53
DHT11 is a high precision digital humidity processor, with 512 KB shared L2 cache.
and temperature sensor. It uses a capacitive The allocated RAM will be of 1 GB. It will
humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure primarily use Raspbian, a Debian-based
the surrounding air, and spits out a digital Linux operating system, but many other
signal on the data pin. Sensor will only get operating systems can also run on the
new data from it once every 2 seconds. It Raspberry Pi such as RISC OS Pi, FreeBSD,
will be good for 0-100% humidity readings NetBSD.
with 2-5% accuracy and for -40 to 80°C
temperature readings ±0.5°C accuracy.
 V. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING WORKS IN
IOT ENABLED WASTE MANAGEMENT –

This section presents analysis of some of the existing

works in IoT-enabled wastes management. There are
discussed as follows.

A) Smart bin : Smart Waste

Management System - Folianto, et al.
proposed a system that identifies the when a
litter bin is completely full. In this system,
data is collected and transmitted via a
wireless mesh network. Moreover, to reduce
Serial Wi-Fi wireless transceiver
the amount of power consume and maximize
module - ESP8266 is a chip which is the time efficiency of the operations, the
wireless network micro-controller module. system employs duty cycle technique.
However, the technology employed uses
It will be a system-on-a-chip (SoC) with
short range connection for the system such
capabilities for 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi, general- as WiFi and Ethernet Internet connections.
purpose input/output etc. Also, the use of ultrasonic sensors used
affected the optimum performance of the
system, because these sensors are sensitive
to certain temperature variation.

B) Smart City waste management

using GSM - Zavare et al. proposed a
system for the identification and collection
of wastes in a garbage bin. In this system,
the garbage containers transmit signals to
the appropriate authority indicating that it is
over 80% or 90% full and requires to be
emptied. Once the garbage bin is full, a
signal or notification is then sent via a
mobile communication network to a web-
Fig. 3.5: ESP8266 based application used by the waste
management authorities and the garbage
collecting vehicle. By using the Global
Systems for Mobile communications (GSM)
technology, a unique id is assigned to every
bin and it will send its location coordinates
IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM –
to the vehicle. The entire system is made up
of ultrasonic sensors, the GSM module and
a power supply. Nonetheless, the
drawbacks of this solution are that: the
GSM is prone to bandwidth lag and that the
fill level is considered too high (80-90%),
meaning that should there be a delay in the
collection of the bin. It would be found
overflowing and waste lying around which
could pose health risks to the environment.

With this type of system, an enhancement

would be employing a web server with
effective graphic user interface and
controlling actions. All bins will be equipped with
GPRS enabled embedded system. Central servers which provides interface between the
receive information from bins and store all necessary sensor and the GSM/GPRS system.
information such as bin level history, number of Moreover, an Android application is used to
dispatched waste collecting vehicles etc. Thus, based monitor and integrate the relevant
on the prediction of collected data on bin level, it information relating to the various level of
enables the optimization of number of vehicles to be waste found in different locations. With this
used. An application for smartphone will be system, a new user can only register on the
developed, through which people can report to the
system and not just the admin. However,
appropriate authority with fill level, photos,
anyone can create an account and the
comment, etc. With the integration of all the
technologies, a new way of waste management system also grant access to users not
system will emerge. Thus, this could lead to a intended for. This system can be improved
significant reduction in the amount of garbage in the by placing two bins to separately collect dry
city, the cost of transportation and the realization of and wet wastes. In this case, the wet waste
clean and convenient environment. can be further processed and be used for
the production of biogas, made durable by
C) IoT based smart garbage and making it compact and cost effective
waste collection - Navghane et al. also
proposed a smart waste collection bin using
the combination of sensors such as weight
and infra ray (IR) sensors. These sensors are
equipped with the capability of sensing the VI. IMPLEMENTATION
weight and different levels of garbage METHODOLOGY
respectively. In this case, the IR sensors will
show the various levels of garbage in the In this scenario, garbage bins will be classified as
dustbins and activate the weight sensor to master dustbins and slave dustbins. Master dustbins
transmit the results ahead when its threshold will be equipped with Raspberry Pi and slaves with
level is reached. The receiver end is also IoT module. Every dustbin whether a master or a
equipped with a mobile handset connected slave will have to be given a unique id. A database
to a WiFi router in order to display the will be maintained containing the information about
details of the garbage bin using HTML in a which dustbin to be placed in which area by their
web browser. However, the limitation of the corresponding ids. The dustbin has UV sensor and
system is that, in the event that a user load sensor for level detection, and humidity sensor
doesn’t have access to phone or in the event for wet and dry garbage detection. Every dustbin,
of battery failure or Internet failure, the user slave or master will have to communicate with
will not be able to receive notifications of Raspberry-pi 3, where Raspberry-pi 3 will act as a
the bins’ status and allocate collection broker. The work of Raspberry-pi 3 will be to collect
trucks. In the future, the system could be the data from sensors attached to master and slave
improved by sending the status of the bin dustbins, apply noise removal algorithm and send
directly to the cleaning vehicle instead of the data to server using Wi-Fi. The message has to be
authorized persons’ office. sent to server by raspberry-pi 3 about levels of
garbage in a bin, wet and dry waste segregation
levels along with dustbin id. Server matches ids with
D) Smart garbage monitoring and database of dustbins, and will find levels of dustbins
clarance system using IoT - Kumar et located in different areas of city. Different IoT
al. in their work proposed an IoT-based protocols can be used for data transmission like
smart waste clean management system MQTT or COaP.
where sensor systems are used to
The collected data in cloud will be analyzed by using
constantly checking the waste level of the
analytic tool like Hadoop or Storm, and useful
garbage bins. In this approach, once the
information regarding waste management will be
waste level over the dustbins is detected, extracted. From the collected the data, user will get to
the system automatically alerts the know about real-time garbage level, and the garbage
authorized person via GSM/GPRS. They collection van can find optimized route for collection
system operates by using microcontroller of garbage. Whenever the garbage level crosses
threshold level, the alert will be generated for urgent gement/links/5be1213492851c6b27aa2929
collection of garbage. The data of wet and dry /Analysis-of-IoT-Enabled-Solutions-in-
segregation level will help in evaluating the current
Smart-Waste-
garbage management plans and also to refine the
plans for increasing the efficiency. The simple Web Management?origin=publication_detail
GUI will help the user to use this system efficiently.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7972
276?reload=true
VII. GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)
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0IJAERS-APR-2017-35-
Smart%20Waste%20Management%20Syste
m%20using%20IoT.pdf

VIII. CONCLUSION –
This paper shows how the smart waste
management using IoT can be implemented. This
proposed system assures the collection of
garbage soon when the garbage level reaches its
maximum level. The system will thus provide
accurate reports, increasing the efficiency of the
system. The real-time monitoring of the garbage
level with the help of sensors and wireless
communication will reduce the total number of
trips required of GCV and thus, will reduce the
total expenditure associated with the garbage
collection. Thus, the dustbins will be cleared as
and when filled, giving way to cleaner city,
better infrastructure and increased hygiene.

IX. REFERENCES –

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Adna
n_Abu-
Mahfouz/publication/328759063_Analysis_
of_IoT-
Enabled_Solutions_in_Smart_Waste_Mana