R13

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

B.Tech II Year II Semester Examinations, May - 2015
THERMAL ENGINEERING – I
(Common to ME, AME)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75

Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B.

Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A.
Part B consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit.
Each question carries 10 marks and may have a, b, c as sub questions.

PART- A
(25 Marks)

1 How the fuel injection system function in CI Engine?

. [2M]
a
)
b) What is the importance of valve and port timing diagrams of I C
Engines. [3M]
c) What are different power loss resources during combustion of
SI Engine? [2M]
d) Explain the importance of heat release rate in the combustion process of CI
Engine. [3M]
e) What is the method adopted to measure air fuel ratio of an I C Engine. [2M]
f) Why multi stage compression is required? Explain. [3M]
g) What is dynamic compressors? Explain the significance. [2M]
h) Why the axial compressors are more suitable for gas turbines? Explain. [3M]
i) What is COP of refrigeration system? Explain the importance. [2M]
j) What are the commonly used refrigerants in vapour
compression system? [3M]

PART-B
(50
Mar
ks)

2.a) Describe the optimum opening position of exhaust vale to

reduce the exhaust blow down loss in S I Engine.
b) From the point of view of fuel air cycle analysis how does fuel
air ratio effect the
efficiency, maximum power, temperature and pressure of the cycle. [5+5]
OR
3.a) Draw the diagram of A/F ratio versus throttle opening for
different operating conditions of simple carburetor and
explain salient features.
What are the limitations of simple carburetor and how to rectify
them? Explain. [5+5]
4.a) Discuss the effect of turbulence and compression ratio on
the combustion characteristics in S.I. Engine.
b) What is the instrument used for the measurement of knocking?
Explain the
influence of operating parameters on knocking in S.I.Engine. [5+5]
OR
5.a) How to create turbulence in C.I. Engine combustion
chamber in order to get better mixing air fuel? Explain in
detail.
b) What are different additives to be added in C.I.Engine? Explain .
6.a) A single cylinder, four-stroke gas engine has a bore of 180 mm and a stroke of
330 mm and is governed on the hit and miss principle. When running at 400 rpm
at full load indicator card are taken which give a working loop mean effective
pressure of 6 bar and a pumping loop mean effective pressure of 0.4 bar.
Diagrams fro the dead cycle give a mean effective pressure of 0.6 bar. When
running on no load a mechanical counter recorded 50 firings strokes per minute.
Calculate at the full load with regular firing, brake power and the mechanical
efficiency of the engine.
b) Differentiate among fans, blowers and compressors. [8+2]
OR
7.a) A six-cylinder four-stroke, direct-injection oil engine is to deliver 120 kW at 1600
rpm. The fuel to be used has a calorific value of 43 MJ/kg and its percentage
composition by mass is carbon 86%, hydrogen13%, and non combustibles 1%.
The absolute volumetric efficiency is assumed to 80%, the indicated thermal
efficiency 40% and the mechanical efficiency 80%. The air consumption to be
110% in excess of that required for theoretically correct combustion. i) Estimate
the volumetric composition of dry exhaust gas, ii) Determine the bore and stroke
of the engine, taking a stroke to bore ratio as 1.5. Assume the volume of 1 kg of
3
air at the given conditions as 0.77m .
b) Explain the working principle of vane type rotary compressor along with a
diagram. [8+2]
3 o
8.a) 20 m of air per second at 1 bar 15 C is to be compressed in a centrifugal
compressor through a pressure ratio of 1.5:1. The compression follows the law
PV1.5 = constant. The velocity of flow at inlet and out let remains constant and is
equal to 60 m/s. If the inlet and outlet impeller diameters are 0.6 m and 1.2 m
respectively and rotates at a speed of 5000 rpm. Find (i) the blade angles at inlet
and outlet of the impeller, and the angle at which the air from the impeller enters
the casing; (ii) breadth of impeller blade at inlet and outlet.
b) Define and discuss the terms power input factor and adiabatic coefficient with
respect to the rotary compressor. [7+3]
OR

9.a) Air at 1.01325 bar and 288 K enters an axial flow compressor stage with an axial
velocity of 150 m/s. There are no inlet guide vanes. The rotor stage has a tip
diameter of 60 cm and a hub diameter of 50 cm and rotates at 100 rps. The air
enters the rotor and leaves the stator in the axial direction with no change in its
0
velocity or radius. The air is turned through 30.2 as it passes through the rotor.
Assume a stage pressure of 1.2, calculate power required and degree of reaction.
b) What is the importance of velocity triangles in power generation? Explain. [7+3]

10.a) Explain the important parameters influence the performance of air refrigeration
system.
b) An ammonia refrigeration plant operates between a condenser temperature of
420C and an evaporator temperature of –20C. The vapour is superheated with a
0
degree of superheat 10 C at the end of end of compression. The specific heat of
ammonia is 2.16 kJ/kg K. Calculate net refrigeration effect, work required and
coefficient of performance. [2+8]
 11.a) Differentiate between vapour compression refrigeration system with vapour
absorption refrigeration system.
b) In an open type of refrigerating installation, 1000 kg of atmospheric air are
o
circulated per hour. The air is drawn from the cold chamber at temperature 7 C
and 1 bar and then compressed isentropic ally to 5 bars. It is cooled at this
o
pressure to 27 C and then led to the expansion where it expands isentropically
down to atmospheric pressure and is discharged to cold chamber. Find the
followings. i) Heat extracted from cold chamber per hour. ii) Heat rejected to
cooling water per hour. iii) C.O.P of the system. Take for air γ =1.4 and C p =1
kJ/kg K. [3+7]

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R13
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
HYDERABAD B.Tech II Year II Semester Examinations, May - 2016
THERMAL ENGINEERING-I
(Common to ME, AME)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75
Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B.
Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A.
Part B consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit.
Each question carries 10 marks and may have a, b, c as sub questions.

PART- A
(25 Marks)
1.a) Differentiate two stroke and four stroke engines. [2]
b) Draw the valve time diagram of a 4-stroke diesel engine. [3]
c) How can you rate the fuels? [2]
e) Why compression ratio is restricted to maximum 12 in case of petrol engines? [3]
e) Define volumetric efficiency of reciprocating compressor. [2]
k) What is the effect of clearance on the performance of reciprocating compressor?
[3]
c) During steady flow compression process of a gas with a mass flow rate of 2 kg/s,
increase in specific enthalpy is 15 kJ/kg and decrease in kinetic energy is 2 kJ/kg.
The rate of heat rejection to the environment is 3 kW. What is the power needed
to drive the compressor? [2]
h) Explain the importance of volumetric efficiency of a compressor. [3]
c) What is the minimum amount of work input to a refrigerator which convert 1 kg
of water at 293 K into ice at 268 K while maximum COP of refrigerator is 10. [2]
j) What are the reasons for R-12 is replaced by R-134 -a? [3]
 PART-B
(50 Marks)
2.a) Briefly discuss the various factors which affect the ignition timing in SI engine.
b) Explain TCI ignition system with a neat sketch. [4+6]
OR
3.a) What are the functional requirements of an injection system? Discuss them.
c) With a neat diagram bring out clearly the working principle of a pneumatic
[4+6]
governer.
4.a) Explain the various factors that influence the flame speed.
c) With the help of a neat diagram explain the working principle of indirect injection
combustion chamber of a C.I. engine? [4+6]
OR
5.a) What is delay period and what are the various factors that affect the delay period?
c) Bring out clearly the process of combustion in C.I. Engines and also explain the
various stages of combustion. [4+6]

6.a) Develop an expression for the calculation of indicated power of an engine.

c) A 4 cylinder, 4 stroke gasoline engine having a bore of 80 mm and stroke of 90
mm has a compression ratio of 8. The relative efficiency is 65% when indicated
fuel specific consumption (ifsc) is 200 gm/kwhr. Estimate:
← Calorific value of fuel
← Corresponding fuel consumption, given that indicated mean effective pressure
(imep) is 7.5 bar and speed is 2000 RPM. [4+6]
OR
7.a) Schematically explain the use of the study of heat balance of an engine?
c) A 4 cylinder, gasoline engine operates on 4 stroke cycle. The bore of each cylinder
is 90 mm and the stroke is 110 mm. The clearance volume per cylinder is 60 C.C.
At a speed of 3500 RPM, the fuel consumption is 18 kg/hr and the torque
developed is 140 N-m. Calculate i) Brake power ii) Bmep iii) Brake thermal
efficiency if the calorific value of the fuel is 42,000 kJ/kg iv) relative efficiency
on a brake power basis assuming the engine works on the constant volume cycle.
[4+6]

8.a) Derive an expression for efficiency of a root blower in terms of pressure ratio and
ratio of specific heats.
c) A rotary air compressor compresses 100 kg of air/minute from 1.2 bar and 293 K
to 4.8 bar. Find the power required to drive the compressor, if the compression is
1.3
isentropic and follows pv =constant. [4+6]
OR
9.a) Define “pre whirl”. Explain its effect on the impeller of a centrifugal pump.
c) Compare the work inputs required for roots blower and a vane type compressor
3
having the same induced volume of 0.03 m per revolution, the inlet pressure
being 1.013 bar and the pressure ratio 1.5 to 1. For vane type, assume the initial
compression takes place through half the pressure range. [4+6]
10.a) What are the desirable properties of an ideal refrigerant? Explain.
 0
b) In a 15 TR ammonia refrigeration plant, the condensing temperature is 25 C and
0 0
evaporating temperature is -10 C. The refrigerant ammonia is sub cooled by 5 C
before passing through the throttle valve. The vapor leaving the evaporator is 0.97
dry. Find COP and power required to drive the plant? Take CPl = 4.6 kJ/kg-K,
CPV =2.8 kJ/k g-K respectively. [4+6]
OR
11.a) Explain the working principle of Libr-Water vapor absorption refrigeration system
with a neat sketch.
b) The bore and stroke of a single cylinder, single acting reciprocating compressor
using R-134-a refrigerant are 100 mm and 80 mm respectively. The compressor
runs at 1500 RPM. If the condensing temperature is 400C and evaporator
temperature. a) 100 C b) -100 C.
Find the following:
i) Mass of refrigerant circulated per minute
ii) refrigerating capacity
iii) power per ton of refrigeration
iv) Total power required to drive the compressor. Determine the changes in
results when the compression index is 1.25 and clearance factor is 5%? [4+6]
---ooOoo---

R13
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B.Tech II Year II Semester Examinations, May - 2017
THERMAL ENGINEERING – I
(Common to ME, AME)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks:
75
Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B.
Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part
A.
Part B consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit. Each
question
carries 10 marks and may have a, b, c as sub questions.

PART- A
(25 Marks)

1.a) What are the different strokes in two stroke engines. [2]
b) List out the differences between the SI engine and CI engine. [3]
c) What is meant by Cetane number? [2]
d) Describe the three desirable properties of CI engine fuels. [3]
e) What is the importance for measurement of exhaust gas temperature? [2]
f) List out the functions of compressors. [3]
g) On which principle the centrifugal pump works. [2]
h) Explain the importance of slip factor in compressor. [3]
i) What is meant by tonne of refrigeration? [2]
j) List out the advantages of air refrigeration. [3]
 PART-B
(50 Marks)

2.a) How does the Zenith carburetor fulfill the requirements of a good carburetor.
b) Explain the working of battery ignition system with the neat sketch. [5+5]
OR
3.a) Explain the working of solid injection system with neat sketch.
b) Explain the working of splash lubricating system with neat sketch. [5+5]

4.a) Briefly explain the stages of combustion in SI engines elaborating the flame front
propagation.
b) Explain the effect of various engine variables on SI engine knock. [5+5]
OR
5.a) What are the methods to be followed to avoid knocking in SI engine.
f) What are anti knock agents? Indicate the substances used and their effects on reducing
of
knocking. [5+5]

l) During a test on a diesel engine the following observations were made:

The power developed by the engine is used for driving a D.C. generator. The output of
the generator was 210 A at 200V; the efficiency of generator being 82%.The quantity
of fuel supplied to the engine was 11.2 kg/h; calorific value of fuel being 42600kJ/kg.
The air-fuel ratio was 18:1. The exhaust gases were passed through a exhaust gas
calorimeter for which the observations were as follows:
Water circulated through exhaust gas calorimeter = 580 liters/hr. Temperature rise of
0
water through calorimeter=36 C. Temperature of exhaust gases at exit from
0 0
calorimeter=98 C. Ambient temperature=20 C.
Heat lost to jacket cooling water is 32% of the total heat supplied.
If the specific heat of exhaust gases be 1.05kJ/kg K. Draw up the heat balance sheet
on minute basis.
[10]
OR
7.a) Explain the air box method for the measurement of air consumption in internal
combustion engine.
3
d) A six cylinder, 4 stroke SI engine having a piston displacement of 700cm per
cylinder developed 78kW at 3200r.p.m. and consumed 27 kg of petrol per hour. The
calorific value of petrol is 44 MJ/kg. Estimate:
i) The volumetric efficiency of the engine if the air-fuel ratio is 12 and intake air is at
0.9 bar, 320C ii) The brake thermal efficiency iii) The brake torque
For air, R=0.287kJ/kg K. [5+5]
3
d) A centrifugal compressor running at 8000 rpm delivers 660m /min of free air. The air
0
is compressed from 1.01 bar and 15 C to a pressure of 3 with an isentropic efficiency
of 80%. Blades are radial at outlet of impeller and flow velocity of 60 m/s may be
assume throughout constant. The outer radius of impeller is thrice the inner and the
slip factor
may be assumed as 0.8.The blade area coefficient may be assumed 0.8 at inlet. Calculate:
a) Final temperature of air b) Theoretical power c) Impeller diameters at inlet and outlet
 d) Breadth of impeller at inlet e) Impeller blade angle at inlet f) Diffuser blade angle at
inlet. [10]
OR
9.a) Explain the working of roots blower compressor with neat sketch.
d) A centrifugal compressor delivers 50 kg of air per minute at a pressure of 2 bar and
0 0
97 C. The intake pressure and temperature of air is 1 bar and 15 C. If no heat is lost
to the surrounding, find: i) index of compression ii) Power required, if the
compression is
isothermal, Take R=287/kg K. [5+5]

10.a) Explain the working of Vapour compression refrigeration system with a neat diagram.
0 0
d) A Carnot cycle machine operates between the temperature limits of 47 C and -30 C.
Determine the COP when it operates as i) refrigerating machine ii) A heat pump
iii) A heat engine. [5+5]
OR
11.a) Explain the working of vapour absorption system with neat sketch.
d) A Bell-Coleman refrigerator works between 4 bar and 1 bar pressure limits. After
0
compression, the cooling water reduces the air temperature to 17 C. What is the
lowest temperature produced by the ideal machine?

---ooOoo---

R13
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B.Tech II Year II Semester Examinations, October/ November- 2016
THERMAL ENGINEERING – I
(Common to ME, AME)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75

Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B.

Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A.
Part B consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit. Each question
carries 10 marks and may have a, b, c as sub questions.

PART- A
(25 Marks)

1.a) What are the different compositions of CNG? [2]

b) Explain what is meant by cruising range? [3]
c) What is meant by equivalence ratio and give its significance? [2]
d) What is meant by cetane number? Give the details. [3]
e) Why retardation test is conducted? [2]
f) Explain the significance of Sankey diagram in engine performance parameters. [3]
g) Give the working details of roots blower. [2]
h) Explain the concept of slip factor in centrifugal compressor. [3]
i) What is meant by deuce air refrigeration system and when it is used? [2]
j) Explain the effect of liquid sub cooling on the refrigerating effect. [3]
 PART-B
(50 marks)

2.a) What is the purpose of venture in SI engine fuel supply system?

b) Draw the neat sketch and explain the working of carter carburettor. [5+5]
OR
3.a) Draw the line diagram and explain typical fuel feed system for a CI engine.
b) Compare and contrast dry sump lubrication and crank case ventilation. [5+5]

4.a) What is meant by flame speed and how to measure it?

g) What is meant by knock in SI engines and what are the parameters are causing their
effect on it? [5+5]
OR
5.a) What is meant by ignition delay in CI engines and explain it with p-ϴ diagram.
m) At least two combustion chambers required in CI engines represent by line diagram and
explain its working. [5+5]
6.a) Explain the details of exhaust gas composition with the percentage of each component.
e) A four cylinder, four stroke petrol engine has a 10 cm bore, 15 cm stroke and uses a
compression ratio of 6. The engine develops 25 kW indicated power at 2000 rpm. Find
the mean indicated pressure and air standard efficiency. Also calculate the fuel
consumption per hour, if the indicated thermal efficiency is 30%. Take the calorific value
of fuel as 42 MJ/kg. [5+5]
OR
7.a) Compare and contrast fans, blowers and compressors.
e) A single acting, single cylinder reciprocating air compressor is compressing 20 kg/min.
0
of air from 110kPa. 30 C to 600 kPa and delivers it to a receiver. Law of compression is
1.25
pV = constant. Mechanical efficiency is 80%. Find the power input to compressor,
neglecting losses due to clearance, leakages and cooling. [5+5]

8.a) Classify the Rotary compressors and give the salient features.
0
e) 1 kg of air per second is taken into a root blower compressor at 1 bar and 27 C. The
delivery pressure of air is 1.5 bar. Calculate the motor power required to run the
compressor; if mechanical efficiency is 80%. [5+5]
OR
9.a) Explain the concept of stalling and losses of axial flow compressor.
0 0
e) An axial flow compressor draws air at 20 C and delivers it at 50 C. Assuming 50%
reaction, calculate the velocity of flow, if blade velocity is 100 m/s, work factor is 0.85.
0 0
Take Cp=1kJ/kg.K. Assume α=10 , and β=40 , Find the number of stages. [5+5]
10.a) Draw the line diagram and explain the working of Bell Coleman cycle and derive for
COP of the same.
e) Air enters the compressor of an air craft cooling system at 100kPa, and 283K. Air is now
compressed to 2.5 bar with an isentropic efficiency of 72%. After being cooled to 320K
at constant pressure in a heat exchanger, the air then expands in a turbine to 1 bar with an
isentropic efficiency of 75%. The cooling load of the system is 3 tonnes of refrigeration.
After absorbing heat at constant pressure, the air re-enters the compressor, which is
driven by the turbine, Find the COP of the refrigerator, driving power required and air
mass flow rate. [5+5]
 OR
11.a) Explain the working of an ideal vapour compression refrigeration cycle.
d) A refrigerator used R-12 as a working fluid and it operates on an ideal vapour
0
compression cycle. The temperature of refrigerant in the evaporator is -20 C and in the
0
condenser is 40 C. The refrigerant is circulated at the rate of 0.03 kg/s. Determine the
coefficient of performance and capacity of refrigeration plant in the TR. [5+5]