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318 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [APRIL
types and a taxonomic presentation of the group, in which Guzetopsiselliptica
is placed provisionally with Conostomum in the "Conostomeae." A brief
discussion of the "pollination mechanisms" of the Lagenostomales calls
attention to the three distinct types exhibited by the group: that in which
the free but approximated lobes of the integument surrounded and over-
topped the pollen chamber and probably at pollination formed a funnel (Phy-
sostoma); that in which a massive "canopy" was pierced by a long micropyle
(Conostoma); and that in which the compact canopy closely invested the
conical pollen chamber,whose orifice reached to the outer surface (Lagenostoma).
A glossary is provided at the close of the paper, since such terms as the " blow-
off layer," "lagenostome," and "plinth" are not easily separated from the
well-worn terms heretofore applied to the same structures.-J. Ni. C.
Anatomy of Azolla.-QUEVA36 has investigated the vascular anatomy of
Azolla filiculoides, and has secured some interesting facts. The vascular
elements are differentiated in the floating, dorsiventral stem, those of the
dorsal region being tracheids of small caliber, and those of the ventral region
being vessels of large caliber. The transverse section of the xylem is circular,
the circle being incomplete alternately on the right and left sides in the dorsal
region; so that the section is really an arc which is open alternately right and
left, corresponding to the alternating leaf traces. The heavy vessels of the
ventral region are connected exclusively with the roots. The interpretation
suggested is that the dorsal group of vessels represents a reduced bipolar group,
connected at the poles with leaf traces; and that the ventral group is merely
an "apolar" mass related to the roots. The amount of vascular tissue retained
would seem to be a remarkablefeature in a stem with such an extremely hydro-
phytic habit.-J. M. C.
Germination of Helianthus.-MILLER37 has studied the transformations
of the reserve materials of the sunflower during germination. The work
shows both chemical and biological excellence. Main emphasis is put upon the
transformation of fats. The fats extracted from the cotyledons show low
acid values at all times, while those from the hypocotyl very early, and con-
tinuously thereafter, show high acid values. It was not determined whether
the fats are translocated as such or as hydrolyzed products. The iodine value
of the fats falls as germination advances, due as the author believes to the
absorption of oxygen. As germination progresses, the fats decrease rather
rapidly, while the carbohydrates increase. This furnishes further evidence
for the established view that during germination fats are transformed to
carbohydrates.-WILLIAMCROCKER.
36QUEVA, C., L'Azolla filiciloides Lam., etude anatomique. MA16m.
Soc. Hist.
Nat. Autun 23: pp. 24. figs. 22. 19IO.
37MILLER, EDWIN C., A physiological study of the germination of Hielianthus
ammuos. Annals of Botany 24:693-7 26. i91O.
