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Members Subjected To Uniaxial Stress

This document discusses members subjected to uniaxial stress. It provides equations to calculate the elongation of prismatic bars under axial tension loads. For bars with varying cross-sectional areas or non-uniform axial loads, the elongation integral must be evaluated. The stress and strain on a bar with a tapered cross-section under an axial load is derived. Two illustrative problems are included, one calculating the length change of a tapered rod under tensile and compressive loads, and another comparing the extension of a tapered bar to a uniform bar of equal mean radius.

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109 views

Members Subjected To Uniaxial Stress

This document discusses members subjected to uniaxial stress. It provides equations to calculate the elongation of prismatic bars under axial tension loads. For bars with varying cross-sectional areas or non-uniform axial loads, the elongation integral must be evaluated. The stress and strain on a bar with a tapered cross-section under an axial load is derived. Two illustrative problems are included, one calculating the length change of a tapered rod under tensile and compressive loads, and another comparing the extension of a tapered bar to a uniform bar of equal mean radius.

Uploaded by

Mechanical Zombie
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE 13

Members Subjected to Uniaxial Stress

Members in Uni � axial state of stress

Introduction: [For members subjected to uniaxial state of stress]

For a prismatic bar loaded in tension by an axial force P, the elongation of the bar can be determined as

Suppose the bar is loaded at one or more intermediate positions, then equation (1) can be readily adapted to
handle this situation, i.e. we can determine the axial force in each part of the bar i.e. parts AB, BC, CD, and
calculate the elongation or shortening of each part separately, finally, these changes in lengths can be added
algebraically to obtain the total charge in length of the entire bar.

When either the axial force or the cross � sectional area varies continuosly along the axis of the bar, then
equation (1) is no longer suitable. Instead, the elongation can be found by considering a deferential element of a
bar and then the equation (1) becomes

i.e. the axial force Pxand area of the cross � section Ax must be expressed as functions of x. If the expressions
for Pxand Ax are not too complicated, the integral can be evaluated analytically, otherwise Numerical methods or
techniques can be used to evaluate these integrals.

stresses in Non � Uniform bars

Consider a bar of varying cross section subjected to a tensile force P as shown below.
Let

a = cross sectional area of the bar at a chosen section XX

then

Stress  = p / a

If E = Young's modulus of bar then the strain at the section XX can be calculated

 =  / E

Then the extension of the short element  x. = .original length =  / E. x

Now let us for example take a case when the bar tapers uniformly from d at x = 0 to D at x = l
In order to compute the value of diameter of a bar at a chosen location let us determine the value of dimension k,
from similar triangles

therefore, the diameter 'y' at the X-section is

or = d + 2k

Hence the cross �section area at section X- X will be

hence the total extension of the bar will be given by expression


An interesting problem is to determine the shape of a bar which would have a uniform stress in it under the action
of its own weight and a load P.

let us consider such a bar as shown in the figure below: 

The weight of the bar being supported under section XX is


The same results are obtained if the bar is turned upside down and loaded as a column as shown in the figure
below:
IIIustrative Problem 1: Calculate the overall change in length of the tapered rod as shown in figure below. It
carries a tensile load of 10kN at the free end and at the step change in section a compressive load of 2 MN/m
evenly distributed around a circle of 30 mm diameter take the value of E = 208 GN / m2.

This problem may be solved using the procedure as discussed earlier in this section

IIIustrative Problem 2: A round bar, of length L, tapers uniformly from radius r1 at one end to radius r2at the

other. Show that the extension produced by a tensile axial load P is

If r2 = 2r1 , compare this extension with that of a uniform cylindrical bar having a radius equal to the mean radius
of the tapered bar.

Solution:
consider the above figure let r1 be the radius at the smaller end. Then at a X crosssection XX located at a
distance x from the smaller end, the value of radius is equal to
Comparing of extensions

For the case when r2 = 2.r1, the value of computed extension as above becomes equal to 

The mean radius of taper bar

= 1 / 2( r1 + r2 )

= 1 / 2( r1 +2 r2 )
= 3 / 2 .r1

Therefore, the extension of uniform bar

= Orginal length . strain

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