An Aerodynamic Optimization of Supersonic Flow Over The Nose Section of Missiles IJERTV2IS4248
An Aerodynamic Optimization of Supersonic Flow Over The Nose Section of Missiles IJERTV2IS4248
An Aerodynamic Optimization of Supersonic Flow Over The Nose Section of Missiles IJERTV2IS4248
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 2 Issue 4, April - 2013
Abstract
This abstract tells about the aerodynamic study over when compared to the existing spherical nose cone
2D supersonic nose cone models of missiles. First a model. Also the results obtained were plotted and
Spherical nose cone model was tested with a Mach contour graphs were drawn to visualize the results.
speed of 3 and then with the same Mach speed another
Spherical model with a parabolic nose cavity was 2. Nose cone Shapes.
tested. Both the models were designed in GAMBIT and
analysed in FLUENT. Various temperature, pressure, Missile’s/Rocket’s nose cone usually is of following
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velocity contour and pressure plots were taken and shapes/types;
studied as results. From the results it was proven that 1. Spherical.
the new curvature model shows good thermal 2. Cylindrical.
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5. Boundary Conditions.
Figure: 3.2.Grid contour of 2D spherical nose
with a cavity. The boundary condition of the design model
includes;
Both the models were designed, grid generated and S.no Boundary names Edges taken
meshed in GAMBIT. An interval size of good quality
mesh of 0.01 was assigned to edges. Similarly, a 1. Pressure Farfield All edges except
mesh interval size of 0.01 was assigned to faces too. sphere.
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ISSN: 2278-0181
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flow condition was chosen. Thus, the problem was 7. Equations Used.
solved under Ideal gas condition in materials
dialogue box with cp value 0f 1.006 J/kg-K with a The models were solved in inviscid conditions. So,
viscosity of 1.789*10^-05 Kg/m-s and with a thermal the Continuity, Momentum, Energy equations in
conductivity value of 0.0204 W/m-K.In the boundary inviscid Conditions were written as follows;
conditions set farfield as pressure farfieldwith Mach
number of 3 and gauge pressure of 1 atm (101325 1. Energy Equation.
Pa).Set wall conditions to sphere curve.
Similarly, initialize the condition in the initialization 𝐷 𝑈𝑃 𝑉𝑃
tab with the exact specifications to pressure farfieldas 𝑒 + 𝑉 2 /2 = 𝜌𝑞 − 𝜕 −𝜕
𝐷𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
Mach 3, Isothermal static temperature 300K, gauge 𝑊𝑃
pressure 1 atm.Solve the residuals with convergence −𝜕 + 𝜌𝑓𝑉 … … . (𝟕. 𝟏)
𝜕𝑍
value of 10^-6 and courant number (determines the
stability of the flow analysis) of 0.1 with second
order upwind criteria. Iterate the solution to interval 2. Momentum Equation.
iteration counts of about 1000 initially. After it gets
converged, increase it to about 10,000. Along X axis;
The grid arrangement of the computational domain 𝜌𝐷𝑢 𝜕𝑝
consists of 2D quadrilateral cells. This 2D structured = − + 𝜌𝑓 … … … … … … … … (𝟕. 𝟐)
mesh supports stretching and high rate of skew 𝐷𝑡 𝜕𝑥
factor. This arrangement can align with the flow
Along Y axis;
easily and can provide better accurate results.
𝜌𝐷𝑣 𝜕𝑝
= − + 𝜌𝑓𝑦 … … … … … … … (𝟕. 𝟑)
6.1. Reynolds number effect. 𝐷𝑡 𝜕𝑦
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In this Supersonic case Velocity is high and hence Along Z axis;
Reynolds number associated with the flow is also 𝜌𝐷𝑤 𝜕𝑝
= − + 𝜌𝑓𝑧 … … … … … . . (𝟕. 𝟒)
𝐷𝑡 𝜕𝑧
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8.1. Pressure Contours. the nose section and region of mild high pressure in
the nose region. This may leads to high temperature
effects in the present existing model of the nose cone
model of the missiles.
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Vol. 2 Issue 4, April - 2013
From the above contour plot, a region of high XY plots of the contour plots are shown here. These
plots were for only the aerodynamic gradients over
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PV= nRT…………………………
(8.1)Thus, pressure α temperature and inversely
proportional to the volume of the fluid flow.
Where, R is a universal gas constant and is having a
value of 8.314 KJ/kg mole.K
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velocity gradients occurs. From the graph it is clear area of interest (the nose region) and not for the
that a low subsonic region occurs due to recirculation farfield region.
in the nose cavity region. This reduces pressure at the
stagnation point. 9.1. XY Plots of Nose Cavity model.
to reduce the temperature effects. The ideal gas
equation suits well to these models.
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velocity gradients occurs. From the graph it is clear position. This is because no recirculation region
that a low subsonic region occurs due to recirculation appears before the nose. As no recirculation velocity
in the nose cavity region. This reduces pressure at the region occurs, high surface pressure region appears.
stagnation point. As a result of high surface pressure region high
aerodynamic drag occurs.
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Thus, these results were used to calculate the Mach Mach-Shock relation:
number after the shock too. The famous ideal gas
equations can be used to calculate the aftershock 2 + (ϒ-1)*M12
2
Mach values. This derivation results are discussed in M2 = -------------------……………… (10.3)
section 9. 2ϒ*M12 - (ϒ-1)
Where;
M1= Mach number before shock.
M2= Mach number after shock.
ϒ= CP/CV=1.4(for atmospheric conditions)
(V2) (ϒ-1)*M2Sin2β+2
A region of high temperature occurs near to nose and
as the position of the body changes temperature =(1.4+1)*(3^2)*sin2(19.47)/(1.4-1)*(9)*sin2(19.47) +2
gradient effects reduces. As the stagnation pressure
increases near to the nose section region, wall heat = 2.399710 / 2.399951
flux also increases. This is because of high
aerodynamic drag formation that occurs with this = 0.9998
model.
Mach-shock relation;
10. Ideal gas equations and calculations. 2 + (ϒ-1)*M12
2
M2 = -------------------
The shock angle is given by β is given by the term 2ϒ*[M12 - (ϒ-1)]
β = sin-1(1/M)……………………… (10.1) M22 = 2 + (1.4-1)*(3^2) / 2*1.4[3^2 – (1.4-1)]
The velocity before and after shock formation is M22= 5.6 / 24.08 = 0.225581.
given by velocity ratio [5]
M2 = 0.48.
(V1) (ϒ+1)*M2Sin2β
___ = __________________......................................... (10.2)
(V2) (ϒ-1)*M2Sin2β+2
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References.
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