Platinum Z5 CD™: FM Transmitter Manual

Platinum Z5CD™
FM Transmitter Manual
888-2408-002
Platinum Z5 CD™
FM Transmitter Manual
T.M. No. 888-2408-002 June 9, 2003

Rev C.
© Copyright Harris Corporation 2000, 2001
All rights reserved
Returns And Exchanges
Damaged or undamaged equipment should not be returned unless written approval and a
Return Authorization is received from HARRIS CORPORATION, Broadcast Systems
Division. Special shipping instructions and coding will be provided to assure proper
handling. Complete details regarding circumstances and reasons for return are to be
included in the request for return. Custom equipment or special order equipment is not
returnable. In those instances where return or exchange of equipment is at the request of the
customer, or convenience of the customer, a restocking fee will be charged. All returns will
be sent freight prepaid and properly insured by the customer. When communicating with
HARRIS CORPORATION, Broadcast Division, specify the HARRIS Order Number or
Invoice Number.
Unpacking
Carefully unpack the equipment and preform a visual inspection to determine that no
apparent damage was incurred during shipment. Retain the shipping materials until it has
been determined that all received equipment is not damaged. Locate and retain all
PACKING CHECK LISTs. Use the PACKING CHECK LIST to help locate and identify
any components or assemblies which are removed for shipping and must be reinstalled.
Also remove any shipping supports, straps, and packing materials prior to initial turn on.
Technical Assistance
HARRIS Technical and Troubleshooting assistance is available from HARRIS Field
Service during normal business hours (8:00 AM - 5:00 PM Central Time). Emergency
service is available 24 hours a day. Telephone 217/222-8200 to contact the Field Service
Department or address correspondence to Field Service Department, HARRIS CORPO-
RATION, Broadcast Systems Division, P.O. Box 4290, Quincy, Illinois 62305-4290,
USA. The HARRIS factory may also be contacted through a FAX facility (217/222-7041)
or a TELEX service (650/372-2976).
Replaceable Parts Service

Replacement parts are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week from the HARRIS
Service Parts Department. Telephone 217/222-8200 to contact the service parts department
or address correspondence to Service Parts Department, HARRIS CORPORATION,
Broadcast Systems Division, P.O. Box 4290, Quincy, Illinois 62305-4290, USA. The
HARRIS factory may also be contacted through a FAX facility (217/222-7041) or a
TELEX service (650/372-2976).
NOTE
The # symbol used in the parts list means used with (e.g. #C001 =
used with C001)
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WARNING: Disconnect primary power prior to servicing.
MANUAL REVISION HISTORY
Platinum Z5 CD™
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Rev. Date ECN Pages Affected
B 12-17-01 47926 Title page, added MRH1/MRH2, sections 2 and 4.
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C 06-09-03 TBD Title page, MRH1/MRH2, and page 2-28.
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Guide to Using Harris Parts List Information
The Harris Replaceable Parts List Index portrays a tree structure with the major items being leftmost in the index.
The example below shows the Transmitter as the highest item in the tree structure. If you were to look at the bill of
materials table for the Transmitter you would find the Control Cabinet, the PA Cabinet, and the Output Cabinet. In
the Replaceable Parts List Index the Control Cabinet, PA Cabinet, and Output Cabinet show up one indentation level
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below the Transmitter and implies that they are used in the Transmitter. The Controller Board is indented one level
below the Control Cabinet so it will show up in the bill of material for the Control Cabinet. The tree structure of this
same index is shown to the right of the table and shows indentation level versus tree structure level.
Example of Replaceable Parts List Index and equivalent tree structure:
The part number of the item is shown to the right of the description as is the page in the manual where the bill for
that part number starts.
Inside the actual tables, four main headings are used:
Table #-#. ITEM NAME - HARRIS PART NUMBER - this line gives the information that corresponds to the
Replaceable Parts List Index entry;
HARRIS P/N column gives the ten digit Harris part number (usually in ascending order);
DESCRIPTION column gives a 25 character or less description of the part number;
REF. SYMBOLS/EXPLANATIONS column 1) gives the reference designators for the item (i.e., C001, R102,
etc.) that corresponds to the number found in the schematics (C001 in a bill of material is equivalent to C1 on the
schematic) or 2) gives added information or further explanation (i.e., “Used for 208V operation only,” or “Used
for HT 10LS only,” etc.).
Inside the individual tables some standard conventions are used:
A # symbol in front of a component such as #C001 under the REF. SYMBOLS/EXPLANATIONS column means
that this item is used on or with C001 and is not the actual part number for C001.
In the ten digit part numbers, if the last three numbers are 000, the item is a part that Harris has purchased and
has not manufactured or modified. If the last three numbers are other than 000, the item is either manufactured by
Harris or is purchased from a vendor and modified for use in the Harris product.
The first three digits of the ten digit part number tell which family the part number belongs to - for example, all
electrolytic (can) capacitors will be in the same family (524 xxxx 000). If an electrolytic (can) capacitor is found
to have a 9xx xxxx xxx part number (a number outside of the normal family of numbers), it has probably been
modified in some manner at the Harris factory and will therefore show up farther down into the individual parts
list (because each table is normally sorted in ascending order). Most Harris made or modified assemblies will
have 9xx xxxx xxx numbers associated with them.
The term “SEE HIGHER LEVEL BILL” in the description column implies that the reference designated part
number will show up in a bill that is higher in the tree structure. This is often the case for components that may
be frequency determinant or voltage determinant and are called out in a higher level bill structure that is more
customer dependent than the bill at a lower level.
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WARNING
The currents and voltages in this equipment are dangerous. Person-
nel must at all times observe safety warnings, instructions and regu-
lations.
This manual is intended as a general guide for trained and qualified personnel who are
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aware of the dangers inherent in handling potentially hazardous electrical/electronic

circuits. It is not intended to contain a complete statement of all safety precautions which
should be observed by personnel in using this or other electronic equipment.
The installation, operation, maintenance and service of this equipment involves risks both
to personnel and equipment, and must be performed only by qualified personnel exercising
due care. HARRIS CORPORATION shall not be responsible for injury or damage
resulting from improper procedures or from the use of improperly trained or inexperienced
personnel performing such tasks.
During installation and operation of this equipment, local building codes and fire protec-
tion standards must be observed. The following National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA) standards are recommended as reference:
• Automatic Fire Detectors, No. 72E
• Installation, Maintenance, and Use of Portable Fire Extinguishers, No. 10
• Halogenated Fire Extinguishing Agent Systems, No. 12A
WARNING
Always disconnect power before opening covers, doors, enclosures,
gates, panels or shields. Always use grounding sticks and short out
high voltage points before servicing. Never make internal adjust-
ments, perform maintenance or service when alone or when fa-
tigued.
Do not remove, short-circuit or tamper with interlock switches on access covers, doors,
enclosures, gates, panels or shields. Keep away from live circuits, know your equipment
and don’t take chances.
WARNING
In case of emergency ensure that power has been disconnected.
If oil filled or electrolytic capacitors are utilized in your equipment, and if a leak or bulge
is apparent on the capacitor case when the unit is opened for service or maintenance, allow
the unit to cool down before attempting to remove the defective capacitor. Do not attempt
to service a defective capacitor while it is hot due to the possibility of a case rupture and
subsequent injury.
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FIRST-AID
Personnel engaged in the installation, operation, maintenance or servicing of this
equipment are urged to become familiar with first-aid theory and practices. The following
information is not intended to be complete first-aid procedures, it is a brief and is only to
be used as a reference. It is the duty of all personnel using the equipment to be prepared to
give adequate Emergency First Aid and thereby prevent avoidable loss of life.
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Treatment of Electrical Burns

1. Extensive burned and broken skin
A. Cover area with clean sheet or cloth. (Cleanest available cloth article.)
B. Do not break blisters, remove tissue, remove adhered particles of clothing, or
apply any salve or ointment.
C. Treat victim for shock as required.
D. Arrange transportation to a hospital as quickly as possible.
E. If arms or legs are affected keep them elevated.
NOTE
If medical help will not be available within an hour and the victim
is conscious and not vomiting, give him a weak solution of salt and
soda: 1 level teaspoonful of salt and 1/2 level teaspoonful of baking
soda to each quart of water (neither hot or cold). Allow victim to sip
slowly about 4 ounces (a half of glass) over a period of 15 minutes.
Discontinue fluid if vomiting occurs. (Do not give alcohol.)
2. Less severe burns - (1st & 2nd degree)

A. Apply cool (not ice cold) compresses using the cleanest available cloth arti-
cle.
B. Do not break blisters, remove tissue, remove adhered particles of clothing, or
apply salve or ointment.
C. Apply clean dry dressing if necessary.
D. Treat victim for shock as required.
E. Arrange transportation to a hospital as quickly as possible.
F. If arms or legs are affected keep them elevated.
REFERENCE
ILLINOIS HEART ASSOCIATION
AMERICAN RED CROSS STANDARD FIRST AID AND PERSONAL SAFETY
MANUAL (SECOND EDITION)
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction/Specifications Control Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
Status Ouputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 UPS IN/Remote Exciter Select,
Features/Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Configurable Input TB1-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Using an Uninterruptable Power Supply or UPS . . 2-25
Harris DIGIT Digital FM Exciter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Setting The UPS Power Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25
Harris SuperCiter Analog Exciter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Optimizing Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26
Redundant Exciters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Setting the Low Power Alarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27
PA/IPA Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Jumper Settings for Installation of a Harris Exciter . 2-27
RF Combining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Power Distribution for Optimum Transmitter
Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31
Directional RF Sample Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Overheating from Line Unbalance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31
Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Transmitter Noise Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31
Air System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
The Causes of Line Unbalance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31
Performance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 Three Phase Delta Distribution Transformers . . . . 2-32
Three Phase Wye Distribution Transformers . . . . . 2-33
2 Installation & Initial Turn-On
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 3 Operator Guide
Unpacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Returns and Exchanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Transmitter Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Air Cooling Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Transmitter Metering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Z5 Transmitter Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Forward Power (FWD PWR) Units of Measure . . . 3-3
Transmitter Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 Reflected Power (RFL PWR) Units of Measure . . . 3-3
Removal of Pallet Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 Using the Diagnostic Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Visual Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 HOME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Exciter Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 BACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
3-Phase Power Supply Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 MORE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Power Transformer Tapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Diagnostic Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Power Supply Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 Asterisk and Pound Signs(*, #) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Single Phase Power Supply Installation . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 Fault Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Power Transformer Tapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 Emergency Operating Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Single Phase Power Supply Connections. . . . . . . . 2-9 Multiple PA Failures in a Foursome. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Transmitter AC Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Manual Exciter Switching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Information concerning some 360 to 416 volt
Manual IPA Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
AC Input Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12 Optimizing Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Grounding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13 Fan Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Low Voltage Power Supply and Blower . . . . . . . 2-14
Exciter AC Voltage Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
RF Output Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14 4 Overall System Theory
Audio Input Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
External and Failsafe Interlock Connections . . . . . 2-15 RF Flow Block Diagram Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
External Interlock Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15 Exciters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Failsafe Interlock Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15 IPAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Initial Turn-on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16 PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Remote Control Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21 Z-Plane Divider Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
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Table of Contents
Z-Plane Combiner Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 MAX HIGH, MAX LOW and UPS Power Levels4-37
5kW Hybrid Combiner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 EXC Factor and IPA Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-39
Detailed RF Theory of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 Reflect Factor and A/D_RFL_PWR . . . . . . . . . . 4-39
Exciter Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 VSWR Foldback. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40
Automatic Exciter Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 Master Controller Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-41
Manual Exciter Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 PA Controller Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-42
IPA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 PA Turn On/Turn Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-42
IPA Power Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 Metering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43
IPA Power Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 Crossover (XOVER) Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44
IPA Backplane Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 PA Controller Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44
Main/Alternate Exciter Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 Power Supply Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44
Main/Alternate IPA Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7 Power Supply Turn On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45
IPA Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7 PA Power Supply Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-46
Air Flow Sensing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 Power Supply Standby Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-46
IPA_AB1 and IPA_AB2 interlocking. . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 Discharge Protection Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-46
IPA Power Divider (3dB Hybrid) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 RESET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-46
Z-Plane Combiner/Divider Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 Watchdog Timer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-47
8-Way Divider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 Analog Inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-47
8-Way Combiner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 PS Controller Faults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-47
PA Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 Life Support Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-48
Power Amplifier (PA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 Normal Operational Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-48
3 dB Hybrid Combiner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 Life Support Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-55
Harmonic Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
Directional Coupler Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
Power Supply Block Diagram Description . . . . . . . . 4-15 5 Maintenance and Alignment
PA Power Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
3-Phase Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 Routine Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Single Phase Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Low Voltage Power Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20 Record Keeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Detailed Power Supply Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20 Recommended Log Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
3-Phase PA Power Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20 Transmitter Logbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Rectifier Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22 Maintenance Logbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Rectifier Board Circuit Description . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22 Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Single Phase PA Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25 Module cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Rectifier Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25 Cleaning the Air Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Rectifier Board Circuit Description . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26 Cleaning the Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Power Supply ID Jumpers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28 Blower Motor Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Low Voltage Power Supply Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28
Routine Annual Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
System Level ISO/Reject Load Ohmmeter Test . . . 5-4
Cooling System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29 System Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Control System Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30 Isolation Board Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Master Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31 Isolation Board Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
EEPROM U39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31 Isolation Board Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
APC, Automatic Power Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32 Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Calibration Factors and A/D Values . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34 Installation of Isolation Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
DAC_APC_REF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35
PA Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Forward Factor and A/D_FWD_PWR . . . . . . . . . 4-36
Directional Coupler Removal and Replacement. . . . . 5-8
APC Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-37
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Table of Contents
Typical Coupling Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 THERMISTOR, Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
Setting Maximum Power Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 EEPROM_DEF, EEPROM U39 Default Load . . . 6-15
Setting FWD PWR to Display 100% . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 REF_WARNING, +5V Reference Warning. . . . . . 6-15
Setting Life Support Power Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 MSTR_REF, +5V Reference Fault. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
Forward Power Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11 RFL_PWR, Reflected Power Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Reflected Power Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14 INTLK, External Interlock Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
FAILSAFE, Interlock Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
PC Board Replacement Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
POWER_FAIL, Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
Replacement of the Life Support Board . . . . . . . . . 5-16
LOW_AIR, Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
Replacing the Power Supply Controller Board. . . . 5-18
UPS, Uninterruptable Power Supply Fault. . . . . . . 6-18
Replacing a PA Controller Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
CPLR_NC, Forward Directional Coupler Cable Not
Replacing the Master Controller Board . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Connected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Replacement Using EEPROM U39 From
IPA_AB#_MUTE, Fault. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Old Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
IPA_AB#_LOW, (Power) Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Replacing EEPROM U39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
IPA_AB#_OC, Fault. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
System Configuration and Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
IPA_TW, IPA Temperature Warning . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
IPA_OT, Fault. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24
IPA_AB#_OUT, Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
Removing/Replacing Firmware ICs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24 IPA_LOAD, Fault. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
PSC#_COMM, Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
PAC#_COMM, Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
6 Troubleshooting AMB_WARNING, Ambient Temperature Warning6-19
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 AMB_TEMP, Ambient Temperature Fault . . . . . . 6-19
Power Amplifier Repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 ISO_##_OT, Over-Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20
Transmitter Power vs. Module Failures . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 System ISO Foldback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20
Multiple PA Failures in a Foursome . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3 System ISO Overload (Fault) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20
Software Revision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 EXC#_FAULT, Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21
System Reset - TX_RESTART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 EXC#_LOW, Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21
3 Strike Routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 EXC#_AFC Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21
Diagnostics Display Menu Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6 PA Signal Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21
Fault Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6 PA Controller Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22
Front Panel Fault LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7 General PA Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22
Fault Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7 A or B#_OC, PA Over-Current Fault . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22
Abbreviations Used In Fault Reporting . . . . . . . . . . 6-7 PA Current Foldback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
Fault Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8 A or B#_UC, PA Under-Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
Self Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9 A or B#_MUTE_FLT, PA Mute Fault . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
System Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9 A or B#_OT, PA Over-Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24
PA Muting Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 A or B#_OUT, PA Out Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24
PA_ISO Resistor and Thermistor Test . . . . . . . . . 6-10 A or B#_ISO, PA ISO Temperature Fault . . . . . . . 6-24
PA RF Switch Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11 PA_ISO_OT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25
Hardware Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12 PA_ISO_LOW, Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25
PA_ISO_SW, Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25
General Troubleshooting Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Combiner ISO Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26
Foldback Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
PAC#_REF, +5V Reference Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26
Turning the Transmitter ON with No Power
PAC#_VOLTS, Power Supply Fault . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26
Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
PAC#_-15V, PA Controller PS Fault . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27
Asterisk and Pound Signs(*, #). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
PAC#_J#, Cable Fault. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27
Master Controller Related Faults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
Power Supply Controller Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28
888-2408-002 3
Table of Contents
General Power Supply Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . 6-28
Critical Power Supply Faults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28
PS#_START, Soft Start Circuit Fault . . . . . . . . . . 6-29
PS#_HS_TEMP, Rectifier Heatsink Temperature 6-29
PS#_DSCHG, Discharge circuit fault. . . . . . . . . . 6-29
PS#_PHS_LS, Phase Loss (100-120 Hz ripple). . 6-30
PSC#+20V, Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30
PS#_CONFIG, Configuration Fault . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30
PS#_JUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-31
Non Critical Power Supply Faults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-31
PS#_TAP#, Power Supply Tap Fault . . . . . . . . . . 6-31
7 Parts List
Part List Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
4 888-2408-002
Introduction/
Specifications
1.1 Introduction
This technical manual describes the Harris Platinum Z5 solid-state FM radio
transmitter. This manual contains all the information needed to install, operate and
service these transmitters.
This manual contains the following sections:
• Section 1: Introduction/Specifications, identifies the versions of the product

available and the possible options, and provides specifications.
• Section 2: Installation/Initial Turn-on, details the procedures to receive, install
and prepare the transmitter for use, up through the initial turn-on of the equip-
ment.
• Section 3: Operators Guide, describes operation of the equipment and is intended
to be the primary section referenced by operating personnel.
• Section 4: Overall System Theory, is included to help service personnel to under-
stand the inner workings of the transmitter.
• Section 5: Maintenance/Alignments-Adjustments, lists and explains alignments
and adjustments which might be required once the transmitter leaves the Harris
Broadcast factory.
• Section 6: Troubleshooting, is included as a servicing aid, to be used along with
Sections 4 and 5 by qualified service personnel to identify and correct any equip-
ment problem which might develop.
• Section 7: Parts List, a comprehensive listing any of the equipment’s components
which might ever be needed.
888-2408-002 1-1
Introduction/Specifications
1.2 Features/Benefits
• Includes the field-proven Harris DIGIT Digital FM Exciter with built in DSP ste-
reo generator. As the world’s first all-digital FM exciter the Harris DIGIT accepts
AES/EBU digital audio and generates the fully modulated RF carrier totally in
the digital domain for the lowest noise and distortion available in any FM trans-
mitter (16 bit digital audio quality).
• Power output range: 1.25 - 5kW for Z5CD; up to 5.5kW into a 1.1 or less VSWR.
• Redundant, autoswitching, IPA amplifiers to eliminate a single point of failure.
• Microprocessor based controller for advanced control, diagnostics and display
capability. Includes built-in logic and commands for switching between main/
alternate DIGIT exciters and IPAs.
• Redundant RF amplifier modules that allow maintenance while the transmitter
remains on the air at reduced power (“Hot-Pluggable” modules).
• Redundant power supplies to keep the transmitter on the air.
• Broadband design to eliminate tuning adjustments from 87 through 108MHz
(N+1 capable). Frequency change can be done manually in less than five minutes
using simple switch settings, and in less than 0.5 seconds using an optional,
external controller.
• Quick start design provides full output power meeting all specifications within
five seconds of an “On” Command.
• Versatile air cooling design uses either an internal blower or an external air sys-
tem.
• Dual output power settings, standard, along with a third available power setting
for use with UPS or generator backup systems.
• Directional RF sample port provided for customer use.
• Available for single or three phase mains power, 50/60Hz.
1-2 888-2408-002
1.3 General Description

The Harris Platinum Z is a series of highly-functional, cost-effective FM radio
transmitters designed using a concept called Z-Axis 3-dimensional electronic
design. The Z5CD and Z5FM are 5kW versions of the Platinum Z FM transmitter.
The Z5CD (Clearly Digital) utilizes the Harris DigitCD, Digital FM exciter, while
the Z5FM would designate an analog exciter such as the Harris SuperCiter is being
used.
The Z-axis approach arranges the system RF components such as dividers,

combiners and amplifiers in three dimensions, to permit the most efficient possible
signal paths between them. The method allows the transmitter amplifying group to
be broken down economically into the smallest possible blocks for removal,
servicing and replacement. See Figure 4-1 on page 4-2 for overall block diagram.
1.3.1 Harris DIGIT Digital FM Exciter

The Harris DIGIT FM exciter is supplied as standard equipment with all Platinum Z
transmitters. The DIGIT, with its digital input module, generates the complete
stereo FM waveform in the digital domain, using a digital signal processor (DSP) as
a stereo generator and composite limiter, and a 32-bit numerically controlled
oscillator (NCO) as a digital modulator. Digital techniques allow direct connection
of standard AES/EBU stereo audio data to the FM exciter to eliminate the distortion
and alignment problems of analog signal paths and analog FM exciters. DIGIT is
also available with an analog interface module for stations with analog program
paths, easily interchangeable with the digital module.
1.3.2 Harris SuperCiter Analog Exciter

The optional Harris SuperCiter is a 55 watt, high quality, analog exciter designed
for broadcasters needing state-of-the-art analog performance at a value price. The
SuperCiter combines time-proven PLL technology with modern RF amplifier
circuits to provide driving power of very high quality to any FM transmitter.
1.3.3 Redundant Exciters

Each transmitter includes one exciter in a basic version but allows space for a
second optional exciter with the needed exciter exchange autoswitching hardware
and control already within the cabinet.
888-2408-002 1-3
1.3.4 PA/IPA Modules

Each PA Modules consists of two independent RF amplifiers or PAs. Each PA has
two MOSFET devices mounted on a compact heat spreading assembly and is
capable of providing up to 425 watts (850W per module). Each PA module consists
of two RF PAs mounted on opposite sides of the heatsink assembly. The RF
modules plug directly into an isolated combiner without using channel sensitive RF
cables. PA modules are “hot-pluggable” and can be removed and inserted into an
operating transmitter without removing plugs and cables. Each PA module is
conservatively rated to produce over 750 watts of output power into a system
VSWR of 1.5:1 at up to 50 degrees C ambient temperature at sea level.
The IPA consists of a standard PA Module with only one side active at a time to
provide the required drive to the 5kW PA. The transmitter contains sensing, logic
and switching circuitry which will automatically switch from a failed IPA to the
remaining one. For even further redundancy, any PA module can also be used as an
IPA module, without modification.
1.3.5 RF Combining
Each PA (one half of a PA module) is combined first in groups of eight in a
compact, “Z plane” isolated combiner. True isolation means that each module will
continue to work into a nominal 50 ohm load regardless of the number of active
amplifiers, for almost zero stress to the amplifiers during fault conditions. The
outputs of the 8 way combiners are then combined in a compact 3dB hybrid. The
3dB hybrid provides improved load conditions for the RF modules and tends to
absorb power received by the antenna. This can reduce the amount of RF
intermodulation generated by the transmitter when co-sited with other FM
transmitters.
1.3.6 Control System

A microprocessor based controller monitors over 100 operating functions of the
transmitter and makes intelligent operating decisions based on operating conditions.
Detailed system information is available using the front panel diagnostic display.
The controller is designed for direct connection to standard parallel remote control
systems.
The Controller also includes built-in logic and controls for automatically switching
to the reserve IPA section, and a backup exciter if installed. The main controller
provides automatic power control, VSWR overload protection, automatic VSWR
foldback, RF power soft start, AC restart and diagnostics. Basic control functions
available even without the main controller are VSWR protection, IPA protection,
transmitter on/off, failsafe and interlock.
The control system for the transmitter is modular and is centered on the backplane
which is also the control panel for the transmitter. Various control printed circuit
1-4 888-2408-002
boards are plugged into the backplane to fit the transmitter for the configuration
being supplied.
The control system front panel includes an output metering LCD display which can
be used to view power output, VSWR, PA voltage and PA current. A second LCD
window , the Diagnostics Display, permits extensive viewing of internal voltages,
temperatures and a detailed Fault Log to easily pin-point problems. Long-life LED
fault and status indicators and reliable membrane switches provide all needed local
control and selection for the transmitter.
1.3.7 Directional RF Sample Port

Platinum Z FM transmitters provide an RF sample port with 30dB nominal
directivity. A directional RF sample provides more accurate performance
measurements by supplying a nearly reflection free RF sample source for external
monitoring equipment.
1.3.8 Power Supplies

The Z5 can be configured with a 3-Phase or Single Phase power supply. Both of
these supplies are dual units, with each supply powering half of the PA amplifiers.
Most other sections such as the IPA and the control system are powered from both
supplies. The supplies are regulated by reliable tap-switching techniques (non-
switching design). This approach provides high conversion efficiency and excellent
power factor with very low line harmonics, in an easy to service design. The power
supplies are mounted on a roll-out mounting plate for complete accessibility. The
dual-supply concept protects against total loss of service due to loss of a single
supply.
1.3.9 Air System

The Platinum Z uses a 2 speed fan to pull air in the back of the transmitter and
exhausts it out the top. There are air channels up through the PA assembly for
cooling. Upon startup, the transmitter will run at high speed for 1 minute, then will
drop to a lower speed provided there are no active faults. If a fault does occur during
normal operation the fan will automatically switch to high speed. For detailed
airflow information, refer to the Cabinet Outline Drawing in the Schematic
package.
1.4 Performance Specifications

See Sales Brochure at the end of this manual for a listing of the Performance
Specifications for the Platinum Z FM Transmitter.
NOTE:
Specifications subject to change without notice.
888-2408-002 1-5
1-6 888-2408-002
Installation &
Initial Turn-On
2.1 Introduction
This section contains information for the installation of the Platinum Z5 solid state
FM Broadcast Transmitter and for performing the pre-operational checks.
NOTE:
For Dual transmitter installations refer to the Systems Manual before
proceeding with this procedure.
2.2 Unpacking
Carefully unpack the transmitter and perform a visual inspection to ensure that no
apparent damage was incurred during shipment. Retain the shipping materials until
it has been determined that the unit is not damaged. The contents of the shipment
should be as indicated on the packing list. If the contents are incomplete or if the
unit is damaged electrically or mechanically, notify the carrier and HARRIS
CORPORATION, Broadcast Systems
2.3 Returns and Exchanges

Damaged or undamaged equipment should not be returned unless written approval
and a Return Authorization is received from HARRIS CORPORATION, Broadcast
Division. Special shipping instructions and coding will be provided to assure proper
handling. Complete details regarding circumstances and reasons for return are to be
included in the request for return. Custom equipment or special order equipment is
not returnable. In those instances where return or exchange of equipment is at the
request of the customer, or convenience of the customer, a restocking fee will be
charged. All returns will be sent freight prepaid and properly insured by the
customer. When communicating with HARRIS CORPORATION, Broadcast
Systems, specify the HARRIS Order Number or Invoice Number.
888-2408-002 2-1
Installation & Initial Turn-On
2.4 Air Cooling Requirements

Harris transmitters are designed to operate in a free, unobstructed environment with
a maximum inlet air temperature of 50°C. This means that the transmitter air system
is designed to supply sufficient air at the required static pressure to cool the
transmitter only. Any additional pressure losses introduced by air exhaust systems
& air supply systems must be satisfied by means other than the transmitter blowers.
These inlet & exhaust systems generally need to be fan driven. Refer to the Outline
Drawing in the schematic package for information on intake and exhaust air flows.
NOTE:
“Clean” air is required. No salt air, polluted air, or sulphur air can be tol-
erated. A closed air system is recommended in these environments;
that is, an air conditioned room that recirculates, and properly filters,
the room air. No outside air is brought into the transmitter room.
2.5 Z5 Transmitter Installation

Prior to installation, this Technical Manual and the appropriate FM Exciter
Technical Manual should be carefully studied to obtain a thorough understanding of
the principles of operation, circuitry and nomenclature. This will facilitate proper
installation and initial checkout.
! CAUTION:
ALL CONNECTIONS REFERRED TO IN THIS INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
SHOULD BE VERIFIED USING THE SCHEMATICS SUPPLIED WITH THE
TRANSMITTER. THE SCHEMATICS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED THE MOST
ACCURATE IN CASE OF A DISCREPANCY.
The FM Transmitter installation is accomplished in the following order:
1. Transmitter placement
2. Visual Inspection
3. Exciter Installation
4. Power Supply Installation
5. Transmitter wiring
6. Initial checkout
7. Remote Control Connections
2-2 888-2408-002
2.5.1 Transmitter Placement

Set the transmitter in place on a level surface near power and signal cables. Either or
both sides of the FM Transmitter may be placed against a wall or other equipment.
Complete access is through the front and rear of the transmitter. The floor must be
capable of supporting a load of 250 pounds per-square-foot (1221 kg per-square-
meter) (refer to Cabinet Outline drawing). Also be aware that the power supplies are
very heavy and roll out the front of the transmitter for maintenance. Be sure to have
a smooth flat surface in front of the transmitter of at least 36 inches for power
supply maintenance.
2.5.1.1 Removal of Pallet Bolts

There are 4 bolts which must be removed in order to take the transmitter off the
wooden pallet, 2 toward the front of the cabinet and 2 toward the rear. Location of
these bolts can be verified by looking for the bolt heads underneath the pallet. If the
transmitter was shipped with the power supply removed, simply remove the power
supply cover from the bottom front of the transmitter cabinet to access the pallet
bolts. However, if the transmitter was shipped with the power supply installed, the
power supply tray is covering the bolts, so the fan assembly on the rear of the
transmitter will also have to be removed to access the rear pallet bolts (the power
supply itself does not have to be removed). Open and remove the rear door by lifting
it off its hinges. Remove the fan assembly by removing six screws and two nuts
located around the outside edge of the fan assembly. Slowly move the assembly to
the righthand side and disconnect the blower wire connector. The fan assembly can
now be set aside while removing the transmitter from the pallet. The rear pallet bolts
can now be accessed under the rear of the power supply tray.
After the transmitter is off the pallet, it is also a good idea to remove the shipping
screws holding the rear of the power supply tray. This will allow the power supply
to be rolled out the front of the transmitter at a later date without having to take off
the fan assembly.
2.5.2 Visual Inspection

Be sure to check the connection of all cables and wires in the transmitter. Areas to
check would include:
a. Power Supply Connections

1. Check for loose cables and connections on the power supply trays and
loose hardware on the floor of the cabinet.
2. Make sure the Rectifier Boards are properly seated in the connectors on
top of the transformers (3-phase version).
3. Check the power supply and control connections to the Rectifier
Boards.
888-2408-002 2-3
b. Controller Connections
1. Check the Ribbon cables connected to the back of the controller boards
and to the exciter(s).
2. Make sure that all of the boards in the controller are properly seated in
the backplane (motherboard) connector.
2.5.3 Exciter Installation
The exciter may or may not be removed from the transmitter depending on the
shipping considerations. If the exciter was not removed for shipping, then all
transmitter connections will already be hooked up. The audio input connections and
level adjustments can be found in the exciter manual accompanying the transmitter.
Install the exciter input cables in a metal conduit which is separate from the AC
supply. Remote control cabling may be included in the same conduit with the
exciter cabling. AC power wiring and small signal lines should never be put in the
same conduit.
If the exciter was removed for shipping, there are three cables which will need to be
hooked up (not counting the audio inputs).
a. A ribbon cable which will hook to the remote control connector on the back
of the exciter. This is A10-J2 on the SuperCiter and J2 on the ‘DIGIT.
b. A coaxial cable with a male BNC connector which connects to the exciter rf
output. This is A10-J11 on the SuperCiter and J1 on the DIGIT.
c. AC Power Cable. Verify that the exciter is set for the correct operating volt-
age. For more information refer to the Exciter Manual, Section II, Installation.
NOTE:
For Digit Exciters, the VCO shipping screws must be removed as out-
lined in the exciter manual in Section II.
2-4 888-2408-002
2.5.4 3-Phase Power Supply Installation

The Z5 transmitter can be configured with either a 3-Phase or Single Phase power
supply. Operation of the supplies is basically the same with both using the dynamic
tap switching for efficiency. However, their physical make-up is different and
requires separate installation procedures. The 3-phase will be discussed first, then
the Single Phase will follow. Note that some transmitters may be shipped with the
power supply installed, depending on where and how it is shipped. If the power
supply is already installed and your measured AC voltage at the wall breaker
matches the Factory test data sheet and the tag on the main AC contactor in the rear
of the transmitter then skip the power supply installation and proceed directly to
"2.5.6 Transmitter AC Connections" on page 2-11. If there are any discrepancies
then the transformer tapping will have to be checked and possibly changed as
outlined below.
! WARNING:
DISCONNECT AND LOCKOUT STATION PRIMARY POWER AT THE WALL
BREAKER BEFORE MAKING ANY CONNECTIONS.
2.5.4.1 Power Transformer Tapping

The power transformers are tapped at the factory for the primary AC voltage
specified by the customer. This voltage should be documented in the factory test
data accompanying the transmitter and tagged at the main contactor in the rear of
the transmitter. However, the voltage at the site and the transformer tapping should
be verified by the installation personnel. The input voltage and strapping chart is
shown on the Overall System Block Diagram along with the transformer schematic.
Verification and/or re-tapping will require opening the power supply access panel
on the front of the transmitter, disconnecting the supply and rolling it out (this is
only if the transmitter was shipped with the power supply installed). To remove the
power supply, refer to Section V, under the heading “Power Supply Removal.”
888-2408-002 2-5
2.5.4.2 Power Supply Connections

First, remove the front cover panel from the power supply compartment at the
bottom of the transmitter. The power supply connection cables are either tied up in
the power supply compartment (in the bottom of the transmitter) or tied up with the
power transformers. The power supply should be rolled into position in front of the
transmitter. Do not roll it in yet. There are two separate supplies on the tray, PS1 is
in front and PS2 is in the rear. The following cables will need to be connected:
a. There are two ribbon cables W11 and W12 (blue) and one control voltage
cable W21 (gray with orange connector) hanging on the right side of the
power supply compartment.
1. First connect W12 to J4 on the PS2 Rectifier Board. See Figure 2-1.
2. Now the supply can be rolled into the cabinet. Be sure to get the orange
AC input cables, #1, #2 and #3 and wires #40 and #41 out of the way
before rolling the power supply all of the way in. These are bundled on
the left side of the power supply compartment.
3. Connect W11 to J4 on the PS1 Rectifier Board.
4. Connect W21 (flat gray cable with orange connector) to J6 on the PS1
Rectifier Board.
b. The cable labeled A1P2 (gray multi-conductor cable with 12 pin gray connector)
plugs into its mating connector on the left wall of the power supply compartment.
c. Roll the power supply the rest of the way into the cabinet.
Figure 2-1 3-Phase Power Supply Top View

2-6 888-2408-002
d. Wires 45 and 52 (large orange cables tied up with the transformers) connect to
the feed-thru terminals, C3 and C4 at the top of the power supply compart-
ment. These are the 52Vdc outputs from the two supplies. See Figure 2-2. The
wires connect as follows:
• Wire #52 connects to C4 (on the left along with wire #81)
• Wire #45 connects to C3 (on the right along with wire #80)
e. Wires #1, #2, and #3 (orange cables tied up on the left side of the power sup-
ply compartment) and two smaller gray wires #40 and #41* plug into the gray
Wego block connector, A17TB1 on the front of the power supply tray (A17
designates a component on the power supply tray). See Figure 2-1. The Wego
block has 8 terminals labeled terminal #1 on the left and #8 on the right. The
connections are as follows:
• Wire #1 connects to terminal #1
• Wire #41* connects to terminal #8
(*Wire #41 is not used on 3 phase 4-wire system)
NOTE:
If these wires are not connected to the appropriate terminal on the
Wego block, as designated on the Overall System Block Diagram, the
blower may not operate.
Figure 2-2 DC and Ground Connections for 3-Phase Power Supply

888-2408-002 2-7
f. To insert the wires into the Wego block, insert a screwdriver into the rectan-
gular slot above the wire hole then carefully lift. This will open the contact
inside the Wego block and the wire can be inserted. Be very careful not to let
the wire ends fray as the connectors are very close together and could cause a
short. The wire insulation should actually extend just inside the Wego block
hole.
g. The large orange ground wires, #46 and 60, coming from the top of each rec-
tifier assembly attach to ground studs at the top-front edge of the power sup-
ply compartment. It is located under the shelf which separates the power
supply from the PA compartment just above C3 and C4. See Figure 2-2.
h. Connect the safety ground wire to the stud on the front of the power supply
tray, just in front of A17TB1, See Figure 2-1.
i. Tighten the two hold down nuts located on the bottom front corners of the
power supply compartment. Re-install the front cover panel for the power
supply compartment.
2.5.5 Single Phase Power Supply Installation

Before installing the power supply check the primary ac tapping on the power
transformers as outlined below. Even if the transmitter was shipped with the power
supply installed, it would be a good idea to check the power supply tapping if
possible.
2.5.5.1 Power Transformer Tapping

The power transformers are tapped at the factory for the primary AC voltage
specified by the customer. This voltage should be documented in the factory test
data accompanying the transmitter and tagged at the ac contactor. However, the
voltage at the site and the transformer tapping should be verified by the installation
personnel. The input voltage and strapping chart is shown on the Overall System
Block Diagram along with the transformer schematic. Verification and/or re-tapping
will require opening the power supply access panel on the front of the transmitter
and rolling out the power supply if the transmitter was shipped with the power
supply already installed (this depends on where and how it is shipped).
2-8 888-2408-002
2.5.5.2 Single Phase Power Supply Connections

First, remove the front cover panel from the power supply compartment at the
bottom of the transmitter. The power supply connection cables are either tied up in
the power supply compartment (in the bottom of the transmitter) or tied up with the
power transformers. The power supply should be rolled into position in front of the
transmitter. Do not roll it all the way in. The following cables will need to be
connected:
a. There are two ribbon cables and one power connector hanging on the right
side of the power supply compartment inside the transmitter. The ribbon
cables connect to J4 on the Rectifier Boards. The longer ribbon cable, W12
connects to the Rectifier Board on PS2 (nearest the back of the transmitter)
and should be connected first. Be sure to route this cable so it does not touch
the resistor standing up on top of the Rectifier heatsink. See Figure 2-3.
b. The shorter blue ribbon cable, W21 connects to the front Rectifier Board on
PS1. The power cable, W11 (the gray cable with the orange connector) con-
nects to J6, on the Rectifier Board nearest the front of the transmitter.
c. The cable labeled A1P2 (gray and yellow multi-conductor cable with gray
connector) plugs into its mating connector on the left wall of the power sup-
ply compartment. Roll the power supply all the way into the cabinet.
d. Wires 80 and 81 (large orange cables tied up with the transformers) connect to
the feed-thru terminals at the top of the power supply compartment. See Fig-
ure 2-4. The cables are dressed such that the shorter cable, 81 connects to the
left hand terminal and the longer cable, 80 connects to the right hand terminal.
Figure 2-3 Single Phase Power Supply Top View

888-2408-002 2-9
e. Wires #1 and #2 (orange cables tied up on the left side of the power supply
compartment) plug into the gray Wego block connector on the front of the
power supply tray. See Figure 2-3. Wire #1 goes to the left and #2 in the 3rd
hole from the left. Wires #40 and #41 are inserted into the 5th and 6th holes
respectively from the left. To insert the wires into the Wego block, insert a
screwdriver into the rectangular slot behind the wire hole and then carefully
push toward the rear of the transmitter. This will open the contact inside the
Wego block and the wire can be inserted. Be very careful not to let the wire
ends fray as the connectors are very close together and could cause a short.
The wire insulation should actually extend just inside the Wego block hole.
f. The large orange ground wires, #52 and 152, coming from the power supply
attach to the ground stud at the top-front edge of the power supply compart-
ment. It is located under the shelf which separates the power supply from the
PA compartment, see Figure 2-4.
g. Connect the safety ground wire to the stud on the front of the power supply
tray, just in front of A17TB1, See Figure 2-3.
h. Tighten the two hold down nuts located on the bottom front corners of the
power supply compartment.
Re-install the front cover panel for the power supply compartment.
Figure 2-4 DC and Ground Connections for Single Phase Power Supply
2-10 888-2408-002
2.5.6 Transmitter AC Connections

The ac input for the transmitter should be low impedance, 50/60 Hz, single or three
phase depending on transmitter phase supply with sufficient capacity to supply the
transmitter. Refer to the “Z2 Outline Drawing” in the drawing package for current
ratings, nominal fuse sizes and wire gauge for the 3 phase delta, 4 wire wye, and
single phase input voltage combinations.For more information AC power require-
ments see “Power Distribution for Optimum Transmitter Performance” at the
end of this section.
A customer supplied ac primary power disconnect or means to completely de-

energize the transmitter primary circuit for servicing is necessary.
NOTE:
Harris does not recommend using circuit breakers for the main trans-
mitter disconnect due to the inrush current during turn-on.
The recommended fuse type is class RK5, a dual element time delay fuse. Examples
are the Bussmann FRN-R (250V), FRS-R (600V), Littelfuse FLNR (250V), FLSR
(600V), and Ferraz gG fuses. If you prefer to use a circuit breaker in your
installation, select one with a motor-starting trip curve, similar to the RK5 curve for
fuses. This type of delayed response is needed in order to accommodate the
momentary in-rush current. This can be 300 to 600 amps, depending on the
transmitter model and AC configuration.
! WARNING:
DISCONNECT AND LOCK OUT PRIMARY POWER TO THE TRANSMITTER
BEFORE PROCEEDING.
2.5.6.1 Information concerning some 360 to 416 volt systems

This transmitter is equipped with MOVs (metallic oxide varistors) which provide a
measure of protection against incoming overvoltage transients. However, the
selection of some of the MOVs relies upon knowing the approximate voltage from
each AC phase to ground. Unfortunately a few AC power systems around the world
do not have a direct connection to earth ground, thereby making it impossible to
predict the phase-to-earth ground voltage.
In a typical 380 volt system that has a connection to earth ground, each AC phase
will measure about 220 volts to ground. The phase-to-phase, and phase-to-ground
voltages should be balanced within a few percent.
However, in a system which has no direct connection to earth ground, each AC

phase will measure a voltage which follows no particular pattern. In such a case, the
888-2408-002 2-11
MOV protection may need to be modified. Please consult with an electrician if this
applies to your installation. If applicable, the phase-to-earth 275 volt MOVs in the
RV7 through RV13 and RV20 positions may be replaced with 510 volt MOVs
(Harris part number 560-0042-000, quantity 8).
For safety reasons, you also must install a 4 pole disconnect device if your neutral
line is not connected to earth ground.
2.5.6.2 AC Input Connection

AC connections are made to the top of the main
contactor K1, located in the top righthand
corner in the back of the transmitter. Bring the
ac wires through the holes in the top of the
transmitter and connect to the top terminals on
contactor K1. Access is also available through
the bottom of the transmitter.
For 380VAC (342 - 432VAC) 3 Phase 4-wire

systems, there is also a large insulated standoff
located near the main contactor for the
NEUTRAL connection.
! CAUTION:
THE NEUTRAL CONNECTION IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT IN 380VAC 4
WIRE APPLICATIONS. BY VIRTUE OF THE SINGLE PHASE LOADS
WITHIN THE TRANSMITTER, THE SYSTEM IS NOT ENTIRELY
BALANCED, REQUIRING NEUTRAL CURRENT TO MAINTAIN PROPER
PHASE TO NEUTRAL VOLTAGES. A POOR NEUTRAL CONNECTION
COULD CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE SINGLE PHASE ELEMENTS IN THE
TRANSMITTER.
NOTE:
The NEUTRAL connection is NOT required for 208/220VAC 4-wire
WYE source voltage and should not be run to the transmitter.
There is no connection in the transmitter for the neutral connection (for
this application) and it should not be connected to chassis ground. The
power supply transformers in the transmitter will be configured as
delta for this application.
2-12 888-2408-002
2.5.6.3 Grounding
The importance of a good grounding system and lightning protection can hardly be
overemphasized for reasons of personnel safety, protection of the equipment, and
equipment performance. The following is only a brief overview.
Lightning and transient energy via the power line or tower connections can impose
serious threats to your personal safety as well as damage the equipment. For these
reasons you should have a good protective earthing system to divert these forms of
energy to earth ground. Proper grounding of the equipment also guards against
electrical shock hazards that would exist if the equipment failed in a way which put
a hazardous voltage on the chassis.
A good grounding system should include substantial grounding at the tower base
using copper ground rods and/or a buried copper ground screen, with copper strap
used to connect the tower base to earth ground. A low impedance will help carry
lightning current directly into the ground instead of into your building. Additionally,
coax shield(s) should be electrically connected to and exit the tower as near to the
bottom as practical to minimize the lightning voltage potential carried by the coax
into your building.
For coaxes, a single point of entry into the building is best, with all connected to a
common grounding plate (or bulkhead panel) having a low impedance connection
to the building perimeter ground. Wide copper straps should be used for making the
connection from the common grounding plate to earth ground.
A common grounding plate is also the best location for coaxial surge protectors for
sensitive equipment such as an STL receiver. Ideally, this plate should also be the
entry point for all signal lines, and serve as a single point ground for AC power
surge protection.
A good ground system should include perimeter grounding of the transmitter

building using copper ground rods and copper strap. There should also be a copper
strap running from tower ground to the building perimeter ground.
Good grounding and shielding will help keep stray RF current to a minimum. RF
interference usually shows up in one of several ways, intermittent problems with
digital or remote control circuits, audio feedback or high pitched noise. Even a
small amount of non-shielded wire makes a very efficient antenna for RF and
transient energy. If RF is allowed into the audio equipment, it can be rectified and
may show up as noise or feedback. Wire and cable shields should normally be
connected at both ends to the equipment chassis.
888-2408-002 2-13
A ground strap attachment point is located on the top, right rear, of the cabinet (use
four 1/4-20 brass screws with brass washers). Use this connection when utilizing a
single point grounding system, attaching your ground strap to the common
grounding plate. An alternate ground connection is a short copper strap on the back
of the Platinum Z transmitter, on the bottom right side. Unfold this strap and
securely bolt or silver solder it to the building ground. This strap can be removed
from the bottom and used at the top.
A grounding stud is also provided near the AC input connections in the upper
portion of the Platinum Z transmitter. Use this connection for the power line ground.
It is located above the low voltage power supply board.
2.5.6.4 Low Voltage Power Supply and Blower

The Low Voltage Power Supply and the blower motor operate from any voltage
within the specified range of the tapping chart without re-tapping.
2.5.6.5 Exciter AC Voltage Selection

Once the site voltage has been checked, verify that the exciter(s) are set for the
proper input ac voltage. For verification, the selected voltage should be visible next
to the ac power cord connection on the rear of the exciter. For information on setting
the exciter voltage, refer to the exciter technical manual.
2.5.7 RF Output Connection

The station transmission line may now be connected at the 1 5/8" EIA flange
located on top of the transmitter. Be sure the bullet seats correctly and all flange
bolts are tight. Make sure the clamp at the top of the harmonic filter is tightened.
2.5.8 Audio Input Connections

All audio signals connect directly to the back of the exciter(s) by routing the cables
through the top or bottom of the transmitter. The exciter technical manual has all of
the information pertaining to audio connections, input levels and adjustments. Be
sure to leave enough cable slack to allow the exciter to be pulled all of the way out
on the rack slides.
2-14 888-2408-002
2.5.9 External and Failsafe Interlock Connections

The transmitter is shipped with two jumpers installed on TB1, the Remote Control
Interface terminal strip: TB1-7 to TB1-6(GND) is for External Interlock and TB1-8
to TB1-10(GND) is for Failsafe.
2.5.9.1 External Interlock Connection

To use the External Interlock connection, remove the jumper between terminals
TB1-7 to TB1-6(GND), then connect external interlock wires. A contact closure
allows the transmitter to operate. When the external interlock connection is opened
the PA power supplies, blower and exciter turn off, the status of the transmitter is set
to off. The external interlock wires can also be connected directly to the Life
Support Board at J4-7 and J4-10 if it is desired to have the interlock completely
separate from the remote control interface. The TB1 and J4 connections are in
parallel. Only one or the other is to be used. NOTE: The transmitter will require an
ON command after the external interlock connection is restored.
! CAUTION:
TO CONNECT TO THE WAGO BLOCK, J4 ON THE LIFE SUPPORT BOARD
REQUIRES PRESSING A SCREWDRIVER INTO THE RECTANGULAR
SLOT ON THE FRONT SIDE OF THE BLOCK SO THE WIRE CAN BE
INSERTED FROM THE REAR. BE SURE TO PROPERLY SUPPORT THE
BOARD SO THAT IT IS NOT BENT OR STRESSED IN ANY WAY WHILE
INSERTING THE WIRES.
2.5.9.2 Failsafe Interlock Connection

To use the failsafe interlock connection, remove the jumper between TB1-8 to TB1-
10(GND), then connect failsafe interlock wires. A contact closure allows the
transmitter to operate. The Failsafe connection can be used for any application
which requires muting the transmitter RF output. When the failsafe interlock
connection is open the fan is set to high, the IPA and exciter are muted. The failsafe
interlock wires can also be connected directly to the Life Support Board at J4-7 and
J4-8 if it is desired to have the failsafe interlock completely separate from the
remote control interface. The TB1 and J4 connections are in parallel. Only one or
the other is to be used. NOTE: The transmitter will transmit when the failsafe
interlock connection is restored (if it was transmitting when the failsafe connection
was opened).
888-2408-002 2-15
2.5.10 Initial Turn-on

Each transmitter is thoroughly checked out during factory final test but adjustment
may be required during installation due to shipping, variations in primary power,
antenna systems, or transmission line differences. Any remote or extended control
connections should be connected only after the transmitter is checked out and fully
operational. Refer to the Factory Test Data Sheets supplied with the transmitter for
typical meter readings. The transmitter was checked into a 50-ohm resistive load at
the Factory.
The Transmitter ON-OFF sequence is controlled by three separate buttons:

• HIGH
• LOW
• OFF
These buttons are located on the front panel of the Controller.
STEP 1 Activate the STATION AC POWER source to the transmitter.
STEP 2 Turn on the low voltage power supply breaker, CB1, located in the
rear of the transmitter cabinet in the upper right-hand corner. There
are 6 green LEDs on the Low Voltage Supply board which should be
illuminated. Close and secure the rear door.
STEP 3 Verify that the two LCD displays on the front of the controller are
active. The Diagnostics display should look like Figure 2-5. The
Fault LED on the front panel will be lit, since the modules are not
installed yet, and should be ignored at this point.
Figure 2-5 Default Display

STEP 4 Press the PA VOLTS button on the front panel of the controller.
STEP 5 Press the LOW power ON button on the front of the controller, but
be ready to quickly press the off button if necessary. The PA VOLTS
reading on the front panel should be above 40Vdc and the blower
should come on at HIGH Speed.
2-16 888-2408-002
NOTE:
If the blower does not run, check the position of wires #1, #2 and #3
for 3-phase or wires #1 and #2 for a single phase, at A17TB1. If these
are connected in the wrong position, the fan may not operate (this is
also true for the single phase transmitter due to switching on the Low
Voltage Supply Board). Also check blower fuses F1 and F2 located in
the bottom deck of the front PA compartment (F2 not used in 3 phase
4-wire systems).
STEP 6 If the PA VOLTS reading appears okay then shut the transmitter off
and insert the PA and IPA Modules as directed below. See Figure 2-6
and Figure 2-7.
STEP 7 PA Module installation - Four PA modules and 1 IPA module are

inserted in the front of the cabinet and four PA modules are inserted
in the back of the cabinet. The PA and IPA modules are symmetrical
which means they can be inserted with either side of the module
facing up and cannot be inserted improperly. The modules should
only require a minimal amount of force for insertion into the card
edge connectors. If they do not slide in easily, check the connectors
on the combiner boards, and visually inspect the combiner assembly
to verify nothing has come loose and/or moved during shipment.
! WARNING:
THE PA MODULES ARE DESIGNED TO HANDLE VERY HIGH TEMPERATURES
AND MAY BE EXTREMELY HOT. DO NOT TOUCH THE MODULES WITH BARE
HANDS AFTER THE TRANSMITTER HAS BEEN RUNNING, ESPECIALLY IN HIGH
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTS.
STEP 8 Optimization - The Factory Test Data Sheet contains the serial
numbers of each of the PA and IPA modules. The data sheet also tells
which slot each of the PA modules were connected into during
factory testing. While it is Not Critical to operation, the transmitter
readings may be closer to the data sheet if the PA and IPA modules
are placed in the same positions as during factory testing. The
module serial number tag should be on top of the module when
inserted into the transmitter.
! CAUTION:
EACH MODULE HAS TWO CAPTIVE THUMBSCREWS WHICH MUST BE
TIGHTENED TO ASSURE PROPER MODULE OPERATION. THEY SHOULD
BE FINGER TIGHT. IF A SMALL SCREWDRIVER IS USED, BE SURE NOT
TO OVERTIGHTEN.
888-2408-002 2-17
B1 A1
B2
B3 A2
A3
A4
IPA_AB2
IPA_AB1 B4
Figure 2-6 PA Compartment Front View
B5
A5
B6
A6
B7
A7
A8 B8
Figure 2-7 PA Compartment Rear View
2-18 888-2408-002
STEP 9 For the dual IPA configuration, the IPA will be identical to any of the
PA modules and may be plugged in with either side up in the IPA
slot. To see which IPA is active press [HOME, STATUS D,B]. This
should bring up the screen shown in Figure 2-8. If the transmitter is
configured with only a single IPA, then one half of the module will
be empty. It is recommended that the IPA module be inserted with
the amplifier on the right side of the heatsink. This places the
amplifier in the IPA_AB1 position (the default for the controller). If
the IPA is on the left side of the heatsink when inserted, then
IPA_AB2 will have to be selected before operating the transmitter.
To select IPA_AB2 press the [D] or switch key to toggle from
IPA_AB1 to IPA_AB2 and back.
Figure 2-8 IPA Status and Manual Switch

[HOME, STATUS D,B]
STEP 10 With all of the modules installed, the Fault LED on the controller
front panel should be flashing at this point. This indicates that there
are inactive faults in the fault log which need to be cleared at this
time. To reset the Fault Log press [FAULT, C, and then D for YES].
This will erase all inactive faults in the Fault Log and the front panel
Fault LED should be off. If the “FAULT” LED on the front panel of
the controller is not lit, then proceed to the next step.
If the “FAULT” LED, on the front panel of the controller, is
illuminated (not flashing), use the Fault Log to find the active
fault(s) and refer to Section VI, Troubleshooting for information on
how to track down the problem.
STEP 11 Turn the transmitter back ON at LOW power. Verify that the exciter
power is the same as the factory test data sheet. This can affect
performance.
The fan will run at high speed for 1 minute then will automatically
switch to low speed provided there are no faults. Any fault will
cause the fan to automatically switch to high speed. There is also an
option to force the fan speed to HIGH in the Configuration menus of
the Diagnostics Display. See Table 2-14 on page 2-24.
888-2408-002 2-19
STEP 12 At this point, if there are no faults, verify that the transmitter display
readings closely resemble those on the factory test data sheet for
LOW power. If the “FAULT” LED comes on, go to the Fault Log in
the Diagnostics Display to find out which fault has been activated
and refer to Section VI, Troubleshooting. If everything looks okay,
proceed to the next step.
STEP 13 Press the HIGH power ON button on the front panel of the controller.
If there are no faults, again verify all of the transmitter display
readings against those in the factory test data sheet.
STEP 14 This step is optional, as it simply makes the transmitter FWD PWR
% meter read 100% at the customer specified Transmitter Power
Output (TPO), which should already be factory set. This will not
change the kW reading on the FWD PWR display.
a. Set the power to the desired TPO using the raise and lower but-
tons.
b. Go to the 100% TPO SET screen [HOME,MORE,CONFIGU-
RATION B,A] and set the power level to your TPO. Press
[BACK] to update and store the new information.
c. The front panel FWD PWR reading should be 100%. You may
also want change the MAX HIGH and MAX LOW power set-
tings to something more in line with your new TPO as well.
MAX HIGH sets the maximum power level when the HIGH ON
button is pressed, while MAX LOW sets the maximum power
level when the LOW ON button is pressed. The procedure for
changing power limits is given in Section V, Maintenance and
Alignments.
The initial turn on is now complete.
2-20 888-2408-002
2.5.11 Remote Control Connections

The Platinum Z5 Transmitter may be operated by remote control by installing a
remote control system. If the transmitter is to be remotely controlled, it is important
to initiate thorough inspection and maintenance procedures at the transmitter
location. Installation of equipment to monitor temperature and humidity at the
remote transmitter site is also recommended.
Terminations provided in the Platinum Z5 Transmitter allow remote control of the

transmitter functions by connection to terminals on terminal board A1TB1. TB1 is a
38 pin Terminal strip with a D-connector on the back which connects to J20 on the
controller. Table 2-1 on page 2-28 contains a complete listing and explanation of
connections for TB1. Figure 2-9 shows TB1 pinout and connections. TB1 is located
in the upper left side in the rear of the transmitter when viewing from the back.
Use shielded cable for the remote control lines and/or install it in a metal conduit. It
is acceptable to install it in the same conduit as the exciter input cables.
Figure 2-9 TB1 Customer Interface Connections
888-2408-002 2-21
2.5.11.1 Control Inputs

Input control lines are standard ground switching inputs. The inputs can be operated
by relay contact or transistor switching. See Figure 2-10.
Figure 2-10 Ground Switching for Remote Control Lines
2.5.11.2 Status Ouputs

The status output lines on TB1 are transistor type - open collector. Figure 2-11(A)
illustrates how to interface TB1 outputs with TTL logic circuits. Figure 2-11(B)
illustrates how to interface TB1 with an external relay.
Figure 2-11 TTL Logic and Relay Status Outputs
2-22 888-2408-002
A series resistor and LED can also be used for extended status indications.
Maximum external supply voltage should not exceed +28Vdc.
NOTE:
Maximum status line current is 25 mA. If the output is used to drive a
small printed circuit board type relay, check current requirements for
relay coil and be sure to install a circuit protection diode across the
coil. A 1N4004 or equivalent will work.
Figure 2-12 shows typical remote/extended control and status connections.
Figure 2-12 Remote/Extended Control and Status Connections
888-2408-002 2-23
Extended metering can also be connected to TB1 terminals. See Figure 2-13 for an
example of extended metering connections.
Figure 2-13 Extended Metering
2.6 UPS IN/Remote Exciter Select,

Configurable Input TB1-9
The remote input at TB1-9 is a software configurable input which is set via the
Diagnostics Display Menu. It can be used as either a UPS Mode select input or as a
Remote Exciter select when a second exciter is installed in the transmitter. To
configure the input using the Diagnostics Display Menu press [HOME, MORE,
CONFIGURATION A,D]. This should bring up the screen shown in Figure 2-14.
The default setting is shown as “UPS”. This means the input is ready to be used as
the UPS Mode select. To use TB1-9 as a Remote Exciter Select input press [B]. This
will toggle the display to read “EXC”. This re-configures the TB1-9 input so that
when it is pulsed low momentarily, the transmitter will switch to the other exciter.
NOTE:
This input is simply a switch command and does not care which
exciter was on the air to begin with. For example, if the Main exciter is
on the air, then it will switch to the alternate, but if the alternate is on
the air it will switch to the main exciter.
Figure 2-14 Configurable Input Select

[HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION A,D]
2-24 888-2408-002
2.6.1 Using an Uninterruptable Power Supply or UPS

If the transmitter is backed up with a UPS, to keep it operating during an ac power
failure, then the logical thing to do is to lower the transmitter power to conserve the
UPS for as long as possible. Therefore, during an ac power failure, the transmitter
has the ability to automatically operate at a reduced power level when backed up by
a UPS or even a generator if so desired.
When the UPS is activated, TB1-9, the remote control interface terminal strip, must
be pulled low. This will take the transmitter to the preset UPS power level which is
factory set for 2.5kW, via software in the Diagnostics Display System. However, if
the transmitter is operating in LOW power when the UPS mode is activated, then the
transmitter will stay at the LOW power level unless the UPS level is set lower. For
example, if LOW power is set for 2kW and UPS is set for 2.5kW, the transmitter will
stay at the LOW power level of 2kW. If the transmitter is operating at HIGH power
when the UPS mode is activated then it will drop to the UPS power setting.
2.6.1.1 Setting The UPS Power Level

The setting of the UPS power level is done in the software of the Diagnostics
Display Menu. To set the UPS power level press [HOME, MORE,
CONFIGURATION B,D,A] see Figure 2-15. Once the new UPS power level is set
press [BACK] to save the new information. Pressing [HOME] instead will cancel
any changes made and take you back to the main menu.
Figure 2-15 UPS Power Set

[HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION B,D,A]
888-2408-002 2-25
2.7 Optimizing Efficiency

The transmitter has the ability to Manually or Automatically optimize its own
operating efficiency. It is not a requirement, and the transmitter will meet all
specifications without activating this function. When activated, the controller will
adjust the transmitter operating parameters to get the best possible efficiency. The
user must select whether the function is in Manual or Automatic mode via the
Diagnostics Display Menus. To select the mode press [HOME, MORE,
CONFIGURATION A,D,D then A to Toggle: ON for Auto and OFF for Manual].
See Figure 2-16.
• Automatic Mode - When AUTO mode is selected, the transmitter will automati-
cally optimize the efficiency every 12 hours if there are no active faults present. This
is the recommended mode of operation and is the default mode from the factory.
• Manual Mode - In the Diagnostics Display, under Configuration, there is a
menu screen which can be used to optimize the transmitter efficiency. To opti-
mize efficiency press [HOME, METERING D,C then D for Maximization]. See
Figure 2-17.
NOTE:
The REF VOLTAGE in Figure 2-17 is merely an internal reference
point the controller uses to reduce the supply voltage in optimized
mode. This reading is usually in the low 40’s when the transmitter is
optimized (well below the actual supply voltage).
Figure 2-16 Configuring Auto Max Efficiency

[HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION A,D,D]
Figure 2-17 Efficiency Status

[HOME, METERING D,C]
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2.8 Setting the Low Power Alarm

The transmitter has a low power alarm output for a remote control system. The
power level at which this remote alarm output is triggered, at TB1-13
XMTR_PWR_LO_IND, is selectable in the Configuration Menus. To set this power
level press [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION B,D,B]. This should take you to
the screen in Figure 2-18. Set the power level at which you want the alarm to
become active and press [BACK] to save changes. For a complete listing of all
configurable parameters see “System Configuration and Calibration” in Section VI,
Troubleshooting.
Figure 2-18 Low Power Alarm Set Screen
2.9 Jumper Settings for Installation of a Harris Exciter

The following is for installing an exciter other than the one or two which came with
the transmitter. Any exciter tested and shipped with the transmitter will have already
been configured properly for the transmitter and should not require any jumper
changes. Table 2-2 includes all relevant jumper placement for the transmitter and
the following exciters:
• Digit CD Exciter with 994-9410-004 Part Number

• Digit Exciter with 994-9410-002 Part Number
• SuperCiter
• THE-1
Mounting Kits are available for each of the exciters listed.
888-2408-002 2-27
Table 2-1 TB1 Remote Control Interface Connections
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Table 2-1 TB1 Remote Control Interface Connections (continued)
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Table 2-2 Jumper Setting for installation of a Harris Exciter
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2.10 Power Distribution for Optimum Transmitter

Performance
This section is applicable to the three phase supplies only, as well as other three
phase equipment. For many years HARRIS engineers have recommended that the
three phase power distribution system should be either a closed delta or WYE
configuration to provide better radio and television transmitter performance by
helping prevent line unbalance. Operation with substantial voltage unbalance from
line to line results in higher than normal signal-to-noise ratio in the transmitter
output signal, increased three phase transformer heating, and hot three phase
motors.
2.10.1 Overheating from Line Unbalance

Even a device as simple as a three phase motor should be operated from a power
line in which the voltage is balanced within 1%. It takes only a 3.5% line unbalance
to produce a 25% increase above normal temperature. A 5% unbalance will cause
destructive temperature rises of 50% greater than normal!
Similar characteristics can be expected in the windings of a three phase power

transformer down inside the cabinet of your transmitter. Transformers and motors
can be designed with extra safety features where thermal rise is limited to
acceptable levels; however, in this case, other transmitter parameters cannot be
made acceptable at a reasonable cost.
2.10.2 Transmitter Noise Performance

The most difficult parameter to meet with power line unbalance is transmitter noise
performance. Most large transmitters use six-phase or twelve-phase high voltage
power supplies. The energy storage capacitors are expensive to install and large
stored energies make destructive faults inevitable. A good design will have
sufficient energy storage capacitors to meet the specified signal-to-noise but not
much more. When the equipment is then operated from an unbalanced line, the
power supply ripple frequency will be twice the line frequency instead of six to
twelve times. It becomes obvious that it would take three times as much energy
storage to achieve the original performance goal.
2.10.3 The Causes of Line Unbalance

How does a line unbalance occur? It is a rare case in which a large commercial
power producer would generate unbalanced voltage, so we must look elsewhere in
the system. When you have large single phase power users on a power line this can
cause uneven distribution of the line currents in the system. Uneven currents
through balanced impedances will result in line-to-line voltage unbalance.
888-2408-002 2-31
Another likely source of this problem can come from unbalanced impedances in the
power distribution system. Unbalanced impedance will always be seen when an
“open” delta three phase distribution system is used. Transformer design textbooks
clearly show that the voltage regulation of an unbalanced system is poor.
2.10.4 Three Phase Delta Distribution Transformers

Figure 2-19 shows open and closed delta systems. The closed delta impedance
looking into each terminal (A, B & C) is exactly the same; but this is not the case in
the open delta configuration. Depending on the impedances of the transformers in
the open delta circuit, line voltage unbalance sufficient to impair satisfactory
operation of the overall transmitter may result. For this reason, along with their
inherent susceptibility to transients, Harris does not recommend the use of open
delta systems.
Figure 2-19 Closed Delta vs. Open Delta
The only advantage of the open delta is lower initial cost, and this is partially offset
by the fact that when only two transformers are used, they must be larger than the
three transformers in a closed delta system.
Difficulties have often been experienced with open delta systems; but when a third
transformer was added to close the delta, the problems disappeared.
There is another problem which can occur with an open delta system, and that is
caused by lightning and switching transients. When lightning strikes or heavy loads
are switched on a power distribution system, high voltage transients are propagated
throughout the system. Unbalanced impedances will enhance these transients and
can cause transmitter damage, particularly to solid state rectifiers.
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Many transmitters are located at the end of a long transmission line which is highly
susceptible to transient phenomena. Devices such as Metal Oxide Varistors are
inexpensive and very effective in reducing over voltage spikes. These units are
limited in the amount of energy that can be dissipated, but will handle, if designed
properly, very large currents. You can’t take a direct lightning hit and still operate,
but not many things will. It has been reported by engineers that installation of a third
transformer and transient protection devices, have eliminated the difficulty.
2.10.5 Three Phase Wye Distribution Transformers

The WYE connected system is also considered a symmetrical form of three phase
power distribution. All impedances are balanced as seen from each terminal, see
Figure 2-20. It is important when using a WYE connected system that the fourth
wire (neutral) is connected to the mid-point of the system as shown in the diagram.
When this connection is made it provides a path for the zero sequence currents as
well as any harmonic currents which are generated due to the rectification of the
secondary voltages.
Figure 2-20 3-Phase 4-Wire WYE
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Today, many transformers are supplied with all of the primary terminals available so
that either a delta or WYE connection can be made. Table 2-3 shows the different
line-to-line voltages that are available with this configuration.
In summary, both symmetrical power distribution systems are satisfactory because

of their balanced impedances. Use either a closed delta or a four wire WYE system
for maximum transmitter performance. Never use an open delta system just to cut
costs - it could cost dearly in the long run.
Table 2-3 Typical Line Voltages, Delta or WYE
Delta Connected WYE Connected

Transformer Transformer
210 364
220* 380*
230 400
240* 415*
250 433
*Typical voltages in some areas of the world.
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Operator Guide
3.1 Introduction
This section contains normal operational procedures and information pertaining to
the function of the Platinum Z5 Transmitter. Most important, is the information
regarding use of the Diagnostic System. All of the information in this section
assumes the the transmitter and controller are in proper working order.
Figure 3-1 Transmitter Controller Panel
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Operator Guide
3.2 Transmitter Controls

The transmitter controls are mostly on the right half of the controller front panel at
the top of the transmitter, See Figure 3-1. These controls and their function are listed
below.
OFF - Used to turn the transmitter off
ON - HIGH - Turns the transmitter on to the previous HIGH setting. If the

transmitter has folded back power automatically, due for instance to high VSWR,
pressing the HIGH button will return the transmitter to the normal high power level
provided the cause of the foldback is gone.
ON - LOW - Turns the transmitter on to the previous LOW setting. If the transmitter
has folded back power automatically, due for instance to high VSWR, pressing the
LOW button will return the transmitter to the normal low power level provided the
cause of the foldback is gone.
POWER (up/down arrows) - used to raise and lower the transmitter power.
REMOTE DISABLE - (Located on the left side of the controller) used to disable
any remote control system which is connected to the transmitter. When the LED is
lit, the remote control inputs are disabled.
NOTE:
Some of the less often used transmitter controls, such as calibration and con-
figuration, are located in the menu screens of the Diagnostics system. These
are covered as part of the Diagnostics system later in this section.
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Operator Guide
3.3 Transmitter Metering

There are five function keys below the Transmitter display on the front of the
controller:
1. FWD PWR (Forward Power)

2. RFL PWR (Reflected Power)
3. PA Amps
4. PA Volts
5. APC (Automatic Power Control)
These are dedicated metering selections for the 5 most important transmitter
parameters. The Diagnostic Display will provide all other necessary metering, while
still being able to monitor these five readings.
3.3.1 Forward Power (FWD PWR) Units of Measure

The default unit of measure for the forward power reading is percentage, with 100%
representing the nominal power output for the station. This percentage can be
calibrated to any power level using the Configuration controls in the Diagnostics
System. If desired, the forward power reading can be converted to kilowatt by
simply pressing and holding the FWD PWR button for at least 3 seconds. After 3
seconds the display should automatically change to power in kilowatts.
3.3.2 Reflected Power (RFL PWR) Units of Measure

The default unit of measure for reflected power is VSWR. If desired, the reflected
power reading can be converted to kilowatt by simply pressing and holding the RFL
PWR button for at least 3 seconds. After 3 seconds the display should automatically
change to power in kilowatts.
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Operator Guide
3.4 Using the Diagnostic Display

The Platinum Z Series transmitters utilizes a very unique and powerful diagnostic
system. The diagnostic system is actually your interface to the inner workings of the
transmitter. It is used for Status, Metering, Fault Logging, Configuration and even
hardware and software Testing of the controller. A good working knowledge of the
diagnostic system is crucial to proper transmitter maintenance and operation.
Familiarization with the display and its operation should be quick and easy. Simply
press the HOME key and follow the menus. A drawing labeled “Diagnostics
Display Menu Tree” is included in the schematic package. This drawing shows all
of the menus and screens available in the Diagnostic display system. Note that the
drawings are divided into layers from left to right, with Layer 1 considered the
HOME layer at the left and successive layers to the right.
The diagnostic system consists of the LCD Diagnostic display and 6 function keys,
HOME, BACK and the four selection keys on the right side of the LCD screen.
IMPORTANT: For all discussions pertaining to the Diagnostic system, the four
function keys to the right side of the Diagnostic LCD display will be called A, B, C
and D from top to bottom as in Figure 3-2. This figure also shows the default screen
which will show up when the controller is first turned on or after being idle for 15
minutes.
Figure 3-2 Default Diagnostics Screen
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Operator Guide
3.4.1 HOME
HOME takes you to the home layer or root menu. This menu should look like the
one in Figure 3-3, which is the first of two screens in this layer. The second screen
in the HOME layer is accessed by pressing the “D” function key to the right of the
display which is labelled “MORE -” on the display. The screen should now look like
Figure 3-4. These two screens give access to all six HOME menus:
• Status
• Metering
• Fault
• Configuration
• Test
• Software Revision
Figure 3-3 Home Menu Page 1
Figure 3-4 Home Menu Page 2
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Operator Guide
3.4.2 BACK
BACK takes you to the previous layer in the menu tree, not necessarily to the
previous screen. As an example, if you were to press HOME and then choose
STATUS you would now be in layer 2 of the STATUS menu. You should see the
screen shown in Figure 3-5. If you press MORE, you go the the second screen in
layer 2. Now press the BACK key. Notice that it did not take you to the previous
screen but back to Layer 1, the HOME layer, shown in Figure 3-3. However, if
instead of pressing BACK, you pressed more again, this would have taken you to
the first screen in layer 2 (since there are only two screens).
Figure 3-5 Status Layer 2, Page 1
3.4.3 MORE
MORE is a menu item which is used when there are more menu items on a layer
than will fit on one screen. It will take you to the next screen in the same layer.
When you have reached the last screen in that layer, pressing MORE again will take
you back to the first screen in that layer. This is shown on the Diagnostics Display
Menu Tree drawings.
3.4.4 Diagnostic Codes

For ease of discussion a simple code will be used to guide you to the area or screen
being discussed. The code will have the name of one of the HOME menu items
listed above, followed by the appropriate A, B, C or D function key presses required
to get to the screen being discussed. The code will always be enclosed in brakets
[x,x,x].
NOTE:
It will be assumed that you always press the HOME key first before entering
the key sequences in the brackets.
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Operator Guide
Example 1
If you wanted to check the temperature of the individual Power Amplifiers on Z

Plane A, you would press the following keys;
[HOME, METERING C,A,C]
After entering this key sequence the screen should look like Figure 3-6. This is
equivalent to pressing the following menu items as they appear on each successive
screen: METERING, TEMPERATURE, PA, Z PLANE A.
Figure 3-6 PA Temperature Metering

[HOME, METERING C,A,C]
Example 2
You want to check or possibly change the Maximum High Power Setting. This falls
under the category of CONFIGURATION, but this menu item only shows up on the
second screen of the HOME layer. Therefore, press the following keys:
[HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION B,B]
This should have taken you to the screen shown in Figure 3-7. This screen now
allows the operator to change the Maximum High Power setting using the A,B,C
and D function keys. Pressing the BACK key updates the change, while pressing
HOME would cancel any changes.
Figure 3-7 Max High Power Configuration Screen

[HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION B,B]
888-2408-002 3-7
Operator Guide
3.4.5 Asterisk and Pound Signs(*, #)

The asterisk and the pound sign characters are used in some of the metering menus
of the Diagnostics Display. If an asterisk (*) shows up in a metering menu, it means
that there is no data being received for that reading. The pound sign will only be
used in the Vg (Gate Control Voltage for the individual PAs) menus and signifies
that there has been a crossover (this is a condition where one PA Controller crosses
over and mutes the PAs associated with another PA Controller).
3.4.6 Fault Logging

The Fault Log is located under “Fault” in the Main Menu. Pressing Fault will take
you to the screen shown in Figure 3-8. This screen gives you a choice of resetting
the transmitter faults and fault log (and clearing any red indicators) or viewing the
Fault Log. Pressing B then takes you to the Fault Log, shown in Figure 3-9. This
screen shows the latest of a possible 32 faults as designated by “LOG No. 1 of N”,
where N would be the total number of faults present. “Type” gives the name of the
fault. The individual faults and their cause are given in Section VI, Troubleshooting.
“Time” gives the elapsed time since the fault occurred, not the actual time at which
it occurred. “Status” tells you whether the fault is cleared or is still active. Pressing
the D or PREV button will take you to the previous fault in the display.
Figure 3-8 Fault Menu

HOME, FAULT
Figure 3-9 Fault Log

[HOME, FAULT D]
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Operator Guide
3.5 Emergency Operating Procedures

3.5.1 Multiple PA Failures in a Foursome
! WARNING:
If two PAs were to fail in a single group of four or Foursome, the resulting system
imbalance could result in a power foldback to approximately 84% of nominal power
output. Since a single PA failure in a foursome does not create an imbalance severe
enough to cause foldback, one of the PA modules with a bad PA should be taken
out, turned over and re-inserted, placing the bad PA in a different foursome. For
example, if PA amplifiers B1 and B2 have failed, pull out the A2/B2 PA module,
turn it over and plug it back in so that the bad PA is in position A2 instead of B2.
There are still 2 failed PAs, B1 and A2, but now each one is in a different foursome.
This will restore balance to the system and the transmitter will still be able to
operate at or near full power output by automatically increasing the drive to the
remaining PAs (via the APC voltage). For more information on Foursomes refer to
Section IV, Overall System Theory, under the heading “8-Way Combiner”.
For quick reference, the foursome groupings are as follows:
(See Figure 4-5 and Figure 4-6 on page 4-12)
• A1, A2, A3 and A4 - Front Right Foursome

• B1, B2, B3 and B4 - Front Left Foursome
• A5, A6, A7 and A8 - Rear Left Foursome
• B5, B6, B7 and B8 - Rear Right Foursome
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Operator Guide
3.6 Manual Exciter Switching

The active exciter (if dual exciters are installed) can be switched manually from the
Status menus in the Diagnostics Display. To manually switch from Exciter 1 to
Exciter 2 press [HOME, STATUS D,C]. This will bring up the screen shown in
Figure 3-10. Pressing [D] will toggle between the two exciters.
Figure 3-10 Exciter Status Screen

[HOME, STATUS D,C]
3.7 Manual IPA Switching

The active IPA can be switched manually from the Status menus in the Diagnostics
Display. To manually switch from IPA_AB1 to IPA_AB2 press [HOME, STATUS,
D,B].This will bring up the screen shown in Figure 3-11. Pressing [D] will toggle
between the two IPAs.
Figure 3-11 IPA Status Screen

[HOME, STATUS, D,B]
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Operator Guide
3.8 Optimizing Efficiency

The transmitter has the ability to Manually or Automatically optimize its own
operating efficiency. It is not a requirement, and the transmitter will meet all
specifications without activating this function. When activated, the controller will
adjust the transmitter operating parameters to get the best possible efficiency. The
user must select whether the function is in Manual or Automatic mode via the
Diagnostics Display Menus. To select the mode press [HOME, MORE,
CONFIGURATION A,D,D then A to toggle: ON for auto mode or OFF for Manual
mode]. The configuration screen is shown in Figure 3-12.
• Automatic Mode - When AUTO mode is selected, the transmitter will automati-
cally optimize the efficiency every 12 hours if there are not faults present. This is
the recommended mode of operation and is the default mode from the factory.
• Manual Mode - In the Diagnostics Display there is a menu screen which can be
used to optimize the transmitter efficiency. To optimize efficiency press [HOME,
METERING D,C then D for Maximization]. The Efficiency Status/Manual Opti-
mize screen is shown in Figure 3-13.
NOTE:
The REF VOLTAGE in Figure 3-13 is merely an internal reference point the
controller uses to reduce the supply voltage in optimized mode. This reading
is usually in the low 40’s when the transmitter is optimized (well below the
actual supply voltage).
Figure 3-12 Efficiency Configuration Screen

[HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION A,D,D]
Figure 3-13 Efficiency Status Screen

[HOME, METERING D,C]
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Operator Guide
3.9 Fan Speed

The Platinum Z is equipped with a 2 speed blower. This normally runs at the LOW
speed to reduce ambient noise and increase transmitter efficiency. However, if any
fault occurs, the fan will automatically switch to high speed until the fault is no
longer active. The fan can also be forced to HIGH speed using the configuration
menus in the Diagnostics Display. See Figure 3-14. The normal setting for the fan
speed is AUTO. Pressing the [C] button toggles between AUTO and HIGH.
Figure 3-14 Efficiency Status Screen

[HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION A,D]
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Overall System
Theory
4.1 Introduction
This section contains theory of operation and circuit descriptions of the Platinum
Z5™ FM Broadcast Transmitter.
The Platinum Z5™ has two possible designations:
• Z5CD, which is a 5kW FM transmitter supplied with the DIGIT, digital FM

exciter. CD stands for Clearly Digital.
• Z5FM which is a 5kW FM transmitter supplied with the SuperCiter, analog FM
exciter.
4.2 RF Flow Block Diagram Description

Figure 4-1 is a block diagram of RF flow of the Platinum Z5 transmitter. Not shown
on this diagram is the control and monitoring associated with the advanced
Controller and Diagnostics system.
4.2.1 Exciters
It starts with the built in dual exciter option (in other words the switching
components are present but the exciter is optional). The RF output of both exciters
(if present) connect in to the Exciter/IPA Backplane board. The exciter RF switch
shown on this board is activated by the controller if Exciter A were to fail, placing
Exciter B on the air automatically. This fault and all other transmitter faults are
stored in the Fault Log in the Diagnostics Display System. The active exciter output
is selected by the first RF switch and directed to the active IPA by the second RF
switch. Both RF switches are controlled by the Master Controller.
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Overall System Theory
Figure 4-1 RF System Block Diagram
4-2 888-2408-002
4.2.2 IPAs
The Z5 has 1 IPA Module, which is made up of 2 power amplifiers or PAs. The IPA
Module is identical to, and interchangeable with, the PA Modules. The 2 IPAs per
IPA Module operate in Main/Alternate mode, meaning that only one of them is
active at a time. The block diagram shows that IPA_AB1 is the normally active
amplifier. RF switching on the input and output of the IPA is activated by the
controller if a fault is sensed in the active IPA. The IPA output is split using a 3dB
hybrid built onto the IPA Backplane Board. This provides 2 equal amplitude outputs
90 degrees out of phase to drive the Power Amplifiers.
4.2.3 PA
The Z5 contains two Z-Planes which could be considered 2.5kW Power Blocks. For
simplicity in Figure 4-1, Z-Plane A is the only one which shows the actual
component assemblies located on each Z-Plane. Z-Plane B is identical. Next, each
Z-Plane can also be broken down into 2 parts, a Divider Board and a Combiner
Board.
4.2.3.1 Z-Plane Divider Board

The Divider Board takes the IPA input and uses a 2 way wilkinson splitter to drive
two more 4 way Wilkinson splitters. This provides the necessary 8 drive signal for
the 8 PAs connected to Z-Plane A. The PAs are labeled A1-A8 for Z-Plane A and
B1-B8 for Z-Plane B. PAs 1-4 on each Z-Plane are located in the front of the
transmitter, while 5-8 are located in the rear of the transmitter. Any four PAs labeled
1-4 are considered a FOURSOME, because they are connected to the same 4 Way
combiner. Any PAs labeled 5-8 are also considered a Foursome. Here is a list of the
4 different Foursomes in the Z5: (See Figure 4-5 and Figure 4-6)
• A1, A2, A3 and A4 - Front, Z-Plane A

• B1, B2, B3 and B4 - Front, Z-Plane B
• A5, A6, A7 and A8 - Rear, Z_Plane A
• B5, B6, B7 and B8 - Rear, Z-Plane B
4.2.3.2 Z-Plane Combiner Board

The Combiner Board receives the outputs from the 8 PAs and combines them in two
4 Way Isolated Wilkinson Combiners, whose outputs are then combined in a 2 way
Wilkinson combiner for a 2.5kW nominal output. Each PA is capable of delivering
up to 425 watts into a good load, but will be operating at approximately 325 watts
nominally for 5kW of combined transmitter output. The isolation loads for all 3
combiners are located on another board called the Isolation Board for better heat
dissipation and easier access. The Isolation boards are located on each side of the
Power Block. The Isolation Board also contains RF switches which can switch out a
faulty PA without causing a severe system imbalance, allowing greater redundancy.
888-2408-002 4-3
This also allows the PA Modules to be HOT-PLUGGABLE, meaning that a PA

module may be removed while the transmitter is operating. Interlock pins on the
module connectors mute the PA modules before it switches out the unplugged
module.
4.2.4 5kW Hybrid Combiner

The 2.5kW outputs from Z-Plane A and Z-Plane B are combined in a 3dB Hybrid
which is specially fit in between the two Z-Planes. The 5kW output from the hybrid
passes through an aluminum box under the PA (in the Power Supply Compartment)
and connects to the transmission line Harmonic Filter at the top rear of this box. The
harmonic filter connects to the output flange on the top rear of the transmitter. The
Harmonic Filter has 3 directional couplers. One is for Forward Power, one is for
Reflected Power and the third is left available for on site use as a Demodulator or
analyzer sample. The couplers are designed for at least 30dB directivity.
4.3 Detailed RF Theory of Operation

The exciter theory is described in a separate technical manual included with the
transmitter. Each of the remaining RF sections of the transmitter are described in the
following paragraphs.
4.3.1 Exciter Operation

The exciter output is basically fixed and should not require adjustment. The exciter
power output is set using the controls on the front of the exciter and should be set to
the “Exciter Power” reading on the factory test data sheet for the transmitter. For
information on setting exciter power, refer to the exciter manual.
4.3.1.1 Automatic Exciter Switching

If a second or backup exciter is installed and the on air exciter fails, the controller
will automatically switch to the backup exciter and log the fault. Note that the
controller will wait 10 seconds for the on-air exciter to recover before switching to
the backup. If a backup exciter is added anytime after factory testing, the installer
must go into the Configuration Menus on the Diagnostic Display and set “ALT
EXCITER” to YES to let the controller know that the backup exciter exists. If this is
not done the controller will not auto switch.
4.3.1.2 Manual Exciter Switching

For dual exciter configurations, the on-air exciter can be selected manually using
the Diagnostics Display. The exciter select screen is located in the Status menus and
shown in Figure 4-2. For exact location, refer to the “Diagnostics Display Menu
Tree” drawing in the schematic package. Manual exciter switching can also be done
via the configurable remote input. See Table 2-1 on page 2-28 for more information
on this remote control input.
4-4 888-2408-002
Figure 4-2 Exciter Status Screen

[HOME, STATUS D,C]
4.3.2 IPA
The IPA amplifier and/or module is identical to any one of the PA modules. This
allows a PA module to be used in place of a failed IPA. The standard IPA
configuration includes dual IPA amplifiers, used in a main/alternate configuration
(in other words only one is used at a time).In this configuration the IPA Module is
identical to a PA module. If one of the IPA amplifiers fails, the controller will
automatically switch to the second IPA with a minimal interruption of service. For a
detailed explanation of the RF amplifier operation refer to the paragraph “Power
Amplifier” later in this section.
4.3.2.1 IPA Power Output

The power output of the IPA determines the power output of the transmitter and is
varied by changing the gate bias on the IPA amplifiers MOSFETs. The gate bias for
the IPA is adjusted by the controller, specifically the Master Controller Board, using
the front panel “POWER” Raise and Lower controls.
4.3.2.2 IPA Power Supply

The IPA power supply is +52 volts and is diode or’ed from both of the PA power
supplies for redundancy. The +52Vdc is connected to the IPA(s) via the IPA
Backplane Board.
4.3.3 IPA Backplane Board

Refer to the IPA Backplane schematic for the following. The IPA module plugs into
the IPA Backplane Board. This board interfaces all inputs and outputs for the IPA
module. It is also responsible for:
• Main/Alternate exciter switching (only active with optional dual exciter configu-
ration).
• Main/Alternate IPA switching (active with standard, dual IPA configuration).
• Monitoring of IPA temperature, voltage, current and forward power.
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• Splitting of the IPA output into 2 equal amplitude signals 90 degrees out of phase,
by way of a 3dB hybrid, to drive the Z Plane dividers.
• Air flow sensing
• Ambient temperature sensing
• IPA 1 and IPA 2 interlocking
4.3.3.1 Main/Alternate Exciter Switching
Exciter selection is done via relay K1 and the EXCITER SELECT control signal
from the Life Support Board. The EXCITER SELECT signal is normally low which
places K1 in the position shown on the schematic, sending the Exciter 1 RF output
to the IPA input relay K2. If EXCITER SELECT goes high, K1 will be energized
and switches to the Exciter 2 RF output. This switching will take place
automatically if an exciter fault is detected by the Master Controller board. Exciter
switching can also be done manually using the Diagnostics display. Press [HOME,
STATUS D,C] (this code is explained in Section III, Operation). This should bring
up the screen in Figure 4-2. Pressing the D function key will now toggle K1,
switching from exciter 1 to exciter 2 or vise versa.
Figure 4-3 IPA Status Screen

[HOME, STATUS D,B]
NOTE:
For easy navigation through the Diagnostic menus, refer to “Using the Diag-
nostic Display” in Section III, Operation and to the “Diagnostics Display
Menu Tree”, in the schematic package, which gives a complete overview of
the Diagnostics menu structure.
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4.3.3.2 Main/Alternate IPA Switching

Selection of IPA_AB1 or IPA_AB2 (both input and output) is done via relays K2,
K3 and the IPA DRIVER SELECT control signal from the Life Support Board.
NOTE:
The term “AB” is used to associate a component with Z-Plane A and Z-Plane B.
K2 switches the input RF drive from the exciter to IPA_AB1 or IPA_AB2 while K3
selects the active IPA RF output. The control signal, IPA DRIVER SELECT, is
normally low which places K2 and K3 in the IPA_AB1 position as shown on the
schematic. If IPA DRIVER SELECT goes high, K2 and K3 will be energized and
switch to the IPA_AB2 position. If the Master Controller detects a loss of RF output
from the active IPA it will automatically switch to the second IPA.
IPA switching can also be done manually using the Diagnostics display. Press
[HOME, STATUS, D,B] This should bring up the screen in Figure 4-3. Pressing the
D function key will now toggle K2 and K3, switching from IPA_AB1 to IPA_AB2
or vise versa.
4.3.3.3 IPA Monitoring

The IPA Backplane Board provides for monitoring and/or interfacing of 4 main IPA
parameters:
• IPA temperature (VTEMP_IPA1 and/or VTEMP_IPA2). If the IPA board exceeds

100°C, the controller will mute the transmitter and/or switch to the alternate IPA.
The sensor is actually located on the IPA board, but is interfaced through the
Backplane.
• IPA supply voltage (Vd_IPA_SAMPLE). A monitoring sample is sent to the con-
troller through fuse F2. The Supply voltage for the IPA is diode or’ed from both
PA supplies for redundancy.
• IPA current (Id_IPA). IPA current is measured by measuring the voltage drop
across the series resistor R1. IPA current fault threshold is set at 14.3 amps.
• IPA Forward Power (IPA FWD PWR). A sample of the IPA forward power is
taken by the directional coupler (shown right after K3 on the schematic) and
detected by CR1. The DC voltage at TP1 will therefore be relative to the IPA out-
put. This is also sent to the controller for monitoring and main/alternate IPA
switching.
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4.3.3.4 Air Flow Sensing.

Airflow is sensed as the difference in temperature between a heated sensor, RT1,
and an ambient sensor, RT2. RT1 is actively biased via R3 which will cause a steady
increase in temperature with no air flow. Under normal operation, the voltage
difference between the two sensor outputs will stabilize at some value depending on
the amount of air flow. If the airflow is reduced or non-existent, then RT1 will heat
up increasing its voltage output, whereas RT2 will stay the same. Eventually the
voltage difference between the two sensors will reach a threshold where the
controller will turn the fan to high speed to compensate for the reduced airflow. If
the airflow is still insufficient, the transmitter will be shut off.
4.3.3.5 IPA_AB1 and IPA_AB2 interlocking.

The signals IPA1_PCB_OK and IPA2_PCB_OK are the interlock signals for the
IPA boards. The interlock connections on the IPA board (and the PAs as well) are
shorter than the other pins. This causes the interlock connection to break before the
RF and voltage contacts when the module is unplugged. This gives the controller
time to shut off the IPAs (via the IPA gate voltage, IPA1_GATE) so that the
connector contacts do not arc.
4.3.3.6 IPA Power Divider (3dB Hybrid)

The IPA power divider is actually a 3dB hybrid which splits the IPA output into 2
equal amplitude signals 90 degrees out of phase to drive the Z Planes at J5 and J6.
Remember that the output of the Z Planes is recombined using another 3dB hybrid
which requires a relative 90 degree phase angle between the two input signals. The
reject port on the hybrid is connected to an external Reject Load. The hybrid
integrated onto the IPA Backplane Board.
4.3.4 Z-Plane Combiner/Divider Boards

There are two Z-Plane Combiner/Divider Boards in the Z5 transmitter. These two
boards provide all inputs to and outputs from the PA modules. The Z Plane is the
overall term for the combination of the Combiner and Divider boards. There is a
separate schematic for each part of the Z Plane in the schematic package. The first
page of each schematic is identical and is a block diagram of the entire Z Plane.
Each Z-Plane assembly contains:
• Edge connectors for 8 PA amplifier boards (4 in front and 4 in the rear). These
connectors are labeled J1-J8.
• An 8 way Wilkinson Divider, driven by the IPA, which feeds RF drive to each of
the 8 PA amplifiers.
• An 8 way Wilkinson Combiner which combines the output of the same 8 PA
amplifiers.
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The RF output of the Z-Plane board connects directly to the 3dB hybrid where it is
combined with the output of the second Z-Plane Combiner/Divider board. The Z
plane boards are identical, but the outputs connect to opposite ends of the 3dB
hybrid (one at the top and one at the bottom). This requires that one of the Z Planes
be physically inverted.
4.3.4.1 8-Way Divider

Refer to the Divider schematic for the following. Each 8-Way Divider is a 2-stage
Wilkinson divider. The 8 way dividers are located on the Z-plane boards in the
center of the PA assembly.
The input to the divider is first divided into two equal outputs at approximately 35
ohms by a two-way Wilkinson divider with a 70.7 ohm isolation resistor, R9. Each
of these outputs (each end of R9) is then divided into 4 outputs in a 4-way
Wilkinson divider.
The Wilkinson dividers contain terminating resistors which dissipate no power

when all of the outputs are correctly loaded, but if a PA is removed, resulting in an
open-circuit on an output, the Wilkinson circuit and the load resistors act to keep the
input impedance of the splitter near the nominal value of 50 ohms. Each output from
each 8-Way Divider is fed to the input of one PA Amplifier boards, at J1 - J8.
4.3.4.2 8-Way Combiner

Refer to the Combiner schematic for the following. Each 8-way combiner consists
of two 4-way Wilkinson combiners, called FOURSOMES, followed by a 2-way
Wilkinson combiner which combines the outputs of the two Foursomes. The
Foursomes are split up as follows:
• A1, A2, A3 and A4 - Front Right Foursome

• B1, B2, B3 and B4 - Front Left Foursome
• A5, A6, A7 and A8 - Rear Left Foursome
• B5, B6, B7 and B8 - Rear Right Foursome
The Wilkinson combiners include isolation loads (ISO loads) which dissipate no
power if all PA outputs are equal and in phase. These resistors are located on the
Isolation Boards and labeled RT1-RT8. The ISO resistors connect to the points
labeled E1-E8 on the Combiner schematic. If any input is lost due to failure of a PA
module, the associated ISO load will dissipate some power; approximately 150
watts, until the RF switch on the Isolation board disconnects the ISO load and
grounds that point (E1-E8) on the combiner. This now looks like an open to the 4-
way combiner output at E9 or E10 (the input to the 2-way combiner).
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4.3.4.3 PA Modules
Each of the 8 PA Modules contain two PA Amplifier boards mounted on opposite
sides of the PA Module heat sink. The modules are numbered 1 through 8 with the
top module in the front being #1 and counting to #4 at the bottom. The top rear
module is #5 counting down to #8 at the bottom rear, see Figure 4-5 for the front
view and Figure 4-6 for the rear view. The PAs are numbered as 1A, 1B, 8A, 8B
etc... with the “A” side PAs being plugged into the “A” Z Plane, and the “B” PAs
plugged into the “B” Z Plane. From the front of the transmitter, the “A” Z Plane is
on the right and the “B” Z Plane is on the left. Keep in mind this is reversed when
viewing from the rear of the transmitter. All DC, signal and RF connections to a PA
board are through one edge connector.
4.3.4.4 Power Amplifier (PA)

See Figure 4-4. The RF drive from the IPA enters the PA Amplifier Boards at Pin C.
The RF input level for each amplifier is typically 15-20 watts. TL1, C1 and C2
allow the input impedance to be matched to 50 ohms and permit the phase shift
through the module to be trimmed to a nominal value which allows all modules to
combine in-phase. The RF signal is then sent to T1, a coaxial 9:1 transformer which
also splits the phase providing 0 degree and 180 degree outputs to drive a pair of
push-pull RF power MOSFETs (Q1 and Q2). Bias to Q1 and Q2 (labeled VG for
Gate Voltage) is connected through the center of the secondary winding of T1.
Figure 4-4 Power Amplifier Block Diagram
The control voltage input called VG can be thought of as a bias voltage which can
be used to vary the amplifier output. Normally for the PAs it is simply used to turn
the amplifiers on and off. If VG is -18V the amplifier is off or muted. If VG is 0V
the amplifier is fully turned on and drive level from the IPA determines the
amplifier power output.
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When the amplifier is used as the IPA, VG is used to linearly vary the IPA output
which then controls the transmitter power output. For an IPA, VG comes from the
Life Support Board and is controlled by the APC loop on the Master Controller
Board. Pressing the RAISE and LOWER controls on the front of the transmitter will
vary the APC voltage which in turn will vary VG to the IPAs. This will vary the IPA
RF output, which will raise or lower transmitter power.
The MOSFET outputs are combined in T2, a 1:4 transformer. C19 and C20 fine-
match the 50 ohm load impedance at the PA output to the output impedance of T2.
The +52Vdc or VD (Drain Voltage) from the main power supply enters at location
C-1 and is decoupled and filtered by C11, C12, C13, C14, C16, C24, L1 and L2.
The DC voltage reaches the drain of MOSFETs Q1 and Q2 through the center tap of
T2’s primary winding. The advantage of this method is to allow direct DC
connection to the MOSFETs and have an AC RF output through the coax without
the need for a blocking capacitor.
Maximum RF output is 425 watts. Typical output level is 300 to 340 watts. The
power module is designed for single amplifier field replacement. In the event an RF
power MOSFET fails, field replacement is not practical due to the cost of
components, time and test equipment involved in repair and alignment of phase,
gain and response. This is a highly critical area, and if not done correctly, improper
module and transmitter operation will occur.
As an additional consideration, please observe the following warning from the

MOSFET manufacturer regarding beryllium oxide.
! WARNING:
PRODUCT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY-TOXIC MATERIALS. THIS PRODUCT
CONTAINS BERYLLIUM OXIDE. THE PRODUCT IS ENTIRELY SAFE PROVIDED
THAT THE BEO DISC IS NOT DAMAGED. ALL PERSONS WHO HANDLE, USE OR
DISPOSE OF THIS PRODUCT SHOULD BE AWARE OF ITS NATURE AND OF
THE NECESSARY SAFETY PRECAUTIONS. AFTER USE, DISPOSE OF AS
CHEMICAL OR SPECIAL WASTE ACCORDING TO THE REGULATIONS APPLY-
ING AT THE LOCATION OF THE USER. IT MUST NEVER BE THROWN OUT WITH
THE GENERAL OR DOMESTIC WASTE.
Failed PA boards should be sent in for repair or exchanged mainly due to the
minimal cost involved. Refer to the Maintenance section of this manual for the RF
amplifier replacement procedure.
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B1 A1
B2
B3 A2
A3
A4
IPA_AB2
IPA_AB1 B4
Figure 4-5 PA Compartment Front View
B5
A5
B6
A6
B7
A7
A8 B8
Figure 4-6 PA Compartment Rear View
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4.3.4.4.1 Isolation Boards

Each Z Plane has an associated Isolation Board which contains the isolation
resistors and disconnect switches for the two 4-way wilkinson combiners and the
isolation resistor for the 2-way Wilkinson combiner. The isolation resistors for the
four way combiners, R1-R8, are each 50 ohm. When all modules are working
properly, these resistors dissipate little or no power. However, when a PA fails
approximately half of the power of one module will be across the isolation resistor.
The resistors will handle the imbalance of a failed module for about 20 seconds.
Therefore when a module has failed, the isolation resistor will start to heat up. This
rise in temperature is detected by a thermistor, RT1-RT8, which is physically
attached to the resistor. The thermistor is monitored by the associated PA Controller
Board (there are two). The PA Controller then shuts off the module RF output via
the PA gate voltage and activates the associated RF switch on the isolation board.
The switch disconnects the isolation resistor from the combiner and grounds output
of the PA (E1-E8). The entire Z Plane will be operating with a slight impedance
mismatch (it is now a 3-way combiner instead of a 4-way) but is well within the
ratings of the modules. The effects are minimized by the 2 way combiner and its
isolation resistor, which will tend to absorb imbalances, and by the characteristics of
the 3dB hybrid combiner, which tends to ignore minor amplitude and phase
imbalances in the two Z Plane outputs.
4.3.4.5 3 dB Hybrid Combiner

The 3dB combiner is located in the middle of the Power Block, between the two Z
Planes. The two outputs from the Z Planes are summed in the 3dB output combiner.
Since the RF inputs to the two Z Planes, driving the PA inputs, come from the 3dB
hybrid splitter on the IPA Backplane Board, they differ in phase by 90 degrees.
Thus, the outputs from the Z Planes differ by 90 degrees, allowing them to be
combined in the 3dB hybrid output port with very little power appearing at the
reject load.
If the two Z Plane outputs are not equal, or are not exactly 90 degrees apart in phase,
a portion of the power appears to the reject load, however the 3dB hybrid is a very
stable device which sends most of the input power to the combined output over a
fairly wide range of input power ratios and input phase differences. The reject load
is a 50 ohm 800 watt resistor mounted on a heatsink which is located on the upper
end of the hybrid, just above the Z-Planes. The output of the 3dB hybrid is on the
lower end of the hybrid and is connected to the transmission line Harmonic Filter in
the rear of the cabinet, via the aluminum enclosure just above the power supply.
There is a static drain choke located inside this box.
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4.3.5 Harmonic Filter

The vertical transmission line at the rear of the cabinet contains the Harmonic Filter.
4.3.6 Directional Coupler Assembly

The directional coupler assembly is installed directly before the output from the
transmitter. It consists of 3 directional couplers with two of the couplers adjusted to
produce a sample of the forward output power, and one coupler arranged to provide
a sample of the reflected output power. The isolation, or directivity, of the couplers
is better than 30dB, with 40dB typical.
NOTE:
Note that the reflected coupler cannot be interchanged with the other 2 cou-
plers due to the different coupling ratio for the forward and reflected samples.
The typical coupling ratio for each of the couplers is given below:
Forward Coupler - 48.8dB @ 88MHz to 47dB @ 108MHz
Reflected Coupler - 43.8dB @ 88MHz to 42dB @ 108MHz
(Typical tolerance is +/- 0.1dB but this is not guaranteed since any minor variation
can be factored out using the calibration procedures).
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4.4 Power Supply Block Diagram Description

There are two different types of power supplies in the transmitter, the PA Power
Supply and the Low Voltage Power Supply.
4.4.1 PA Power Supply

There are three power supply configurations available for the Z5 transmitter:
• 3-Phase, 3 wire (198-250VAC)

• 3-Phase, 4 wire (342-432VAC)
• Single Phase (198-250VAC)
The supplies are very much alike operationally. The 3-Phase 3 wire and 4 wire
supplies have all of the same components, but have a different wiring harness. The
PA power supplies, whether 3-Phase or Single Phase, are regulated by reliable tap
switching techniques which provides excellent efficiency, while avoiding the power
line harmonic problems associated with switching supplies. The regulation range is
48-54Vdc at 2Vdc per tap.
4.4.1.1 3-Phase Power Supply

The Z5 transmitter uses dual main power transformers whose DC outputs are
combined through large inductive chokes. Figure 4-7 shows a simplified diagram of
one of the PA power supply transformers.
Figure 4-7 3-Phase Power Supply Simplified Diagram (1 Transformer)
888-2408-002 4-15
Each transformer has a 3 wire extended DELTA or extended WYE primary

(depending on your AC input configuration) and two secondaries labeled A and B
which are always WYE wound, with the center tap being the output. The outputs of
the 2 secondaries are combined through chokes and filtered by a single 120,000uF
capacitor. The combination of the extended primary windings and the dual
secondaries (each at a different phase angle) results in an output ripple frequency of
600/720Hz for 50/60Hz input. Each of the secondary windings has 4 output taps,
each of which are connected through an SCR to ground. The SCRs act as both tap
switches, activating the tap which gives the appropriate DC voltage output, and as
rectifiers. This gives a total of 12 SCRs per secondary, but only 3 SCRs will be
activated at any one time providing the ability to regulate the output DC voltage by
changing the transformer turns ratio. The 4 secondary taps basically change the
primary to secondary turns ratio allowing allow DC outputs of 48, 50, 52 and
54Vdc. The tap switching is controlled by the Power Supply Controller board. The
two transformer assemblies are designated PS1 and PS2. PS1 provides power for 8
of the 16 PAs. Four of these are on Z Plane A and four on Z Plane B. Therefore PS 2
provides power for the remaining 8 PAs. There is only one PS Controller for both
supplies, however each supply still operates independently. Also each Power Supply
is connected to the same PAs as its corresponding PA Controller.
PS1 and PAC1 connect to A1, A2, A5, A6, B3, B4, B7 and B8.
PS2 and PAC2 connect to A3, A4, A7, A8, B1, B2, B5 and B6.
This information is also shown in Table 4-1 on page 4-60.
4.4.1.1.1 Soft Start

During transmitter turn on, a fifth set of SCRs is activated. See Figure 4-8. These
are connected to the lowest voltage output tap of transformer secondary “B” (the
one with the fewest secondary turns). However, the Soft Start SCRs are connected
through a common surge limiting resistor to ground, instead of the direct ground
connection provided with the rest of the SCRs. This allows the “Soft start” by
limiting the maximum surge current while charging the power supplies. The soft
start lasts for about two seconds during turn on. After the two second soft start the
resistor is bypassed by activating the normal run-mode SCRs which are also
attached to the lowest voltage output tap but connect directly to ground. This allows
the supplies to come up to full charge. If the voltage is not high enough, the Power
Supply Controller will activate the next highest tap to increase the voltage. It will
continue this process until the DC output voltage is approximately 52Vdc or it
reaches the highest tap.
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Figure 4-8 3-Phase Power Supply

Simplified Soft-Start and Discharge Circuit
4.4.1.1.1 PA Power Supply Discharge

The PA Power Supply Discharge circuit also uses the Soft Start resistor to discharge
the 52Vdc PA supply. The discharge circuit is activated when the transmitter is
turned off. When the discharge circuit is active, it disables the SCRs to prevent the
supply from trying to turn on during a discharge cycle.
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4.4.1.2 Single Phase Power Supply

Refer to the Overall System Block Diagram in the schematic package and Figure 4-
9 for the following discussion. The power supply consists of two power
transformers each with a single center tapped secondary. The center tap is the
52Vdc output and is filtered by a large choke and 3 large filter capacitors. The
single phase supply is full wave rectified giving a ripple frequency of 120Hz and
therefore requires more filtering than the 3-Phase supply.
Each of the secondary windings has 4 output taps, each of which are connected
through an SCR to ground. The SCRs act as both tap switches, activating the tap
which gives the appropriate DC voltage output, and as rectifiers. This gives a total
of 8 SCRs per secondary, only 2 of which will be activated at any one time
providing the ability to regulate the output DC voltage by changing the transformer
turns ratio. The 4 secondary taps allow DC outputs of 48, 50, 52 and 54Vdc. The tap
switching is controlled by the Power Supply Controller board. The two transformer
assemblies are designated PS1 and PS2. PS1 provides power for 8 of the 16 PAs.
Four of these are on Z Plane A and four on Z Plane B. Therefore PS 2 provides
power for the remaining 8 PAs.
Figure 4-9 Single Phase Power Supply

Simplified Diagram
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4.4.1.2.1 Soft Start

During transmitter turn on, a fifth set of SCRs is activated (these are located on the
Rectifier Boards). See Figure 4-10. These SCRs are connected to the lowest voltage
output tap of each transformer secondary (the one with the fewest secondary turns).
However, the Soft Start SCRs are connected through a common surge limiting
resistor to ground, instead of the direct ground connection provided with the rest of
the SCRs. This allows the “Soft start” by limiting the maximum surge current while
charging the power supplies. The soft start lasts for about 6 seconds during turn on.
After the 6 second soft start the resistor is bypassed by activating the normal run-
mode SCRs which are also attached to the lowest voltage output tap but connect
directly to ground. This allows the supplies to come up to full charge. If the voltage
is not high enough, the Power Supply Controller will activate the next highest tap to
increase the voltage. It will continue this process until the DC output voltage is
approximately 52Vdc or it reaches the highest tap.

The PA Power Supply Discharge circuit also uses the Soft Start resistor to discharge
the 52Vdc PA supply. The discharge circuit is activated when the transmitter is
turned off. When the discharge circuit is active, it disables the SCRs to prevent the
supply from trying to turn on during a discharge cycle.

Simplified Soft Start and Discharge Circuit
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4.4.2 Low Voltage Power Supply

The Low Voltage Power Supply is a single PC board mounted in the rear of the
transmitter near the main contactor. It is designated A19 (assembly 19). The circuit
board is the same for the 3-Phase and single phase configurations, only the wiring to
and from the board is changed. It supplies DC voltages to all circuits in the
transmitter. These include:
• +20VDC
• -20VDC
• +10VDC
These voltages are sent to the Rectifier boards and then on to the controller boards.
The board contains 3 relays, A19K1, A19K2 and A19K3. When the transmitter is
turned on, A19K1 activates the main contactor (simply called K1) which then
applies AC to the PA power Supplies, while A19K2 applies AC to turn on the
exciter(s). A19K3 selects the low or high fan speed by actuating the fan speed select
relay K2 which is mounted near the main AC contactor.
4.5 Detailed Power Supply Descriptions

4.5.1 3-Phase PA Power Supply
Refer to the Overall System Block Diagram in the schematic package for the
following discussion. The transmitter 3 phase AC inputs connect directly to K1, the
AC mains contactor. The transformer side of the contactor is wired in parallel to
power transformers T1 and T2 primaries in the bottom of the transmitter. T1 and T2
primaries must be tapped for the proper AC input voltage. The tapping chart can be
found on the Overall System Block Diagram. T1 and T2 can accommodate input
voltages in the range of 198 to 250 Vac.
Each transformer has 2, four wire WYE, secondaries with the center connection
being the rectified DC output of 52Vdc. The two secondary outputs are combined
via L1 and L2, for T1, and L3 and L4 for T2. C1 and C2, 120,000uF filter caps,
provide the final filtering. Each of the transformer secondary taps is connected to a
Rectifier Board.
The secondaries of T1 and T2 use the unique tap switching design to give a small
window of coarse regulation (approximately 2Vdc change per tap) to compensate
for 3 phase AC line variations.
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Simplified Diagram of Transformer and Rectifier Connections
888-2408-002 4-21
4.5.1.1 Rectifier Board

The Rectifier Board contains the SCRs which are used for the tap switching as well
as rectification of the 3 phase AC. Each secondary winding has four taps, see Figure
4-11. Each of these taps have one SCR to ground. The Power Supply Controller can
turn on any one of the four SCRs at a given time. If the voltage is not high enough at
the DC output, the PS Controller can change the transformer turns ratio by turning
on a different SCR and therefore utilizing a different secondary tap. The taps closest
to the center will provide the least amount of secondary turns in circuit and will
therefore give the lowest DC output voltage. This means that the taps which are
furthest from the center will give the highest DC output voltage due to more active
turns in the secondary.
There are two rectifier boards mounted on the top of each power transformer. The
two boards were originally made as one board which is broken apart for assembly.
Therefore, there is an “A” side and a “B” side, both of which are shown on the same
schematic. The left side of the schematic is the “B” side and the right side is the “A”
side (except on sheet 3 which is “B” side only). There is also only one part number
for both boards. The “A” Rectifier Board is for the transformer secondary “A” with
the “B” Rectifier Board used with transformer secondary “B”. The Rectifier Boards
are operated in parallel and are tied together by a ribbon cable, J3, which is shown
in the middle of the schematic connecting the “A” and “B” sides.
4.5.1.2 Rectifier Board Circuit Description

Refer to the Rectifier Board schematic and Figure 4-11 for the following. The
Rectifier Boards perform three primary functions:
• Dynamic secondary tap switching using SCRs, to maintain a relatively constant

supply voltage and thus maintain constant transmitter power output despite fluc-
tuations in the 3 phase AC line voltage. It also allows the controller to optimize
transmitter efficiency by selecting the best power supply voltage within its lim-
ited range of about 6 volts.
• PA Power Supply Soft-Start.
• PA Power supply Discharge.
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4.5.1.2.1 Tap Switching Circuit Operation

The control signals for the SCRs are active high and come directly from the PS
Controller Board. They enter the “B” Rectifier Board at:
• J4-1 - DRIVER 1 (activates SCRs for 48V tap)

NOTE:
The circuit for the 48V tap will be explained here as the other three are identi-
cal, but are attached to different transformer taps.
The DRIVE_1 signal is used to activate the 48Vdc tap on T1 and T2 secondaries.
When active (HIGH) it causes the output of U2-17 to go low. This turns on Q28
which applies 10VB-SS, now called DRIVE_1, to R12 on the “B” side of the 48V
section. Interconnect cable J3 then connects the same signal to R25 on the “A” side
Rectifier Board 48V section.
NOTE:
The 10VB-SS (SS = Soft Start) will only be present if the DISCHARGE sig-
nal at J4-6 is inactive. See PA Power Supply Discharge later in this section for
more information.
The 10VB-SS forward biases diodes CR4, CR8 and CR12 on the “B” side and
CR13, CR17 and CR21 on the “A” side. This turns on the associated SCRs, Q4, Q8
and Q12 for the “B” side and Q13, Q17 and Q21 on the “A” side. Each of the SCR
anodes are tied to ground with the cathode connected through a 30 amp fuse to a tap
on one of the transformer secondaries. The “B” side is connected to L5, M5 and N5
with the “A” side connected to L4, M4 and N4 (see the Overall System Block
Diagram for these connections). Note that both the “A” and “B” side SCRs have
selected the same relative (lowest voltage) taps on each of the two transformer
secondaries.
4.5.1.2.2 PA Power Supply Soft-Start

Soft-Start is used to limit the surge current during transmitter turn on. The Soft Start
and PA Power Supply Discharge circuits are able to use the same resistor, R48 since
only one or the other will be active at any one time. A simplified diagram of the Soft
Start and PA Power Supply Discharge circuits in shown in Figure 4-8. The Soft-
Start control signal is active high and comes directly from the PS Controller Board,
via J4-8. A high SOFT START signal at J4-8 causes U2-12 to go low. This turns on
FET switch Q32 which then applies the 10VB-SS through R65 to CR28, CR29 and
CR30. This in turn activates SCRs Q34, Q35 and Q36. The three SCR outputs are
888-2408-002 4-23
labeled SS1-B, SS2-B and SS3-B and are connected to the 48V taps on the
transformer “B” secondaries of T1 and T2. This allows the power supply to start
charging through R48, a 5 ohm 100W current limiting resistor. After about 2
seconds, the DRIVER 1 signal will activate the normal 48V tap SCRs which will tie
the taps directly to ground, bypassing R48.

The PA Power Supply Discharge circuit uses R48 to bleed down the supply
whenever the transmitter is turned off. The DISCHARGE signal is active low and
comes from the PS Controller Board. When low, it causes the output of U2-14 to go
high. This does two things:
a. First, it reverse biases CR31 which allows the gate of Q33 to pull high
through R54, thus shutting Q33 off. This removes the 10VB-SS used to acti-
vate the transformer taps. This prevents the PA Supply (and Soft Start) from
being activated while the DISCHARGE signal is active.
b. Second, it allows the base of Q37 to pull high, shutting it off. R62 will then
pull the gates of Q29 and Q31 low turning them on. Q29 and Q31 are
switches which tie the 52Vdc to R48, and the supply is discharged.
4.5.1.2.4 Voltage Samples

Two AC voltage samples are taken from the 48V taps using 301K ohm resistors.
One from the “A” secondary at J4-14 and one from the “B” secondary at J4-13. The
samples are pulsating DC with a frequency of 360Hz and an amplitude whose
average is equal to the DC power supply output. They are sent to the PS Controller
and used to control the tap switching based on the amplitude of the pulses. The
signals are also bandpass filtered at 60Hz to detect blown SCR fuses and 120Hz to
detect the loss of one AC input phase.
To determine if a tap has failed (blown fuse), refer to the Diagnostics Display. For
Power Supply 1, Press [HOME, STATUS, D,A,A,D] This will show you the screen
in Figure 4-12. Press D again to see the status of Tap 4. For Power Supply 2, Press
[HOME, STATUS, D,C,B,D].
Figure 4-12 Transformer Tap Status

[HOME, STATUS, D,A,A,D]
4-24 888-2408-002
4.5.2 Single Phase PA Power Supply

Refer to the Overall System Block Diagram in the schematic package for the
following discussion. The transmitter single phase AC inputs connect directly to
K1, the AC mains contactor. The transformer side of the contactor is wired in
parallel to power transformers T1 and T2 primaries in the bottom of the transmitter.
T1 and T2 primaries must be tapped for the proper AC input voltage. The tapping
chart can be found on the Overall System Block Diagram. T1 and T2 can
accommodate input voltages in the range of 198 to 250 Vac.
Each transformer one center tapped secondary with the center connection being the
rectified DC output of 52Vdc. The DC output are filtered by L1, C1, C15 and C16
for T1, and L3, C2, C25 and C26 for T2. Each of the transformer secondary taps is
connected to an SCR which is controlled by ON/OFF signals from the PS Controller
board via the Rectifier Board.
The secondaries of T1 and T2 use the unique tap switching design to give a small
window of coarse regulation (approximately 2Vdc change per tap) to compensate
for AC line variations.
4.5.2.1 Rectifier Board

The SCRs for the single phase are required to carry a much larger amount of current
than the 3-Phase counterparts and are therefore much larger. They are mounted on
large heatsinks on top of the transformers. The SCRs are used for the tap switching
as well as rectification of the AC voltage. Each transformer secondary winding has
8 taps. Each of these taps have one SCR to ground. The secondary is full wave
rectified, which means that one SCR on each side of the center tap is used for each
voltage level. For example CR1 and CR5 on either transformer will be active at the
same time. The other pairs are CR2 and CR6, CR3 and CR7 and CR4 and CR8. The
Power Supply Controller can turn on any pair of the SCRs at a given time. If the
voltage is not high enough at the DC output, the PS Controller can change the
transformer turns ratio by turning on a different SCR pair and therefore utilizing a
different secondary tap. The taps closest to the center will provide the least amount
of secondary turns in circuit and will therefore give the lowest DC output voltage.
This means that the taps which are furthest from the center will give the highest DC
output voltage due to more active turns in the secondary.
888-2408-002 4-25
4.5.2.2 Rectifier Board Circuit Description

Refer to the Rectifier Board schematic for the following. The Rectifier Boards
perform three primary functions:
• Dynamic secondary tap switching using SCRs, to maintain a relatively constant

supply voltage and thus maintain constant transmitter power output despite fluc-
tuations in the AC line voltage. It also allows the controller to optimize transmit-
ter efficiency by selecting the best power supply voltage within its limited range
of about 6 volts.
• PA Power Supply Soft-Start.
• PA Power supply Discharge.
4.5.2.2.1 Tap Switching Circuit Operation

The control signals for the SCRs are active high and come directly from the PS
Controller Board. They enter the Rectifier Board at:

NOTE:
The circuit for the 48V tap will be explained here as the other three are identi-
cal, but are attached to different transformer taps.
The DRIVE_1 signal is used to activate the 48Vdc tap on T1 and T2 secondaries.
When active (HIGH) it causes the output of U2-17 to go low. This turns on Q1
which applies 20VB-SS, now called DRIVE_1, to R16.
NOTE:
The 20VB-SS (SS = Soft Start) will only be present if the DISCHARGE sig-
nal at J4-6 is inactive. See PA Power Supply Discharge later in this section for
more information.
The 20VB-SS forward biases diodes CR3, and CR4. This turns on the associated
SCRs, CR4 and CR8 on each power supply. Each of the SCR anodes are tied to
ground with the cathode connected through a 100 amp fuse to a tap on one of the
transformer secondaries. Note that both power supplies have selected the same
relative (lowest voltage) taps on each of the transformer secondaries.
4-26 888-2408-002
4.5.2.2.2 PA Power Supply Soft-Start

Soft-Start is used to limit the surge current during transmitter turn on. The Soft Start
and PA Power Supply Discharge circuits are able to use the same resistor, R48 since
only one or the other will be active at any one time. A simplified diagram of the Soft
Start and PA Power Supply Discharge circuits in shown in Figure 4-10. The Soft-
Start control signal is active high and comes directly from the PS Controller Board,
via J4-8. A high SOFT START signal at J4-8 causes U2-12 to go low. This turns on
FET switch Q5 which then applies the 20VB-SS through R18 to CR28 and CR29.
This in turn activates SCRs Q10 and Q11. The SCR outputs are labeled SS_A and
SS_B, and are connected to the 48V taps, H4 and H8, on the secondary of T1 and
T2. This allows the power supply to start charging through R48, a 5 ohm 100W
current limiting resistor. After about 6 seconds, the DRIVER 1 signal will activate
the normal 48V tap SCRs, CR4 and CR8, which will tie the taps directly to ground,
bypassing R48.

The PA Power Supply Discharge circuit uses R48 to bleed down the supply
whenever the transmitter is turned off. The DISCHARGE signal is active low and
comes from the PS Controller Board. When low, it causes the output of U2-14 to go
high. This does two things:
a. First, it reverse biases CR31 which allows the gate of Q33 to pull high
through R54, thus shutting Q8 off. This removes the 20VB-SS used to acti-
vate the transformer taps. This prevents the PA Supply (and Soft Start) from
being activated while the DISCHARGE signal is active.
b. Second, it allows the base of Q9 to pull high, shutting it off. R62 will then
pull the gates of Q6, Q7, Q12 and Q13 low, turning them on. Q6, Q7, Q12
and Q13 are switches which tie the 52Vdc to R48, and the supply is dis-
charged.
4.5.2.2.4 Voltage Samples

An AC voltage sample is taken from the 48V taps using 200k ohm resistors. One
from SS_A and one from SS_B. The samples are pulsating DC with a frequency of
120Hz and an amplitude whose average is equal to the DC power supply output.
They are sent to the PS Controller and used to control the tap switching based on the
amplitude of the pulses. The signals are also bandpass filtered at 60Hz to detect
blown SCR fuses.
To determine if a tap has failed (blown fuse), refer to the Diagnostics Display.
4.5.2.2.5 Low Voltage Supply Regulators

U1, U3 and U4 regulate the voltages from the Low Voltage Supply down to 7.1Vdc,
+20Vdc and -20Vdc respectively. These voltages are sent to the controller where
they will be distributed to the individual controller boards. Input voltages to these
regulators will vary depending on the AC mains voltage.
888-2408-002 4-27
4.5.2.2.6 16VCT, V+SCR Supply

The 16VCT secondary winding is fused by F3 and F4 on the Rectifier Board. These
are self-resetting fuses which physically look like disc capacitors. The AC is
rectified by CR10 and CR11 and becomes V+SCR which is the gate drive signal for
the tap and soft start SCRs.
4.5.2.2.7 Heat Sink Temperature

The temperature of the rectifier heatsink is monitored by Thermistor, RT1. A fault is
triggered if the temperature of the rectifier heatsink exceeds 100°C and the power
supply will be shut off. This temperature can be monitored in the Status Menu of the
Diagnostics Display. If the thermistor is shorted, the temperature reading will be
about 155°C and the supply shut off. If it is open it will cause a Thermistor Fault to
show up in the fault log.
4.5.3 Power Supply ID Jumpers

The 3 Phase and Single Phase supplies both have ID jumpers which are set to
designate the power supply as PS1 or PS2. This lets the PS Controller know which
power supply it is connected to, for proper reporting to the Master Controller. The
PS Controller will not allow 2 IDs to be the same. The jumper configurations are
given below: These jumpers are located on the Rectifier Boards on both the 3 Phase
and Single Phase supplies.
PS #1 PS #2
JP1 IN OUT
JP2 OUT IN
JP3 OUT OUT
4.5.4 Low Voltage Power Supply Board

The AC input for this board is dependent on the AC voltage and configuration for
the transmitter, 3-phase Delta (3 wire), 3-phase WYE (4 wire) or single phase. The
same board is used in all three cases. The AC inputs to the board come from circuit
breaker, CB1, and enter the board at J1-1 and J1-4. For the 3-phase Delta and Single
Phase J1-1 is Phase A and J1-4 is Phase B (Phase C for the 3-Phase does not
connect to this board). For the 3-phase 4 wire WYE J1-4 is Phase B and J1-1 is the
Neutral.
Transformer T1 has dual full wave rectifiers. The T1 secondary outputs are fused by
F3, F4, F5 and F6, and are then full wave rectified for two DC outputs of +10Vdc.
The +10Vdc is filtered by C1-C6 and connected to the rectifier boards, on top of the
PA power supply transformers, in the bottom of the transmitter. Transformer T2
secondaries are fused by F7, F8, F9 and F10 before going to dual bridge rectifiers.
The rectifier outputs are filtered by C7-C10 and supply +20Vdc and -20Vdc to the
4-28 888-2408-002
Rectifier Boards on the PA power supply transformers. All three voltages pass
through the rectifier boards and are sent to the Backplane Board to power all of the
controller PC boards.
4.5.4.1 Relays
There are three mechanical relays on the Low Voltage Power Supply Board
assembly A19. They are A19K1, A19K2 and A19K3. The relays are powered by
+12Vdc from the Life Support Board in the controller.
• A19K1 is activated when the transmitter is turned on and the

“CONTACTOR_ON” signal from the Life Support Board goes low. When acti-
vated, A19K1 supplies Phase A (or Neutral) to the coil of the AC mains contactor
K1 (and K3 in the Auxiliary cabinet for the single phase), which then supplies
AC to the PA power supply transformers.
• A19K2 is activated by the same “CONTACTOR_ON” signal and supplies Phase
B to the exciter(s). Note that this means the exciter(s) will not have power until
the transmitter is turned on.
• A19K3 is activated by the active low “FAN_SPEED_SELECT” signal from the
Life Support Board. A19K3 activates the fan speed select relay K2 mounted next
to the AC mains contactor on the cabinet wall. K2 is shown on the Overall Sys-
tem Block Diagram in the HIGH fan speed position. When A19K3 pulls in so
does K2 (not A19K2).
4.6 Cooling System Description

The transmitter is cooled by the single, two speed fan in the lower rear of the
transmitter. It uses a high volume, low velocity, air system. Air ducting for inlet air
should be well filtered and, if possible, at a slightly positive pressure. The exhaust
air ducting should cause very little or no back pressure due to the low velocity air
system. Air handling recommendations are shown on the Cabinet Outline Drawings
in the schematic package.
Upon transmitter turn on, the fan will run at high speed for one minute, then will
normally run at the low speed until a fault occurs or there is a significant increase in
temperature detected by the controller. The blower motor is a 2 speed, single phase
motor. Contactor K2 selects the fan speed and is controlled by the Master
Controller. The fan speed can also be manually set to HIGH speed or AUTO in the
Configuration Menus of the Diagnostics Display.
888-2408-002 4-29
4.7 Control System Description

The control system is a micro-controller based master/slave system. It monitors
over 100 operating functions in the transmitter and can make intelligent operating
decisions based on operating conditions. It has the standard parallel remote
connections. The microprocessor control system allows fast and efficient
monitoring of the entire transmitter offering a level of protection and diagnostics not
available with a simple logic controller. It also makes changes and upgrades a
simple matter of changing the firmware.
The Controller consists of the following boards:
• Master Controller Board

• PA Controller #1
• PA Controller #2
• Power Supply Controller #1
• Power Supply Controller #2 (Optional)
• Life Support Board
• Display/Backplane Board (motherboard)
All of these boards are located directly behind the transmitter control panel and plug
into the Display/Backplane Board. The entire assembly is considered the “System
Controller”.
The Controller functions include:
• Transmitter Control Functions

• Automatic Power Control, or APC
• VSWR Monitoring and Overload Protection
• Power Supply Monitoring and Protection
• Power Amplifier Monitoring and Protection
• Automatic power foldback for VSWR, Over-temperature and Over-current con-
ditions.
• AC Restart
• System Calibration and Configuration
• Detailed Status, Metering, Configuration and Fault Diagnostics display screens.
4-30 888-2408-002
4.7.1 Master Controller

The Master Controller is responsible for primary transmitter control and is the
summary point for all of the information gathering. It controls and/or receives
information from the PA Controllers, Power Supply Controllers and Life Support
Board and takes action appropriate to the operating conditions of the transmitter. It
is also responsible for the transmitter power control, system configuration,
calibration, VSWR protection and the Transmitter and Diagnostics displays on the
front panel.
However, the rest of the control system is designed to operate with the Master
Controller removed from the system in what is called Life Support Mode. The PA
and PS Controllers report to the Master Controller but operate independently to
allow them to continue operating even if the Master is removed. In the event of a
Master Controller failure the Life Support Board disconnects all Master Controller
control functions from the transmitter and initiates minimal protection and control
to keep the transmitter on the air. For more information on Life Support Mode, refer
to the Life Support Board description later in this section.
4.7.1.1 EEPROM U39

The Master Controller has 3 memories, ROM (firmware), RAM (volatile) and an
EEPROM (non-volatile) U39. When the low voltage is applied to the controller it
loads up the program from ROM to RAM and then goes to the EEPROM for all of
the transmitter configuration, calibration settings, power levels, fault limits etc..
Basically EEPROM U39 stores any settings that can be changed in the Diagnostics
Display. Any changes made in the Diagnostics Display will be either automatically
saved in the EEPROM or is saved when the [BACK] button is pressed (ie. Back to
Update).
All the individual bits or bytes of information stored here have a default setting
which is stored in the firmware ROM. When the information in U39 is uploaded to
RAM it is checked against the default values. If it is considered to be out of
tolerance (or invalid data) it will automatically be replaced with the default value
from the ROM. When this happens the fault “EEPROM_DEF” (Default) will be
placed in the fault log. The only time this should happen is when a new EEPROM,
U39 is installed in the Master Controller. Since it is basically blank, all of the
default settings from the ROM will be written to U39 one at a time as it finds they
are out of tolerance. After this has happened, the EEPROM_DEF fault should never
happen again. If it does, U39 should be replaced since a memory location is
probably bad. For information on replacing EEPROM U39 see Section V,
Maintenance and Alignments
888-2408-002 4-31
The following is a listing of all of the Default Values which are stored in the
Firmware:
• Forward Factor - 0.007697

• Reflect Factor - 0.000306
• Cal APC Factor - 7.58
• Cal Frequency - 98MHz
• Operating Frequency - 98MHz
• IPA Factor - 200
• Exciter Factor - 200
• TPO 100% - 05.00kW
• Max High - 06.00kW
• Max Low - 2.50kW
• UPS Setting - 2.50kW
• Low Power Alarm - 4.50kW
• VSWR Foldback - 1.35
• VSWR Fault - 1.5
4.7.1.2 APC, Automatic Power Control
One important function of the Master Controller is transmitter power control, which
is accomplished via the APC Loop. The APC Loop controls the transmitter power
and keeps it constant by varying the IPA RF output indirectly proportionate with the
forward power. In other words, if the forward power output goes up, the IPA output
will be reduced, which will in turn reduce the PA RF output. If the forward power
output goes down, the IPA RF output will be increased, which will increase the PA
RF output to compensate.
The APC loop starts at the forward power directional coupler. The forward sample
is connected to the Life Support Board where it is calibrated with R127 for 8.9V@
100% TPO at TP9. This voltage sample is then sent to the Master Controller
(schematic sheet 7) where it is squared by multiplier chip U1 (to make the voltage
from the coupler proportional to power) and divided by 10. This is then sent to U5-
6 where it is compared to APC_REF voltage (APC Reference).
APC_REF is the DC output of a D/A Converter or DAC whose input is called

DAC_APC_REF and is controlled by the RAISE and LOWER buttons on the front
of the controller (or by the remote control inputs) or can be varied automatically by
the Master Controller’s foldback routines. Pressing RAISE increases the APC_REF
voltage and pressing LOWER decreases it. The DAC_APC_REF is responsible for
4-32 888-2408-002
all transmitter power control functions including power level, foldbacks and mute.
This makes it a very important number to know and understand for troubleshooting.
NOTE:
As calibrated from the factory, the digital DAC_APC_REF number should be
approximately 660 (this number should be on the factory test data sheet). This
number can be checked by pressing [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION
C,B]. The DAC_APC_REF output voltage APC_REF can be metered at TP8
or in the Diagnostics Display, press [METERING, B,B].
The output at U5-7 is the difference between the forward power sample and the
APC_REF voltage. This difference can be measured at TP3 on the Master
Controller and is called the APC voltage. R13 and R102 divide this voltage down
for display on the Transmitter LCD Display on the right side of the controller. The
APC voltage is not the same as the APC_REF voltage. The dipswitch, S1-10, is
present to allow the APC loop to be opened for troubleshooting. This APC voltage
is now sent back to the Life Support Board (Schematic, sheet [3,B8]) and is called
MSTR_IPA_CTL (Master IPA Control).
If the Master Controller is operational, then the MSTR_IPA_CTL signal will pass
through to U5-4 which will in turn pass the signal if there are no System Mutes
present. Due to the low impedance of the circuit, the Manual PWR REF pot R25 has
little or no effect on the circuit. CR4 and R30 shift the positive APC voltage to a
proportional negative voltage which is passed on to IPA_AB1 or AB2 depending on
the position of K2. Remember that the gate bias on the RF amplifiers is -18V for
OFF and -0.6V for fully ON.
Since the exciter power is fixed, changing the IPA bias will increase or decrease the
IPA output which will then proportionately increase or decrease the output of the PAs.
EXAMPLE:
The following is an example of how the entire loop would work. For our example
the power output of the transmitter goes down due to a failed PA. This would
decrease the output of the forward power directional coupler and the voltage at the
input to the difference amp at U5-6 on the Master Controller Board. Since U5 has
almost infinite gain, the loop will try to force the forward power sample input to U5
to be the same as the APC_REF input. This will increase the APC voltage at TP3
and on the front panel APC reading. The increased APC voltage will pass through
the U5 analog switches (on the Life Support Board) bringing the input to U15-3 less
negative. This less negative voltage is sent to the IPA, increasing its output. More
drive to the PA will increase the transmitter RF output to compensate for the failed
PA. If the RF power output were to increase, the APC loop voltage would be
reduced, lowering the IPA and PA output.
888-2408-002 4-33
4.7.1.2.1 Manual Power Control

It is possible to shut off the APC by opening dip-switch S1-10 (Open = OFF) on the
Master Controller Board. This switch opens the APC Loop, disconnecting the APC
voltage from the IPAs. When S1-10 is opened, MANUAL PWR REF R25 on the
Life Support board controls the transmitter power output. R25 also serves as the
power control for Life Support Mode which means the Master Controller Board has
failed. If the Master Controller fails, U5 pins 1-2 are opened, removing the APC
voltage from the IPAs, breaking the APC loop. In Life Support Mode, R25 is set to
operate the transmitter at 25% of rated power. Proper setting of R25 requires an
external wattmeter and is covered in Section V, Maintenance under “Setting Life
Support Power Level.”
! CAUTION:
IN LIFE SUPPORT MODE THERE IS LIMITED OVERLOAD PROTECTION
AND NO FOLDBACK FUNCTIONS. ADJUSTING R25 TO MORE THAN 25%
RATED POWER WILL CAUSE THE TRANSMITTER TO SHUT OFF AND
COULD DAMAGE THE TRANSMITTER. REFER TO SETTING LIFE
SUPPORT POWER LEVEL IN SECTION V, MAINTENANCE.
4.7.2 Calibration Factors and A/D Values

The configuration menus in the Diagnostics Display contain the calibration factors
and A/D values used by the transmitter for calibration, operation and protection.
The cal factors are calculated by the micro when the transmitter is calibrated. The
A/D readings are the decimal equivalents of the forward and reflected power sample
voltages. The following is a listing of their nominal values:
Calibration Factors:
• Forward Factor - 0.007697

• Reflect Factor - 0.000306
• APC_Factor - 7.58
• EXC_Factor - See Factory Test Data (Frequency dependent)
• IPA_Factor - See Factory Test Data (Frequency dependent)
A/D Readings
• DAC_APC_REF - 660 (nominal)

• A/D_FWD_PWR - 806 (nominal @ 5kW)
• A/D_RFL_PWR - 700 (nominal @ 150W reflected)
4-34 888-2408-002
These cal factors and A/D values will be approximately the same for all Z5
transmitters that are factory calibrated or have been field calibrated at the rated
transmitter power of 5kW as detailed in the Maintenance procedures. These
numbers are also stored in the Backup memory area of the EEPROM, U39 and can
be recalled if necessary. The actual numbers obtained during the factory calibration
are recorded in the Factory Test Data.
NOTE:
If the transmitter is calibrated at other than 5kW these numbers will change
and their new values should be recorded.
It is important to note that as long as the hardware calibration of the forward and
reflected directional couplers is not disturbed, the Cal Factors could be entered
manually and the transmitter calibration would be within a few percent of the
factory calibration. To access the edit controls for each parameter, go to the screen
containing the value and press and hold the [D] button and then press [C]. The edit
controls should now show up on the screen.
! CAUTION:
ENTERING A WRONG VALUE IN ONE OF THESE SCREENS COULD
CAUSE SERIOUS DAMAGE TO THE TRANSMITTER OR EXTERNAL
SYSTEMS. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THESE NUMBERS BE RECALLED
FROM THE BACKUP MEMORY OR BE OBTAINED BY FOLLOWING THE
CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AS OUTLINED IN SECTION V,
MAINTENANCE.
The following is a description of each of theCalibration and A/D parameters.
4.7.2.1 DAC_APC_REF
DAC_APC_REF [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION C,B] is a counter (internal
to the micro), whose output will be between 0 and 900, that is controlled by the
RAISE and LOWER buttons on the front panel. RAISE increases the count and
LOWER decreases the count. This number is then D/A converted to get the
APC_REF voltage which controls the APC loop discussed earlier in this section.
The correct APC_REF voltage for a specific DAC_APC_REF number can be
calculated from the formula:
APC_REF voltage = DAC_APC_REF * 0.004883
Example: For the nominal DAC_APC_REF value of 660, APC_REF Voltage = 660
* 0.004883 = 3.22V and can be measured at TP8 on the Master Controller. This
DAC value is used to control transmitter power level for all conditions where the
Master Controller is operational and the APC Loop switch S1-10 is closed.
888-2408-002 4-35
4.7.2.2 Forward Factor and A/D_FWD_PWR

The Forward Factor is a calibration factor that is calculated during forward power
calibration. To check the Forward Factor press [HOME, MORE,
CONFIGURATION C,A,A]. All Z5 transmitters are factory calibrated with a
forward sample voltage of 8.9vdc at 5kW, as measured at TP9 on the Life Support
Board. This sample voltage is low pass filtered on the Master Controller and then A/
D converted in the micro for metering. This A/D value shows up as A/
D_FWD_PWR [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION C,B], which at 8.9V should
be very close to 806 (the A/D converter is 10 bit for 0 to 1024 range, but the input to
the A/D is not actually 8.9V). By setting the FWD PWR CAL screen to 5kW and
calibrating we are telling the micro that 806 represents 5kW. The micro now
calculates the Forward Factor by dividing the 5kW by the square of 806 or
Forward Factor = FWD PWR CAL (kW) / A/D_FWD_PWR2
Forward Factor = 5kW / 8062 = 0.007697 (rounded up)
The A/D FWD PWR reading must be squared to make the voltage from the coupler
linearly track the transmitter power output (Power is the square of the voltage).
The Forward Factor is now used for all forward power level settings. For example,
to set the Low power control to 2.5kW you press the lower button. This gradually
lowers the transmitter power output by reducing the DAC_APC_REF and therefore
the APC_REF voltage and transmitter power. This in turn lowers forward power
sample and the A/D_FWD_PWR number which can be calculated at 2.5kW as:
A/D FWD PWR = SQRT(FWD PWR / Forward Factor)
A/D FWD PWR = SQRT(2.5kW / 0.007697) = 570
At an A/D FWD PWR reading of 570 the front panel Forward Power meter will
read 2.5kW.
4-36 888-2408-002
4.7.2.3 APC Factor

APC_Factor is also calculated during the Forward power calibration. APC_Factor
allows the micro to calculate the necessary DAC_APC_REF number to obtain any
specific power level. For the Z5, APC_Factor is calculated as Forward calibration
power divided by the DAC_APC_REF number or:
APC_Factor = FWD PWR (kW) / DAC_APC_REF
APC_Factor = 5kW / 660 = 7.58
Once the APC_Factor is known, the controller uses this number to calculate the
DAC_APC_REF necessary to obtain the MAX HIGH, MAX LOW and UPS power
levels in the Diagnostics Display.
4.7.2.3.1 Operating APC versus Calibrated APC

There are actually 2 APC_Factors due to the fact that the directional coupler outputs
are not flat across the entire FM band. They are:[HOME, MORE,
CONFIGURATION C,A,D,C]
• CAL_APC_Factor (Calibrated APC_Factor)

• OP_APC_Factor (Operating APC_Factor)
The Operating APC Factor is frequency compensated based on the slope of the
coupler output and is the factor calculated above. If the transmitter is operating at
the same frequency at which it was calibrated then the two numbers will be the
same. If the operating frequency is changed, the OP_APC_Factor will be higher or
lower depending on whether the frequency went down or up compared to the
calibrate frequency. This means that if the exciter frequency is changed the
transmitter calibration can be maintained by simply changing the
OPERATING_FREQUENCY in the Diagnostics Display.
4.7.2.4 MAX HIGH, MAX LOW and UPS Power Levels

MAX HIGH, MAX LOW and UPS power levels are set using the Diagnostics
Display and stored in the EEPROM, U39.
MAX HIGH SET screen [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION B,B] sets the
maximum power level when the HIGH ON button is pressed.
MAX LOW SET screen [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION B,C] sets the
Maximum power level when the LOW ON button is pressed.
UPS SET Screen [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION B,D,A] sets the power level
when the transmitter is operating on a backup UPS or generator AC supply.
888-2408-002 4-37
Once the operator has set a power level in kW in these screens, the controller uses
the OP_APC_Factor to find the DAC_APC_REF that would represent each of the
power levels and sets that number as the power level limit. This maximum
DAC_APC_REF setting is called DAC_MAX and is calculated for each mode from
the formulas below:
For HIGH ON mode:
DAC_MAX = MAX HIGH SET (kW) / APC_Factor
For LOW ON mode:
DAC_MAX = MAX LOW SET (kW) / APC_Factor
For UPS mode:
DAC_MAX = UPS SET (kW) / APC_Factor
DAC_MAX [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION C,B] is the display variable

which will contain one of the above numbers depending on which mode the
transmitter is in. Once these are set, the DAC_APC_REF in that mode can never go
above the DAC_MAX setting.
Example: If the transmitter is calibrated at 5kW (HIGH ON), and the desired MAX
Power setting is 6kW, this would be entered into the MAX HI SET screen.
Remember that for 5kW the nominal DAC_APC_REF is 660. The micro would
now use the formula:
DAC_MAX_HIGH = MAX HIGH SET (kW) / APC_Factor
DAC_MAX_HIGH = 6kW / 7.58 = 792
This is now the highest possible number for the DAC_APC_REF and will limit the
transmitter power to 6kW. To prove that:
FWD PWR = APC Factor * DAC_APC_REF
FWD PWR = 7.58 * 792 = 6kW
4-38 888-2408-002
4.7.2.5 EXC Factor and IPA Factor

When the transmitter Forward Power is calibrated, the micro samples the exciter
and IPA outputs and sends the A/D readings to the screen as:
• EXC_Factor [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION C,A,D,A]

• IPA_Factor [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION C,A,C]
The calibration merely takes the A/D reading for each of these and makes it equal to
100% in the Diagnostics metering of exciter and IPA power output. Since Drive
Level changes with frequency, so will these cal factors. The factory cal numbers are
in the factory test data sheet.
4.7.2.6 Reflect Factor and A/D_RFL_PWR

Reflect Factor is a calibration factor that is calculated during reflected power
calibration. To check the Reflect Factor press [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION
C,A,B]. All Z5 transmitters are factory calibrated by reversing the reflected coupler
(it now measures forward power) and adjusting for a reflected sample voltage of
2.1V at 150W, as measured at TP18 on the Life Support Board. This sample voltage
is low pass filtered on the Master Controller and then A/D converted in the micro
for metering. This A/D value shows up as A/D_RFL_PWR [HOME, MORE,
CONFIGURATION C,B], which at 2.1V should be very close to 700 (the A/D
converter is 10 bit for 0 to 1024 range, but the input to the A/D is not actually 2.1V).
By setting the RFL PWR CAL screen to 150W and calibrating we are telling the
micro that 700 represents 150W. The micro now calculates the Reflect Factor by
dividing the 150W by the square of 700 or
Reflect Factor = RFL PWR CAL (kW) / A/D_RFL_PWR2

Reflect Factor = 150W / 7002 = 0.000306
The A/D_RFL_PWR reading must be squared to make the voltage from the coupler
linearly track the transmitter power output (Power is the square of the voltage).
The actual VSWR fault level in the transmitter is set at 1.5:1 (which is 200W). The
Foldback level is set at 1.35:1 (which is 111W). The Reflect Factor can now be used
to set the fault and foldback levels by calculating the A/D_RFL_PWR number that
would represent a specific power level using the formula:
A/D_RFL_PWR = SQRT(RFL_PWR / Reflect Factor)

A/D_RFL_PWR = SQRT(200W / 0.000306) = 808 (Fault) or
A/D_RFL_PWR = SQRT(111W / 0.000306) = 602 (Foldback)
VSWR protection is based on this A/D reading, which is directly proportional to a

reflected power level, not on a calculated VSWR reading.
888-2408-002 4-39
4.7.3 VSWR Foldback

The Master Controller contains another DAC called VSWR_FB_LVL which stands
for VSWR Foldback Level. The output of this DAC is directly controlled by the
setting in the VSWR Foldback Screen [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION
B,D,C,D]. The normal setting for this screen is 1.35. Using the formula below, this
is equal to 111W for 5kW forward power.
RFL PWR = (VSWR-1 / VSWR+1)2 * 5kW
RFL PWR = (1.35-1 / 1.35+1)2 * 5kW = 111W
Now using a formula from the previous section:
A/D_RFL_PWR = SQRT(111W / Reflect Factor) = 602
This says that when the output voltage from the reflected coupler is sufficient to
increase the A/D_RFL_PWR reading to 602, the reflected power is 111W.
Therefore, the VSWR_FB_LVL DAC is set to 602 and its dc output voltage will be
about 1.8V. This voltage is sent to U7-12 as one input to the open loop gain
differential amplifer. U7-13 is the calibrated voltage from the reflected coupler
(from Life Support Board). As long as there is little or no reflected power the
voltage at U7-13 will be zero and the U7-14 output will be at the positive rail. This
reverse biases diode CR1 which is connected to the APC Voltage at U5-10. If the
voltage from the coupler exceeds the VSWR_FB_LVL, U7-14 will try to go to the
negative rail (GND). This will forward bias CR1 and the APC voltage will be pulled
to ground through CR1 and R5. This in turn will reduce the reflected coupler output
and the clamp will be removed from the APC Voltage and the power will try to
come back to normal. Since this is happening extremely fast, once the reflected
coupler output voltage exceeds the VSWR_FB_LVL, the new APC loop will try to
keep the 2 inputs to U7 the same, preventing the reflected power from exceeding
111W. Basically, a new APC loop (using the output from the reflected coupler
instead of the forward) has been formed which takes precedence over the forward
power loop.
4-40 888-2408-002
4.7.3.1 Master Controller Faults

For a complete listing of the faults associated with the Master Controller refer to
Section VI, Troubleshooting.
4.7.3.1.1 3 Strike Routine

There are 4 faults in the transmitter that will initiate what is called a 3 strike routine.
They are:
• RFL_PWR - VSWR greater than 1.5:1

• ISO_AB_OT - The predicted temperature of the 5kW hybrid reject load is
greater than 130oC.
• ISO_AZ_OT - The predicted temperature of R9 on the “A” Z-Plane Isolation
board is greater than 130oC.
• ISO_BZ_OT - The predicted temperature of R9 on the “B” Z-Plane Isolation
a. Strike 1 - When any of the above fault conditions is met, the transmitter out-
put is muted (DAC_APC_REF is brought to zero) for 3 seconds (6 seconds
for transmitters with a Single Phase power supply). At the end of the 3 (or 6)
seconds the transmitter power is slowly ramped back up and a 10 second
timer is started.
b. Strike 2 - If another fault is detected before the 10 seconds is up, the transmit-
ter will again mute for 3 (or 6) seconds, start the 10 second timer again and
slowly ramp the power up again.
c. Strike 3 - A third fault detected within this 10 seconds will cause the trans-
mitter to be muted until the operator gives the transmitter an ON command
(High or Low), locally or by remote. If the cause of the fault is still present,
the transmitter will simply repeat the 3 strikes and mute again.
NOTE:
If no faults occur during either of the 10 second time periods, then the strike
counter is reset and will allow 3 more strikes before muting the transmitter.
The slow ramp up in power after a strike should allow the foldback controls to limit
the transmitter power output before the fault thresholds are reached again. The slow
power ramps are designed to allow the transmitter to operate at the maximum
possible power level without over-dissipating the isolation resistors or exposing the
transmitter to excessive reflected power. This would mean that there would be a
fault in the log but it would be inactive and the transmitter would be in a foldback
condition.
888-2408-002 4-41
4.7.4 PA Controller Boards

There are two (2) PA Controller Boards in the Z5 transmitter. They utilize micro-
controllers which report to the Master Controller, but operate independently of the
Master. Each controls half or 8 of the 16 PAs. Table 4-1 on page 4-60 shows which
PAs are controlled by each of the PA Controller Boards. The two boards are
identical except for the programmable ID number which is set with DIP switches on
the board to determine which board is PA Controller 1 and which is PA Controller 2.
The following is a listing of the PAs under the control of each PA Controller:
PA Controller #1 (PAC1)
• A1, A2, A5, A6, B3, B4, B7, B8

PA Controller #2 (PAC2)
• A3, A4, A7, A8, B1, B2, B5, B6

The PA Controllers are responsible for the following:
• Turn on/Turn off of the PAs via the PA gate bias voltage.
• Metering, status and fault monitoring of the PAs and the isolation resistors associ-
ated with them.
• Control of the combiner isolation switches (located on the isolation boards)
which are associated with the PAs under its control.
• Crossover protection (the ability to mute the PAs which are controlled by the
other PA Controller Board in case of a failure).
4.7.4.1 PA Turn On/Turn Off
The PA Controllers primary responsibility is to turn the PAs on and off. The PAs are
turned on and off by varying the bias voltage on the gates of the MOSFETs on the
PAs. If the gate voltage is -0.6V, the PA is turned on full. If the gate voltage is -18V,
then the PA is turned off. This means the PA Controllers have the ability to turn off
or MUTE each PA individually, or all at the same time if it is necessary to MUTE
the entire transmitter RF output.
Whenever a defective PA is to be shut off or MUTED, all of the PAs will be

MUTED for 120mS while the defective PA is disconnected from the combiner by
the isolation switch. The rest of the PAs are then turned back on.
4.7.4.1.1 Control Distribution and Controller Failure

Each PA Controller controls half (8) of the PAs, see Table 4-1 on page 4-60. Note
that each PA Controller Board controls two PAs on each foursome. This pattern of
control distribution allows for maximizing of power output if one of the PA
Controller Boards fails.
4-42 888-2408-002
4.7.4.2 Metering
The PA Controllers are responsible for metering of the following parameters:
• PA Current - The current draw of each PA is monitored by measuring the voltage

drop across 0.01 ohm resistors, R11-R18, on the Z-Planes. The resistors show up
as part of the Divider Schematic. This allows the current of each individual PA to
be available on the Diagnostics Display. To check the PA currents press
[METERING A,B then B or C (to check Z-plane A or B)].
• PA Supply Voltage - The Voltage of PS1 and PS2 are monitored individually with
fused samples also from the Z-Plane Divider. To check the PA supply voltages
press [METERING B,C].
• PA Gate Voltage - Each individual PA gate voltage can be checked on the Diag-
nostics Display by pressing [METERING B,D then C or D (to check Z-Plane A
or B)].
• PA Temperature - There is a temperature sensor on each PA which sends a tem-
perature sample voltage to one of the PA Controllers. The temperature of each
individual PA can be checked by pressing [METERING C,A then C or D (to
check Z-Plane A or B)].
• PA ISO Resistor Temperatures - VTEMP PA1 through VTEMP PA8 -Each ISO
resistor has a thermistor, used as a temperature sensor, attached to it for metering
and fault monitoring. To check the ISO resistor temperatures press [METERING
C,C then B or C to check Z-Plane A or B]. A rise in the ISO resistor temperature
indicates an imbalance in the phase or amplitude of a PA output.
NOTE:
The temperature of the different PA ISO resistors (A1-A8 and B1-B8) can
vary quite a bit, but are considered okay if they are under Ambient + 75°C.
Az and Bz, which also show up in these screens, are the temperature indications for
the 2.5kW, 2 way combiner isolation load resistors. A rise in this temperature would
indicate an imbalance between the outputs of the two foursomes on that Z Plane.
ISO_AB_LOAD is the temperature of the reject load on the 3dB hybrid which
combines the outputs of the Z Planes.
888-2408-002 4-43
4.7.4.3 Crossover (XOVER) Protection

Each PA Controller has what is called a Watchdog Timer. The outputs of the
watchdog timers are each monitored by the other PA Controller. If the pulses from
the watchdog timer are interrupted, due to either hardware or software problem, the
other PA Controller will initiate what is called a Crossover (or XOVER). Basically,
the operational PA Controller will apply a mute to all of the PAs associated with the
defective PA Controller, and switch them out of circuit before releasing the mute on
its own PAs. Maximum power output with one PA Controller out is approximately
33% of nominal.
NOTE:
The Power Supplies, PS1 and PS2, each power the PAs associated with the
same number PA Controller. This means that the loss of one power supply
will create the same scenario as loss of one PA Controller (the loss of 2 PA
per foursome).
4.7.4.4 PA Controller Faults

For a complete listing of the faults associated with the PA Controllers refer to
Section VI, Troubleshooting.
4.7.5 Power Supply Controller

There is only one PS Controller Board in the standard Z5 transmitter. It is capable of
controlling both of the Z5 power supplies completely independent one from another.
This allows one of the supplies to have a critical failure and be shut off without
interrupting the operation of the second supply. However, a second PS Controller
can be added as an option, to increase redundancy by having one controller board
for each supply.
The PS Controller functions include the following:
• Control of the tap switching which is used to coarsely regulate the power supply
voltage to 52Vdc.
• Control of the Soft-Start and PA Power Supply Discharge functions.
• All power supply monitoring and fault detection. These include voltage, current,
temperature and status.
4-44 888-2408-002
4.7.5.1 Power Supply Turn On

The primary function of the PS Controller is to turn the power supplies on and off.
The on/off signal is called PS_DISABLE and comes in on J3-13. The signal
originates on the Master Controller but passes through a logic gate on the Life
Support Board before reaching the PS Controller. PS_DISABLE is an active high
signal which means that if the signal is high the power supplies will be shut off.(the
secondaries will be deactivated by shutting of the SCRs but primary voltage could
still be present). If it is low, the power supplies will be activated, unless there is a
critical fault on the PS Controller board, in which case the supplies will be shut off
regardless of the PS_DISABLE signal. The power supplies are turned on via one of
the four outputs:
• DRIVER 1 (TAP 1 - 48V)

These outputs are duplicated, one set for PS1 and the other for PS2. When the
transmitter is turned on the Master Controller brings the PS_DISABLE signal low
(provided the contactor has been activated and the Master Controller is operating
normally). This will first activate the SOFT_START outputs at J1-8 and J2-8. This
allows the supplies to charge slowly, limiting the in-rush current via the soft-start
resistor and SCRs on the rectifier boards. The supply voltage must reach at least
40Vdc within 3 seconds (6 seconds for a Single Phase supply), otherwise the turn on
sequence will be aborted. After 3 (or 6) seconds, if the voltage is within tolerance,
the PS Controller will activate the lowest available voltage tap by activating one of
the four DRIVER signals. Since DRIVER_1 is connected to the 48V tap, it will be
activated first (if available) and the power supplies will come up to full charge.
The PS Controller will now check the power supply voltages via the DC Voltage
Samples from each power supply. These come into the board at J1 and J2, pins 13
and 14 from the rectifier boards. These signals pass through U7 which acts as a
linear amplifier and buffer to prevent the analog samples from overloading the front
end of the A/D converter in the micro controller IC, U6. Using these samples the PS
Controller will determine when and if it is necessary to change taps to increase or
decrease the DC PA voltage. It will try to maintain the voltage as close as possible
to 52Vdc.
888-2408-002 4-45
4.7.5.2 PA Power Supply Discharge

When the PS_DISABLE signal goes high, all of the SCR taps are disabled and the
DISCHARGE signals at J1-7 and J2-7 go low. This activates the PA Power Supply
Discharge circuits on the rectifier boards, which allows a quick and safe discharge
of the PA supply.
4.7.5.3 Power Supply Standby Mode

Under certain circumstances, such as RF Mute, the power supplies will be placed in
standby mode via the signal PS_STANDBY. This signal comes from the Master
Controller and both PA Controllers. PS_STANDBY shuts off all the DRIVER
signals which deactivates all of the SCR taps on both power supplies. However, it
does not activate the discharge circuit. This allows the filter capacitors to maintain
charge and be ready to supply power at a moments notice without having to go
through the Soft-Start sequence again. However, the capacitors will bleed down
slowly if the standby mode is maintained. To keep the voltage within reasonable
limits, the PS Controller will activate the Soft-Start circuit if the PA voltage drops
below 42Vdc and shuts it off when the voltage is above 52Vdc. The PS Controller
will maintain charge in this manner until the PS_STANDBY signal goes low, and
the power supplies are fully active again or shut off by the PS_DISABLE signal.
4.7.5.4 Discharge Protection Circuit

The discharge protection circuit protects the power supply and the discharge circuit
components from a failure in the discharge circuit. Specifically it protects against a
short which would cause the discharge resistor to be “In circuit” when the power
supply is activated.
A sample of the voltage across the discharge resistor from each supply is sent to the
PS Controller at J1-20 and J2-20. If the voltage is more than 30Vdc, the comparator
will trip, and the output at U1-1 or U1-2 will go LOW. The fault signal
1_DISCH_SAMPLE or 2_DISCH_SAMPLE is then sent to U9-2 or U10-2 where it
is buffered before reaching the micro-controller. The PS Controller would then shut
down the power supply. The detection circuit contains a lot of hysterisis to prevent
false triggering.
4.7.5.5 RESET
There is a RESET line from the Life Support Board which is monitoring the
+20Vdc from the regulators on the Rectifier Boards. This is basically monitoring
the Low Voltage Power Supply. If the voltage falls below a set threshold, U37 on the
Life Support Board generates the RESET (active low) which is sent to all of the
controller boards (Master, PAC and PSC). On the PS Controller this RESET clears
U2 and U3, which brings their outputs low. This deactivates all of the DRIVER
signals, disconnecting all of the SCR taps and shutting off the supply. This also
activates the DISCHARGE(BAR) signal which then bleeds off the supply.
4-46 888-2408-002
4.7.5.6 Watchdog Timer

The watchdog timer, U4 is basically looking for two things. First, it must receive a
pulse from the micro-controller every 1.0mSec. If it does not it will activate the
RESET line at TP4, and the supplies will be shut off. It is also monitoring the
+20Vdc supply. If the voltage falls below the minimum limit of 12V, it will activate
the RESET line.
4.7.5.7 Analog Inputs

U7 acts as a linear amplifier and buffer for the analog inputs to the A/D converter
which is part of U6.
• SAMPLE 1 and SAMPLE 2 are the voltage samples from the Rectifier Boards.
Primarily they are used to control the power supply tap switching. However they
are also digitally filtered by the micro by two filters. The first is a 50 to 60 HZ
band pass filter whose output is used to detect a loss of a rectifier fuse on the
transformer secondary, a non-critical fault. The second is a 100 to 120 Hz band
pass filter which is used to detect a severe primary phase imbalance or loss of
phase. Loss of phase is a critical fault which will shut the power supply off
momentarily (see “Power Supply Controller Faults” in Section 6 of this manual).
• HEAT SINK THER(mistor) is the temperature sensor located on the rectifier
heatsink. If the heat sink temperature exceeds 100°C it will shut the power supply
off.
NOTE:
There are test points located after U7 which give a place to check the analog
voltages actually going into the A/D converter.
4.7.5.8 PS Controller Faults

For a complete listing of the faults associated with the PS Controller refer to Section
VI, Troubleshooting.
888-2408-002 4-47
4.7.6 Life Support Board

The Master Controller is backed up by the Life Support Board. The Life Support
Board allows safe transmitter operation at reduced power if the Master Controller is
not operating. The transmitter does require that the PA and PS Controller Boards be
operational to control the power supplies and PAs.
The Life Support Board has two basic modes of operation:
1. Normal Operational Mode. The Life Support Board basically acts as an interface
between the Master Controller and various parts in the transmitter when the Master
Controller is functioning properly.
2. Life Support Mode. This mode provides a minimal backup control system should
the Master Controller fail. If the Master Controller board fails, the Life Support
Board disconnects (via AND gates) all signals from the Master Controller and
allows the transmitter to stay on the air at 1/4 power with minimal fault protection
and no visible monitoring for the operator.
Transmitter functions available in Life Support Mode:
a. VSWR Protection
b. System Mute
c. Transmitter ON (LOW only) and OFF (both LOCAL and REMOTE inputs
are active)
d. Failsafe Interlock
e. External Interlock
4.7.6.1 Normal Operational Mode
The following contains all pertinent circuit operation when the Master Controller is
functioning properly.
4.7.6.1.1 Transmitter Turn On

When the transmitter is turned on, either HIGH or LOW, the Master Controller
generates a high TX_ON signal which enters the Life Support Board at J1-A55 and
is tied to AND gate U26-9. TX_ON is generated when either LOW ON or HIGH
ON is pressed on the front panel, or when a remote HIGH ON is sent from the
remote control system. Since the Master Controller is working, U26-10 is high
which sends a high via U26-8 to OR gate U32-10. This brings U32-8, U32-11 and
finally U4-12 high.
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4.7.6.1.1.1 Pulse Stretcher, U4

U4 is a pulse stretcher which will output a 100mSec pulse whenever the transmitter
ON button is pressed. Provided there is no power failure signal,
POWERFAIL(BAR) from U37-7, The 100mSec pulse from U4-10 will pass
through to U6-13, U8-12 and leaves the board to reset the PA and PS Controller
Boards at J1-A83.
• TX_RESTART - Every time an ON command is received all of the controller

boards will be reset, initializing and clearing any faults. The transmitter will then
try to come up to full power. If a fault returns, the transmitter will simply revert
back to the previous fault condition.
NOTE:
Pressing an ON command will not erase any faults from the Diagnostics Fault
Log. Basically, any components which were shut off due to a fault will now
be turned back on, such as PAs or controllers.
4.7.6.1.1.2 External Interlock

The TX_RESTART signal from U4 is gated by AND gate U6-13. This is the turn on
signal for the contactor and will only pass if U6-12 is also high. U6-12 is the
External Interlock signal. To satisfy the External Interlock, there must be a closed
connection between J4-10 and J4-7 (GND) on the Life Support Board (or between
TB1-7 and TB1-6 on the Remote Control Interface terminal strip). This will activate
the optical isolator, U24 making U27-11 and U33-1 both low. U27-10 inverts the
signal and makes U6-12 high, allowing the high turn on signal at U6-13 to pass to
inverter U16-6. U16-11 now sends a low to the SET input on the contactor turn on
relay, K4 (the contactor is shown in the RESET position).
The External Interlock line going to U33-1 ties the external interlock into the OFF
command circuit. When the External Interlock is closed, this line is low and U33-1
ignores the input. If the External Interlock were opened, the line would go high
which would send a high to the RESET input on relay K4 and the main AC
contactor would disengage.
4.7.6.1.1.3 Contactor Turn On Relay, K4 (Latching)

K4 is a latching relay which only needs to be pulsed to make it change positions and
will then stay in that position until the opposite input is pulsed to make it change
back. When K4 is SET, K4-13 will go high and K4-4 will go low. K4-13, the
CONTACTOR-ON-STATUS signal for the Master Controller, is AND gated with
POWERFAIL and inverted at U16-12 to become the CONTACTOR_ON(BAR)
signal. This signal is sent to the Low Voltage Power Supply Board where it activates
the main contactor and the exciter(s).
888-2408-002 4-49
4.7.6.1.1.4 CONTACTOR_ON(BAR), K4-4

The signal at K4-4 is called CONTACTOR_ON(BAR) and ties to several places,
U33-12, U30-12, and U30-10. This signal is low when K4 is in the SET position
and the contactor is engaged.
a. The CONTACTOR_ON(BAR) signal at U33-12 is only used during Life

Support Mode. Whenever the transmitter is on, K4-4 will be low, which holds
U33-12 low. If the Master Controller has failed the MSTR_NORMAL 1 sig-
nal will also be low. This makes the output at U33-11 and the input to U32-1
low. Once the initial 100mSec turn on pulse from U4-10 is gone, the CLR
input to U4 will also go low, holding the Q output low whether the ON button
is pressed or not. This prevents U8-10 from generating a 3 second mute com-
mand for no reason, since the Master Controller is not working and cannot be
initialized (if the Master was working, MSTR_NORMAL 1 at U33-13 would
be high removing the clear from U4-13). The transmitter must first be turned
off, then turned back on to try to initialize the system. Once the transmitter is
turned off, a turn on pulse can be generated since K4-4 will be high when the
contactor is disengaged. This removes the clear from U4 allowing the trans-
mitter to turn on. In summary, the signal at U33-12,
CONTACTOR_ON(BAR), will not allow a second turn on pulse to be deliv-
ered while the transmitter is still running and in Life Support Mode.
b. The CONTACTOR_ON(BAR) signal at U30-12 is used to disable the power
supply when the contactor is turned off. The signal is high when the transmit-
ter is off and low when turned on. The other input, U30-13 comes from the
Master Controller, SUPPLY_DISABLE, which will pass through to U6-8 as
long as the Master Controller is operating normally. When the PS DISABLE
signal at U30-11 goes high, the power supplies will be shut off via the PS
Controller.
c. U30-10 ties the CONTACTOR_ON(BAR) signal into the SYSTEM_MUTE
line, which will mute the exciter and IPA when the contactor is off.
4.7.6.1.1.5 Remote Low Power ON Command

This command should only be used during Life Support Mode and is therefore
discussed later.
4.7.6.1.2 Transmitter Turn OFF

Whenever the OFF button on the front panel is pressed, the Master Controller sends
a high TX_OFF command to J1-A53 on the Life Support Board. This is tied to
AND gate U25-12. When the Master Controller is working, MSTR_NORMAL1 at
U25-13 will be high and U25-11 will go high. This high will pass through to U31-
11, U33-6 and inverted at U16-10 before reaching the RESET input of K4. When
K4 is RESET, the contactor will de-energize, shutting off the transmitter. The
CONTACTOR_ON(BAR) signal at K4-4 will go high, applying a
4-50 888-2408-002
SUPPLY_DISABLE at U30-11 to shut off the power supplies and a

SYSTEM_MUTE via U30-10 which will mute the exciter and IPA.
4.7.6.1.2.1 Remote Transmitter Turn OFF

REM_OFF(BAR) is activated via the remote control interface. When the remote
control pulls this line low, it will activate optical isolator, U23, bringing U23-6 low.
This is inverted at U27-6 and applied to U25-10 as an active high signal. The input
at U25-9 is not used and will always be high. Therefore the AND gate output at
U25-8 will follow the U25-10 input. The remote off command is then tied in to the
same off command circuitry discussed earlier.
4.7.6.1.2.2 Failsafe
The Failsafe input can be used for any purpose which requires muting of the
transmitter output, such as failure of the remote control, or external RF switching
systems. Customer connection to the Failsafe circuit can be done in one of three
places:
a. At the TB1 remote control terminal strip in the rear of the transmitter (see
Section II, Installation). As shipped from the factory, there is a jumper from
TB1-8 to TB1-10(ground).
b. It can also be connected directly to the Life Support Board to J4-7 and J4-8.
Be very careful when connecting to these terminals. The pressure necessary
to operate the Wago connector on the rear of the board must be properly sup-
ported to keep from bending and possibly damaging the Life Support Board.
c. Lastly, it can be connected at J20-8, a 37 pin D connector, located on the Dis-
play/Backplane Board directly behind the controller front panel. This con-
nects to the Life Support Board at J1-A6.
In any of the three cases, Failsafe is an active low signal which must be pulled low
before the transmitter will output any power. To use the failsafe, the factory jumper
must be removed.
When the failsafe circuit is satisfied, it will cause U23-8 and U25-4 to go low and
U25-6 will stay low, having no effect on transmitter operation. If the Failsafe
connection is opened, U23-8 and U25-4 will go high, but the signal is gated by U25-
5, which is the FAILSAFE_ENABLE signal from the Master Controller This line is
not used and is always high, allowing a Failsafe open condition to pass the high to
U29-10 which ties into the SYSTEM_MUTE circuit. In the Life Support Mode the
signal MASTER_NORMAL(BAR) will be high at U31-2 and will enable U25-5
and the Failsafe signal.
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4.7.6.1.3 External Interlock

The External Interlock input can be used for any purpose which requires shutting off
the transmitter, such as a protective door being opened or a water (or air) switch on
a dummy load. The primary purpose is for the protection of personnel.
a. At the TB1 remote control terminal strip in the rear of the transmitter (see
Section II, Installation). A jumper is installed at the factory to make the Exter-
nal Interlock connection. It is installed between TB1-7 and TB1-6(GND).
b. Life Support Board at J4-10 and J4-7 (ground). If connection is made here,
leave connection open at TB1-7.
External Interlock is an active low signal which must be pulled low before the
transmitter may be turned on. To use the External Interlock, the factory jumper from
TB1-7 to TB1-6(GND) must be removed. External Interlock circuit operation was
discussed earlier in the Transmitter Turn On discussion.
4.7.6.1.4 SYSTEM_MUTE
The SYSTEM_MUTE line is used to mute the RF output from the exciter and IPA.
It is the summation of mute signals from several sources which are discussed below.
The SYSTEM_MUTE is an active high signal at U30-6 and passes through to U38-
3. The signal then splits and goes to relay K1-13 as the exciter mute and to inverter
U13-7 as an IPA mute.
a. Exciter Mute - K1 directs the mute signals, SOFTSTART-MUTE and

SYSTEM_MUTE to the on air exciter (K1 is shown in the RESET or Exciter
1 on air mode). The mute will pass through to U36-8 or U36-11 depending on
the position of K1. If your exciter requires an active high to mute the exciter
then JP1 and JP2 should be left in the 1-2 position. This directs the signal
through inverter U27-2 or U27-4 and then through inverter U28-1 or U28-2
for an active high mute signal to the exciter(s). If your exciter requires an
active low to mute, then JP1 and JP2 should be placed in the 2-3 position
where the mute signal bypasses the U27 inverters and is inverted to an active
low by U28-1 or U28-2, again depending on the position of K1. For proper
positioning of these and other related jumpers, refer to “Alternate Exciter
Installation” in Section II, Installation.
b. IPA Mute - When U5-5 goes high, the analog switch will open, disconnecting
U5-4 and U5-3, and the IPA gate voltage will go maximum negative, via R30,
effectively shutting the IPA off. Relay K2 directs the IPA gate control voltage
to the active IPA, when dual IPAs are used. K3 is not used in the 5kW trans-
mitter. The following is a list of signals which can cause a SYSTEM_MUTE:
c. PA_CTRL1_MUTE and PA_CTRL2_MUTE. This a mute command from the
PA Controller Boards which will be triggered by various events such as a PA
being removed or inserted.
d. MASTER_IPA_MUTE.
4-52 888-2408-002
e. FAILSAFE. Discussed earlier.

f. PA_15V_FAIL. This fault comes from both of the PA Controller Boards. It is
triggered when there is a loss of the -15V on BOTH of the PA Controllers. If
the -15V supply is lost, the PA Controllers will not be able to mute the PAs
and therefore cannot protect them, so the exciter and IPA will be muted to
protect the PAs.
g. CONTACTOR_ON(BAR). Discussed earlier.
4.7.6.1.5 Exciter Select

Exciter Select is only applicable if the transmitter is configured with Main/Alternate
exciters. Exciter select is software controlled by the Master Controller. It can be
switched manually or will switch automatically if the active exciter fails (no RF
output). Exciter switching is done by latching relay K1. EXCITER1_SELECT is a
pulsed signal which will go high to select exciter 1. This will make U12-8 high if
the Master Controller is working (MSTR_NORMAL 1 will be high). This passes
through inverter U13-16 and resets K1. This places K1 in the position shown on the
schematic. K1-4 will be pulled low. This is sent two places:
a. The low from K1-4 goes off the board to the IPA Backplane Board where it
actuates the exciter select relay K1 to the position shown on the schematic. It
also goes to the Master Controller as a status signal, so it knows which exciter
is physically selected.
b. The signal from K1-4 is also used to mute the off air exciter when in the Life
Support Mode, via U35-3 and U35-6, which tie into the exciter mute lines.
Exciter 2 is selected when EXCITER2_SELECT goes high which will SET K1. K1-
4 will go high and this will switch K1 on the IPA Backplane board to the exciter 2
position.
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4.7.6.1.6 IPA Select

IPA select is software controlled by the Master Controller. It can be switched
manually or will switch automatically if the active IPA fails (no RF output). IPA
switching is done by latching relay K2. IPA_SELECT_AB1 is a pulsed signal
which will go high to select IPA_AB1 (the AB represents Z-Plane A and Z-Plane
B). This will make U14-3 high if the Master Controller is working
(MSTR_NORMAL 1 will be high). This passes through inverter U13-14 and will
RESET K2. This places K2 in the position shown on the schematic. K2-4 will be
pulled low. This is sent two places:
a. The low from K2-4 goes off the board to the IPA Backplane Board where it
actuates the IPA select relays, K2 and K3 to the position shown on the sche-
matic.
b. It also goes to the Master Controller as a status signal, so it knows which IPA
is selected.
IPA AB2 is selected when IPA_SELECT_AB2 goes high which will SET K2. K2-4
will go high and this will switch K2 and K3 on the IPA Backplane board to the
IPA_AB2 position. K2 is also responsible for switching the IPA gate control voltage
(transmitter power control signal) to the active IPA.
4.7.6.1.7 Power Control

The transmitter power output is controlled by the IPA output level. The IPA output
level is controlled by the signal MSTR_IPA_CTL, which is an analog voltage
(variable DC) which will control the IPA gate voltage. Varying the gate voltage will
vary the IPA power output. MSTR_IPA_CTL, enters the board at J1-A35 where it is
applied to analog switch, U5-1. If the Master Controller is working, then U5-13 is
high and MSTR_IPA_CTL passes through the switch to U5-4. If there is no mute
signal present at U5-5, the signal will pass through to CR4 and U15-3. CR4 and R30
basically create a negative gate bias for the IPA which will vary with the
MSTR_IPA_CTL signal. The IPA requires about -15V to be completely shut off and
about 0V to be fully turned on. For more information on Power Control refer to the
APC discussion earlier in this section under the Master Controller.
4.7.6.1.8 IPA Current and Voltage Samples

IPA current is detected as the differential voltage across a current shunt resistor in
series with the IPA supply voltage on the IPA Backplane Board. The shunt resistor
is R1 on the IPA Backplane. The current sample is called IPA_AB_I Sample. This is
compared against IPA_AB_V Sample, which comes from the input side of the shunt
resistor. The voltage difference between these to samples is directly proportional to
the current flowing through the shunt resistor. The difference is amplified by U18-6
and Q1 and is sent to the Master Controller for monitoring and protection. The
IPA_CD samples are only used in the 10kW transmitter.
4-54 888-2408-002
The IPA Voltage sample is taken from the voltage divider made up of R45 and R48.
This is sent to the Master Controller for monitoring and protection.
4.7.6.1.8.1 U18 Supply Voltage

The supply voltage for U18, VDP1 and VDN1 comes from U22 and diodes CR16,
CR17 and CR6. The samples coming into U18 at pins 2 and 3 are about 52 VDC.
The supply voltage for U18 is floating at VDP which is the PA voltage plus 4 volts
and VDN which is the PA voltage minus 4 volts. Basically U22 is a small switching
supply providing a floating +/- supply for the op-amps U18 and U21.
4.7.6.1.9 Forward Power Sample

The forward power sample from the directional coupler enters the Life Support
Board at J2. The sample is detected by CR8 and buffered by U1-14. The DC voltage
at TP8 is proportional to the forward power output of the transmitter. This is sent to
the Master Controller where it is used for monitoring, display, automatic power
control or APC and calibration.
4.7.6.1.9.1 CPLR_DISC_FAULT
This is an interlock fault which will mute the transmitter if the cable to the forward
directional coupler is disconnected. The fault line is pulled up through R1 to +5V. If
the coupler is connected, the line is pulled low and no fault occurs. When
disconnected, the line will pull high and the Master Controller will mute the
transmitter.
4.7.6.1.10 Reflected Power

The reflected power sample enters the board at J3. It is detected by CR10 and
buffered by U1-1. The voltage at TP7 is directly proportional to the amount of
reflected power coming back to the transmitter from the antenna or transmission
line. This DC sample voltage is sent to the Master Controller, via J1-A19, for
VSWR protection and monitoring when the Master Controller is operational. The
VSWR fault comparator output at U3-2 will only be able to effect transmitter
operation in Life Support Mode.
4.7.6.2 Life Support Mode

The following contains all pertinent circuit information for operating in the Life
Support Mode. This is when the Master Controller has failed and the Life Support
Board has taken over control of the transmitter.
4.7.6.2.1 Master Controller Failure

The Master Controller has what is referred to as a “Watchdog Timer”. As long as the
micro-controller on the Master Controller board is working and executing its
program normally, the Watchdog Timer will be sending out a pulse every 1.0msec.
These pulses are detected by 1/2 of U4 on the Life Support Board (U4-4), a re-
triggerable one-shot with a 2msec time-out, which will stay triggered (SET) as long
as the Watchdog Timer pulses continue. If the Watchdog Timer pulses are
888-2408-002 4-55
interrupted (which means the Master Controller has failed), U4 will time-out and go
to the RESET mode. The Q output will go low and Q_NOT will go high. The low
signal from the Q output is inverted at U16-13, and pulls the
MASTER_NORMAL(BAR) signal high (this signal is normally low when the
Master Controller is working). The high Q_NOT signal at U4-7 is inverted at U16-
14 and U16-15. U16-14 pulls the MSTR_NORMAL 1 signal low while U16-15
pulls the MASTER_NORMAL signal low (these signals are normally high when
the Master Controller is working).
4.7.6.2.1.1 MASTER_NORMAL
This signal goes low when the Master Controller fails and only has one function. It
is the control signal for U5-13, an analog switch. The input to the switch at U5-1 is
the analog control signal, MSTR_IPA_CTL from the Master Controller APC
circuit, which controls the IPA gate voltage and therefore the power output of the
transmitter. When the Master Controller is working, the analog IPA control signal
passes through to U5-2. Provided there is no SOFTSTART_MUTE or
SYSTEM_MUTE, the IPA control signal will also pass through to U5-3 and on to
U15-3. U15 buffers the signal and sends it to IPA select relay K2. K2 directs the IPA
control signal to the active IPA.
When the Master Controller fails, MASTER_NORMAL will go low, opening the
U5-13 switch. The MANUAL PWR REF pot R25 now controls the transmitter
power output. This is factory set for 1/4 of the rated transmitter power output.
4.7.6.2.1.2 MSTR_NORMAL 1
This signal goes low when the Master Controller fails. Its primary responsibility is
to disconnect all of the control lines coming from the Master Controller via AND
gates. It causes the following actions to occur:
a. MSTR_NORMAL 1 applies a low to AND gate U6-4, fan speed select gate.
When in Life Support Mode the fan will be forced to high speed operation
due to the possible higher than normal dissipations when running at reduced
power. The output of AND gate U6-6 passes through to U16-16 and on to the
Low Voltage Power Supply Board and the fan select relay, K3.
b. MSTR_NORMAL 1 applies a low to AND gate U6-10. This interrupts the
SUPPLY_DISABLE command from the Master Controller to the PS Control-
ler by holding U6-8 low. The SUPPLY_DISABLE is an active high com-
mand, which is used to place the PA Power Supplies in standby mode
(standby mode is when the tap SCRs are all shut off but the discharge circuit
is not activated).
c. MSTR_NORMAL 1 applies a low to AND gate U25-13. This inhibits the
Master Controller from giving the transmitter OFF command. The OFF com-
mand can still be given directly via the front panel overlay button or by
remote control, REM_OFF(BAR). The remote inputs REM_ON_LOW,
4-56 888-2408-002
REM_OFF and FAILSAFE become active due to the signal

MASTER_NORMAL(BAR) going high when Life Support is initiated. This
is discussed in the paragraphs labeled MASTER_NORMAL(BAR).
d. MSTR_NORMAL 1 applies a low to AND gate U25-2. This inhibits the Mas-
ter Controller from initiating a SYSTEM_MUTE which would mute the
exciters and the IPA.
e. MSTR_NORMAL 1 applies a low to NAND gate U7-2 causing U7-3 to go
high. This enables the direct connection of the front panel overlay buttons to
the on and off logic by enabling U26-13 and U26-2, bypassing the control cir-
cuits on the failed Master Controller.
1. When the OFF button is pressed, U26-1 will go high, causing U26-3 to
go high. This then passes through a series of OR gates, U31-8, U31-11
and U33-6 and on to U16-10. This then connects to the RESET line on
latching relay K4, placing it in the position shown on the schematic.
K4-13 will go low, and this is sent through U16-12 and on to the LOW
Voltage Power Supply Board to relays K1 and K2. K1 and K2 will
both open, shutting off the AC to the contactor and the exciters (K1
applies AC to the contactor coil, while K2 applies AC to the exciters).
2. The high at U26-13 enables the XMTR_ON_LOW pushbutton on the
front panel overlay when in Life Support Mode to enable the local
transmitter ON LOW command. Remote ON LOW (REM_ON_LOW)
is also available in Life Support Mode. Note that the HIGH ON push-
button on the front panel overlay has no function when in Life Support
Mode.
f. MSTR_NORMAL 1 applies a low to all four AND gates in both U12 and
U14. This prevents the Master Controller from applying exciter mute, exciter
select or IPA select signals.
4.7.6.2.1.3 MASTER_NORMAL(BAR)
This signal goes high when the Master Controller fails. It causes the following
actions to occur:
a. MASTER_NORMAL(BAR) applies a high to AND gate U6-2. This enables

the fault, LS_SYST_FAULT (Life Support System Fault) only while in Life
Support Mode. This fault is caused by excessive VSWR or IPA Current and
will shut the transmitter off.
b. MASTER_NORMAL(BAR) applies a high to OR gate U32-5. This enables
the remote command, REM_ON_LOW(BAR) so the transmitter can be
turned on by remote control when the Master Controller has failed. Note that
the REMOTE_ON_LOW(BAR) command can be disabled, during normal
operation, by placing the controller in LOCAL mode using the front panel
REMOTE DISABLE pushbutton. This disables the remote ON command via
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the REM_ON_ENABLE signal at U32-4. If the Controller is in LOCAL

mode, U26-5 will be low and the REM_ON_LOW(BAR) command is inhib-
ited. When Life Support Mode is initiated, U32-5 and therefore U26-5 is
forced high enabling the REM_ON_LOW(BAR) command.
c. MASTER_NORMAL(BAR) applies a high to the CLEAR line of U8-3. This
enables U8-6, the Q output, to apply a 3 second SOFTSTART_MUTE after a
power failure. The POWERFAIL(BAR) signal comes from U37-7 and is a
minimum 200mSec low pulse. U37 is monitoring the +20Vdc supply and will
bring pin 7 low if the voltage drops below approximately +12Vdc. Note that
the POWERFAIL(BAR) signal will not go back to the high condition until
200mSec after power is restored. In Life Support Mode, after a power failure
U37-7 will go high which triggers U8-4. This will then trigger a
SOFTSTART_MUTE via OR gate U33-10 for 3 seconds. The
SOFTSTART_MUTE signal mutes the exciter RF output, to make sure there
is no RF applied to the system for at least 3 seconds to allow the supplies to
fully charge. U8 is only active in Life Support Mode. It is cleared by the
MASTER_NORMAL(BAR) signal when the Master Controller is opera-
tional. The Master Controller normally takes care of this function via the
SYSTEM_MUTE line.
d. MASTER_NORMAL(BAR) applies a high to the CLEAR line of U8-13.
This enables U8-10, the Q output, to apply a 3 second SOFTSTART_MUTE
whenever an on command is given via U35-11. The SOFTSTART_MUTE
mutes the exciter RF output, to make sure there is no RF applied to the system
for at least 3 seconds to allow the supplies to fully charge. U8 is only active in
Life Support Mode. It is cleared by the MASTER_NORMAL(BAR) signal
when the Master Controller is operational. The Master Controller normally
takes care of this function via the SYSTEM_MUTE line.
e. MASTER_NORMAL(BAR) applies a high to OR gate U31-5. This circuit is
not used.
f. MASTER_NORMAL(BAR) applies a high to OR gate U31-2. This enables
the FAILSAFE command by placing a high at U25-5, when in Life Support
Mode.
g. Lastly, MASTER_NORMAL(BAR) applies a high to AND gates U35-2 and
U35-5. This applies a mute to the inactive exciter for as long as the transmit-
ter is in Life Support Mode. Latching relay K1 determines which exciter is
muted. K1 is shown in the RESET position, which mutes Exciter 2. When
SET, K1 will mute Exciter 1. The position of K1 cannot be changed while in
Life Support Mode.
4-58 888-2408-002
4.7.6.2.2 Reflected Power

The reflected power sample enters the board at J3. It is detected by CR10 and
buffered by U1-1. The voltage at TP7 is directly proportional to the amount of
reflected power coming back to the transmitter from the antenna or transmission
line. This DC sample voltage is sent to the Master Controller, via J1-A19, for
VSWR protection and monitoring when the Master Controller is operational.
If the Master is not functioning (Life Support Mode), then the RFL PWR Overload
Adjust, R24 and comparator U3-2, will protect the transmitter from excessive
VSWR by shutting it off. R24 sets the reference voltage for U3-5, which is the
VSWR comparator for Life Support Mode. If the VSWR exceeds 150 watts
reflected in this mode the comparator will trip and U3-2 will go low. This is inverted
at U7-6 and becomes, LS_SYST_FAULT, which stands for Life Support System
Fault. This signal is sent to AND gate U6-1. U6-2 is connected to the
MASTER_NORMAL line. This line will be high only if the Master Controller has
failed, which is the case here for Life Support Mode. Therefore the
LS_SYST_FAULT will cause U6-3 to go high. Next, OR gates U33-3 and U33-6
will also go high, making U16-10 output high. This is connected to the RESET side
of latching relay, K4. When K4 resets, K4-14 will go low, which will send a low to
the Low Voltage Power Supply Board, via U16-12. The main AC contactor will
disengage and the transmitter will be shut off.
It is important to note that if the Master controller is working, then U6-3 would not
go high and therefore the LS_SYST_FAULT is not active. This is due to the fact
that the Master Controller has the primary responsibility for VSWR protection. This
circuit only has function when the Master Controller has failed and the transmitter is
running in the Life Support Mode.
4.7.6.2.3 IPA Current Fault

While in Life Support Mode, IPA Current overload protection is accomplished
using comparator U3-1 and IPA Current Fault Adjust, R23. R23 is set for a
conservative IPA current level. If the IPA current is too high, U3-1 will go low. This
is tied into the LS_SYST_FAULT circuit at U7-6 discussed earlier and will shut the
transmitter off.
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Table 4-1 PA Control Distribution
PA Designations on PA
Controller Schematics
PA Designations on Related Related
PAC PAC PAC PAC Combiner and Isolation Isolation
PA Designations #1 #2 #3 #4 Divider Schematics Relay # Resistor #
A1 PA6 PA8 (J8) K8 RT8
Z-PLANE A
B1 PA5 PA5 (J5) K5 RT5
Z-PLANE B
This chart is meant as an aid in tracking control, status and metering signals
between the PA Controllers and the individual PAs. The first column groups the PAs
by Z-Plane. The second column gives the actual PA designation or location as
silkscreened on the inside of the PA doors. As for columns 3 through 6, each PA
Controller is identical and has the ability to control 8 PAs, PA1-PA8. However, an
output labeled PA1 on the PA Controller schematic does not necessarily go to
amplifier A1 or B1. For example, On Z-Plane A, amplifier A4 is connected to any
input or output of PAC #2 that is labeled PA7, such as PA7_GATE. Note that on Z-
Plane B, amplifier B4 is connected to any input or output labeled PA8 on PAC #1.
This cross numbering is due to the fact that Z-Plane B is inverted compared to Z-
Plane A. The seventh column is actually the intermediate step between the PAs and
the PA Controllers and gives the designation and connector number for each of the
PAs. The last 2 columns give the component designator for the Isolation Switch and
Isolation Resistor for each of the PAs. The Isolation switches and resistors are
located on the Isolation boards mounted on the sides of the Z-Planes.
4-60 888-2408-002
Maintenance and
Alignment
5.1 Introduction
This section provides maintenance and alignment information, for the purpose of
routine maintenance and replacement of PC boards and other major components of
the Platinum Z5 FM BROADCAST TRANSMITTER.
5.2 Routine Maintenance

Routine maintenance of the Platinum Z series transmitter basically consists of
regular cleaning and monitoring of temperatures, currents, voltages and faults.
5.2.1 Safety Precautions

It is very dangerous to attempt to make measurements or to replace components
with power on. The design of the transmitter provides safety features such that
lethal voltages are shielded behind doors or clear lexan shields which require a tool
to be opened. Shut off all power before servicing the transmitter, other than
replacement of modules. The Front and rear doors are hinged and can be opened
while the transmitter is running for access to the modules. The modules are “HOT-
PLUGGABLE” which means they can be accessed and removed or replaced
without turning the transmitter off.
5.2.2 Record Keeping

The importance of keeping station performance records cannot be over-emphasized.
Logbooks should be maintained for all operation and maintenance activities. These
records can provide data for predicting potential problem areas and analyzing
equipment malfunctions.
5.2.2.1 Recommended Log Readings

There is a listing of the recommended meter readings contained in Table 5-2, “Z5
Minimum Recommended Transmitter Log Readings,” on page 5-26.
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Maintenance and Alignment
5.2.2.2 Transmitter Logbook

As a minimum performance characteristic, the transmitter should be monitored
(using front panel metering and the Diagnostic Display) and the results recorded in
the transmitter logbook at least once a day.
5.2.2.3 Maintenance Logbook

The maintenance logbook should contain a complete description of all maintenance
activities required to keep the transmitter operational. A list of maintenance
information to be recorded and analyzed to provide a database for a failure reporting
system is as follows:
DISCREPANCY
• Describe the nature of the malfunction. Include all observable symptoms

and performance characteristics.
CORRECTIVE ACTION
• Describe the repair procedure used to correct the malfunction.

DEFECTIVE PART(S)
List all parts and components replaced or repaired. Include the following details:
• COMPONENT TIME IN USE

• COMPONENT PART NUMBER
• COMPONENT SCHEMATIC NUMBER
• COMPONENT ASSEMBLY NUMBER
• COMPONENT REFERENCE DESIGNATOR
SYSTEM ELAPSED TIME
• Total transmitter time on.

NAME OF REPAIRMAN
• Person who actually made the repair.

STATION ENGINEER
• Indicates chief engineer noted and approved the transmitter repair.
5-2 888-2408-002
5.2.3 Cleaning
Proper airflow is essential in keeping the transmitter in top working condition. If
outside air is brought into the building it should be well filtered to keep dirt out of
the building and the transmitter.
5.2.3.1 Module cleaning

The heatsinks on the modules are high efficiency, and therefore do not have large
openings for airflow and will tend to collect dirt over time. The modules should be
cleaned with compressed air on a schedule to be determined on site, depending on
the air system, filtering, humidity etc... (at least once a year). This determination can
be made either by visual inspection or by monitoring the module temperatures in the
Diagnostics Display.
! WARNING:
To locate the PA Temperature Monitoring press [METERING, C,A, then select the
desired Z-Plane]. Keeping a regular log of the PA temperatures versus Ambient
temperature will give a quick indication of a possible problem or that cleaning is
necessary. To check the ambient temperature reading press [METERING, C,D,B].
5.2.3.2 Cleaning the Air Filter

The indication as to when to clean or replace the air filter is basically the same as
mentioned in the previous paragraphs, mainly with the airflow indicator, but
temperatures and/or a visual inspection would also suffice. To monitor Airflow
press [METERING D,B].
5.2.3.3 Cleaning the Power Supply

The power supply can either be cleaned with a vacuum cleaner or compressed air or
both. For example, the rectifier heatsinks on top of the transformers should be
cleaned with compressed air, then after the dust settles, the rest of the compartment
vacuumed. Be very careful when moving cables to clean. Anytime a cable or wire is
moved, there is the possibility of breakage or open connections. Therefore cables
should always be moved as little as possible.
5.3 Blower Motor Maintenance

Current transmitter models use GE brand motors which have sealed bearings with
no grease fittings, and require no lubrication.
888-2408-002 5-3
5.4 Routine Annual Tests

These tests should be used as part of a routine maintenance program at least once a
year. It should also be done if major combiner components are removed and/or
replaced, such as a Z-Plane or Isolation Board or if cabling is disconnected and re-
connected to the Z-Planes or Isolation Boards.
5.4.1 System Level ISO/Reject Load Ohmmeter Test

The ISO/Reject loads for the Z-Plane can be physically tested using an ohmmeter.
Shut off the transmitter and disconnect primary power at the wall breaker. Remove a
PA module to allow access to the Z-Plane connectors. Connect the common lead of
the meter to the chassis and check pins 14 or 15 on the Z-Plane connector. The
resistance should be 50 ohms +/- 3 ohms for Z-Plane B. This is checking ISO_AB,
the 50 ohm reject load on the 3dB hybrid which is combining the 2 Z-Plane outputs.
Z-Plane A will read a short due to the static discharge choke L1 at the bottom of the
harmonic filter. Figure 5-1 shows the connector numbering and lettering for the Z-
Plane connectors. This diagram will work when looking at the front or back of the
transmitter on any power block, or PA slot.
Figure 5-1 Z-Plane Connector Pinouts for any PA Module
5-4 888-2408-002
5.4.2 System Test

The purpose of the SYSTEM test is to check the combiner configuration, cabling
and integrity. The length of time required for the SYSTEM test will be indicated on
the display. The test will reduce the transmitter power to 40% of nameplate TPO
(2kW) and will be going through a MUTE cycle for each PA. The antenna VSWR
must be 1.2:1 or less with no faults present in order to run the test. If the VSWR
is too high the test will be aborted, but nothing will be reported in the Fault Log (the
abort screen will read VSWR high). During the test the HIGH ON and LOW ON
buttons will not work. The test can be started at any time and any power level above
50%. If a fault is detected during the test it will be aborted and the fault will be
noted in the Fault Log. Also the user can abort the test at any time by pressing the
OFF button or via the test screen on the Diagnostics Display. The results of the test
will be either Aborted, Failed or Passed. If the test fails, check the Fault Log to find
out why. To run the SYSTEM test press [MORE TEST C]. This will bring up the
screen in Figure 5-2. Press [D] to run the test or [C] to go back to the previous
menu.
NOTE:
For further details, see “Self Diagnostics” portion of Section 6 in this manual.
Figure 5-2 System Test (takes about 8 minutes)
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5.5 Isolation Board Maintenance

If it is determined that one of the Isolation Boards needs repair or replacement, the
recommended procedure is to completely exchange the board. The entire Isolation
assembly is relatively inexpensive and easy to remove and replace. The Isolation
resistors and RF switches are critical to the proper operation of the combiner
system. Replacement of any parts on the Isolation Boards requires the proper
soldering equipment and techniques to prevent damage to components or the PC
board itself. The isolation resistors all have thermistors attached to them with epoxy
for temperature sensing. Therefore the resistors and thermistors, labeled RT1 - RT8,
must be obtained from Harris, pre-assembled. De-soldering on the Isolation Board
requires a lot of heat due to the large amount of ground plane. If the resistors are not
heated and removed properly, the PC board will be damaged and the feed-throughs
pulled out.
5.5.1 Isolation Board Replacement

There are 2 Isolation Boards in the Z5, one for each Z-Plane. The boards are
mounted on each side of the 5kW power block.
5.5.1.1 Isolation Board Removal

a. There are 2 ribbon cables connecting to each Isolation assembly. The cables
should be disconnected from the RFI filter boards. They can be removed from
the Isolation Board once it is removed from the transmitter. It does make a
difference where these re-connect. The cables and connectors are labeled so
proper connection can be verified on the Overall System Block Diagram.
b. Remove the 4 hex standoffs near the corners of the assembly. There are 4
round standoffs very close to the corners of the assembly which are merely
guide pins and do not need to be removed.
c. Once the hex standoffs are removed, the Isolation board can be pulled straight
out from the Z-Plane until the connection pins are disengaged.
! CAUTION:
THERE ARE 10 SMALL PINS WHICH CONNECT THE ISOLATION
RESISTORS TO THE Z-PLANE. THESE ARE EASILY BENT IF THE
ASSEMBLY IS NOT PULLED STRAIGHT OUT. IF BENT, THEY WILL HAVE
TO BE STRAIGHTENED BEFORE IT WILL BE ABLE TO BE RE-INSTALLED.
IF BENT TOO FAR, THE PINS MAY BREAK OFF WHEN STRAIGHTENED.
d. The Isolation assemblies for Z-Plane A must be taken out the front of the
transmitter. The Isolation assemblies for Z-Plane B can be taken out the front
or rear of the transmitter.
5-6 888-2408-002
NOTE:
Each Isolation Board is programmed for a specific Z-Plane. Therefore, if
more than one Isolation assembly is removed at one time, mark each one as to
its proper location. The programming is a simple jumper selection on the PC
board. The jumper chart is printed on the PC Board next to the jumpers and
can also be found on the Isolation Board schematic if verification is required.
5.5.1.2 Inspection
All of the isolation resistors have a thermistor attached to them with a special epoxy.
Verify that all of the thermistors are firmly attached and that the epoxy has not
cracked as this will give incorrect temperature readings.
! CAUTION:
BE VERY CAREFUL WHEN DESOLDERING ANY OF THE RESISTORS AS
A LARGE AMOUNT OF HEAT IS REQUIRED. DO NOT PULL VERY HARD
OR THE FEED THROUGH HOLES ON THE PC BOARD COULD BE
DAMAGED.
The resistors should be ordered as an assembly, with the thermistor already attached
as this is very critical to proper transmitter operation.
5.5.1.3 Installation of Isolation Assembly

If a new Isolation Board is being installed be sure to set the ID jumpers to the proper
location as marked on the PC Board next to the jumper pins. The safest method is to
set the ID the same as the board being replaced.
The Isolation assembly should slide back into place fairly easily as long as none of
the pins are bent. Re-install the 4 hex standoffs and the 2 ribbon cables, making sure
that the cables are connected to the same port from which they were removed. Be
careful not to over-tighten the hex standoffs.
5.6 PA Replacement
Since field repair of the Power Amplifiers is not a recommended procedure, the
only option is to replace it (especially during the warranty period). A replacement
PA will include the 1/4 inch thick copper plate under the PC board. Do not remove
the PC Board from the copper plate. When installing the new PA, be sure to apply a
thin but even coating of thermal compound before re-assembly to the heatsink.
Tolerance on the screw holes will assure alignment into the Z-Plane connector.
888-2408-002 5-7
5.7 Directional Coupler Removal and Replacement

First, note that 2 of the couplers are labeled Forward sampling and one is Reflected.
They cannot be interchanged as the coupling ratio is different. The difference is how
far the coupler is inserted into the base. The Forward couplers are not inserted as far
as the reflected and have a small gap between the coupler and the base.
Before removal, mark each coupler for the following:
a. Proper position - the couplers should go back into the same hole from which
they came.
b. Orientation - mark the couplers with an arrow pointing up to be sure and
replace them correctly. Reversing a forward coupler makes it read reflected
and vise-versa.
c. Cable Number - write on the coupler, the number of the BNC cable which
attaches to it.
NOTE:
The directional couplers are held in place on the harmonic filter with 2 hose
clamps. Be sure to place the clamps as far toward the edge of the coupler
body as possible and do not over-tighten.
d. A calibration of the Forward or Reflected power should be done depending on

which coupler was replaced.
NOTE:
If both couplers are being replaced at the same time, Reflected Power should
be calibrated first, then the Forward Power. An external meter is required to
calibrate Reflected Power in this case.
5.7.1 Typical Coupling Ratios

Typical Coupling Ratios for the directional couplers is as follows:
Forward Couplers: 48.8dB@ 88MHz to 47dB@ 108MHz
Reflected Couplers: 43.8dB@ 88MHz to 42dB@ 108MHz
(tolerance is +/- 0.1dB with directivity greater than 30dB. This is not guaranteed
since any minor variations can be factored out by using the calibration procedures).
For frequencies between 88 and 108MHz the actual coupling ratio can be
extrapolated linearly. For example: At 98 MHz the typical Forward Coupling ratio
is 47.9dB.
5-8 888-2408-002
5.8 Setting Maximum Power Limits

There is a maximum power limit which can be set for each of the transmitter power
settings, LOW and HIGH. The “MAX HIGH SET” sets the maximum power output
when the transmitter is on HIGH power. The “MAX LOW SET” sets the maximum
power output when the transmitter is on LOW power. While these settings are
normally used to prevent the transmitter power output from exceeding legal limits,
they can also be used to protect an under rated RF system.
The MAX HIGH Power limit is set as follows:
STEP 1 Turn the transmitter on at HIGH power and set the power output to a
power level which is less than the desired maximum power using the
Raise and Lower buttons.
STEP 2 To enter a new MAX HIGH setting go to the MAX HIGH SET
screen, [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION B,B] change to the
new maximum power level and press [BACK] to save the changes.
STEP 3 Press Raise to make sure the power level will not go above the new
MAX HIGH setting. The MAX HIGH setting in Step 2 can be
adjusted slightly to get the exact desired power level.
The MAX LOW Power limit is set as follows:
STEP 1 Turn the transmitter on at LOW power and set the power output to a
power level which is less than the desired maximum power using the
Raise and Lower buttons.
STEP 2 To enter a new MAX LOW setting go to the MAX LOW SET screen,
[HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION B,C] change to the new
maximum LOW power level and press [BACK] to save the changes.
STEP 3 Press Raise to make sure the power level will not go above the new
MAX LOW setting. The MAX LOW setting in Step 2 can be
adjusted slightly to get the exact desired power level.
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5.9 Setting FWD PWR to Display 100%

This procedure simply makes the transmitter FWD PWR % meter read 100% at the
present transmitter power output (this will not change the kW reading on the FWD
PWR display). Changing TPO does not require re-calibration and is accomplished
with the following 2 steps:
STEP 1 Set the power to the desired TPO using the raise and lower buttons.
STEP 2 Go to the 100% TPO SET screen [HOME, MORE,
CONFIGURATION B,A]. Set the power level to your new TPO.
Press [BACK] to update and store the new information.
The front panel FWD PWR reading should be 100%. You may also want to change
the MAX HIGH and MAX LOW power settings to something more in line with
your new TPO as well. MAX HIGH sets the maximum power level when the HIGH
ON button is pressed, while MAX LOW sets the maximum power level when the
LOW ON button is pressed.
5.10 Setting Life Support Power Level

This procedure is to be used to set the MANUAL PWR REF pot R25 on the Life
Support Board to the proper level (R25 sets the power output of the transmitter if
the Master Controller ever fails). The procedure requires an external wattmeter. If
the MANUAL PWR REF pot R25 is adjusted for any reason, the following will
assure it is set back to the proper position:
STEP 1 Adjust R25 maximum CCW.

STEP 2 Set switch S1-9 (RESET) on the Master Controller to the ON
position to place the transmitter in Life Support Mode (the fan will
switch to high speed).
STEP 3 Adjust R25, Manual PWR Reference on the Life Support Board for
1.25kW on the external meter.
STEP 4 Switch S1-9 to OFF and the transmitter should return to your normal
TPO. It may be necessary to raise or lower power slightly.
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5.11 Forward Power Calibration

If at all possible, it is recommended that the transmitter be calibrated at the full 5kW
power level, even if your TPO is different. This restores all of the calibration
parameters to the same relative values as were set up in the factory. It will also
assure that the transmitter will be able to reach its full 6kW power output if so
desired (this is a user defined level which is set by the MAX HIGH SET in the
configuration menus). If it is not possible to calibrate at 5kW use your normal
transmitter power output (TPO).
The following Forward Power Calibration procedure requires an external power

meter to be used as the calibration reference.
STEP 1 Shut the transmitter off. Press [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION,

D] and set your operating frequency.
STEP 2 Go to the 100% TPO SET screen [HOME, MORE,
CONFIGURATION B,A]. Set this screen to read the power at which
you are going to calibrate (5kW or your TPO).
STEP 3 Press [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION B,B]. This should take
you to the MAX HIGH SET screen. Make a note of the setting and
then change it to 6kW for this procedure. Press [BACK] to update
the information.
STEP 4 Press [HOME,MORE,CONFIGURATION C,A,A] to go to the
Forward Factor screen in Figure 5-3. If necessary edit this screen to
read 0.007697. To access the edit controls press and hold the [D] key
and press [C]. Press [BACK] to save the changes.
Figure 5-3 Forward Calibration Factor Screen

[HOME,MORE,CONFIGURATION C,A,A]
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STEP 5 Press [HOME,MORE,CONFIGURATION C,A,D,C] to go to the

APC Factor screen in Figure 5-4. Set the CAL_APC_FACTOR to
7.58. To access the edit controls press and hold the [D] key and press
[C]. Press [BACK] to save the changes.
Figure 5-4 APC Calibration Factor Screen

[HOME,MORE,CONFIGURATION C,A,D,C]
STEP 6 Set R127 on the Life Support Board maximum CW.

STEP 7 Turn the transmitter on. Make sure the exciter power is on and un-
muted.
STEP 8 Press [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION C,B]. This will take you
to the screen shown in Figure 5-5. Using the Raise and Lower
buttons, set the DAC_APC_REF to 660.
Figure 5-5 A/D FWD PWR Screen

[HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION C,B]
STEP 9 Re-Adjust R127 on the Life Support Board until the external meter
reads 5kW or the TPO at which you are calibrating. The adjustment
will be sensitive, so be careful not to go too fast.
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STEP 10 Set the power level in the FWD POWER CAL screen
[HOME,MORE,CONFIGURATION C,C] (see Figure 5-6) to
05.00kW or the TPO at which you are calibrating.
Figure 5-6 Forward Power Calibration Screen

[HOME,MORE,CONFIGURATION C,C]
STEP 11 Set the Transmitter LCD meter (the right-hand display) to read FWD
PWR in kW.
STEP 12 Calibrating - Verify once more that the FWD POWER CAL screen
and the external power meter agree. If necessary, re-adjust R127 on
the Life Support Board to make the external meter read exactly 5kW
or your TPO. Press and hold the [D] key at the bottom right of the
display and then press the [BACK] key to the left of the display
to calibrate the FWD power and save the new information. The
display will flash “Calibration Done” very quickly at the bottom of
the Diagnostics Display. The external meter and the FWD PWR
reading on the transmitter should now agree.
STEP 13 Return to the 100% TPO SET screen [HOME, MORE,
CONFIGURATION B,A] and change the level to match your TPO.
Press [BACK] to save the changes. The FWD PWR meter should
read 100% (or your TPO in kW depending on the setting).
STEP 14 Set the MAX HIGH back to the setting noted in Step 3 or to set a
new MAX HIGH go to “Setting Maximum Power Limits” earlier in
this section.
STEP 15 It is recommended that the following “Cal Values” be noted for future
reference since they may have changed from those noted on the
factory test data sheet: [HOME,MORE,CONFIGURATION C,A]
• FORWARD FACTOR
• IPA FACTOR
• EXC FACTOR
• CAL FREQUENCY
• CAL APC FACTOR
Forward power calibration is now complete.
888-2408-002 5-13
5.12 Reflected Power Calibration

This procedure can be done using the forward power reading on the transmitter. If
the forward power also needs to be calibrated, then an external meter will have to be
used.
STEP 1 Shut the transmitter off. Turn R128 on the Life Support Board
maximum CCW. This reduces the VSWR sensitivity to minimum.
STEP 2 On the Diagnostics Display, check the VSWR fault and foldback
settings. Press [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION B,D,C,C]. This
is the screen used to set the VSWR Fault level. It should read 1.50. If
so, press [BACK]. If not, use the ABCD keys to set it to 1.50. Once
it is set press [BACK] and the screen information will be saved.
STEP 3 Press [D], to go to the VSWR Foldback screen. Set the VSWR
FOLDBACK to 1.49. Press [BACK] to save the settings.
STEP 4 Press [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION C,A,B]. Set the value of
“REFLECT FACTOR” to 0.000306, see Figure 5-7. To access the
edit controls for the screen press and hold the [D] and then press the
[C] button. Press [BACK] to save changes.
Figure 5-7 Reflected Calibration Factor Screen

[HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION C,A,B]
STEP 5 Open the back of the transmitter and locate the Reflected power
directional coupler (it should be the one on the left side). It is marked
with a small tag. If necessary trace the wire numbers to determine
the correct coupler. Be very careful to keep track of the top to bottom
orientation. Loosen the 2 clamps until the Reflected Coupler can be
taken off. Now rotate the coupler 180o and re-install it. This lets the
coupler sense forward power. Be sure to push the clamps as far
toward the outside edge as possible and do not over-tighten. Also
make sure the BNC cable is attached.
5-14 888-2408-002
STEP 6 Press the HIGH ON button and then quickly press and hold the
LOWER button for 10 seconds. This will turn the transmitter on at
zero power output.
STEP 7 Raise the transmitter power very slowly until the Forward Power
meter reading is 150 watts (or 00.15 kW). If Forward Power is not
yet calibrated, then an external meter will have to be used.
STEP 8 Press [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION C,B]. You should now
be at the screen shown in Figure 5-8, A/D RFL PWR. Re-adjust
R128 until the A/D RFL PWR reading is 700. Go slowly, the
adjustment is sensitive.
Figure 5-8 A/D RFL PWR Screen

[HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION C,B]
STEP 9 Set the Transmitter LCD meter (the right-hand display) to read RFL
PWR in kW. If it reads VSWR press and hold the button for about 5
seconds and it will change to kW.
STEP 10 Press [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION C,D]. The will take you
to the Reflected Power Cal screen and should look like Figure 5-9.
Set this screen to 00.15kW. Press and hold [D] and then press
[BACK] to calibrate the reflected power meter to 150 watts and
save the information. The display will flash “Calibration Done”
very quickly at the bottom of the Diagnostics Display.
Figure 5-9 Reflected Power Calibration Screen

[HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION C,D]
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STEP 11 Shut the transmitter off and return the Reflected Power Directional
Coupler back to its normal position.
STEP 12 Press [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION B,D,C,D]. This takes
you to the Foldback Set screen. Set the VSWR FOLDBACK to 1.35
and press [BACK] to save the setting.
STEP 13 Turn the transmitter back on and press the RAISE button on the front
panel until you have 100% or nominal station TPO.
STEP 14 It is recommended that the following Cal Value be noted for future
reference since it may have changed from the reading in the factory
test data:
• REFLECT FACTOR from Figure 5-7 on page 5-14.
Reflected power calibration is now complete.
5.13 PC Board Replacement Procedures
! WARNING:
BE SURE TO USE AN ANTI-STATIC WRIST STRAP WHEN HANDLING PC
BOARDS OR IC’S TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE COMPONENTS.
5.13.1 Replacement of the Life Support Board

If the Life Support Board is replaced, the following procedure should be performed.
STEP 1 Turn off the transmitter and remove all power at the wall breaker.
STEP 2 Remove the two screws holding the controller assembly in place and
slide it out. It will come almost all of the way out before catching
and will then drop down in the front to about a 30 degree angle.
Then remove bracket across the boards.
STEP 3 Set all jumpers on the new Life Support Board to the same locations as
the board to be replaced. There are only 3 jumpers on the Life Support
Board. JP1 and JP2 select the main and alternate exciter mute as
active HIGH or LOW. Table 2-2 on page 2-30 shows the proper
settings for a Harris exciter. JP3 should be set from pins 1-2 for a Z5.
STEP 4 Be careful to mark and note where all cables connect to the defective
Life Support Board before removing. External Interlock and Failsafe
could also be connected to this board at J4.
5-16 888-2408-002
STEP 5 Install the new Life Support Board, and reconnect all wires and
cables. Be very careful not to bend the PC board when installing any
wires into the Wago block on the rear of the card. The card should be
supported from the back side due to the pressure required to open the
Terminals.
STEP 6 Turn on the AC at the wall breaker but do not turn the transmitter on
yet. Make sure CB1, the circuit breaker in the rear of the transmitter
is also turned on.
STEP 7 Setting the +5V REF - with a digital voltmeter, check TP4, the +5V
REF(reference). The voltage should be 5.00V, +/- 0.01V. If not,
adjust R28 to make it so.
STEP 8 IPA Current Fault Adjustment - this adjustment only affects
operation in Life Support Mode. Adjust R23 on the Life Support
Board for 2.9Vdc at U3-7. This is sets the fault threshold to 10.0
amps of IPA current.
STEP 9 RFL PWR Overload Adjust - this adjustment only affects operation
in Life Support Mode. Adjust R24 on the Life Support Board for
2.1Vdc at U3-5. This sets the fault threshold to 150 Watts of
reflected power when Life Support Mode is active.
STEP 10 Set R127 Maximum CW. This sets power output at a minimum.
STEP 11 Set R128 Maximum CCW. This reduces the sensitivity of the VSWR
circuit.
STEP 12 Set R25 Maximum CCW.
! WARNING:
TURNING R128 MAXIMUM CCW DEFEATS THE VSWR PROTECTION. THE
REFLECTED POWER CALIBRATION SHOULD THEREFORE BE DONE FIRST TO
PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE TRANSMITTER (TRANSMITTER POWER IS ONLY
RAISED TO 150 WATTS FOR THE REFLECTED POWER CALIBRATION).
STEP 13 Power Calibration - complete the Reflected Power Calibration and

then the Forward Power Calibration procedures located earlier in
this section then return here to finish replacement of the Life Support
Board.
STEP 14 Set switch S1-9 on the Master Controller to the ON position to place
the transmitter in Life Support Mode (the fan will switch to high
speed). Adjust R25, Manual PWR Reference on the Life Support
Board for 1.25kW on the external meter. Switch S1-9 to OFF and the
transmitter should return to your normal TPO. It may be necessary to
raise or lower power slightly.
888-2408-002 5-17
5.13.2 Replacing the Power Supply Controller Board

Replacement of a PS Controller Board requires no analog adjustments. Set all dip
switches and jumpers to the same position as the board being replaced. If the new
board does not have the firmware IC’s already installed, then the firmware will have
to be transferred from the old board. Refer to "5.15 Removing/Replacing Firmware
ICs" on page 5-24.
The following is a listing of the normal dipswitch and jumper settings:
a. For PSC #1 - All switches OFF

b. For PSC #2 - S1-1 ON, all other switches OFF (PSC #2 is optional in a Z5)
c. JP1 pins 1-2
d. JP2 pins 1-2
5.13.3 Replacing a PA Controller Board
Replacement of a PA Controller Board requires no analog adjustments. Set all dip
switches and jumpers to the same position as the board being replaced. If the new
board does not have the firmware IC’s already installed, then the firmware will have
to be transferred from the old board. Refer to “Removing/Replacing Firmware IC’s”
later in this section. The following is a listing of the normal dipswitch settings for
S1 on each PA Controller:
a. For PAC #1 - All S1 switches OFF.

b. For PAC #2 - S1-1 = ON, all other switches OFF.
NOTE:
The switches set the board ID #. Once the ID for the board has been set, it
must be placed in the proper slot and the correct cables connected to that #
controller. An improper ID or incorrect cabling will generate cable or jumper
faults in the Fault Log and the transmitter will not turn on.
5-18 888-2408-002
5.13.4 Replacing the Master Controller Board

In the unlikely event that the Master Controller Board needs to be replaced, there
are two possible scenarios:
a. Replacement using EEPROM U39 from the old board. This procedure should
be tried first.
b. Replacement when using a New EEPROM U39.
In either case, the Firmware IC’s U18 and U28 will have to be transferred from the
old board or be replaced with new. EEPROM U39 contains all of the configuration
and calibration settings for the transmitter including configuration, software
calibration settings, power levels and fault limits etc.
5.13.4.1 Replacement Using EEPROM U39 From Old Board

If the Master Controller needs to be replaced, but EEPROM U39 can be swapped
from the old board, then proceed as follows:
STEP 1 Shut the transmitter off and remove AC power from the transmitter.
STEP 2 Remove the defective Master Controller Board.
STEP 3 Carefully remove U39 from the new Master Controller Board and
replace with the EEPROM from the defective Master.
STEP 4 To transfer the Firmware IC’s from the old board to the new one or to
simply install new firmware refer to "5.15 Removing/Replacing
Firmware ICs" on page 5-24, then return here.
STEP 5 Set all dip switches on the new board according to the list below.
Typical settings are:
• S1-1 thru S1-4 - Customer set RS232 ID
• S1-5 ON for U39 model 25040 and Firmware part # 917-2435-203,
revision “AA” or later Master Controller code (S1-5 set to OFF
for use with U39 model 25C04 and any part number firmware).
• S1-6 thru S1-8 OFF (Factory use only)
• S1-9 OFF (ON = Microcontroller RESET)
• S1-10 ON (APC ON)
STEP 6 Install the new Master Controller Board and apply AC power to the
transmitter. It is a good idea to verify the transmitter configuration
settings in the Diagnostics Display.
NOTE:
To verify the most important configuration parameters, follow the steps listed
under "5.14.1 Configuration" on page 5-22, before continuing.
888-2408-002 5-19
STEP 7 Turn the transmitter on and check the calibration. If the transmitter
calibration and configuration seem to be okay, then this procedure is
finished. If it is still not working, U39 will have to be replaced using
the following procedure “Replacing EEPROM U39”.
5.13.5 Replacing EEPROM U39

If it is necessary to replace EEPROM U39, with the old Master Controller or with a
new Master Controller, the "5.14 System Configuration and Calibration" on page 5-
22 procedure will have to be performed. However, since a new EEPROM is being
installed a few preliminary steps will have to be done first:
! WARNING:
STEP 1 Shut the transmitter off and remove AC power from the transmitter.
STEP 2 Remove the Master Controller Board. If only the EEPROM U39 is
being replaced then exchange U39 with the new one, re-install the
Master Controller Board and skip to STEP 6. If the Master
Controller Board is also being replaced then proceed with STEP 3.
STEP 3 Install the new U39 in the new Master Controller Board.
STEP 4 To transfer the Firmware ICs from the old board to the new one or to
simply install new firmware refer to "5.15 Removing/Replacing
Firmware ICs" on page 5-24, then return here.
STEP 5 Set all dip switches on the new board according to the list below and
install the Master Controller Board. Typical settings are:
• S1-1 thru S1-4 - Customer set RS232 ID
• S1-5 ON for U39 model 25040 and Firmware part # 917-2435-203,
revision “AA” or later Master Controller code (S1-5 set to OFF
for use with U39 model 25C04 and any part number firmware).
• S1-6 thru S1-8 OFF (Factory use only)
• S1-9 OFF (ON = Microcontroller RESET)
• S1-10 ON (APC ON)
STEP 6 Turn on the Low Voltage breaker in the rear of the transmitter. If the
EEPROM is blank, the Fault Log will register EEPROM_DEF
which means it loaded the default settings for the EEPROM (shown
in Table 5-1). Reset the fault Log.
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STEP 7 All of the parameters in Table 5-1 are editable from the Diagnostics
Display and should be set to the values listed on the Factory test
Data sheet not necessarily the default values listed. If the Factory
Test Data is not available or you are not sure that the values in the
Factory Test Data are still valid then verify, and where necessary,
change the values to those listed in Table 5-1. (To edit any of these
screens, press and hold [D] and then press [C]. The edit controls
should appear on the screen).
STEP 8 Press the HIGH ON button and then quickly press and hold the
LOWER button for 10 seconds. This will turn the transmitter on at
zero power output.
STEP 9 Proceed to "5.14 System Configuration and Calibration" on page 5-
22.
Table 5-1 EEPROM U39 Parameter Checklist
Platinum Z5
Parameter Default Settings
Forward Factor 0.007697 (see Figure 5-3)
Reflect Factor 0.000306 (see Figure 5-7)
IPA Factor 200
Exciter Factor 200
CAL Frequency Set to your frequency
(Default = 98MHz)
Operating Frequency Set to your frequency
(Default = 98MHz)
Cal APC Factor 07.58 (see Figure 5-4)
100% TPO Set 5.00kW
Max High Set 6.00kW
Max Low Set 2.50kW
UPS Setting 2.50kW
Low Power Alarm 4.50kW
VSWR Foldback 1.35
VSWR Fault 1.50
NOTE: Set to Factory Test Data numbers if available
888-2408-002 5-21
5.14 System Configuration and Calibration

System configuration and calibration is mainly for setting the transmitter up for the
first time by factory personnel. The procedures contained here should NOT be done
as part of a routine maintenance or adjustment schedule. The following procedure
should only be done if EEPROM U39 on the Master Controller Board is bad or
suspect (EEPROM U39 is the memory chip which contains all of the Backup and
Customer configuration and calibration settings). Replacement of the Master
Controller Board can be accomplished by swapping U39 from the old board to the
new one. See "5.13.4 Replacing the Master Controller Board" on page 5-19. The
procedure will be broken up into two sections:
a. Configuration
b. Calibration
5.14.1 Configuration
The transmitter should be turned off, but with AC power applied from the wall
breaker. The REMOTE DISABLED LED should be lit on the front panel of the
transmitter. For the following setup refer to the Diagnostics Display Menu Tree for
more details of how to get to System Calibration and Setup screens referred to
below.
NOTE:
For the following procedures do not press [HOME] or [BACK] unless specif-
ically told to do so.
STEP 1 Press [HOME, MORE, CONFIGURATION A] From here the

following System choices need to be made:
a. ALTERNATE EXCITER - Yes or No (“Yes” if there is an second
alternate Exciter in the transmitter).
b. INTLK LOG - ON or OFF (ON if you want interlock faults to be
entered into the Diagnostics Display Fault Log, OFF if you do
not want the interlock faults entered into the Fault Log). Com-
bined transmitters should be set to OFF, while single transmitter
installations should be set to ON. This can be changed later if so
desired.
c. PSC Number - Number of Power Supply Controllers - 1 or 2.
This is normally 1 for a Z5.
STEP 2 Press [MORE] and then continue below.
a. AC PHASE - Select “1" phase or ”3" phase to match your trans-
mitter power supply configuration.
5-22 888-2408-002
b. UPS/EXCITER - This is the configurable remote input at TB1-9.

Set for UPS if the low power UPS mode is to be used, or to EXC
if it is going to be used for remote exciter select.
c. FAN SPEED - This should be set to AUTO, otherwise the fan
will stay on HIGH speed all the time.
STEP 3 Press [MORE] and then continue below.
a. AUTO MAX EFF - Should be set to ON for normal operation.
This allows the transmitter to automatically optimize its effi-
ciency every 12 hours as long as there are no faults. Can be set to
OFF if this function is not desired. Manual optimization is still
possible in either case.
STEP 4 Press [BACK] then press [B] POWER SET and setup the following
screens:
a. 100% TPO SET. In this screen you will set the power in kW
which is to be displayed as 100% on the FWD PWR meter.
(Default is 05.00KW).
b. MAX HIGH SET. This screen will let you set the upper limit the
transmitter will be allowed to go to in the High Mode of opera-
tion. (120% TPO or 06.00KW is the MAX setting).
c. MAX LOW SET. This screen will let you set the upper limit the
transmitter will be allowed to go to in the Low Mode operation.
(Default is 50% TPO or 2.50KW). When finished press [BACK]
to update.
d. Press [D,A], UPS SET. This screen will let you set the power
output the transmitter will go to in the UPS Mode. (Default is
1KW). When finished press [BACK] to update.
e. Press [B], Low Power Alarm. This screen lets you set the power
level at which the remote low power alarm is triggered. The
default for the low power alarm is 4.50kW. When finished press
[BACK] to update.
STEP 5 Press [BACK, D] to go to the FREQUENCY CAL screen and enter
the transmitter operating frequency. If the transmitter is to be used in
an N + 1 operation then just set to 98.1 MHz. Press [BACK] to
update the information.
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5.14.2 Calibration
To finish replacing the Master Controller EEPROM U39 a complete calibration is
required. To calibrate the transmitter refer to the following procedures in this order:
• "5.12 Reflected Power Calibration" on page 5-14, then

• "5.11 Forward Power Calibration" on page 5-11
! WARNING:
REFLECTED POWER CALIBRATION SHOULD BE COMPLETED FIRST TO PRO-
VIDE VSWR PROTECTION DURING THE FORWARD POWER CALIBRATION
PROCEDURE. THIS REQUIRES THE USE OF AN EXTERNAL WATT METER
CAPABLE OF READING 150 WATTS.
5.15 Removing/Replacing Firmware ICs

Each of the controller boards, with the exception of the Life Support Board, have 2
Firmware IC’s which contain the software for the microcontrollers. It is possible
that these may need to be replaced as part of a firmware upgrade, or they may need
to be transferred from a defective controller board to a new one. Each of these IC’s
has a printed label on top which gives:
a. The part number of the software.

b. The revision number for the software.
c. A U## component designator to locate the correct socket on the board. The
following is a list of the component designators for each of the Firmware
IC’s:
1. Master Controller - U18 and U28
2. PA Controllers - U23 and U30
3. PS Controller - U5 and U8
! WARNING:
5-24 888-2408-002
Firmware IC removal:
• Shut off the Low Voltage breaker in the back of the transmitter.
• Pull out the controller and remove the pc board hold-down bracket.
• It will be necessary to remove the appropriate PC board and place it on an anti-
static work surface (a large anti-static bag works well if an anti-static mat is not
available). PA and PS controllers have cables attached at the rear of the card
which need to be noted and then removed.
• Note that the PA Controllers 1 and 2 have an ID setting which means they must
be placed back in the same slot from which they were removed.
• Before removal, notice that the IC has one corner which is beveled and the IC
socket has a pointer etched in the top which is pointing to the beveled corner. See
Figure 5-10.
• The manufacturers do make a special extraction tool for these type of IC’s but it
has been found that a sharp meter lead or ice pick actually works better for
extracting them. Place the sharp tool point into one of the slots at the corners of
the IC pry it up just a little. Then move to the opposite corner and pry it up a little.
Work back and forth from one corner to the other until the IC comes out.
• If the IC is going to be re-installed and you need to set it down, make sure it is
placed on an anti-static mat or in an anti-static bag.
Firmware IC Installation:
• To install the firmware IC’s, you first need to match the U## component designa-
tor printed on the IC label with the proper socket on the board (the socket has a
label printed on the board). For example U18 and U28 are for the Master Control-
ler and must be placed in the correct socket.
• To install the IC, simply place the chip over the socket with the beveled edge ori-
ented correctly and press it in with your thumb. Be sure to press evenly across the
top of the IC.
Figure 5-10 Top View of Firmware IC Socket

888-2408-002 5-25
Table 5-2 Z5 Minimum Recommended Transmitter Log Readings
5-26 888-2408-002
Troubleshooting
6.1 Introduction
In order to assist in the troubleshooting of the Platinum Z5 transmitter this section
will concentrate in the following areas:
• Using the Diagnostics Display System, concentrating on the Fault Log.

• Defining all of the transmitter fault indications, their origin, and their effect on
the transmitter.
In the technicians favor is the fact that the Platinum Z5 transmitter has relatively
few individual parts due to the modular design. The basic philosophy behind the
design is to allow exchange of and/or replacement of relatively inexpensive
modular components when a failure does occur, rather than troubleshooting down to
the component level. This is not to say that component level troubleshooting is not
an option. But due to the complexity of the circuitry and the use of surface mount
components, especially in the controller boards, (which are multi-layer boards as
well), troubleshooting and field replacement can be very difficult. It is relatively
easy to damage these boards with improper equipment and soldering techniques due
to the size of the components, traces and soldering pads.
There are only 6 analog adjustments in the transmitter and control system, with
most of them being factory, one-time, adjustments. This all but eliminates mis-
adjustment as a cause of failure. The controller itself is also modular, using at least 5
separate boards, with its own self diagnostics for communications between the
microprocessors and read/write tests for the on board memory. There is also the
redundancy factor provided by the Life Support Board, which will operate the
transmitter at a reduced power level if the Master Controller fails.
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Troubleshooting
6.2 Power Amplifier Repair

Field replacement of the MOSFETs on the PAs should NOT be attempted. To repair
a PA requires an extensive amount of test equipment and expertise due to the tight
tolerances allowed for calibration of the test equipment setup and especially for
phase and gain of the PA.
As an additional consideration, please observe the following warning from the

MOSFET manufacturer regarding beryllium oxide.
! WARNING:
PRODUCT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY-TOXIC MATERIALS THIS PRODUCT
CONTAINS BERYLLIUM OXIDE. THE PRODUCT IS ENTIRELY SAFE PROVIDED
THAT THE BEO DISC IS NOT DAMAGED. ALL PERSONS WHO HANDLE, USE OR
DISPOSE OF THIS PRODUCT SHOULD BE AWARE OF ITS NATURE AND OF
THE NECESSARY SAFETY PRECAUTIONS. AFTER USE, DISPOSE OF AS
CHEMICAL OR SPECIAL WASTE ACCORDING TO THE REGULATIONS APPLY-
ING AT THE LOCATION OF THE USER. IT MUST NEVER BE THROWN OUT WITH
THE GENERAL OR DOMESTIC WASTE.
Defective PAs should be exchanged by contacting the Harris, Service Parts

Department (available 24 hours a day 7 days a week).
6.2.1 Transmitter Power vs. Module Failures

Table 6-1 lists the typical best case and worst case power levels for the Z5
transmitter due to loss of PAs, removal of PA Modules (2 PAs) or the loss of a PA
controller or Power supply. These power levels are due to either calculated or actual
foldback conditions and may vary quite a bit due to individual operating conditions.
NOTE:
These are typical power levels operating into a dummy load with minimal
VSWR and low ambient temperature. These power levels are not guaranteed
and are given merely as an approximate guideline to aid in troubleshooting.
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Troubleshooting
Table 6-1 Transmitter Power vs. Failure Modes
Platinum Z5
Best Case Power Out Worst Case Power Out
1 PA Failed 100% 100%
2 PA Failed 100% 75%
1 Module Removed 95% 95%
2 Modules Removed 75% 40%
*1 Power Supply Failed 20% 20%
*1 PA Controller Failed 20% 20%
*Loss of a PA Controller or Power Supply represents an equivalent loss of 8
of the 16 PAs.
6.2.2 Multiple PA Failures in a Foursome

If 2 PAs were to fail in a single group of four or Foursome, the resulting system
imbalance would result in a power foldback to one of the Worst Case conditions as
stated in the table above. Since a single PA failure in a foursome does not create a
severe imbalance, one of the PA modules with a bad PA should be taken out, turned
over and re-inserted, placing the bad PA in a different foursome until there is
sufficient time to replace the failed PA. For example, if PA amplifiers B1 and B2
have failed, pull out the A2/B2 PA module, turn it over and plug it back in so that
the bad PA is in position A2 instead of B2. There are still 2 failed PAs, B1 and A2,
but now each one is in a different foursome. This will restore balance to the system
and the transmitter will still be able to operate at near full power output by
automatically increasing the drive to the remaining PAs (via the APC voltage). For
more information on Foursomes refer to Section IV, Overall System Theory, under
the heading “8-Way Combiner”.
For quick reference, the foursome groupings are as follows:
See Figure 4-5 and Figure 4-6 on page 4-12.
• A1, A2, A3 and A4 - Front, Z-Plane A

• B1, B2, B3 and B4 - Front, Z-Plane B
• A5, A6, A7 and A8 - Rear, Z-Plane A
• B5, B6, B7 and B8 - Rear, Z-Plane B
888-2408-002 6-3
Troubleshooting
6.3 Software Revision

Each of the controller boards contains its own software (actually firmware) and
therefore each controller has its own software revision number or letter. It is
possible to get the revision numbers from the Diagnostics Display Menu labeled,
“SOFTWARE REV.” To check the software revisions press [MORE SOFTWARE
REV]. This will bring up the screen shown in Figure 6-1. The Firmware part
number is printed on a label attached to the ICs on the individual controller boards.
Before calling Harris Technical Support personnel it is a good idea to get the
software part number and revisions for each of the controller boards.
Figure 6-1 Software Revision Screen
6.4 System Reset - TX_RESTART

Pressing the ON (LOW or HIGH) button on the transmitter will issue the
TX_RESTART command and try to return the transmitter to normal operation after
any fault has occurred. Note that this will not reset, or erase any of the faults stored
in the Fault Log in the Diagnostics Menu. Take the example of a failed and switched
out PA. The controller writes to memory the fact that the PA has failed and will not
try to turn it on again. To get the control system to try the PA again simply press the
ON (LOW or HIGH) button. The data concerning the failed PA will be reset and the
controller will try to operate normally, turning the previously defective PA on with
all of the rest of the PAs. Naturally, if it still has a problem it will be switched out
again. However, if the PA is fixed and re-installed, the controller will automatically
activate the PA.
6.4.1 3 Strike Routine

There are 4 faults in the transmitter that will initiate what is called a 3 strike routine.
They are:
• RFL_PWR - VSWR greater than 1.5:1

• ISO_AB_OT - The predicted temperature of the 5kW hybrid reject load is
greater than 130oC.
6-4 888-2408-002
Troubleshooting
• ISO_AZ_OT - The predicted temperature of R9 on the “A” Z-Plane Isolation

• ISO_BZ_OT - The predicted temperature of R9 on the “B” Z-Plane Isolation
• Strike 1 - When any of the above fault conditions is met, the transmitter output is
muted (DAC_APC_REF is brought to zero) for 3 seconds (6 seconds for trans-
mitters with a Single Phase power supply). At the end of the 3 (or 6) seconds the
transmitter power is slowly ramped back up and a 10 second timer is started.
• Strike 2 - If another fault is detected before the 10 seconds is up, the transmitter
will again mute for 3 (or 6) seconds, start the 10 second timer again and slowly
ramp the power up again.
• Strike 3 - A third fault detected within this 10 seconds will cause the transmitter
to be muted until the operator gives the transmitter an ON command (High or
Low), locally or by remote. If the cause of the fault is still present, the transmitter
will simply repeat the 3 strikes and mute again.
NOTE:
If no faults occur during either of the 10 second time periods, then the strike
counter is reset and will allow 3 more strikes before muting the transmitter.
The slow ramp up in power after a strike should allow the foldback controls to limit
the transmitter power output before the fault thresholds are reached again.The slow
power ramps are designed to allow the transmitter to operate at the maximum
possible power level without over-dissipating the isolation resistors or exposing the
transmitter to excessive reflected power. This would mean that there would be a
fault in the log but it would be inactive and the transmitter would be in a foldback
condition.
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Troubleshooting
6.5 Diagnostics Display Menu Tree

The most important documentation concerning the Diagnostics Display is the
“Diagnostics Display Menu Tree” located in the schematic drawing package. This
shows the complete Diagnostics Display menu structure. The menus flow from the
Main Menu at the left (on each sheet) up to 6 layers deep to the right. Due to the
number of menu screens, the drawing is divided by main menu items into 3
drawings.
• Page 1 is Status
• Page 2 is Metering and Faults
• Page 3 is Configuration, Test and Software Revision.
It greatly simplifies the display by letting you see the entire tree with all of the
screens, guiding you to the screen you want. The only thing missing is the 6 control
buttons, HOME and BACK on the left side of the display and ABCD to the right. To
avoid confusion, every line from one screen to the next is labelled A, B, C or D
where it leaves a screen, to correspond with the keypress required on the actual
display. The function and use of the buttons is very straight forward. However, an
explanation is given in Section III, Operation, for these and all other front panel
transmitter controls.
6.6 Fault Log

The Fault Log is in the “FAULT” menu of the Diagnostics Display. To access the
Fault Log press [Fault, D]. This should bring up the screen shown in Figure 6-2.
This screen shows the latest of a possible 32 faults (the maximum number of faults
which can be stored in the log) as designated by “LOG No. 1 : N”, where N would
be the total number of faults present. “Type” gives the name of the fault. “Time”
gives the elapsed time since the fault occurred, not the actual time at which it
occurred. “Status” tells you whether the fault is active or non-active. Pressing A or
PREV (Previous), will take you to the next fault in the log.
Figure 6-2 Fault Log
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Troubleshooting
6.6.1 Front Panel Fault LED

When a fault is detected the Fault LED on the front panel of the controller will
illuminate a steady red as long as there is an active fault. If there are faults in the
log, but none are active, the Fault LED will flash to alert the technician to check the
Fault Log.
6.6.2 Fault Reset

Press [HOME, FAULT C]. This screen, shown in Figure 6-3, allows access to the
Fault Reset. Note the warning asking if you really want to erase the faults in the log,
just in case this screen was reached by accident. Pressing YES [D] will erase any of
the faults in the Fault Log which are inactive (an active fault cannot be erased).
Pressing NO [C] will simply take you back to the previous MENU without erasing
the fault log.
Figure 6-3 Fault Reset Screen
6.6.3 Abbreviations Used In Fault Reporting

The following is a listing of abbreviations used in the Fault Log.
• AMB - Ambient
• INTLK - Interlock
• RFL - Reflected
• FLT - Fault
• REF - Reference Voltage
• CPLR - Directional Coupler
• NC - Not Connected
• IPA_AB - IPA for Z-Planes A&B
• OT - Over-Temperature
• OC - Over-Current
• UC - Under-Current
888-2408-002 6-7
Troubleshooting
• PAC - Power Amplifier Controller

• COMM - Communications
• XOVER - Crossover Protection: One PA Controller crosses over to protect the
PAs controlled by the other PA Controller, should it become inoperative.
• PSC - Power Supply Controller
• PS# - Power Supply # (PS1 or PS2)
• DSCHG - Discharge
• Start - Soft Start
• HS - Heat Sink
• PHS_LS - Phase Loss
• OV - Over Voltage
• UV - Under Voltage
• TAP# - Power Supply SCR TAP# (TAP1, TAP2, TAP3, or TAP4)
6.6.4 Fault Listing

Table 6-3, Table 6-4, and Table 6-5 provide a quick reference, containing a complete
listing of all of the faults which can show up on the Diagnostics Display Menu,
including their effect on transmitter operation and a brief comment explaining the
fault.
• Table 6-3 on page 6-35 includes faults that are associated with the Master Con-
troller Board (which includes the IPA).
• Table 6-4 on page 6-37 includes faults that are associated with the PA Controller
Boards, PAs and ISO Loads.
• Table 6-5 on page 6-39 includes faults that are associated with the PS Controller
Board and the power supply itself.
These tables are meant as a summary and quick reference point. The rest of this
section will be dedicated to giving detailed information on each of these faults.
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Troubleshooting
6.7 Self Diagnostics

The Z Series transmitter is equipped with a set of TEST menus for testing various
internal systems. To access the TEST menus press [MORE, TEST]. This brings you
to the screen in Figure 6-4. This screen gives you 2 choices:
• SYSTEM TEST
• CONTROL HARDWARE
Figure 6-4 Diagnostic Test Menu
6.7.1 System Test

The purpose of the SYSTEM test is to check the combiner integrity, cabling and
configuration. The length of time required for the SYSTEM test will be indicated on
the display (about 8 minutes). The test will reduce the transmitter power to 40% of
nameplate TPO (2kW) and will be going through a MUTE cycle for each of the 16
PAs. The antenna VSWR must be 1.2:1 or less with no faults present in order to
run the test. If the VSWR is too high the test will be aborted. The abort screen will
read VSWR high, but nothing will be reported in the Fault Log. During the test the
HIGH ON and LOW ON buttons will not work. The test can be started at any time
and any power level above 50%. If a fault is detected during the test it will be
aborted and the fault will be noted in the Fault Log. Also the user can abort the test
at any time by pressing the OFF button or via the test screen on the Diagnostics
Display. The results of the test will be either Aborted, Failed or Passed. If the test
fails, check the Fault Log to find out why.
888-2408-002 6-9
Troubleshooting
To run the SYSTEM test press [MORE TEST C]. This will bring up the screen in
Figure 6-5. Press [D] to run the test or [C] to go back to the previous menu.
Figure 6-5 System Test Screen
NOTE:
Due to operational variables, it is possible to get false indications which place
a fault in the log and abort the test. If the System Test fails, note the fault in
the Fault Log, clear the fault log, and run the test again to verify the problem.
This test should be used as part of a routine maintenance program at least once a
year. It should also be done if major combiner components are removed and/or
replaced, such as a Z-Plane or Isolation Board or if cabling is disconnected and re-
connected to the Z-Planes or Isolation Boards.
The following sequence of tests make up the SYSTEM TEST:
• PA Muting Test
• PA ISO Resistor and Thermistor Test
• PA RF Switch Test
6.7.1.1 PA Muting Test
Each PA will be muted for 1 second, one at a time. The controller then checks the
current draw of each PA, which should be close to zero. If it finds a PA that is
drawing too much current while it is supposed to be muted it will abort the test and
report an A#_MUTE_FLT or B#_MUTE_FLT. For more information refer to PA
MUTE Faults later in this Section.
6.7.1.2 PA_ISO Resistor and Thermistor Test

If the PA Muting Test is passed, the PA_ISO resistors and thermistors will be
checked. The first two tests are actually done at the same time. With the PA muted,
the ISO resistor temperature for that PA should increase within a few seconds. If it
does not the test will be aborted and an A#_ISO_LOW or B#_ISO_LOW will be
reported to the Fault Log. This could indicate one of four main possibilities.
6-10 888-2408-002
Troubleshooting
a. The most likely problem is a defective PA RF Switch on an Isolation Board

(K1-K8). The PA RF switch could simply have bad or open contacts which
would disconnect the resistor from the PA. The PA would operate normally as
long as the system is balanced, but the resistor would not heat up when the PA
is muted. To replace the switches will require removing the associated isola-
tion board from the transmitter. See Table 4-1 on page 4-60, to cross reference
the PA number to the specific Isolation switch. For example; the test aborts
and reports B2_ISO_LOW to the fault log. Follow B2 across Table 4-1 and it
says that the Related RF Switch is K6 and the Related Isolation Resistor is
RT6 on the Isolation Board attached to Z-Plane B.
b. The PA RF switch could be stuck in the energized position. In this position
the ISO resistor is open and does not draw any current. However, if this is the
problem, the PA may be failed since the switch is grounding the its output. A
normal PA current would rule this out.
c. The ISO resistor is open which means it would not draw any current and
would not get hot. These resistors are 50 ohms @ 12W and are located on the
Isolation Boards (RT1-RT8).
d. The thermistor has come loose from the resistor. Each thermistor is attached
to the resistor which a high temp epoxy. If this has come loose the thermistor
would not heat up as it should. With the transmitter on and operating nor-
mally, check the ISO temperature of the PA reported as bad and see if it is
approximately the same as the others on that Z-Plane.
6.7.1.3 PA RF Switch Test
If it passes the previous tests, then the PA RF switches will be energized one at a
time. If it works as it should, the ISO resistor will not rise in temperature within a 2-
20 second window. At the same time the controller is also checking to see how
much the system dropped in output power to make sure the combiner is configured
properly and that the PA was working in the first place. If either part of the test
indicates a problem, it will report an A#_ISO_SW or B#_ISO_SW Fault to the Fault
Log and will abort the test.
888-2408-002 6-11
Troubleshooting
6.7.2 Hardware Test

The other option in Figure 6-4 is to test the hardware. Pressing [D] should bring up
the screen in Figure 6-6. This screen gives 3 more choices:
a. LCD/LED Test - This is a test of all of the LCD segments and LEDs on the
front panel to make sure the overlay indicators are operational. Pressing [B]
will active the test. Press [B] again to shut off the test.
b. EEPROM TEST - This will test EEPROM U39 on the Master Controller (the
only socketed IC on the board). This is where all of the user data and the Fac-
tory Default Settings are stored. This test should only be done if there is a
problem recalling the Factory Default Settings in the Diagnostics Display or
if the Master Controller needs to be replaced. If it fails the test, U39 will have
to be replaced and a complete “System Configuration and Calibration” will
have to be done per the procedure in Section V.
c. Main DAC Test - This test should only be done as a last resort in a case where
the system control appears erratic. To run the test requires an oscilloscope. It
is a test of the main Digital-To-Analog-Converter on the Master Controller
Board. To run the test shut the transmitter off and press [MORE, TEST, D,D].
The display will read “Main DAC test is running.” With the scope probe,
monitor TB1-36 on the Remote Control Terminal strip which is labelled
“SPARE OUT” or on the Master Controller Board at U9-14 or either side of
R47. There should be a 28Hz sinewave at about 4Vp-p. If the sinewave is
present the DAC is working. If not, the Master will have to be replaced per
the procedures in Section V. Pressing BACK shuts off the test.
Figure 6-6 Hardware Testing
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Troubleshooting
6.8 General Troubleshooting Tips

6.8.1 Foldback Conditions
The Master Controller is responsible for transmitter power foldback conditions,
however a foldback condition by itself will not cause a fault to be registered in the
Fault Log. Foldback limits in the transmitter are always set lower than the actual
fault limit. This allows the transmitter to stay on the air at some maximum power
level without shutting off, but since the actual fault level was not reached, no fault
will be logged. If the cause of the foldback goes away the transmitter will return to
full power and no indication of a problem will be evident.
If the front panel FOLDBACK LED is illuminated it is possible to check the

SYSTEM FOLDBACK screen in the Diagnostics Display under [HOME, STATUS
A,B]. This screen shows that there are 3 possible foldback conditions:
• VSWR FOLDBACK YES or NO

• SYSTEM ISO TEMP YES or NO
• IPA FOLDBACK YES or NO
These screens can be extremely helpful in determining where to start looking for the
source of the fault. This screen will only show a YES status if the front panel
FOLDBACK LED is illuminated.
6.8.2 Turning the Transmitter ON with No Power Output

There are times when it is advantageous to be able to turn the transmitter on with the
rf power output at zero watts. This would allow the power to be slowly ramped up
for monitoring of temperatures, currents, voltages and VSWR without over-loading
and tripping the faults circuits. To do this, press the HIGH or LOW ON button and
then quickly press and hold the LOWER button for at least 10 seconds. The
transmitter wil come on but the output power will be at zero.
6.8.3 Asterisk and Pound Signs(*, #)

The asterisk and the pound sign characters are used in some of the metering menus
of the Diagnostics Display. If an asterisk (*) shows up in a metering menu, it means
that there is no data being received for that reading. The pound sign will only be
used in the Vg (Gate Control Voltage for the individual PAs) menus and signifies
that there has been a crossover (this is a condition where one PA Controller crosses
over and mutes the PAs associated with another PA Controller).
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Troubleshooting
6.9 Master Controller Related Faults

The following is a listing of the faults which are handled by or merey related to the
Master Controller. A quick reference for each of these faults is given in Table 6-3 on
page 6-35.
6.9.1 THERMISTOR, Fault

The Thermistor fault is detected if a thermistor temperature reading is 5° C below
the ambient temperature, provided the ambient temperature is above 25° C. Can be
caused by an actual open thermistor but is more likely an open connection between
the thermistor and the controller board monitoring the thermistor.
This fault protects against a thermistor (temperature sensor) circuit being open. The
thermistors are used on all amplifiers, iso loads, and the power supplies to sense
temperatures and use pull up resistors to +V. As the temperature increases, the
resistance of the thermistor goes down, lowering the voltage on a detector input,
which gives an increased temperature reading. If the thermistor circuit becomes
open, the detector input goes high which gives a cold temperature reading. This
leaves the device to which the thermistor is connected, unprotected from an over-
temperature condition. Once this fault is detected it will stay active in the log until
the Fault Log is reset.
NOTE:
If one of the thermistors or connecting cables is shorted, a temperature fault
for the device it is connected to will be registered in the Fault Log, not a
THERMISTOR fault. A shorted thermistor or cable will give a very hot read-
ing which will not change, about 155° C or higher. If the thermistor for one of
the PA ISO resistors has shorted the fault “PA_ISO_OT” is triggered and the
transmitter will be shut off (see PA_ISO_OT under PA Controller Faults).
Troubleshooting:
a. First, locate the problem thermistor by systematically looking at all of the

temperature readings. One of them will show a # sign instead of a tempera-
ture. The temperatures to look for include:
1. IPA Temps - IPA_AB1 and IPA_AB2. The thermistor is located on the
IPA right next to the FETs.
2. PA Temps for A1-A8 and B1-B8. The thermistor is located on the PA
right next to the FETs.
3. ISO Resistor Temps for A1-A8 and Az / B1-B8 and Bz. These are all
located on the Isolation Boards.
6-14 888-2408-002
Troubleshooting
4. System ISO Temp - ISO_AB. Located on the 3dB hybrid which com-
bines the Z-Planes. Is above the PA Modules under the rectangular
cover. The sense line (BNC coax) comes out the top of the box.
5. Power Supply Temps - PS1 and PS2. These sensors are part of a screw
connector bolted to the top of the power supply heatsink (it is covered
with heat-shrink tubing).
b. Once the problem thermistor is located, shut off the Low voltage supply with
CB1 in the rear of the transmitter. Use an ohmmeter to check the resistance of
the thermistor. It should be from 10K to 50K ohms depending on which ther-
mistor is being checked.
c. If the thermistor is not open, turn the low voltage back on and check to see if
there is voltage across the thermistor. No voltage to the thermistor means an
open between the controller and the thermistor. Trace the connection back to
the controller board. Also, note that in this case the RFI boards have a series
inductor which may have opened.
6.9.2 EEPROM_DEF, EEPROM U39 Default Load
This fault means that when the controller loaded the transmitter settings from the
EEPROM U39 on the Master Controller, one or more of the values was considered
to be invalid or out of tolerance and was replaced with a Default value from the
firmware prom. This fault is an indication that the EEPROM U39 should be
replaced. (Refer to Section V, Maintenance and Alignments, for the replacement
procedure). The only time this fault should occur is when a new EEPROM U39 is
being installed. In this case it is random data and all defaults will be loaded
automatically. However, after the first default load it should never happen again.
6.9.3 REF_WARNING, +5V Reference Warning

This is simply a warning that the +5Vdc reference voltage, used for system
software calibration, is less than 4.75Vdc. No transmitter action is taken other than
to report the fault in the fault log and light the Fault LED on the front panel. The
+5V Ref can be checked at TP4 on the Life Support Board where it originates. It is
adjusted with R28 also on the Life Support Board for +5.0Vdc.
6.9.4 MSTR_REF, +5V Reference Fault

This fault means that the +5V reference voltage, which comes from the Life Support
Board and is common to all of the controller boards, is less than 4.6V. This voltage
is used as the reference for all system calibration. A change in this voltage would
cause major errors in system calibration and overload settings and is therefore a
critical fault. The transmitter will be shut off. The +5V Ref can be checked at TP4
on the Life Support Board and adjusted with R28 also on the Life Support Board.
888-2408-002 6-15
Troubleshooting
If a PAC_REF fault appears along with the MSTR_REF fault, then the +5V
reference is most likely the problem. If only the MSTR_REF fault is present then
the Master Controller or a connection between the Life Support Board and the
Master Controller should be suspected. The +5V REF can also be checked at TP19
on the Master Controller Board. Note that CR11 will supply +5Vdc to TP19 if the
actual +5V REF has failed, but with the diode drop it will be less than 4.6Vdc and
adjusting R28 on the Life Support Board will have no effect.
6.9.5 RFL_PWR, Reflected Power Fault

This fault is activated when the VSWR overload trip point is exceeded. This fault
will only show up if there is a large and quick change in the transmitter load
impedance or if the VSWR foldback setting is too close to the overload setting. The
VSWR overload should be set at 1.5:1 with the VSWR foldback setting normally at
1.35:1. A gradual change in impedance should be caught by the VSWR foldback
threshold and the RFL_PWR fault will not occur, although the transmitter may be
operating at a reduced power. If the 1.5:1 VSWR overload threshold is exceeded,
the transmitter will mute and then very slowly ramp the power up until back at full
power or until the foldback threshold of 1.35:1 is exceeded. The controller will now
try to keep the transmitter at its maximum power level while staying below the
foldback threshold.The Foldback light on the front of the controller will be
illuminated.
The VSWR Fault threshold is set via software in the Diagnostics Display Menu. To
check the VSWR Fault threshold press [CONFIGURATION B,D,C,C]. Caution,
this setting can be changed using the ABCD buttons to the right of the display. To
leave a screen without saving any changes, press [HOME]. The default for this
setting is 1.50:1. The VSWR foldback setting is under [CONFIGURATION B,D]
and should be 1.35:1. For all system calibrations refer to Section V, Maintenance
and Alignment.
It is also possible that a VSWR fault could be caused by a defective forward or
reflected directional coupler or simply from calibration error. An external reflected
power meter should be used to verify if there is really a VSWR problem or if it is an
internal sensor problem. Keep in mind that the reflected reading will be less than
200 watts when the transmitter is in foldback. This would barely be visible on a
5kW scale, but care should be taken to avoid overloading a lower power element.
6.9.6 INTLK, External Interlock Fault

This fault is activated anytime the External Interlock circuit is opened. An External
Interlock fault shuts the transmitter off by disengaging the main AC contactor.
There must be a closed contact between the external interlock connections in order
for the transmitter to operate. This fault also illuminates (not flashing) the Interlock
Fault LED on the controller front panel. See Table 2-1, “TB1 Remote Control
Interface Connections,” on page 28, for more information on External Interlock
Connections.
6-16 888-2408-002
Troubleshooting
6.9.7 FAILSAFE, Interlock Fault

This fault will mute the transmitter output anytime the Failsafe interlock contacts
are opened. There must be a closed contact between the failsafe interlock contacts in
order for the transmitter to operate. This fault also flashes the Interlock Fault LED
on the controller front panel. See Table 2-1, “TB1 Remote Control Interface
Connections,” on page 28, for more information on Failsafe Interlock Connections.
6.9.8 POWER_FAIL, Fault

This fault is activated as a result of an AC power failure. This fault is detected by
monitoring the +20Vdc supply on the Life Support Board (IC U37). If the +20Vdc
supply drops below the power fail threshold (approximately 12V) the
POWER_FAIL signal is sent to the Master Controller telling it to save the time and
ignore certain types of faults which will obviously be present during a power
failure. The transmitter will return to its previous operating condition automatically
when the AC power returns (no operator intervention required).
6.9.9 LOW_AIR, Fault

Nominal air flow for the Z5 is 350 cfm. The aiflow reading should be near 100% at
high fan speed and is typically around 60% for low fan speed. If the airflow is
reduced to 25% or 88 cfm, the LOW_AIR fault is triggered. The fan will be
switched to high speed in an attempt to compensate. However if the airflow is not
increased above 25%, the transmitter will shut off. Also, if the transmitter is already
at high fan speed when this fault occurs, the transmitter will be shut off. The air
flow percentage can be seen on the Diagnostics Display by pressing [METERING,
C,D,B]. Depending on the ambient temperature, one of several temperature faults
could proceed an air flow fault. The most likely cause of this fault is failure of the
blower motor. The motor also has thermal protection which will automatically shut
the motor down.
! CAUTION:
TURN OFF ALL POWER TO THE TRANSMITTER AT THE WALL BREAKER
BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO SERVICE THE BLOWER MOTOR. THE
THERMAL PROTECTION, INTERNAL TO THE MOTOR, IS AUTOMATIC. IT
WILL SHUT THE BLOWER OFF IF THE MOTOR TEMPERATURE GETS
TOO HIGH, BUT IT WILL ALSO AUTOMATICALLY TURN IT BACK ON
AFTER A FEW MINUTES AS THE TEMPERATURE GOES DOWN.
888-2408-002 6-17
Troubleshooting
6.9.10 UPS, Uninterruptable Power Supply Fault

This fault indicates that the transmitter has switched over to the UPS (or generator
possibly). The transmitter power output is now controlled by the UPS Power Level
setting in the Configuration menus of the Diagnostics Display. To check or set the
UPS Power Level press [CONFIGURATION B,D,A]. The default factory setting is
1.00 kW. Use the ABCD keys to set a new UPS power level. Press [BACK] to save
any changes and [HOME] to cancel any changes.
6.9.11 CPLR_NC, Forward Directional Coupler Cable

Not Connected
This fault is active anytime the sample cable from the Forward power directional
coupler to the Life Support Board is disconnected. The fault immediately mutes the
transmitter until the cable is re-connected due to the effect this would have on the
Automatic Power Control (APC) loop.
6.9.12 IPA_AB#_MUTE, Fault

This fault could be for IPA_AB1 or IPA_AB2. Whenever the IPA is muted, the
control system checks the IPA current draw by the IPA amplifier. If the current is
not less than 1 amp, then the system does not have the ability to shut off the IPA and
will mute the system by shutting off the PAs and the exciter.
6.9.13 IPA_AB#_LOW, (Power) Fault

If one of the IPAs should be putting out power, but is not according to the IPA
directional coupler sample (from the IPA Backplane Board), the controller will
switch to the second IPA (provided it has not previously faulted off). The controller
looks to see if the exciter or IPA is muted before reporting this fault.
6.9.14 IPA_AB#_OC, Fault

This IPA Over-Current fault could be for IPA_AB1 or IPA_AB2. The overcurrent
threshold is 14.5 amps. If this IPA current limit is exceeded, the transmitter will
automatically switch over to the second IPA.
6.9.15 IPA_TW, IPA Temperature Warning

If the temperature of an IPA exceeds 85°C the fan will be switched to high speed
and IPA_TW will be registered in the Fault Log. There is a 10°C hysterisis so the
fan will not switch back to low speed until the IPA reaches 75°C or less.
6.9.16 IPA_OT, Fault

If the IPA amplifier temperature exceeds 100°C, as detected by the thermal sensor
on the amplifier, the transmitter will initiate a switch to the other IPA. If one of the
thermistors or its wiring is shorted the temperature indication will be approximately
155°C.
6-18 888-2408-002
Troubleshooting
6.9.17 IPA_AB#_OUT, Fault

This fault indicates that the IPA_AB1 or IPA_AB2 is not physically plugged into the
connector. Each amplifier has 2 edge connections which are slightly shorter than the
others. These are used for interlocking. If the amplifier is not inserted far enough
into the connector, these 2 pins will not make contact and the amplifier will not be
activated. The control system will switch to the other IPA if it is not faulted also.
6.9.18 IPA_LOAD, Fault

To check for bad RF Cables, the Master Controller checks Z-Plane currents for
proper IPA load balance. If a severe imbalance is found, the transmitter is muted.
6.9.19 PSC#_COMM, Fault

This fault means there is a communication failure between the Power Supply
Controller and the Master Controller. No action is taken when this fault is detected
since the PS Controller is designed to operate without the Master Controller. It is
simply used to alert the operator to the fault condition. All power supply meter
readings will be replaced with an asterisk (*).
6.9.20 PAC#_COMM, Fault

This is a communications fault between one of the PA Controllers and the Master
Controller. No action is taken when this fault is detected since the PA Controllers
are designed to operate without the Master Controller. It is simply used to alert the
operator to the fault condition. All PA controller meter readings will be replaced
with an asterisk (*).
6.9.21 AMB_WARNING, Ambient Temperature Warning

If the ambient temperature exceeds 50°C, the controller will switch the fan to high
speed. If the temperature goes down after high fan speed is initiated, the fan will go
back to low speed when the ambient temperature reaches 45°C (the hysterisis
between 50 and 45°C prevents the fan from quickly oscillating between low and
high fan speed).
NOTE:
Amibient temperature is sensed with a thermistor on the IPA Backplane
Board.
6.9.22 AMB_TEMP, Ambient Temperature Fault

There are 2 thresholds associated with this fault, 60 and 65°C. If the temperature
continues to rise at high fan speed, after an Ambient Warning, then at 60°C the
transmitter is muted. If the temperature exceeds 65°C, then the transmitter is shut
off.
888-2408-002 6-19
Troubleshooting
6.9.23 ISO_##_OT, Over-Temperature

There are 3 System Level ISO loads in the Z5 transmitter. These are designated :
• ISO_Az and ISO_Bz - These 2 are the 2.5kW ISO loads located in the middle of
the Isolation Boards. Their component designation is R9 on the Isolation Board
schematic.
• ISO_AB - This one is the ISO (reject) load on the 5kW hybrid which is combin-
ing the outputs of the Z-Planes. It is physically located above the 5kW power
block. The component designation is A2A5R1 on the Overall Wiring Diagram.
All of these loads are monitored for temperature by the Master Controller and both
of the PA controllers simultaneously. The responsibility for system protection
belongs to the Master Controller, with the PA Controllers acting as backup in case
of a Master failure.
6.9.23.1 System ISO Foldback

The Master Controller has a foldback routine it will use to protect these system
components called ISO APC Foldback. ISO APC Foldback uses 2 thresholds,
115°C and 130°C. If one of these 3 loads reaches 130°C the Master Controller will
switch the fan to high speed and start the foldback routine by reducing the APC
voltage at a fixed rate. If the temperature is reduced, the foldback will stop at 115°C.
If the temperature goes below 115°C the foldback will be reversed and the power
will be very slowly increased until the power output is back to normal or until the
load temperature again rises to 115°C at which point the power increase would stop.
If the temperature then rises back up to 130°C the foldback procedure will start all
over. In other words, the Master Controller is going to try and keep the load
temperature between 115°C and 130°C at some maximum power output. It is
important to note that no faults will be reported in the fault log for a foldback, only
the foldback indication while the overtemperature condition is present.
NOTE:
All PA and ISO temperature faults are based on actual thermistor tempera-
tures and/or a predicted value of temperature based on the rate of rise in tem-
perature over a given period of time. Therefore, a resistor temperature which
is predicted to reach 130°C will cause an overload the same as an actual read-
ing. Due to the prediction, it is possible to get over-temperature faults even
though the actual temperature reading is not above the threshold.
6.9.23.2 System ISO Overload (Fault)

If the System ISO APC Foldback routine fails to reduce the temperature of the
offending ISO load and the temperature reaches 145°C, the Master Controller will
mute the IPAs and the exciter and the PA Controllers will mute the PAs. At this
point an ISO_Load fault will be reported in the fault log and the transmitter will
mute momentarily. The possible faults are:
6-20 888-2408-002
Troubleshooting
• ISO_Az or ISO_Bz - These faults will most likely be preceded by PA and

PA_ISO faults which have imbalanced the Z-Plane outputs. PA currents, voltages
and temperatures and PA_ISO load temperatures should be checked as a likely
cause of this problem.
• ISO_AB - This fault will most likely be preceded by PA and PA_ISO faults
which have imbalanced the Z-Plane outputs. PA currents, voltages and tempera-
tures and PA_ISO load temperatures should be checked as a likely cause of this
problem.
Lastly, if the system is muted and the temperature continues to rise to 150°C, the
Master Controller will shut the transmitter off.
6.9.24 EXC#_FAULT, Fault

Indicates there is an exciter malfunction. This is a summary fault including VSWR,
Overtemp, etc.
6.9.25 EXC#_LOW, Fault

If forward power drops to 70% or less of normal exciter RF output an indication is
given.
6.9.26 EXC#_AFC Fault

This is the PLL unlock fault from the DIGIT Exciter or the SuperCiter. It causes no
direct transmitter action, but is merely displayed in the fault log and on the front
panel fault light. Action will not be taken until an exciter low power condition is
detected. The controller will delay 10 seconds to give the exciter time to recover,
then switch to another exciter (if available).
6.10 PA Signal Tracing

Tracing signals from the PA Controller to the PAs can be very confusing. The
problem lies in the fact that the PA Controller Boards and the Z-Planes are generic
except for the ID jumper settings which designate the board for a specific position.
Since the schematics for each of these boards must apply to any position, the
labeling is also generic.
For instance, the PA Controllers have the ability to control and monitor 8 amplifiers.
These lines to and from the amplfiers are labeled PA1-PA8 on the PA Controller
schematic. Since PAC#1 and PAC#2 control and monitor different amplifiers it
would not be possible to put the correct labels on the schematic with respect to
specific amplifier connections. As an example, the gate control voltage to amplifier
A4 comes from PA Controller#2. Tracing the signal from the A4 gate voltage input
back to PA Controller #1 would reveal that it is actually connected to the
PA7_GATE signal on the PA Controller schematic. PAC#1 also has a PA7_GATE
output, but it goes to amplifier B3.
888-2408-002 6-21
Troubleshooting
Table 4-1 on page 4-60 is intended to ease this confusion. For instance, in the
process of troubleshooting a PA problem it is found that amplifier B2 has no gate
control voltage. Tracking this back to its source can be tricky. Table 4-1 gives you
the necessary information to skip steps or at least verify your path.
According to Table 4-1, amplifier B2 is controlled by PAC#2. Following this across

the table, the PAC#2 output labeled PA6_GATE, on the PA Controller schematic, is
the control line for B2. Following this on across, this signal would also pass through
the Divider schematic as PA6 and connect to the combiner connector J6. The last 2
columns give the Isolation Switch # and the Isolation Resistor # associated with the
PA in question. In this case K6 and RT6 are used with amplifier B2. The Isolation
switches and resistors are located on the Isolation Board attached to each Z-Plane.
Also be aware that there could also be a problem on the RFI Filter boards which are
in series with all of the lines between the controllers and the PA components.
6.11 PA Controller Faults

The following paragraphs give a detailed description of all faults associated with the
PA Controller Boards. This mostly deals with the PAs and Isolation resistors. A
quick reference of these faults is given in Table 6-4 on page 6-37.
6.11.1 General PA Troubleshooting

As a general rule, the first step in troubleshooting any PA (or IPA) problem is to
swap the PA or the entire module with another in the transmitter. If the problem
moves with the PA, you have verified that it is the PA and not the slot to which it is
connected. If the problem appears to stay with the particular slot, then more
advanced troubleshooting of the Z-Plane or cabling back to the controller should be
explored. This is where Table 4-1 can save alot of time.
6.11.2 A or B#_OC, PA Over-Current Fault

The PA Current overload threshold for each PA is nominally 14.5 amps, provided
there are no failed PAs. If an individual PA exceeds this current, the PA will be
muted and the Combiner isolation switch will disconnect the associated isolation
resistor from the combiner and apply a ground to the PA output. This optimizes the
combiner for the other PAs until a TX_RESTART is initiated by pressing one of the
ON buttons. This will un-mute the faulty PA. If the current is still too high, the PA
will be switched out again.
However, it should be noted that the Z5 control system is adaptive. With the failure
of one PA, the other 3 PAs in that foursome will have a reduced PA current foldback
level due to the increased combiner mismatch. If a second PA fails, it depends on
where it is located in relation to the first one as to the action the controller will take
when reducing the current foldback limit on the PAs. Basically, this means that with
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Troubleshooting
2 PAs failed, the transmitter could be as high as 97% power or worst case around
84% (possibly less based on individual operating conditions), depending on the
location of the failed PAs. See “Multiple PA Failures in a Foursome ” earlier in this
chapter.
6.11.3 PA Current Foldback

The normal PA Current Foldback threshold is 12.4 amps. This means the PA
Controllers will try to foldback the power of a PA, to keep its current at or below
12.4 amps, by making the PA gate voltage more negative. The PA Foldback current
rating is a moving target depending on the number of working PAs and VSWR. The
PA Current Foldback points can be checked using the Diagnostics Display by
pressing [METERING A,B,D then C or D to check Z Plane A or B].
6.11.4 A or B#_UC, PA Under-Current

PA Under-current is comparing the current readings of the PAs which are common
to each foursome. For example, A1, A2, A3 and A4. All four of these PAs are
plugged into one 4-way combiner. If one of these PAs has a current reading that is
less than 10% of the average current of the other three, the system will be muted for
120mS, the isolation switch for that PA activated (removing the PA from the
combiner), and the mute released on the rest of the PAs. The Master Controller
actually detects this fault since the PA Controller does not have the current readings
on all four PAs in a foursome (each PA Controller only controls 2 PAs on any one
foursome). When a low current fault is detected, the Master sends a command to the
related PA Controller to shut down the PA.
6.11.5 A or B#_MUTE_FLT, PA Mute Fault

Whenever a mute is applied to the PAs, the current draw by each PA is also checked.
If a MUTE is being applied but there is still current flow in a PA, then a
MUTE_FLT will cause the entire transmitter to be MUTED until all currents are
under 1 amp. This is most likely a metering problem. This will show up in the fault
log as an A#_MUTE_FLT or B#_MUTE_FLT (where # is a number from 1-8). Turn
the transmitter off and try turning the PA module over and re-inserting or switching
it with another module to see if it is really the PA or the slot that has the problem.
! CAUTION:
WHEN A MUTE FAULT OCCURS, BE SURE TO SHUT THE TRANSMITTER
OFF BEFORE REMOVING ANY MODULES TO PREVENT ARCING OF THE
PA EDGE CONNECTORS.
888-2408-002 6-23
Troubleshooting
6.11.6 A or B#_OT, PA Over-Temperature

The temperature of each PA is sensed by thermistor, RT1 (located on each
individual amplifier board). If the temperature reaches 100°C, the transmitter will
mute and disconnect the problem PA via the isolation switch. If one of the
thermistors or its wiring is shorted the temperature indication will be 155°C.
6.11.7 A or B#_OUT, PA Out Fault

This is the interlock fault for each PA. Two of the edge connector contacts on each
PA, J1-A and J1-V, are shorter than the others. They will not make contact unless
the PA is fully engaged in the Z Plane connector. If the PA is not inserted, these two
contacts are open and the controller will disconnect the PA from the system and
report the fault in the Fault Log as A#_OUT or B#_OUT (where # is a number from
1-8). This information also shows up in the Diagnostics Display “Status Menus”
under PA Status. To check the status of each PA press [STATUS C, then C or D to
check Z Plane A or B].
6.11.8 A or B#_ISO, PA ISO Temperature Fault

The fault threshold for the PA Isolation load resistors is 150°C. These resistors are
located on the Isolation Boards mounted on each side of the PA. Normally the ISO
resistors have minimal current flow through them and run about 40-100°C. If the
amplifier connected to the ISO resistor has a difference in phasing or amplitude
compared to the other three amplifiers in its foursome, then the resistor will try to
absorb the imbalance, increasing its temperature. The bigger the imbalance the
faster the temperature rises. Each resistor has a thermistor attached to it with a
special epoxy to sense the resistor temperature. When 150°C is exceeded (or
predicted to do so), the fault log will register an A#_ISO or B#_ISO fault (where #
is a number from 1-8), the transmitter will be muted for 120mS, the problem PA will
be switched out and the mute released. This overload is actually a predicted
overload based on the measured temperature rise in the ISO load over a given
amount of time. This means the ISO resistor will not actually get to 150°C before
the system trips, but that the system will switch out the problem PA if that
temperature would have occurred based on the ISO resistor rate of temperature rise.
To monitor the ISO resistor temperatures on the Diagnostics Display by Z-Plane
press [METERING C,C].
NOTE:
The individual PA ISO resistor temperatures can vary quite a bit but are to be
considered okay if they are under ambient temperature + 75°C. For example,
with an ambient temperature of 25°C the PA ISO temperatures are okay if
they are under 100°C (25°C + 75°C).
6-24 888-2408-002
Troubleshooting
6.11.9 PA_ISO_OT
This is a general over-temperature fault which will shut the transmitter off if one of
the PA Isolation resistors in the combiner physically reaches 170°C (no prediction).
This protects against a failure in the combiner system where the Isolation resistor
does not get switched out of circuit. The primary cause would be a failure of the
Isolation Switch associated with the resistor.
However, a shorted thermistor (each PA isolation resistor has one attached to it for
temperature sensing) could also cause this fault since it will give what appears to be
a maximum temperature reading, greater than 170°C.
If this fault is triggered, all of the PA ISO temperatures should be checked. Since the
transmitter was shut off, they all should have cooled down. If one of them is still
extremely hot, above 150°C, then a thermistor (or the line to it) is probably shorted.
If all of the readings have cooled down then it is probably a failure of the RF
Switch. To locate the correct RF Switch and/or ISO Load get the A# or B#_ISO
(there should also be one of these in the Fault Log) fault number and use Table 4-1
to cross reference.
6.11.10 PA_ISO_LOW, Fault

This fault will only show up if there is a problem found with the PA ISO resistor
during the System Test. During the System Test the PAs are muted one at a time.
This should cause the temperature of the ISO resistor to heat up. If it does not, then
the System Test is aborted and this fault is reported in the Fault Log. For more
information refer to “Self Diagnostics” earlier in this section.
6.11.11 PA_ISO_SW, Fault

This fault will only show up if there is a problem found with the PA ISO Switch
during the System Test. During the System Test each PA, and its related ISO
resistor, are switched out one at a time. The ISO resistor for that PA should be
disconnected and therefore should not increase in temperature. If it heats up, then
the switch is not actually disconnecting the PA and ISO resistor. The System Test is
aborted and this fault is reported in the Fault Log. For more information refer to
“Self Diagnostics” earlier in this section.
888-2408-002 6-25
Troubleshooting
6.11.12 Combiner ISO Faults

There are two more ISO faults:
• PAC_ISOAz and PAC_ISOBz (2.5kW combiner ISO Resistors Az and Bz

located on the Isolation Boards). This is a temperature fault which is caused by an
imbalance between the outputs of the two foursomes on the respective Z Plane. If
one of these loads reaches 145°C the PA Controllers will mute all of the PAs. The
system can be reset by pressing an ON button. This fault will only show up if the
Master Controller is not operational or if the ISO APC Foldback routine initiated
by the Master Controller fails to reduce the temperature of the Iso load. The fold-
back description is in the Master Controller Faults under “System ISO Foldback."
• PAC_ISOAB(5kW combiner ISO load on the Hybrid). This is a temperature
fault which is caused by an imbalance between the outputs of Z Planes A and B.
If the temperature of this load reaches 145°C the PA Controllers will mute all of
the PAs. The temperature of these loads is also sensed by the Master Controller.
Therefore this fault should be preceded by a an ISO APC Foldback which will be
initiated by the Master Controller. The PA controllers will protect the system if
the Master Controller is not operational or if the foldback routine fails to reduce
the load temperature. The foldback description is in the Master Controller Faults
under “System ISO Foldback."
6.11.13 PAC#_REF, +5V Reference Fault
This fault means that the +5V reference voltage, which comes from the Life Support
Board and is common to all of the controller boards, is less than 4.6V. This voltage
is used as the reference for all system calibration. A change in this voltage would
cause major errors in system calibration and overload settings and is therefore a
critical fault. If only one of the PA Controllers has this fault, all PAs associated with
that board will be muted and switched out. This fault will show up in the fault log as
PAC1_REF or PAC2_REF.
6.11.14 PAC#_VOLTS, Power Supply Fault

This fault is activated if the supply voltage to the PAs under the control of an
individual PA Controller is under 30Vdc or over 65Vdc. Initiates a 3 strike
sequence. If fault remains, all PAs under that controller (and power supply) will be
muted and switched out. Remember that all 8 PAs controlled by PA Controller 1 are
fed from Power Supply 1 and PA Controller 2 is associated with the same PAs as
Power Supply 2.
NOTE:
A severe AC phase imbalance or complete loss of phase could trigger this
fault. If an AC phase loss fault is logged at approximately the same time, then
this fault should be ignored.
6-26 888-2408-002
Troubleshooting
6.11.15 PAC#_-15V, PA Controller PS Fault

This is a critical fault since the affected PA Controller has basically lost its muting
ability if the -15V is lost. When this fault is detected the affected PA Controller will
request that the other PA Controller mute its PAs (XOVER) and switch them out.
This will cause a major system imbalance and the transmitter power will in most
cases go to approximately 33% of nominal power output.
6.11.16 PAC#_J#, Cable Fault

This fault means that one or more cables is connected to the wrong place or an ID
jumper is set wrong. It prevents wiring the transmitter control cables incorrectly.
There are four cables connected to each PA Controller, at J1, J2, J11 and J12. J1 and
J2 connect to the Isolation Boards, while J11 and J12 connect to the Z Planes. The
PA Controller boards have ID jumpers to select the board as PA Controller 1 or PA
Controller 2. The Z Planes have ID jumpers to select whether they are Z Plane A or
Z Plane B. The Isolation Boards also have ID jumpers to select the Z Plane they are
used with. The ID Jumpers are necessary because the two PA Controllers, the two Z
Planes and the two Isolation Boards are the same. Cabling of these boards is critical
because it determines the control distribution (basically which PAs are controlled by
which PA Controller). The ID’s are checked by the PA Controllers. If the PA
Controller does not see the proper ID, the transmitter will be muted and the fault log
will display one of the following depending on which cable is mis-connected (or
disconnected):
• PAC1_J1 or PAC2_J1
888-2408-002 6-27
Troubleshooting
6.12 Power Supply Controller Faults

The following paragraphs give a detailed description of all faults associated with the
PS Controller Boards. A quick reference of these faults is given in Table 6-5 on
page 6-39.
There are two types of power supply faults:
a. Critical
b. Non-Critical
Critical faults will shut the power supply off, while the non-critical faults give a
fault indication on the front of the controller and are written into the fault log.
6.12.1 General Power Supply Troubleshooting

Since each PS Controller controls 2 supplies, a first line of defense against most
types of power supply faults is to swap the cables (ribbon cables W11 and W12) on
the back of the PS controller board to see if the problem follows the controller or is
actually a power supply problem. If the controller is at fault, the problem will move
to a different supply (each supply has its own ID and will therefore show up as the
same supply no matter what controller port they are connected to). The only other
easy troubleshooting would be to swap out the controller card if a spare is available.
This also requires setting the ID switches on the new PS Controller board to the
same as the one being replaced and possibly moving the firmware from the old
board to the new one. See “Replacing the PS Controller Board” in Section V,
Maintenance and Alignments.
If the transmitter has the dual PS Controller option then the cables can be swapped
between the 2 controller cards (W11 would be attached to PSC #1 and W12 would
be attached to PSC #2 before swapping but this is not critical). If the problem moves
to a different power supply then the controller is bad and should be replaced.
6.12.2 Critical Power Supply Faults

The following is a list of critical Power Supply faults with a brief description and
where the status of these faults can be found in the Diagnostics Display System.
Under Critical Fault conditions the power supply is going to be turned off. The only
way to reset a critical fault is by pressing one of the ON buttons on the front panel,
which will send out a TX_RESTART command to all of the controller boards. The
system will try to re-initialize and come back up to full power. If the faults are still
present, the power supply will simply fault off again.
6-28 888-2408-002
Troubleshooting
NOTE:
Since one power supply controller is able to control up to two power supplies,
one of the power supplies can be turned off, due to a fault, while the other one
continues to operate normally. Due to the distribution of voltage to the PAs,
this will affect all of the PAs associated with one of the PA Controllers.
Therefore the effect is the same as the loss of a PA Controller and the trans-
mitter will have a maximum power output of about 33% of nominal.
6.12.2.1 PS#_START, Soft Start Circuit Fault

This fault is tripped, and the power supply shut off, if the PA voltage does not reach
a minimum of 40 volts within 3 seconds (5 seconds for a single phase supply) of
activating the softstart circuit. This prevents the SCR’s (other than the soft start
SCR’s) from attempting to charge a partially (or perhaps completely) discharged
capacitor which would overload the fuses. The most likely cause would be an open
soft start/Discharge resistor or failed SCRs and/or SCR fuses.
6.12.2.2 PS#_HS_TEMP, Rectifier Heatsink Temperature

There is a thermistor, temperature sensor, mounted on each of the rectifier heat sinks
(on top of the transformer). This fault is triggered if the temperature of the rectifier
heatsink exceeds 100°C. If one of the thermistors or its wiring is shorted the
temperature indication will be about 155°C or higher and will not change. To
monitor the heatsink temperature on the Diagnostics Display press [METERING
C,D,A]. This screen gives the heatsink temperature of each power supply.
6.12.2.3 PS#_DSCHG, Discharge circuit fault

If during the operation of the supply the discharge circuit becomes active, due to a
malfunction, this fault is triggered preventing the supply from discharge and charge
at the same time. During normal operation the voltage at the soft start resistor
(which is also used for discharge) must be very close to 0 Volts. This voltage, called
DISCHARGE SAMPLE, is monitored by comparator U1 on the PS Controller
board and will trigger the fault if the voltage is not low enough. The most likely
cause is a failure of the discharge FETs on the Rectifier Board or an open discharge
resistor.
888-2408-002 6-29
Troubleshooting
6.12.2.4 PS#_PHS_LS, Phase Loss (100-120 Hz ripple)

When Phase Loss is detected the transmitter will mute for 20 seconds and then try to
restart. It will continue to do this until it is successful. For all 3 phase transmitters,
detection is based on the level of 100 to 120 Hz ripple at the output of a DSP band
pass filter (on the PS Controller) operating on the DC input voltage data. The DC
voltage samples are taken from the center taps of the WYE wound secondaries on
each supply (before the filtering). An excessive level of 100 or 120Hz (the
predominant ripple frequency should be 300 or 360Hz) is interpreted as an
indication of a transformer primary fault or line loss. The filter as a whole was
implemented in software via the microcontroller, hence not requiring any further
adjustment. Note that a major voltage imbalance between one or more phases could
also trigger this fault. This fault is not used in the single phase transmitter.
It is also important to note that there could be several other faults show up as a result
of a phase loss:
• PAC#_VOLTS
• IPA_LOW
• EXC#_AFC
These faults are incidental and simply occur due to the timing of when the phase
loss occurs and which components see it first.
6.12.2.5 PSC#+20V, Fault

+20 Volts supply fault. Since this voltage is very important for the operation of the
controller (without it no analog reading can be carried out) it is continuously
monitored by the watchdog IC (MAX 705). If it is below 12 volts the fault is
tripped. Troubleshooting will require tracing the +20Vdc back to the Low Voltage
Supply to find out where it is being lost.
6.12.2.6 PS#_CONFIG, Configuration Fault

The controller is continuously checking the configuration, meaning the number of
supplies connected and their identification numbers (ID), as part of this process a
check of the valid configurations is also carried out, not allowing any power supply
number above 4 or two equal ID numbers. The Supply number is set by jumpers
JP1, JP2 and JP3 on the Rectifier Boards as follows:
Power Supply ID Chart

PS #1 PS #2
JP1 IN OUT
JP2 OUT IN
JP3 OUT OUT
6-30 888-2408-002
Troubleshooting
6.12.2.7 PS#_JUMP
If a power supply tap fails and the next one available is two or more taps away, a
JUMP fault is triggered and the supply will be shut off and discharged. The only
situations where this could happen are:
• If operating in tap 1 and it fails, having previously failed tap 2.

If tap 2 is being used and fails, and tap 1 and tap 3 have failed previously.
If tap 3 is being used and fails, and tap 2 and tap 4 have failed previously.
6.12.3 Non Critical Power Supply Faults

Non-Critical faults provide indications that there is a problem with the power
supply which is not serious enough to take any immediate transmitter action, but
should be corrected as soon as possible.
6.12.3.1 PS#_TAP#, Power Supply Tap Fault

Detection is based on the level of 50/60 Hz ripple at the output of a two stage, DSP
based, band pass filter in the PS Controller. The BPF is looking at the DC input
voltage data from the PA Power Supply (+52Vdc). It is interpreted as an indication
of a transformer secondary fault which could be a fuse or SCR. If one of the taps has
been detected as faulty the next available Tap (lower ones are the first choice and
the next upper one is the second choice) will be connected depending on
availability.
Note that if the power supply chassis is not properly grounded, or is completely
floating, this induces a considerable amount of 50/60Hz in the voltage sample lines
to the controller so as to erroneously trip this type of fault. The fault is logged as
PS1_TAP1 (up to TAP4) or PS2_TAP1 (up to TAP4). This fault is the same for 3
phase and single phase transmitters.
Table 6-2 on page 6-32 shows the SCRs and fuses on each Rectifier Board
associated with each of the taps. Each transformer has an “A” side and a “B” side
Rectifier Board.
Figure 6-7 on page 6-33 is a component locator for the 3 Phase Rectifier assembly.
It is a top view with the Rectifier Boards oriented horizontally instead of vertically.
Figure 6-8 on page 6-34 is a component locator for the Single Phase power supply
Rectifier assembly.
888-2408-002 6-31
Troubleshooting
Table 6-2 Power Supply Tap Troubleshooting Chart
3 Phase Power Supply Single Phase

Rectifier Board "A" Rectifier Board "B" Supply
SCRs Fuses SCRs Fuses SCRs Fuses
TAP 1 Q13 F13 Q4 F4 CR4 F4
48V
Q17 F17 Q8 F8 CR8 F8
Q21 F21 Q12 F12
TAP 2 Q14 F14 Q3 F3 CR3 F3
50V
Q18 F18 Q7 F7 CR7 F7
Q22 F22 Q11 F11
TAP 3 Q15 F15 Q2 F2 CR2 F2
52V
Q19 F19 Q6 F6 CR6 F6
Q23 F23 Q10 F10
TAP 4 Q16 F16 Q1 F1 CR1 F1
54V
Q20 F20 Q5 F5 CR5 F5
Q24 F24 Q9 F9
Soft Start There are no Soft Start SCRs Q34 F4 Q10 F1
Tap on Rectifier Board "A"
Q35 F8 Q11 F2
Q36 F12
All component numbers should be verified with the schematic.
6-32 888-2408-002
Troubleshooting

Component Locator, Top View
888-2408-002 6-33
Troubleshooting

Rectifier Assembly Component Locator, Top View
6-34 888-2408-002
Troubleshooting
Table 6-3 Platinum Z5 Master Controller Related Faults
ABBREVIATION COMMENT ACTION
MSTR_REF +5V reference fault. Indicates +5V Mute XMTR (IPA & Exciter, Power supplies)
reference is < 4.6V
REF_WARNING Indicates +5V Reference is out of Reports fault in Log without shutting down the
tolerance at the Master Controller Board PAs.
with error of more than 0.25V but < 0.4V
RFL_PWR Reflected power has exceeded VSWR Will follow 3 Strike Routine (described in
overload threshold Section 6) Transmitter will mute and try to
slowly ramp power back up to normal.
INTLK External Interlock fault Turn off XMTR, light INTERLOCK LED
FAILSAFE Failsafe fault, AC on and power supply in Mute XMTR, blink INTERLOCK LED
standby mode
POWER_FAIL AC power supply failed, +20V power Mute XMTR & save fault time. Transmitter will
supply on Life Support Board is less than automatically return to operation when power
12V. returns.
LOW_AIR Low air flow fault at 25% (88 cf/m) Low-fan TO high-fan, OR high-fan TO AC off
UPS Logic LOW detected at Remote UPS Transmitter is switched to the UPS Forward
input Power setting
CPLR_NC Forward power Directional coupler cable Mute XMTR. Restart required to restore
is not connected power
IPA_AB1_MUTE IPA_AB1 current still present with Vg < - Mute XMTR (exciter and PAs)
15V
IPA_AB1_LOW IPA_AB1 power is < 30% of calibrated Mute, then switch to other IPA
output with Vg = 0V
output with Vg = 0V
IPA_AB1_OC IPA_AB1 current has exceeded the Mute, then switch to other IPA
14.5A threshold
IPA_AB_TW IPA Temperature Warning, IPA_AB Switch fan to high speed

o
temperature > 85 C
IPA_AB1_OT IPA_AB1 temperature has exceeded Mute, then switch to other IPA
100oC
888-2408-002 6-35
Troubleshooting
Table 6-3 Platinum Z5 Master Controller Related Faults
IPA_AB1_OUT IPA_AB1 is not inserted completely into Switch to IPA_AB2 if it is not faulted
the connector
IPA_AB2_MUTE IPA_AB2 current still present with Vg < - Mute XMTR (exciter and PAs)
15V
output with Vg = 0V
IPA_AB2_OC IPA_AB2 current has exceeded the Mute, then switch to other IPA
14.5A threshold
IPA_AB2_OT IPA_AB2 temperature has exceeded Mute, then switch to other IPA
100oC
Switch to IPA_AB1 if it is not faulted

IPA_AB2_OUT IPA_AB2 is not inserted completely into
the connector
IPA_LOAD Z-Plane currents are checked during Mute XMTR

startup to determine if IPA load is
balanced. Most likely caused by bad rf
cable.
PSC1_COMM Power supply controller 1 has no Indication of fault

communication to Master
PAC1_COMM Communication lost between Master and Request another controller to mute
the PA controller
ISO_AB Reject Load ISO_AB, on the 3dB hybrid, Will follow 3 Strike Routine (described in
is > 145oC Section 6)
EXC1_FAULT The exciter has signaled the transmitter Exciter AFC fault and/or Exciter FAULT are
EXC1_LOW that it has a problem. For more detected by the exciter and are recorded in
EXC2_FAULT information on exciter faults, refer to the the transmitter fault log. No action will be
EXC2_LOW exciter manual. taken until an exciter low power condition is
detected. Controller will then delay 10
seconds before switching to another exciter, if
it is available.
EXC#_AFC Phase Locked Loop not locked 10 Sec to recover, then switch to 2nd Exciter
(if available)
THERMISTOR Protection against a temperature-sensor Indication of fault

circuit open
AMB_WARNING Ambient Temperature Warning > 50o Switch Fan to high speed
degree
AMB_TEMP Ambient temperature critical > 60oC Ambient Temperature > 60oC rf mute, > 65oC
AC OFF
6-36 888-2408-002
Troubleshooting
Table 6-4 Platinum Z5 PA Controller Related Faults
PAC#_REF +5V voltage reference fault (< 4.6V) Mute all PAs for the designated PA Controller
(n = 1 or 2) Transmitter will go to about 20% power and energize all its relays
as long as only one PA Controller was
affected.
PAC#_VOLTS PSn fault, take out its PAs, other Mute all its PAs & energize all its relays
controller’s PAs still operate
PAC#_-15V Without -15V, PACn has lost its ability to Request another controller to mute the PAs
MUTE the PAs under its control. controlled by designated PAC.
A#_OC The designated Power Amplifier has Mute XMTR 120ms, switch out the PA and
B#_OC exceeded 14.5A (where # is a number release the mute on the rest of the amplifiers
from 1-8).
A#_OT The designated Power Amplifier has Mute XMTR 120ms, switch out the PA and
B#_OT o release the mute on the rest of the amplifiers.
exceeded 100 C (where # is a number
from 1-8).
A#_OUT The designated PA is not properly seated Mute XMTR 120ms, switch out the PA and
B#_OUT in the connector. Make sure the module release the mute on the rest of the PAs. Re-
is properly inserted and the thumbscrews inserting the PA into the connector should
on the PA module are engaged (where # clear the fault and re-initialize the PA and the
is a number from 1-8). system.
A#_MUTE_FLT Designated PA cannot be muted. Any Mute XMTR (exciter and PAs)
B#_MUTE_FLT time PAs are muted the system checks to
see if any PA is drawing current. If so,
then the controller does not have the
ability to mute that PA and the mute fault
is activated.
A#_UC Designated Power Amplifier’s current is Mute XMTR 120ms, switch out the PA and
B#_UC less than 10% of the Foursome Ave. release the mute on the other PAs.
current. Could Indicate a failed PA, loss
of rf drive to that PA, a power supply
problem or a control problem.
A#_ISO PA isolation load temperature > 150oC. Mute XMTR 120ms, switch out the PA and
B#_ISO These loads are located on the Isolation release the mute on the rest of the PAs.
Boards connected to each Z-Plane.
888-2408-002 6-37
Troubleshooting
Table 6-4 Platinum Z5 PA Controller Related Faults
PAC#_ISOAZ Designated ISO load Temp > 145oC. Will follow 3 Strike Routine (described in
PAC#_ISOBZ Means ISO_APC foldback has failed to Section 6)
reduce temperature of the load. Fold-
back level is 135 oC.
NOTE: These are the large ceramic
loads in the middle of the Isolation
Boards which are used as the Isolation
resistors for the 2 way combiners on
each Z-Plane. Heating is caused by PA
imbalance.
PAC#_ISOAB Designated ISO load Temp > 145oC. Will follow 3 Strike Routine (described in Sec-
Means ISO_APC foldback has failed to tion 6)
reduce temperature of the load. Fold-
back level is 135 oC.
NOTE: This is the load on the 5kW 3dB
hybrid which is combining the Z-Plane
outputs. Heating is caused by imbalance
between Z-Plane outputs.
PAC#_J11 Configuration or Cabling fault. Check Mute XMTR

cabling and ID jumpers.



6-38 888-2408-002
Troubleshooting
Table 6-5 Platinum Z5 PS Controller Related Faults
PSC# +20V +20V DC supply to PSC failed Shut PS OFF and discharge
PS#_DSCHG Discharge circuit failed which means the Transmitter is shut OFF
PS will not discharge. If discharge
resistor is open, a PS#_START fault will
prevent the transmitter from being turned
on again. The same resistor is used for
both purposes.
PS#_START Not able to soft start. Could be an SCR Shut PS OFF and discharge
problem or open soft start/discharge
resistor (Mounted on top of each
transformer).
PS#_HS_TEMP SCR heat sink temperature overload Shut PS OFF and discharge
PS#_PHS_LS Transformer primary phase loss or Transmitter will Mute for 20 seconds, then try
severe imbalance to turn on again. This will be repeated until
successful.
PS#_CONFIG Power supply #n has cable configuration Mute

fault
PS#_JUMP Upper or lower tap not available once Shut power supply off and discharge
current tap failed
PS#_TAP1 Tap 1 failed. One or more of the Tap1 fault indication. PSC will automatically
secondary SCRs for the 48V tap have switch to Tap2 if it is not faulted. If Tap2 is
failed on the designated Power Supply. faulted, off shut Tx off with PS#_JUMP fault.
failed on the designated Power Supply. faulted off, switch to Tap3. If Tap3 is faulted
off, shut TX off with PS#_JUMP fault.
failed on the designated Power Supply. faulted off, switch to Tap4. If Tap4 is faulted
off, shut TX off with PS#_JUMP fault.
failed on the designated Power Supply. faulted off, shut TX off with PS#_JUMP fault.
PS#_COMM PS Controller not able to communicate Fault indication. No transmitter action taken.
with the Master
NOTE: # is the number of the power supply 1 or 2
888-2408-002 6-39
Troubleshooting
6-40 888-2408-002
Parts List
7.1 Part List Index
888-2408-002 7-1
Parts List
7-2 888-2408-002

Platinum Z5 CD™: FM Transmitter Manual

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Platinum Z5CD™

T.M. No. 888-2408-002 June 9, 2003

Replaceable Parts Service

C 06-09-03 TBD Title page, MRH1/MRH2, and page 2-28.

aware of the dangers inherent in handling potentially hazardous electrical/electronic

Treatment of Electrical Burns

2. Less severe burns - (1st & 2nd degree)

This manual contains the following sections:

• Section 1: Introduction/Specifications, identifies the versions of the product

1.3 General Description

The Z-axis approach arranges the system RF components such as dividers,

1.3.1 Harris DIGIT Digital FM Exciter

1.3.2 Harris SuperCiter Analog Exciter

1.3.3 Redundant Exciters

1.3.4 PA/IPA Modules

1.3.6 Control System

1.3.7 Directional RF Sample Port

1.3.8 Power Supplies

1.3.9 Air System

1.4 Performance Specifications

2.3 Returns and Exchanges

2.4 Air Cooling Requirements

2.5 Z5 Transmitter Installation

The FM Transmitter installation is accomplished in the following order:

2.5.1 Transmitter Placement

2.5.1.1 Removal of Pallet Bolts

2.5.2 Visual Inspection

a. Power Supply Connections

2.5.4 3-Phase Power Supply Installation

2.5.4.1 Power Transformer Tapping

2.5.4.2 Power Supply Connections

Figure 2-1 3-Phase Power Supply Top View

Figure 2-2 DC and Ground Connections for 3-Phase Power Supply

2.5.5 Single Phase Power Supply Installation

2.5.5.1 Power Transformer Tapping

2.5.5.2 Single Phase Power Supply Connections

Figure 2-3 Single Phase Power Supply Top View

2.5.6 Transmitter AC Connections

A customer supplied ac primary power disconnect or means to completely de-

2.5.6.1 Information concerning some 360 to 416 volt systems

However, in a system which has no direct connection to earth ground, each AC

2.5.6.2 AC Input Connection

For 380VAC (342 - 432VAC) 3 Phase 4-wire

A good ground system should include perimeter grounding of the transmitter

2.5.6.4 Low Voltage Power Supply and Blower

2.5.6.5 Exciter AC Voltage Selection

2.5.7 RF Output Connection

2.5.8 Audio Input Connections

2.5.9 External and Failsafe Interlock Connections

2.5.9.1 External Interlock Connection

2.5.9.2 Failsafe Interlock Connection

2.5.10 Initial Turn-on

The Transmitter ON-OFF sequence is controlled by three separate buttons:

STEP 1 Activate the STATION AC POWER source to the transmitter.

Figure 2-5 Default Display

STEP 7 PA Module installation - Four PA modules and 1 IPA module are

Figure 2-7 PA Compartment Rear View

Figure 2-8 IPA Status and Manual Switch

2.5.11 Remote Control Connections