sMath 141 PreCalc 1

Unit 4 Review

1. Fill in the following table:

Growth or Decay Rate

Equation Y – intercept Growth or Decay?

Y= 20(1.06)^-x (0, 20) Decay 6% annual rate

𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑(𝟏. 𝟒)𝒙 13 Growth 40%

𝒚 = 𝟏𝟕𝒆^𝟎.𝟑𝟓𝒙 17 Growth 35%

Y=5e^7x (0, 5) Growth 7% continuous rate

2. Write the equation 𝐥𝐧m = x in exponential form (do not solve).

E^m=x

3. Write the equation 𝟒𝒙 = 𝟕 in logarithmic form (do not solve).

Log4x=7

4. Solve: 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 (𝑥) = 4 5. Solve: ln(𝑥) = 3

5^4=x=625 loge(x)=3
E^3=x=~20.0855

6. Solve: 2𝑙𝑜𝑔3(2𝑥 − 3) = 4 7. Solve: 3(4)+2 = 21

Log3(2x-3)=2 4^(x+2)=7
3^2=2x-3 log4(7)=x+2
9=2x-3 x=log4(7)-2=~-.5963
12=2x
X=6
8. Solve: 4𝑒12𝑥 + 3 = 19 9. Solve: log(𝑥 + 48) + log(𝑥) = 2

4e^12x=16
E^12x=4
Ln(4)=12x
X=~.1155

10. Solve: 4(1.7)𝑥 = 7(1.08)𝑥 (Hint: you need to use the product property of logarithms)

11. Rewrite as a single logarithm:

a. 2 log(𝑥) + 3 log(𝑦) − log(𝑧) b. 3 log(𝑥) − 2log (𝑥2)

12. Use logarithm properties to expand each expression.

𝑎3𝑏7 𝑎3√𝑏

a. 𝑔 b. 𝑙𝑛 ( 5 )

13. Granny wants to start a college fund for her newborn grandchild. How much money does Granny need to deposit
into an account earning 3% compounded quarterly so it will be worth $20,000 in 18 years when her grandchild starts
college?

14. The population, P, of a group of rabbits t years after being released in a new habitat is modeled by the equation (𝑡)
= 500(1.03)𝑡.

a. How many rabbits were initially released?

b. What is the annual growth rate of the rabbit population?

 c. How many rabbits will there be in 2 years?

d. In how many years will the population grow to be 600 rabbits?

15. Given (1) = 3 and (−1) = 12, find the exponential equation that contains these two points.

16. Bismuth-214 has a half-life of 20 minutes. What percent of the original amount of Bismuth-214 remains after one
hour?
17. In 2003, there were 7225 Starbucks stores. In 2005, the number of Starbucks stores increased to 10,241. If Starbucks
continues to increase exponentially at the same rate, how long will it take the number of stores to double?

18. Suppose the half-life of Kryptonite is 300 years.

a. What is the annual decay rate?

b. What is the continuous decay rate?

19. a. Graph the function, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4.

 b. State the domain and range of the function (interval notation).

c. Write the equations for any asymptotes of the function.

20. a. Graph the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 2(𝑥−4)

b. State the domain and range of the function (interval notation).

c. Write the equations for any asymptotes of the function.

21. a. Graph the function 𝑓(𝑥) = log (𝑥 + 4)

b. State the domain and range of the function (interval notation).

c. Write the equations for any asymptotes of the function.

22. a. Graph the function (𝑥) = 2 log(𝑥) − 3.

b. State the domain and range of the function (interval notation).

c. Write the equations for any asymptotes of the function.

23. The average cost of a loaf of bread from 1986 through 2008 is given in the table below.

Year 1986 1988 1990 1995 1997 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Cost 0.57 0.66 0.77 0.84 0.88 0.99 1.03 0.97 1.14 1.42

a. Determine if a linear or exponential model better fits the data and explain how you know which one is the better fit.

b. Write the better regression model.

c. Use the better model to predict the price of a loaf of bread in 2016.

Challenge questions:

Write the equations for the exponential functions depicted in each graph.

1. 2.
Answer Key

1.

Growth or Growth or
Equation Y – intercept
Decay? Decay Rate

𝒚 = 𝟐𝟎(. 𝟗𝟒)𝒙 (0, 20) Decay 6% annual rate

40% annual
𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑(𝟏. 𝟒)𝒙 (0, 13) Growth
rate

35%
𝒚 = 𝟏𝟕𝒆𝟎.𝟑𝟓𝒙 (0, 17) Decay continuous
rate
 7% continuous
𝒚 = 𝟓𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟕𝒙 (0, 5) Growth
rate

2. 𝑒𝑚 = 𝑥
3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔4(7) = 𝑥
4. x = 625
5. x = 20.08553692
6. x=6
7. x = -0.596322539
8. x = 0.1155245301
9. x=2
10. x = 1.233538099
𝑥2𝑦3 −1)

11. a. 𝑔 ( ) b. 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥
𝑧

12. a. 4 log(𝑎) + 7 log(𝑏) − log( 𝑐) b. 3 ln(𝑎) +

ln(𝑏) − 5ln( 𝑐)
13. $11, 678.47
14. a. 500 b. 3% c. 530 rabbits d. 6.168096911 years
15. 𝑓(𝑥) = 6(0.5)𝑥
16. 12.5% of the original amount
17. t = 3.973874912 years
18. a. -0.23078235% b. -0.23104906%
19. a. check on graphing calculator b. Domain: (−∞,∞)
Range: (−4, ∞) c. y = -4 20. a. check on graphing
calculator b. Domain: (−∞,∞) Range: (0, ∞) c.
y=0
21. a. check on graphing calculator b. Domain: (−4,∞) Range: (−∞,∞) c. x = -4
22. a. check on graphing calculator b. Domain: (0,∞) Range: (−∞, ∞) c. x = 0
23. a. exponential, r-value is closer to +1 b. 𝑦 = 0.5976934586(1.034914754) c. $1.67

Challenge Problems

4 𝑥
1. 𝑦 = −3( ) +2
3

1 𝑥
2. 𝑦 = 3 ( ) −2
2