Chapter 4: Multiple Choice Questions

Instructions
Answer the following questions and then press 'Submit' to get your score.

Question 1

Which of the following determinants of health is a 'downstream' determinant?

a) Housing
b) Employment conditions
c) Age
d) Education

Feedback:
The determinants of health are myriad but they are often categorised as 'upstream',
'midstream' and 'downstream' determinants. Upstream factors are those under national
control and include social, physical, economic and environmental factors such as
education, employment, income and housing. Midstream factors are intermediate level
factors which affect defined populations such as local communities, schools or universities
and include local availability of healthy choices such as diet, facilities for exercise and safe
neighbourhoods. Downstream factors include individual lifestyle factors (such as smoking,
alcohol intake and diet) and demographic and hereditary factors that an individual has no
influence over.

Question 2

In a population of 10,000,000 people, at a given time 500 individuals have motor neurone
disease. What is the point prevalence of motor neurone disease in this population at this
given time?

a) 0.05 per 100,000

b) 0.5 per 100,000
c) 5 per 100,000
d) 50 per 100,000
c) 5 per 100,000
Feedback:
Prevalence is the proportion of a population that are new and old cases at a given time. It
can be calculated using the following formula: Prevalence = a/(a+b) (where a = the
number of individuals in the population with the disease at a given time and b = the
number of individuals in the population without the disease at a given time. Prevalence
 can be measured at a particular point in time (point prevalence) or over a specified
period of time such as one year (period prevalence). In this case prevalence =
500/(500+999,500) = 500/10,000,000 = 0.00005. To give the rate per 100,000 we need to
multiply this figure by 100,000 = 0.00005*100,000 = 5 per 100,000.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the classification of social class in the UK is
incorrect?

a) The Registrar General's Social Classes (RGSC) has 6 classes

b) The National Readership Survey (NRS) Social Grades has 6 classes
c) In the NRS Social Grades classification, higher ranking occupations are denoted by lower
numbers
d) The National Statistics Socioeconomic Classification (NS-SEC) is the primary social
classification used by Government departments

Feedback:
The Registrar General's Social Classes (RGSC) and the National Readership Survey (NRS)
Social Grades classification both have six classes. Households are assigned to classes
based on the occupation of the oldest male inhabitant. In the RGSC, the classes are
denoted, from high ranking to low ranking occupations, by roman numerals (I, II, IIIN,
IIIM, IV and V) whereas they are denoted by letters (A, B, C1, C2, D and E) in the NRS
Social Grades classification. The National Statistics Socioeconomic Classification (NS-SEC)
classifies households into 8 categories based on the occupation of the household
reference point (the person responsible for owning or renting the property). It is the
primary social classification used by Government departments in the UK

Question 4

Which of the following was not a key feature of the 2010 White Paper Equity and
excellence; Liberating the NHS?
a) No decision about me without me
b) Commissioning by general practitioners
c) The conversion of all NHS Trusts to Foundation Trusts
d) The promotion of cooperation between providers of health and social care
Feedback:
One of the key principles of Liberating the NHS was to provide patients with more choice
and control and more access to information on the performance of NHS services and
professionals. Shared-decision making would become the norm with "no decision about
 me without me". The commissioning of health services was to be devolved from local
Primary Care Trusts to general practitioners leading to the abolition of the former. All
NHS Trusts (bodies providing secondary care within the NHS, i.e. hospitals) were to
become Foundation Trusts (trusts with a greater degree of independence from
Department of Health/NHS control). This would essentially place hospitals outside of the
direct control of the Department of Health. Monitor - the regulator of Foundation Trusts -
was to become an economic regulator with a duty to promote competition between
providers of health and social care

Question 5

Which of the following is not commonly considered to be part of the public health function
of community pharmacists?
a) Health promotion
b) Compounding
c) Diabetes testing
d) 'Sign-posting'

Feedback:
Community pharmacists improve public health by providing advice and support to the
public across a wide range of health topics. They are also active in the promotion of good
health and health education. 'Sign-posting' - the referral of clients to other appropriate
health professionals and community organisations - is another important contribution
made by community pharmacists. The public health contribution of community
pharmacists is supplemented by the provision of various 'public health' services including
smoking cessation services, weight management services, needle exchange schemes and
diabetes testing.

Question 6

Which of the following services is in the 'Enhanced and Local' level of the community
pharmacy contract for England and Wales?

a) Dispensing of medicines
b) New Medicine Service
c) Medicines Use Review
d) Stop Smoking
Feedback:
 The contractual framework for NHS pharmaceutical services in England and Wales
governs how community pharmacy contractors are remunerated for the provision of NHS
services (NB: the Scottish contract has a different structure). The current contract was
introduced in 2005 and consists of three different levels of service. Services in the
'Essential' level of the contract are offered by all contractors. 'Advanced' services are
optional and require accreditation of both the pharmacist delivering the service and the
premises from which the service is being delivered. 'Enhanced and Local' services are
commissioned at a local level on the basis of need. Public health was included in the
essential services component of the contract. This is focussed on the promotion of
healthy lifestyles consisting of the provision of opportunistic advice to patients obtaining
prescriptions from the pharmacy and involvement in public health campaigns. Many
other harm reducing and health improving measures were included in the enhanced
services section including substance misuse, the provision of emergency hormonal
contraception, smoking cessation and needle exchange services.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a key feature of the 2008 pharmacy White Paper Pharmacy in
England?
a) The introduction of Medicines Use Reviews
b) The involvement of community pharmacies in the provision of vascular checks
c) The involvement of community pharmacists in sustainable development
d) The repositioning of pharmacies as 'healthy living' centres

Feedback:
The 2008 pharmacy White Paper Pharmacy in England outlined how the current
strengths of pharmacy could be built on in the future to deliver safe and effective,
patient-centred pharmaceutical services. The document contained some notable
developments relevant to the public health function of community pharmacists including
the involvement of community pharmacy in the provision of vascular checks. This was to
be a single, universal, integrated check, measuring the risk of cardiovascular disease,
diabetes and chronic kidney disease, for all people aged 40-74. Pharmacy in
England also detailed how community pharmacies were to be repositioned, recognised
and valued as 'healthy living' centres with pharmacists focusing on health promotion, the
provision of innovative services and prevention as much as treatment. Pharmacy in
England also identified pharmacists as individuals who could take a lead in helping to
 combat climate change by promoting sustainable development through, for example,
promoting active transport (cycling, running, walking)

Question 8

Which of the following does not currently present a significant health challenge in low-
income countries?
a) HIV/AIDS
b) Malaria
c) Cardiovascular disease
d) Diarrhoeal diseases

Feedback:
In high-income countries, non-communicable diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular
disease cause the majority of deaths. In low-income countries, 58% of deaths are due to
communicable diseases. The world is currently in the grip of a global pandemic of
HIV/AIDS infection with in excess of 33 million people living with HIV/AIDS - the burden
being borne overwhelmingly by low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa. 8% of all
deaths in low-income countries are caused by diarrheal disease. This is largely
attributable to unsafe water supply, sanitation and hygiene. Malaria is another major killer
in low-income countries causing 781,000 deaths in 2009. The disease accounts for 20% of
all childhood deaths in Africa.

Question 9

What percentage of the adult population of England is obese?

a) 0-10%
b) 10-20%
c) 20-30%
d) 30-40%

Feedback:
Obesity is one of the foremost health issues facing England today. While now being a
global problem, the prevalence of obesity is higher in western, developed nations. In
2007, 24% of all adults were obese and this figure has been forecasted to rise to 50% by
2050 with corresponding implications for the NHS. There is a growing evidence base
 which suggests that community pharmacy provision of weight management services can
produce clinically meaningful reductions in weight amongst obese individuals

Question 10

Which of the following is not a barrier to community pharmacy's involvement in the new
public health agenda?
a) A propensity for pharmacists to focus on the biomedical model of health
b) The operation of community pharmacy in a retail environment
c) A lack of cooperation between pharmacists in the community pharmacy sector
d) The location of many community pharmacies

Feedback:
There are numerous barriers to strengthening the public health function of community
pharmacists. Pharmacists tend to have a focus on individual behavioural factors at the
expense of wider, population-level determinants of health and behaviour. This is
anathema to the wider public health movement. The accessibility of community pharmacy
is frequently highlighted as a strength in terms of its suitability as a delivery venue for
health improving services especially the ready availability of pharmacies in areas of high
socioeconomic deprivation. However, this accessibility is to some extent attributable to
the operation of community pharmacies in a retail environment. Some commentators
find the attempt to 'graft' a public health mindset onto pharmacists operating within a
commercial environment contradictory. A further barrier is presented by the low levels of
cooperation between community pharmacists who are often divided by the need to seek
a competitive advantage.

Study Guide
Field 066: Health
Sample Multiple-Choice Questions
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Objective 0001
Human Anatomy, Physiology, Growth, and Development (Standard 1)

1. Which of the following psychosocial tasks needed for mental health generally takes place during
the adolescent stage of growth and development?

A. attempting to integrate the different aspects and roles of self (e.g., son, daughter, friend,
student) into a whole identity that makes sense
B. seeking frequent encouragement and praise (e.g., from parents/guardians, teachers) to gain
a sense of accomplishment and thus a sense of industry
C. acquiring proficiency at juggling various responsibilities and aspects of life and relying on
resiliency and self-confidence to cope with setbacks
D. developing the autonomy, self-control, and independence to self-initiate new motor activities,
learning tasks, and social interactions

Answer

Correct Response: A.
This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of sequences, stages, and
characteristics of intellectual, social, emotional, and physical growth and development during
childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. As they make the transition from childhood to
adolescence, students may begin to feel confused or insecure about themselves and how
they fit into society. According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, this
stage is important in forming a strong identity and developing a sense of direction in life. To
help establish a sense of self, students experiment with different roles and try to integrate all
the different images of self into a whole identity that makes sense. Students who receive
encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration typically emerge from this
stage with a strong sense of self and a feeling of independence and control.

Objective 0002
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (Standard 2)

2. In a secondary health education unit, students learn about risk factors for common types of
cancers, screening methods for early detection of cancer, and lifestyle behaviors that decrease one's
risk of cancer. Students also study characteristics of cancer, including the idea that some cancers
may have few risk factors and may not produce pain or illness in early stages. In addition to these
disease prevention concepts, it would be most important for this unit to include:

A. an analysis of the influences of genetic and hereditary factors on the development of cancer.
B. information on the prevalence of common cancers in the region in which the school is located.
C. procedures and protocols for conducting breast self-exams (BSEs) and testicular self-exams
(TSEs).
D. discussions on the latest and most promising medical and holistic health treatments for
different types of cancer.
Answer

Correct Response: C.
This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of methods of health
screening and principles and strategies for preventing, detecting, managing, and controlling
illness and disease. Health screening through self-examinations is an essential component of
a secondary health promotion and disease prevention program. Teaching students how to a
conduct a breast self-exam (BSE) or testicular self-exam (TSE), using videos, procedural
handouts, models, or a combination of methods, promotes the habit of self-screening on a
regular basis and provides students with tools for preventing or reducing the risk of cancer.
TSEs are particularly relevant for male students because testicular cancer is the most
common type of cancer in males 15 to 35 years of age, and if caught early, has almost a 100
percent survival rate.

3. Which of the following processes characterizes the level of disease prevention known as tertiary
prevention?

A. prevention of disease before its biological onset

B. prevention of disease progression and additional disease complications after overt clinical
disease occurs
C. prevention of clinical illness through the early and asymptomatic detection and remediation of
certain disease conditions
D. prevention of illness through appropriate individual and group behavior modification designed
to minimize infection risk

Answer

Correct Response: B.
This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of primary, secondary, and
tertiary approaches for preventing communicable and chronic diseases. Unlike primary and
secondary prevention, tertiary prevention involves actively treating an individual who has a
disease. The goals of this level of prevention are to limit damage and pain from the disease,
reduce the severity and progression of the disease, and prevent further complications.
Tertiary prevention programs aim to improve the quality of life for individuals with diseases,
and often involve rehabilitation and therapy to help these individuals return to maximum levels
of functionality and self-sufficiency.

Objective 0003
Nutrition and Physical Activity (Standard 3)

4. Which of the following accurately describes essential amino acids and their function in the human
body?

A. chemicals from the environment that are absorbed through the skin to aid in calcium uptake
B. blood byproducts manufactured in the body and used to regulate body temperature
 C. substances that must be derived from the diet that the body uses for protein synthesis
D. helper cells produced by the body's immune system that are activated to fight infections

Answer

Correct Response: C.
This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of types, sources, and
functions of nutrients and their effects on health, physical performance, and body
composition. Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins. In addition to serving
as the building blocks of proteins, they are crucial for metabolism and growth, tissue repair,
and many other body functions. Because the body cannot manufacture them, essential amino
acids must be derived from the diet. Animal sources of protein and soy foods contain all the
essential amino acids and most plant foods contain them in varying amounts; vegetarians
who eat a variety of plant foods and/or combine legumes and grains over the course of a day
can obtain all the essential amino acids.

Objective 0004
Mental and Emotional Health (Standard 4)

5. Following a lesson on signs of depression and risk factors for suicide, a high school student tells
the health teacher that she believes that she has observed some of the warning signs of suicide in a
friend who attends a different school. Which strategy for responding to this situation is most
appropriate for the teacher to recommend to the student?

A. reassuring the friend that life is worth living and that things are not as bad as they may seem
at the moment
B. determining if the friend is actually considering suicide by asking the friend if he or she has
thought of a specific suicide plan
C. monitoring the friend’s mood and behavior for a few days to determine if there are multiple
warning signs
D. taking the warning signs seriously and informing the friend's parent/guardian and school
counselor as quickly as possible

Answer

Correct Response: D.
This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of warning signs and
symptoms of mental distress, depression, self-harm, and suicidal tendencies; and methods
and resources for addressing, reporting, and obtaining help for these conditions. Most suicidal
individuals give warning signs or signals of their intentions. The best way to prevent suicide is
to recognize these warning signs and know how to respond. Students who believe that a
friend is suicidal should not try to handle the situation alone, nor should they worry about
damaging a friendship when someone's life is at stake. Immediate help can come from the
friend's family, doctor, school counselor or principal, or other trained professional. In the
school setting, the school counselor is often the professional best equipped to connect
students who may be suicidal to the appropriate resources.
Objective 0005
Safety, Risk Reduction, and Injury Prevention (Standard 8)

6. Which of the following statements accurately describes a current, important emphasis in the
American Heart Association guidelines for the administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
to unresponsive individuals?

A. A new CPR procedure involving looking, listening, and feeling for breathing before
administering CPR is now recommended.
B. After calling 911, untrained individuals should wait for trained rescuers to either administer
CPR or use an automated external defibrillator (AED).
C. A new CPR procedure for children and adolescents, requiring a different hand placement
than for adult CPR, is now recommended.
D. After calling 911, untrained individuals should start hands-only CPR and administer hard,
rapid chest compressions until help arrives.

Answer

Correct Response: D.
This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of procedures for responding
to life-threatening respiratory and cardiac emergencies. For untrained or lay rescuers, the
American Heart Association recommends hands-only or compression-only CPR at a rate of at
least 100 compressions per minute. The emphasis is on providing good-quality chest
compressions with sufficient depth to provide adequate circulation. For trained rescuers,
performing cycles of 30 compressions and 2 ventilations is still recommended.

Objective 0006
Reducing Health Risks from Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs (Standard 5)

7. During a drug prevention unit, health education students review a case study in which two
teenagers experience the following physiological and psychological effects.

 Increased heart rate and blood pressure

 Muscle tension
 Teeth clenching
 Nausea
 Blurred vision
 Dizziness
 Chills and sweating
 Enhanced mood
 Increased touch sensation
 Heightened sense of emotional closeness
 Lingering aftereffects including confusion, depression, and sleep problems
These effects are most strongly associated with which of the following types of drugs?

A. methamphetamines (meth)
B. MDMA (ecstasy or molly)
C. inhalants (huffing)
D. anabolic steroids

Answer

Correct Response: B.
This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of short- and long-term
physiological and social effects of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. According to the
National Institute on Drug Abuse, MDMA can reach the brain 15 minutes after it is swallowed
in pill or capsule form. It increases the activity of neurotransmitters (the chemical messengers
of brain cells) that help regulate mood, aggression, sexual activity, sleep, and feelings of pain.
People who use MDMA may feel hyper and highly alert, and may experience changes in
perception such as a heightened sense of touch and an unusually strong empathy for others.
MDMA is also associated with negative effects such as muscle tension, clenched jaw,
nausea, agitation, chills and sweating, and faintness and dizziness. Lingering aftereffects can
also occur due to insufficient levels of serotonin in the brain following the surge in serotonin
triggered by MDMA. For days or even weeks after use, users may experience confusion,
depression, sleep problems, drug craving, and anxiety.

8. Which of the following instructional approaches is likely to be most effective in minimizing and
preventing drug use, including use of alcohol and tobacco, among students?

A. familiarizing students with effective decision-making, resistance, and refusal techniques and
engaging them in activities in which they practice using the techniques
B. emphasizing the connections between a drug-free lifestyle and academic success and
showing students research studies and data that support these findings
C. referring students to a variety of digital and social media resources that promote alcohol,
tobacco, and drug prevention strategies designed specifically for young people
D. having students study the mechanisms by which alcohol, tobacco, and drugs affect major
body systems and discuss their short- and long-term health effects

Answer

Correct Response: A.
This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of principles, practices,
strategies, and activities that help prevent or reduce health risks associated with alcohol,
tobacco, and other drugs. A primary focus of effective health education curricula is building
students' competence in using essential life skills, including decision-making, resistance, and
refusal skills. These skills are typically taught in a systematic fashion using a combination of
instruction and demonstration, feedback, and behavioral rehearsal (in-class practice).
Teaching students resistance and refusal strategies and techniques for resisting negative
peer pressure and making good decisions and then having students practice the strategies
 and techniques in simulations or role plays enables students to develop the confidence and
abilities needed to use the skills in real-life situations.

Objective 0007
Interpersonal, Social, and Family Relationships (Standard 6)

9. In a seventh-grade classroom, students pair up to practice conflict-management and resolution

skills. Student partners brainstorm a hypothetical interpersonal conflict situation and then practice the
key steps used in school-based conflict resolution models. Which of the following steps is typically
carried out first in a conflict management and resolution process?

A. taking turns explaining the factors that led to conflict

B. listening to a third party's advice about how to best resolve the situation
C. taking the time to calm down and think about the situation
D. brainstorming various solutions to the conflict until one is mutually agreed upon

Answer

Correct Response: C.
This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of steps, strategies, and
processes used in conflict prevention, management, and resolution; and techniques for using
conflict-management and resolution skills in various situations. Most conflict resolution
protocols for students involve teaching students a few basic steps, including calming down,
taking turns explaining the conflict, discussing options, and reaching a mutually agreeable
solution. The first step typically involves stopping the conflict and letting anger dissipate.
Techniques such as walking away, counting to ten, or using a relaxation response can be
used. Being in a highly emotional state makes it difficult to reason effectively; teaching
students the importance of calming down and taking time to think helps promote their ability
to control their emotions and reflect rationally on the conflict.

Objective 0008
Community and Environmental Health (Standard 11)

10. Chlorine compounds released from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the environment can be
transported by winds into the stratosphere, where they break down and release dangerous levels of
atomic chlorine. In 1987, a protocol was adopted by signatory nations committed to phasing out or
banning the use of gas-producing chemicals, including CFCs. Currently, over 160 countries support
the treaty. This global effort is expected to decrease environmental risk factors for:

A. emphysema.
B. colon cancer.
C. arteriosclerosis.
D. skin cancer.

Answer
 Correct Response: D.
This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of factors in the natural and
human environment that affect the health and safety of individuals and communities. In the
stratosphere, the ozone layer protects the earth against the type of ultraviolet radiation known
as UVB. Chlorine damages the protective ozone layer. Since CFCs are very stable and do
not dissolve in rain, winds can drive them into the stratosphere, where ultraviolet radiation
breaks them down. The CFC molecules release atomic chlorine; one chlorine atom can
destroy over 100,000 ozone molecules. Ozone depletion has resulted in higher levels of UVB,
which damages DNA and causes skin cancer and cataracts. Recently, scientists have seen
indications of a small increase in total ozone. Experts believe that this is due mainly to the
1987 ban on ozone-damaging substances and will help prevent millions of cases of skin
cancer.

Objective 0009
Influences on Health Behaviors (Standard 10)

11. Which of the following strategies is likely to be most effective for helping students resist pressure
to participate in unhealthy practices such as drinking alcohol, using illicit drugs, and engaging in risky
sexual behaviors?

A. teaching students to use techniques such as humor, teasing, and reverse psychology to
distract peers who are likely to exert pressure on others to engage in risk behaviors
B. emphasizing the temporary nature of these types of adolescent behavior patterns and
assuring students that the behaviors usually do not continue into adulthood
C. using a social norms approach to illustrate with facts and statistics relevant to the students'
demographic group that most of their peers do not participate in risk behaviors
D. helping students recognize that although many people may have a predisposition toward
certain risk behaviors, these behaviors can be easily "unlearned"

Answer

Correct Response: C.
This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of ways in which perceptions
of norms influence healthy and unhealthy behaviors. Young people are highly influenced by
peers; in particular, general perceptions of what peers are doing or not doing impact
adolescent health-related behaviors. The social norms approach to minimizing health risk
behavior and reinforcing positive behavior entails dispelling misperceptions about risk
behaviors being the norm among peers. It often involves gathering credible data relevant to a
target population and identifying and publicizing the actual normative behaviors of that
population. Studies show that purposefully correcting misinformation about negative health
behaviors and highlighting positive behaviors (e.g., four out of five Indiana high school
students do not binge drink) can foster the adoption of positive attitudes and health-
enhancing behaviors among young people.
Objective 0010
Decision Making, Goal Setting, Advocacy, and Self-Management (Standard 7)

12. In a health education class, students are using the following decision-making model to learn about
the steps and activities that should be carried out in making sound health-related decisions.

1. Describe the situation that requires a decision.

2. List possible choices or decisions you might make.
3. Evaluate and list the likely outcomes of alternative choices.
4. Decide which decision is responsible and most appropriate.
5. Make a decision and take action.
6. Evaluate the effectiveness of your decision.

Which of the following activities would be most appropriate to carry out in conjunction with Step 4?

A. thinking through the pros and cons or advantages and disadvantages of each potential
decision
B. assessing the consequences of alternative courses of action and considering how different
choices or decisions would affect other people
C. determining how the results or outcomes of the decision could be improved and brainstorming
additional potential courses of action
D. considering how the important people in one's life would view alternative choices and whether
one could take pride in each potential decision

Answer

Correct Response: D.
This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of steps and strategies for
making, implementing, and evaluating independent and collaborative healthy lifestyle-related
decisions. Considering how the important people in one's life would view alternative choices
or courses of action and thinking about whether one could take pride in those choices or
decisions are integral components of making a responsible and appropriate health-related
decision. Students who consider the alignment between personal values and alternative
choices and think about whether the people they love and respect would approve or
disapprove of their actions are more likely to make sound, reasonable decisions that protect
their health and safety.

Objective 0011
Health Literacy (Standard 9)

13. Which of the following sources of health-related information is most likely to present unbiased,
accurate facts?

A. in article in a popular health magazine promoting a new drug that the author asserts will
control weight without dieting
B. a peer-reviewed article in a professional medical journal announcing the development of a
new treatment for skin cancer
 C. a pharmaceutical company brochure promoting a new drug that reportedly alleviates all major
symptoms of osteoarthritis
D. a dental office flyer provided by a toothbrush manufacturer praising the toothbrush's
effectiveness against gum disease

Answer

Correct Response: B.
This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of techniques and criteria for
analyzing and evaluating the accuracy, validity, reliability, and usefulness of health-related
information. Health information literacy skills are crucial for aiding students in analyzing and
evaluating the many and often conflicting sources of health information available to them.
Reputable and reliable professional medical journals publish source material only after the
material undergoes a rigorous peer review, a systematic academic review process that
serves as a quality-control mechanism. Peer review provides an important filtering function
with the goal of ensuring that only the highest-quality research is published; if an article
contains inaccurate or biased information or claims and conclusions that are not supported by
scientific methodology and data, it is rejected for publication.

Objective 0012
The Health Education Program (Standard 12)

14. A number of students and families in a school district live in economically challenging
circumstances and have limited access to educational and other resources. Which of the following
components of a coordinated school health program is likely to provide the greatest benefit to this
population of students?

A. a school environment characterized by a healthy psychosocial climate

B. a planned, sequential K–12 physical education curriculum that addresses cognitive content
C. school-based partnerships with health-care and social service organizations
D. health education faculty who have been trained in child development and student-centered
pedagogy

Answer

Correct Response: C.
This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of characteristics, goals, and
components of a coordinated school health program. School is a central institution in the
everyday lives of children and adolescents. In this role, schools are in a strategically
advantageous position to serve as coordinating institutions for delivery of services to
students. While the family is the primary social institution dedicated to caring for children,
families with limited access to social, cultural, and economic capital can have their ability to
deliver this care enhanced by schools that effectively partner with organizations such as local
health-care and social service agencies. In accordance with the Indiana School Health
Network, coordinated school health programs use an integrated school, family, and
community approach to enhance the health and well-being of students and provide services
to protect and improve students' physical, mental, emotional, and social health.
15. In a middle school health education class, students will work in small groups to develop media
messages about public health issues relevant to students' lives. The teacher and students brainstorm
potential projects, including the following.

 a social media anti-cyberbullying campaign for middle school students

 a public service television spot on access to healthcare for pregnant teenagers
 a sun safety poster campaign for elementary school students
 a video post on the dangers of mixing alcohol and energy drinks for high school students

Students will share their media presentations with the class once they are completed. This activity is
likely to be most effective for promoting students' knowledge and skills in relation to which Indiana
Academic Standard for Health & Wellness?

A. Students will demonstrate the ability to advocate for personal, family, and community health.
B. Students will demonstrate the ability to access valid information and products and services to
enhance health.
C. Students will demonstrate the ability to practice health-enhancing behaviors and avoid or
reduce health risks.
D. Students will demonstrate the ability to use interpersonal communication skills to enhance
health and avoid or reduce health risks.

Answer

Correct Response: A.
This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of principles and methods for
planning and implementing an effective comprehensive health education program, including
knowledge and use of the Indiana Academic Standards for Health & Wellness. Developing
health-related public service messages is one of several suggested performance tasks
designed to promote student outcomes associated with Standard 8 of the Indiana Academic
Standards for Health & Wellness. By participating in these types of hands-on activities,
students can learn how to locate and evaluate information about health issues, develop a
health-enhancing position and support it with accurate information, influence and support
others in making positive health choices, and target and adapt health messages to different
audiences.