142 CHAPTER 3 Linear and Quadratic Functions

3.3 Assess Your Understand]

'Are You Prepared?' Answers are given at the end of these exercises. If you get a wrong answer, read the pages listed in red.

1. List the intercepts of the equation y = x2 - 9. (pp, 11-12) 3. To complete the square of X2 - 5x, you add the number
2. Find the real solutions of the equation 2x2 + 7x - 4 = 0. __ . (pp. A47-A4~)
(pp, A4~-;\) 1) 4. To graph y = (x - 4)2, you shift the graph of y = x2 to the
__ a distance of __ units. (pp.Y2-IOO)

Concepts and Vocabulary

5. The graph of a quadratic function is called a(n) __ . 9. True or False The y-coordinate of the vertex of f(x) =

6. The vertical line passing through the vertex of a parabola is -x2 + 4x + 5 is f(2).
called the 10. True or False If the discriminant b2 - 4ac = 0, the graph of
7. The x-coordinate of the vertex of f(x) = ax' + b x + c, f(x) = ax: + bx + c, a -:/-0, will touch the x-axis at its
a v: O,is __ . vertex.
8. True or False The graph of f (x) = 2x2 + 3x - 4 opens up.

Skill Building
In Problems 11-18, match each graph to one the following functions.
11. f (x) = x2 - 1 12. f ( x) = - X2 - 1 13. f (x) = x2 - 2x + 1 14. f(x) = x2 + 2x + 1
15. f(x) = x2 - 2x + 2 16. f(x) = x2 + 2x 17. f(x) = x2 - 2x 18. f (x) = x2 + 2x + 2
A y Bye y D y
322 3
(-1,1)

2 x -2 2 x

-2 ! -1 2 x
I -2 -2
(0,-1)
-2 2 x
(-1,0) (-1, -1) -1

E y F y G y H y
1 2

-2
-2 x
-1 (1,0) 3 x
-1 3 x (1,-1)
-1 -2
-2

In Problems 19-34, graph the function f by starting with the graph of y = x2 and using transformations (shifting, compressing, stretching,
and/or reflection).
[Hint: H necessary, write fin the formf(x) = a(x - h)2 + k.]
1 1
19. f(x) = "4X2 20. f(x) = 2x2 21. f (x) = "4 X2 - 2 22. f(x) = 2X2 - 3

1 1
23. f(x) = "4x2 + 2 24. f(x) = 2x2 + 4 25. f(x) = "4x2 + 1 26. f(x) = -2x2 - 2

27. f(x) = x2 + 4x + 2 28. f(x) = x2 - 6x - 1 29. f(x) = 2x2 - 4x + 1 30. f(x) = 3x2 + 6x
1 2 4
-x2
2
31. f(x) = - 2x 32. f(x) = _2x2 + 6x + 2 33. f (x) = 2 x2 + x-I 34 f(x)=-x
·33
+-x-l

In Problems 35-52, (a) graph each quadratic function by determining whether its graph opens up or down and by finding its vertex, axis
of symmetry, y-intercept, and x-intercepts, if any. (b) Determine the domain and the range of the function. (c) Determine where the
function is increasing and where it is decreasing.
J5. f(x) = X2 + 2x 36. f(x) = x2 - 4x 37. f(x) = -x2 - 6x
38. f(x) = -x2 + 4x 39. f(x) = 2x2 - 8x 40. f(x) = 3x2 + 18x
41. f(x) = x2 + 2x - 8 42. f(x) = x2 - 2x - 3 43. f(x) = X2 + 2x + 1
44. f (x) = X2 + 6x + 9 45. f (x) = 2X2 - X + 2 46. f(x) = 4x2 - 2x + 1
 SECTION 3.3 Quadratic Functions and Their Properties 143

., 47. f(x) = -2x2 + 2x - 3 48. f(x) = -3x2 + 3x - 2 49. f(x) = 3x2 + 6x + 2

50. f(x) = 2x2 + 5x + 3 51. f(x) = _4x2 - 6x + 2 52. f(x) = 3x2 - 8x + 2

In Problems 53-58, determine the quadratic function whose graph is given .

., 53. 54. 55.
y y Vertex: (-3, 5)

1 x

-1 234 5 x

56. 57. 58. y

Vertex: (-2, 6) 6

-1 5 x

-4 Vertex: (1, -3)

In Problems 59-66, determine, without graphing, whether the given quadratic function has a maximum value or a minimum value and
then find the value.
59. f(x) = 2x2 + 12x 60. f(x) = _2x2 + 12x ., 61. f(x) = 2X2 + 12x - 3
62. f(x) = 4x2 - 8x + 3 63. f(x) = -x2 + lOx - 4 64. f(x) = _2x2 + 8x + 3
65. f(x) = -3x2 + 12x + 1 66. f(x) = 4X2 - 4x

Applications and Extensions

67. The graph of the function f(x) = ax' + bx + c has ver- 68. The graph of the function f(x) = ax: + bx + c has ver-
tex at (0,2) and passes through the point (1,8). Find a, b, tex at (1,4) and passes through the point (-1, -8). Find a, b,
and c. and c.

In Problems 69-74, for the given functions f and g,

(a) Graph f and g on the same Cartesian plane.
(b) Solve f(x) = g(x).
(c) Use the result of part (b) to label the points of intersection of the graphs off and g.
(d) Shade the region for which f( x) > g( x), that is, the region below f and above g.
69. f(x) = 2x - 1; g(x) = X2 - 4 70. f(x) = -2x - 1; g(x) = x2 - 9
71. f(x) = -x2 + 4; g(x) = -2x + 1 72. f(x) = -x2 + 9; g(x) = 2x + 1
73. f(x) = -x2 + 5x; g(x) = x2 + 3x - 4 74. f(x) = -x2 + 7x - 6; g(x) = x2 + X - 6

Answer Problems 75 and 76 using the following: A quadratic function of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c with b2 - 4ac > 0 may also
be written in the form f(x) = a(x - r1) (x - "2), where r1 and t : are the x-intercepts of the graph of the quadratic function.
75. (a) Find a quadratic function whose x-intcrcepts are - 3 and 76. (a) Find a quadratic function whose x-intercepts are -5 and
I with a = l;a = 2;a = -2;a = 5. 3 with a = l;a = 2;a = -2;a = 5.
(b) How does the value of a affect the intercepts? (b) How does the value of a affect the intercepts?
(c) How does the value of a affect the axis of sym- (c) How does the value of a affect the axis of sym-
metry? metry?
(d) How does the value of a affect the vertex? (d) How does the value of a affect the vertex?
(e) Compare the x-coordinate of the vertex with the mid- (c) Compare the x-coordinate of the vertex with the mid-
point of the x-intercepts. What might you conclude? point of the x-intercepts. What might you conclude?