Grade 11: GENERAL MATHEMATICS

MIDTERM
Week 8: RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

Content Standards: Content Standards: The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts
of rational functions.
Performance Standards: The learner is able to accurately formulate and solve real-life problems
involving rational functions.
Specific Learning Objectives:
 Represents a rational function through its: (a) table of values, (b) graph, and (c) equation
 Finds the domain and range of a rational function
 Determines the (a) intercepts, (b) zeroes, and (c) asymptotes of rational functions

Scriptural Message:
John 20:26-28 “Eight days later, His disciples were once again inside with the doors locked, and
Thomas was with them. Jesus came and stood among them and said, “Peace be with you.” Then
Jesus said to Thomas, “Put your finger here and look at My hands. Reach out your hand and put it
into My side. Stop doubting and believe.” Thomas replied, “My Lord and my God!

Fr. Al’s Message:

Week 4: It is God’s will to remake us, re-create us, re-fashion us into the image and likeness of His
Only Son, Jesus Christ. That is what it means to become a saint, to become like Christ, to resemble
Him, to imitate Him, to follow Him, to put on the Lord Jesus Christ, to be remade into His image and
likeness. So, this is God’s will for each of you. So you must have the same will, the same desire.
(Homily, Aug. 28, 1988)

 Represents a rational function through its: (a)

Day 1 table of values, (b) graph, and (c) equation

I. Pre-Activity: Recall on the previous discussion

II. During Activity: Giving of Seatwork

𝑃(𝑥)
A rational function is a function of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑄(𝑥) where 𝑃(𝑥) and 𝑄(𝑥) are polynomial
functions, and 𝑄(𝑥) is not the zero function (i.e., 𝑄(𝑥) ≠ 0). The domain of 𝑓 (𝑥) is all values
of 𝑥 where 𝑄(𝑥) ≠ 0.
𝑑
1.Average speed (or velocity) can be computed by the formula 𝑠 = 𝑡 . Consider a 100-meter track
used for foot races. The speed of a runner can be computed by taking the time it will make him
100
to run the track and applying it to the formula 𝑠 = 𝑡 , since the distance is fixed at 100 meters.
A. Represent the speed of a runner as a function of the time it takes to run 100 meters in the
track.
B. Construct a table of values for the speed of a runner against difficult run times.
C. Plot the points on the table of values on a Cartesian plane. Determine if the points on the
100
function 𝑠(𝑥) = 𝑥 follow a smooth curve or a straight line.

𝑥−1
2.Represent the rational function given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1 using a table of values and plot a
graph of the function by connecting points.

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 𝑥 2 −3𝑥−10
3.Represent the rational function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
using a table of values. Plot the points given in
the table of values and sketch a graph by connecting the points.

4.In an interbarangay basketball league, the team for Barangay Culiat has won 12 out of 25
games, a winning percentage of 48%. We have seen that they need to win 8 games consecutively
to raise their percentage to at least 60%. What will be their winning percentage if they win (a)
10 games in a row? (b) 15? 20? 30? 50? 100 games? Can they reach a 100% winning percentage?

III. Post-Activity: Checking of Seatwork

Day 2  Represents a rational function through its: (a)

table of values, (b) graph, and (c) equation

I. During Activity: Giving of Seatwork

1. The electric current I (in amperes) passing through a resistor is related to the voltage V across
𝑉
a resistor (in volts) and the resistance R (in ohms) by the formula 𝐼 = 𝑅. If the resistor is
connected across the terminals of a car battery (12 volts), construct a table of values of the
current across the resistor for different resistor values from 2000 ohms to 5, 000 ohms. Use
intervals of 1000 ohms. Plot these values as points in the Cartesian plane and connect the
points. Is this a smooth curve or a straight line?
𝑥−3
2. Construct a table of values for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+4 for −6 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2, x taking on integer
values. Identify values of 𝑥 where the function will be undefined. Plot the points corresponding
to values in the table. Connect these points with a smooth curve. Explain why the points
cannot be joined by a single curve. Identify the zeroes of this function.
𝑥 2 +𝑥−6
3. For the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +𝑥−20
a. Identify values where the function will be undefined.
b. Construct a table of values for −6 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 where 𝑥 takes on integer values;
c. Identify the zeroes of the function.

II. Post-Activity: Checking of Seatwork

Day 3  Finds the domain and range of a rational function

 Determines the (a) intercepts, (b) zeroes, and (c)
asymptotes of rational functions

I. Pre-Activity:
Start the lesson by recalling the following important properties of functions:
a) The domain of a function is the set of all values that the variable 𝑥 can take.
b) The range of a function is the set of all values that 𝑓(𝑥) can take.
c) The zeroes of a function are the values of 𝑥 which make the function zero. The real
numbered zeroes are also 𝑥 – intercepts of the graph of the function.
d) The 𝑦 – intercept is the function value when 𝑥 = 0.

II. During Activity:

How to sketch the graph of a rational function?
In sketching the graph of a rational function, we will make use of the 𝑥 and 𝑦 –
intercepts of the function. In addition, we will observe how the function behaves near
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the values where the function is undefined, as well as in the extreme values of 𝑥. Let us
take a detailed look at the steps in graphing a simple rational function and develop a
process for graphing other rational functions.

𝑥−2
Consider the function (𝑥) = 𝑥+2 . (a) Find its domain, (b) intercepts, (c) sketch its graph and (d)
determine its range.

What is a vertical asymptote?

The vertical line 𝑥 = 𝑎 is a vertical asymptote of a function 𝑓 if the graph of 𝑓 either increases or
decreases without bound as the 𝑥 – values approach 𝑎 from the right or left.

How to find the vertical asymptote/s of a rational function?

Finding the Vertical Asymptotes of a Rational Function

a) Reduce the rational function to lowest terms by cancelling out the common factor/s in the
numerator and denominator.
b) Find the values 𝒂 that will make the denominator of the reduced rational function equal to
zero.
c) The line 𝑥 = 𝑎 is a vertical asymptote.

What is a horizontal asymptote?

The horizontal line 𝑦 = 𝑏 is a horizontal asymptote of the function 𝑓 if 𝑓(𝑥) gets closer to 𝑏 as 𝑥
increases or decreases without bound (𝑥 → +∞ or 𝑥 → −∞).

3𝑥 2 −8𝑥−3
1. Sketch the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = . Find its domain and range.
2𝑥 2 +7𝑥−4

4𝑥 1 +4𝑥+1
2. Find the horizontal asymptote of 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2+3𝑥+2

III. Post- Activity: Giving of Assignment

Day 4  Finds the domain and range of a rational function

 Determines the (a) intercepts, (b) zeroes, and (c)
asymptotes of rational functions

I. Pre- Activity: Review the previous lesson

II. During Activity:

How to find the horizontal asymptote(s) of a rational function?

Let n be the degree of the numerator and m be the degree of the denominator:
 If 𝑛 < 𝑚, the horizontal asymptote is 𝑦 = 0.
 If 𝑛 = 𝑚, the horizontal asymptote is 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑏 , where 𝑎 is the leading coefficient
of the numerator and 𝑏 is the leading coefficient of the denominator.
 If 𝑛 > 𝑚, there is no horizontal asymptote.

Finally, the table below provides a summary to the entire lesson

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 Submitted by:

MRS. ROWENA DOROLIAT

Grade 11 Teacher

MRS. JOVY P. VICTORINO

Subject Area Coordinator

Noted by: Approved by:

MRS. MARY LUZ T. ELOPRE SISTER GERTRUDES U. DAYAG, SM

Assistant Principal School Principal