Seminar Report

On

Smart IoT Based System For Vehicle

Noise And Pollution Monitoring
By

Ankush Bhatia

Under the guidance

of

Prof.Manisha P. Mali

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology
Savitribai Phule Pune University
2018-19
 Vishwakarma Institute of
Information Technology,
Kondhwa, Pune-411048

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ankush S. Bhatia from Third Year Computer Engineering has
successfully completed his/her seminar work titled "Smart IoT Based System For Vehicle
Noise And Pollution Monitoring" at Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune in
the partial fulfillment of the Bachelors Degree in the Engineering Date:

Place:

Prof. Manisha P.Mali Dr.S.R.Sakhare Dr.B.S.Karkare

Guide Head of the Department Director
 Acknowledgment

I take this to express my deep sense of gratitude towards my esteemed guide Prof.
Manisha P.Mali for giving me this splendid opportunity to select and present this seminar and
also providing facilities for successful completion.
I thank Dr. Sachin R.Sakhare Head, Department of Computer Engineering, for opening the
doors of the department towards the realization of the seminar, all the staff members, for their
indispensable support, priceless suggestion and for most valuable time lent as and when
required. With respect and gratitude, I would like to thank all the people, who have helped me
directly or indirectly.

Ankush Bhatia
Roll no.321082 Class:TE-A
Abstract

The air quality in cities is degrading as a result of a complex interaction between natural and arti
cial environmental conditions. With the increase in urbanization and industrialization and lack of
control on emissions and use of catalytic converters, a great amount of particulate and toxic
gases are produced. The objective of this project is to monitor air pollution on roads and track
vehicles which cause pollution over a specied limit. Increased use of automobiles is a serious
problem that has been around for a very long time. This paper gives survey of dierent systems
used to monitor vehicular pollution and proposes use of Internet of Things (IoT) to address this
problem. Here, combination of Toxic Gas Sensors and Radio Frequency Identication (RFID)
tagging system is used to monitor vehicular pollution records anytime anywhere.
Contents

1 Technical Keywords 1
1.1 Domain Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Technical Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 Introduction 2
2.1 Domain Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Problem Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.3 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3 Literature Survey 4
3.1 Techniques/Methods/Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4 System Architecture 6
4.1 System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2 Implementation/Proof of Concept(if any) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.3 Expected Result and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

5 Advantages/Disadvantages 11

6 Applications 12

7 Conclusion and future work 13

8 References 14
List of Figures

2.1 The block diagram of the proposed air pollution monitoring system . . . . . . . . . 2

4.1 Proposed pollution monitoring system using IoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

4.2 Integration of Raspberry with RFID and CO2 gas sensor module . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.3 Displaying sensor values on LCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
List of Tables

3.1 Literature Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

TE Seminar Report Smart IoT Based System For Vehicle Noise And Pollution Monitoring

Chapter 1

Technical Keywords

Domain Name
Internet Of Things.

Technical Keywords
Raspberry Pi 3,Radio Frequency Identi cation, Gas Sensor,Ad Hoc Network,Wireless Technology.

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TE Seminar Report Smart IoT Based System For Vehicle Noise And Pollution Monitoring

Chapter 2

Introduction

Figure 2.1: The block diagram of the proposed air pollution monitoring system

The environmental problems are growing now days. Air pollutants from cars, buses and trucks
can worsen respiratory diseases and trigger asthma attacks. Transportation is responsible for
more than 50 percent of carbon monoxide in the air. The air pollution may lead to Chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and escalates risk of cancer. The public health is a ected
due to pollution from vehicles. One of the major reasons of air pollution is emission of polluting
gases from vehicles which is responsible for almost 70of the total air pollution. To control the air

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 Smart IoT Based System For Vehicle Noise And Pollution Monitoring

pollution, the amount of air pollution needs to be monitored and vehicles causing the pollution
should be identi ed.

Domain Description
Internet of Things (IoT) is an ecosystem of connected physical objects that are accessible
through the internet. The thing in IoT could be a person with a heart monitor or an automobile
with built-in-sensors, i.e. objects that have been assigned an IP address and have the ability
to collect and transfer data over a network without manual assistance or intervention. The
embedded technology in the objects helps them to interact with internal states or the external
environment, which in turn a ects the decisions taken.

Problem Definition
Due to miscellaneous interactions, limited protocol standardization, security of data storage
and complex identification systems to access data, problems arises in eld of monitoring
hence to over-come these problems we are designing ,"Smart IoT Based System For Vehicle
Noise And Pollution Monitoring", to gain pollution free future live.

Motivation
Air contamination happens when hurtful pollutants and natural particles are brought into
earth's environment. It may cause several disorders in humans. It also causes harm to other
living things on the earth like animals, crops and may spoil the natural calamities .Some of
regular procedures and human exercises can create contamination noticeable all around and
other normal assets like water...etc.The real wellspring of air contamination is vehicles. There
are 57.53 lakhs of Motor vehicles in various classifications in Andhra Pradesh province of
India. The vehicular contamination is expanding step by step and smoke discharge from
Automobile is causing contamination and furthermore getting to be risky to individual health.

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Chapter 3

Literature Survey

Few locations, with usually high volume of traffic, may be identified to be monitored. In this
framework, for each monitored location, the RFID readers are placed on the either side of a road
with a fixed short distance in between them. Each vehicle passing through the road is equipped
with a passive RFID tag. Sensor nodes, composed of gas sensors, are placed on the roadside.
The sensor nodes may be identified and addressed by unique IP address or a unique ID. These
nodes gather sensor data continuously and send it wirelessly to the server. Whenever the sensor
nodes sense abrupt rise in pollution, search is initiated for concerned RFID tags, i.e. vehicles
causing pollution are identified using the RFID tag attached on them. Pollution data is printed on
arduino terminal not sent on internet server. The RFID readers identify corresponding tag number
and transmit the same via the GPRS modem to the server. This framework also generates alert
when pollution level increases. Authorities may take appropriate actions accordingly. All the
gathered data may be monitored and analyzed by authorities concerned. A compact system can
be developed to detect the pollutants in the vehicle which could be assembled in the vehicle itself.
Tremendous innovations have been made in the technology and manufacturing of cars as well as
in the pollution control department but still nothing significant achieved of it. This idea employs an
MQ7 sensor which is economical and capable of detecting Carbon Monoxide gas emitted from
the vehicle. An initial warning is given to the driver regarding the amount of CO gas with the help
of LCD display and later the same information is transferred to the Pollution Control Board in case
of negligence. This is done with the help of GSM system incorporated in the vehicle. The AVR
Microcontroller is used to transfer the information to the GSM system from the MQ7 sensor. This
paper is capable to measure the value of pollutants emitted by the vehicle continuously and
display it on 16x2 alphanumeric LCD display. Also if the pollutant level exceeds the prescribed
value, then a SMS will be sent to the respective authority to take necessary disciplinary action.

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 Smart IoT Based System For Vehicle Noise And Pollution Monitoring

Table 3.1: Literature Table

Sr.No Paper Name Year Findings
1 Vehicle Pollution Monitoring Using loT 2014 Pollution data is printed on arduino
2 Vehicular pollution monitoring using IoT 2015 Monitors air pollution shows on LCD
3 Online Vehicle Pollutants Monitoring System 2015 measure the value of pollutants

3.1 Techniques/Methods/Tools
There are different tools used for vehicle pollution monitoring most of them are based on
either one of these methods:1)Ad hoc network 2)Sensors 3)GSM module .An ad hoc network
is a network that is composed of individual devices communicating with each other directly.
The term implies spontaneous or impromptu construction because these networks often
bypass the gate keeping hardware or central access point such as a router. Many ad hoc
networks are local area networks where computers or other devices are enabled to send data
directly to one another rather than going through a centralized access point.

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Chapter 4

System Architecture

Figure 4.1: Proposed pollution monitoring system using IoT

The frame work of the proposed system uses IoT to address the vehicular pollution in real-
time applications.Two gas sensors CO 2 , SO x are used to monitor the pollutants continuously to
maintain the quality of the air. At monitor location, the RFID reader, wireless gas sensors are
integrated along with microcontroller .This entire system is placed in either of the road. Whenever
the vehicles equipped with RFID tags passed through the sensor node, RFID reader presented in
the monitoring system detects the vehicles and the sensors measures quality of the air produced
by that vehicle. The sensed continuous data is sent to the microcontroller for verification of the
pollution level of the vehicle. The microcontroller veries the levels of the pollutants of the air
produced by the vehicle. If the pollutants levels are beyond the threshold levels, then it sends

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 Smart IoT Based System For Vehicle Noise And Pollution Monitoring

the warning message to the vehicle owner. The same data is displayed on the Liquid Crystal
Display (LCD). The information about the levels of CO 2 and SOx , vehicular number, RFID of
the vehicle and time and date of vehicle are also sent to the server of the authorized
agencies. This information is stored in the server database for future analysis. The real time
monitoring of vehicular pollution system using IoT is shown Fig.

System Architecture

Sensors Module
It includes two sensors that are Carbon-monoxide sensor and temperature and humidity sensor
for the purpose of sensing of the exhaust gases liberated from the vehicle. These sensed values
are fed to the arduino controller for processing of the sensed data, where comparison is made
between the sensed values and the de ned threshold values the threshold, if sensed values are
beyond the threshold value then the system makes the owner alert through alarm.

Display Module
The LCD display displays the amount of pollution level of dierent polluting factors that are
Carbon-monoxide, temperature and humidity. The sensed data of these factors is continuously
displayed on the LCD display , which is kept inside the vehicle and in front of the driver. One
application is developed for the user, which displays all pollutants information; in addition to this it
will also displays the status of sending SMS to ensure that the message is sent successfully. One
more application is developed at the police control room that retrieves data from the database and
displays only one record for a day which indicates that one day of time is given to the vehicle
owner for making the tuning of the engine.

SMS Module
This module involves informing the vehicle owner about his vehicle conditions by

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 Smart IoT Based System For Vehicle Noise And Pollution Monitoring

sending an SMS to inform him that the tuning of vehicle engine is required at that particular time,
because the vehicle owner is unaware of his vehicle conditions. So providing such facilities
makes vehicle owner to know the status of pollution in-crease through his vehicle.

Server Module
It is the database maintaining module, which stores the information regarding the vehicle
conditions by including the concentration of Carbon-monoxide, temperature and humidity. Along
with this the vehicle id is also included in the database which acts as the primary key for the table;
that can be uniquely identified. This key will also help to retrieve the data from the police
application to take the neccessary action. This database is capable of holding only those entries
that do not exist for the same day; which indicates that for each day only one set of values for
concentration of carbon monoxide, temperature and humidity are stored for the vehicle of a
particular vehicle id.

Implementation/Proof of Concept(if any)

When the vehicle gets the start, the actuator will power ON raspberry pi. Rasp- berry pi will
initialize all sensors and convert the analog data. Each car will have one unique ID associated
with it. We have set threshold time as 20minutes.After every threshold time, Raspberry pi will
send information sensed by the sensor to the traffic department and agencies of national
environment. All information sensed by the sensor is stored in a cloud server. Our system will use
GSM module to send the data. RFID tag will be assigned to each car. Whenever the car passes
through a sensor node, RFID reader will detect the vehicle. RFID reader will be fixed at each
traffic signal pole. Our proposed system uses the LED and Display Screen at the backside of the
car. If the gas emitted by car crosses the threshold

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 Smart IoT Based System For Vehicle Noise And Pollution Monitoring

Figure 4.2: Integration of Raspberry with RFID and CO2 gas sensor module

value then that LED will turn into RED otherwise it will be green. Gas sensed by MQ-7 and the
MQ-2 sensor will be displayed on Display screen. The noise level of the car will also be displayed
on display screen.

Expected Result and Analysis

Figure 4.3: Displaying sensor values on LCD

IoT based pollution monitoring system is developed and the performance of

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 Smart IoT Based System For Vehicle Noise And Pollution Monitoring

the developed system is verified successfully for various vehicles. The registration number of the
vehicle inserted with RFID tag and passed through the monitoring system is identified using active
RFID receiver and is displayed on the LCD. Fig 6 shows the display of the vehicle number that
passes through the monitoring system with RFID tag. The monitoring system displays the
pollutants levels of the vehicle. The controller sends the details of the vehicle and the pollutant
values to server for monitoring the pollution levels of vehicle.

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Chapter 5

Advantages/Disadvantages

ADVANTAGES:

 The designed smart intelligent environmental system. monitors the

pollutants produced by the vehicles.

 Warn the vehicle owners to control the pollution.

DISADVANTAGES:

 Internet connectivity is must for sending the SMS to vehicle owner.

 Short period of one day time is given to the vehicle owner for making
tuning of the engine.

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Chapter 6

Applications

 Tracking of stolen automobile.

 Accident Alert Real Time Vehicle Tracking.

 Car Problem Diagnosis.

 Enhanced Safety.

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Chapter 7

Conclusion and future work

Conclusion
IoT is an emerging networking concept within the pervasive or ambient things or objects are
connected to provide a smart or intelligent service to make human life easier and happier. Using
the Iot we have proposed a system which monitors the vehicular pollution. By monitoring the
emissions data, the engine health can be easily inspected and examined. The vehicle owner also
becomes aware of his vehicles condition and makes the engine tune-up. Experimental results
show that the proposed system is effective and reliable for vehicle emissions inspection. As we all
know that global warming is taking place due to environmental pollution. Vehicular pollution is the
main cause for the environmental pollution. By using the proposed system, the global warming
can be reduced to some extent.
Future Work
This system is monitoring only four parameters and hence can be expanded by considering more
parameters that cause the pollution especially by the industries. This system gives availability of
viewing the sensor outputs through internet. It can be made to control the emissions by giving
commands from distance. Many pollutants do not have sensors that sense them if available they
are very expensive and hence building sensors for different parameters might be a future task.

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Chapter 8

References

 ITU report on Internet of Things Executive Summary:

www.itu.intlinternet of things.

Epidemiological Study on E ect of Air Pollution on Human Health in Delhi,

Environmental Health Management Series: EHMS/0112012, Central Pollu-tion
Control Board, Government of India.

 Z. J. Andersen, M. hyidberg, S. S. Jenson, M. Ketzal, S .Loft. M. Soresen,

O. Raashou-Nielsen, Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease and long- term exposure to tra
c-related air pollution: a cohort, American journal of respi-ratory and critical caremedicine,
2011, Vol.183 (4), 455-461.

 O. Raaschou-Nielsen, Z. 1. Andersen, M. Hvidberg, S. S. Jensen, M. Ketzel,

M. Sorensen, ATjonneland, Lung cancer incidence and long-

term exposure to air pollution from tra c, Environmental health perspec- tives, 2011, Vol.
119(6), 860-865.

D.L. Yang, F. Liu, and Y.D. Liang, A survey of the internet of things, Pro-ceedings
of International Conference on E-Business Intelligence (ICEBI-2010), Advances
in Intelligent Systems Research. Atlantis Press, 2010, pp.358-366.

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