4373e 90B01 PDF

Keysight N4373E Lightwave
Component Analyzer
User's Guide
Notices
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4373E-90B01 mercial computer software or commercial
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2 Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer User’s Guide

Contents
1 Introduction
Documentation 10
General Safety Considerations 11
Safety symbols 11
Instrument markings 11
Initial safety information 14
Line power requirements 16
Environmental information 17
Optical Test Set Front and Rear Panels 18

2-port PNA version 18
4-port PNA version 21
Rear panel 24
2 Setting Up the Instrument

Unpacking the Lightwave Component Analyzer 26
Mounting the Test Set and the Network Analyzer 28
Preparing the Test Head 28
Preparing the Network Analyzer 30
Mounting the Network Analyzer on the Test Head 31
Setting Up the Lightwave Component Analyzer 34
3 Performance Quick Check

Preparation 40
Network analyzer settings and electrical calibration 40
Verifying your Electrical Calibration 41
Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer User’s Guide 3

Contents
Verifying the Optical Connections and Optical CW Operation 43

Verifying the Electrical Connection and Electro-optical
Operation 46
4 Making Measurements
Starting the Lightwave Component Analyzer 52
Calibrating the Network Analyzer before Measurements 53
About measurements 53
Electrical calibration for single-ended measurements 53
Electrical calibration for differential OE measurements 54
Electrical calibration for differential EO measurements 56
Measuring Opto-Electrical (OE) devices 58

Initializing the OE measurement 59
Making single-ended OE measurements 65
Making differential OE measurements (applies to 4-port PNA only) 66
Measuring Electro-Optical (EO) Devices 68
Initializing the EO measurement 69
Making single-ended EO measurements 72
Making differential EO measurements 73
Returning to Electrical Measurements 74

Measuring Optical-Optical (OO) Devices 75
Initializing the OO measurement 75
Making OO measurements 80
Aborting a Measurement 82
Measuring Optical Power 83

Contents
5 User Interface Reference

The LCA Function Keys 86
Default and Advanced Measurement Parameters 88
Saving and Loading Setups 89
Saving setups 89
Loading setups 90
The Measurement Parameters 91

Measure Mode 91
Differential 91
Single-Ended 91
LCA System Settings 92
Optical Path Deembedding 94
RF Path Deembedding 95
Tools 97
Laser Source 97
Receiver 97
RF Power 98
Reset UI 98
6 Measurement Concepts
General Measurement Techniques and Considerations 100
EO measurements (lasers, modulators) 102
OE measurements (photodiodes) 103
OO measurements 103
Signal Relationships in Opto-Electric Devices 104

Single-Ended Measurements 109
Differential Measurements (applies to 4-port PNA only) 110
Differential OE measurements 111
Differential EO measurements 111
Differential results 112
Calibration Concept 112

Contents
Triggering Concepts 114

Measuring at Different Wavelengths and with the External Optical
Source Input 115
EO measurements 115
OE measurements 116
OO measurements 116
7 Maintenance
Cleaning 118
Safety Precautions 118
Why is it important to clean optical devices? 119
What do I need for proper cleaning? 119
Additional Cleaning Equipment 122
Preserving Connectors 124
Cleaning Instrument Housings 125
Which Cleaning Procedure should I use? 125
How to clean connectors 126
How to clean connector interfaces 127
How to clean bare fiber adapters 128
How to clean lenses 129
How to clean instruments with a fixed connector interface 129
How to clean instruments with a physical contact interface 130
How to clean instruments with a recessed lens interface 131
How to clean optical devices which are sensitive to mechanical stress and
pressure 132
Replacing the Fuse 133
8 Troubleshooting
Checking the Operation of the Lightwave Component
Analyzer 136
Event Log 136

Contents
9 Reinstalling and Updating the Software

Backing Up your LCA Data 138
Reinstalling the LCA Software 139
Updating the LCA software 139
Reinstalling the LCA software 139
10 Definition of Terms
Definition of Terms 142
11 Specifications
Specifications 150
Definitions 150
Specifications (guaranteed) 150
Typical Values (characteristics) 150
General Characteristics 150
Measurement Conditions 151
Transmitter and Receiver Specifications 152

Specifications for Electro-Optical Measurements at 1310 nm (E/O
Mode) 154
Specifications for Electro-Optical Measurements at 1550 nm (E/O
Mode) 155
Specifications for Opto-Electrical Measurements at 1310 nm (O/E
Mode) 156
Specifications for Opto-Electrical Measurements at 1550 nm (O/E
Mode) 157
Specifications for Optical to Optical Measurements at 1310 nm (O/O
Mode) 158
Specifications for Optical to Optical Measurements at 1550 nm (O/O
Mode) 159

Contents
Specifications for Electrical-Electrical Measurements (E/E

Mode) 160
General Characteristics 161
Mechanical Outline Drawings, options 2xx (dimensions in
mm) 163
Mechanical Outline Drawings, options 4xx (dimensions in
mm) 164
12 Regulatory and Warranty Information

Regulatory Information 166
Declaration of Conformity 167
Warranty 168
System 168
Remove all doubt 168
Keysight E-mail Updates 168
myKeysight 168
Keysight Open 169
Phone or Fax 170

Keysight Online Information 171
13 Ordering Information
Ordering Information 174
Power Cords 176
Index

Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer
User’s Guide
1 Introduction
Documentation / 10
General Safety Considerations / 11
Optical Test Set Front and Rear Panels / 18
1 Introduction
Documentation
The documentation for the Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component

Analyzer consists of
• The documentation for the Keysight network analyzer. This
documentation i s on the hard disk of the network analyzer. Refer to it
for using the network analyzer for electrical to electrical measurements,
or for the configuration of the network analyzer.
• The documentation for the optical test set and the Lightwave
Component Analyzer application. Refer to this documentation for
information on using the optical test set, together with the network
analyzer, for optical to optical, electrical to optical and optical to
electrical measurements, or for setting up your light wave component
analyzer.

Introduction 1
General Safety Considerations
This product has been designed and tested in accordance with the
standards listed on the manufacturer’s Declaration of Conformity (see
Declaration of Conformity on page -167), and has been supplied in a safe
condition. The documentation contains information and warnings that
must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the
product in a safe condition.
Safety symbols
The caution sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure

CAUTION which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to
or destruction of the product. Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until
the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
The warning sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure

WARNING which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or
loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning sign until the indicated
conditions are fully understood and met.
Instrument markings
The instruction manual symbol. The product is marked with this

warning symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the
instructions in the manual.
The laser radiation symbol. This warning symbol is marked on

products which have a laser output.
The Off-On symbols are used to mark the positions of the

instrument power operating switch.

1 Introduction
The recycling symbol indicates the general ease with which the
instrument can be recycled.
The C-Tick mark is the certification mark of the Australian

Communications Authority.
The CE mark is the conformity marking of the

European Community.
The CSA mark is a the certification mark of the Canadian

Standards Association.
If this product is not used as specified, the protection provided by the

WARNING equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a normal
condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.
No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified service

WARNING personnel. To prevent electrical shock do not remove covers.
This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with protective earth). The

WARNING mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a
protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor
inside or outside of the instrument is likely to make the instrument
dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

Introduction 1
To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the instrument from mains

WARNING before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to
clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.
Using controls or adjustments or performing procedures other than

WARNING those specified in the documentation supplied with your equipment can
result in hazardous radiation exposure.
This product complies with over-voltage Category II and Pollution

CAUTION Degree 2.
Ventilation requirements: When installing the product in a cabinet, the

CAUTION convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The
ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the
maximum operating temperature of the product by 4 °C for every
100 watts dissipated in the cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the
cabinet is greater than 800 watts, then forced convection must be used.
Install the instrument so that the power switch is readily identifiable and
CAUTION is easily reached by the operator. This is the instrument disconnecting
device. It disconnects the mains circuit from the mains supply before
other parts of the instrument. Alternatively, an externally installed switch
or circuit breaker (which is readily identifiable and is easily reached by
the operator) may be used as a disconnecting device.
Always use the three-prong AC power cord supplied with this

CAUTION instrument. Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this
cord may cause instrument damage.

1 Introduction
This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply
CAUTION voltage is within the specified range.
Initial safety information
The laser source used in the Lightwave Component Analyzer is classified

as Class 1M according to IEC 60825-1 (2007).
All laser sources comply with 21 CFR 1040.10 except for deviations
pursuant to Laser Notice No. 50, dated 2007-06-24.
Laser Safety
Laser class 1M label
Figure 1 Class 1M Safety Label
A sheet of laser safety labels is included. In order to meet the requirements

of IEC 60825-1 we recommend that you stick the laser safety labels, in
your language, onto a suitable location on the outside of the instrument
where they are clearly visible to anyone using the instrument.

Introduction 1
Table 1
N4373E
#100, #102 #101, #102
Laser Wavelength range 1310 ± 20 nm 1550 ± 20 nm
Laser Type DFB DFB
Laser Class according to IEC 60825-1 1M 1M
Max. permissible CW output power of LCA* < 15 mW < 15 mW
Max. permissible CW output power 52 mW 163 mW
Numerical aperture 0.1 0.1
Beam waist diameter <10 μm <10 μm
* CW output power is defined as the highest possible optical output power that the laser source
can produce at the output connector
Please pay attention to the following laser safety warnings:

WARNING
• Under no circumstances look into the end of an optical cable attached
to the optical output when the device is operational.The laser
radiation can seriously damage your eyesight.
• Do not enable the laser when there is no fiber attached to the optical
output connector.
• The laser is enabled by the software or by pressing the laser switch on
the front panel. The laser is on when the green LED above the switch
is lit.
• The use of the instruments, such as microscopes or spectacles, with
this product will increase the hazard to your eyes.
• The laser module has built-in safety circuitry which will disable the
optical output in the case of a fault condition.
• Refer servicing only to qualified and authorized personnel

1 Introduction
Line power requirements
The Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer complies with

CAUTION over-voltage category II and can operate from the single-phase AC
power source that supplies between 100 V and 240 V at a frequency in
the range 50 to 60 Hz. The maximum power consumption of the optical
test set is 40 VA with all options installed.
Please refer to the documentation for your network analyzer for
information on its line power requirements.
Line power connectors
In accordance with international safety standards, the instrument has a

three- wire power cable. When connected to an appropriate AC power
receptacle, this cable earths the instrument cabinet. The type of power
cable shipped with each instrument depends on the country of destination.
Please refer to Power Cords on page -176 for the part numbers of
available power cables.
To avoid the possibility of injury or death, you must observe the following
WARNING precautions before switching on the instrument.
• Insert the power cable plug only into a socket outlet provided with a
protective earth contact. Do not use an extension cord without a
protective conductor. Using an extension cord without a protective
conductor means the instrument is not earthed.
• Do not interrupt the protective earth connection intentionally.
• Do not remove protective covers. Operating personnel must not
remove instrument covers. Component replacement and internal
adjustments must be made only by qualified service personnel.
• Instruments that appear damaged or defective should be made
inoperative and secured against unintended operation until they can
be repaired by qualified service personnel.
• Defective, damaged, or malfunctioning instruments must be returned
to an Keysight Technologies Service Center.
Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or
fumes. Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment
constitutes a definite safety hazard.

Introduction 1
Environmental information
This product is intended for indoor use only.

This product complies with the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) marking
requirements. The affixed label indicates that you must not discard this
electrical/electronic product in domestic household waste.
Product Category: With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE
Directive Annex I, this product is classed as a "Monitoring and Control
instrumentation" product.
Do not dispose in domestic household waste.
To return unwanted products, contact your local Keysight
office, or see about
https://about.keysight.com/en/companyinfo/environment/ta
keback.shtml for more information.

1 Introduction
Optical Test Set Front and Rear Panels
2-port PNA version
10 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Figure 2 Front Panel
For further information on the front panel of the network analyzer, please
refer to the documentation supplied with the network analyzer.

Introduction 1
1 Power switch Turns on the optical test set.

To turn on the PNA, press the PNA's power key.
2 Port A Caution: Be sure you do not exceed the RF

power values and DC levels noted on the front
panel of the instrument.
This is the input port of the optical test set. It is
used to connect the optical test set to the PNA.
3 Laser switch Press the switch to turn the laser on (LED on),
and off (LED off).
The laser can also be switched on and off from
the LCA Measurement Setup Macro (in the LCA
System Settings menu), or remotely.
This switch overrides other.
Pressing this switch during a measurement will
invalidate your results.
4 Optical Output Warning: Laser Radiation can damage your

eyesight! Refer to Laser Safety on page -14
for safety instructions.
This is the output of the optical transmitter of
the lightwave component analyzer.
5 Optical Input 1 Caution: Do not apply more than +7 dBm

(low power) (maximum safe average input power).
This input is the standard optical input to the
optical test set for optical powers up to +4 dBm.
6 Optical Input 2 Caution: Do not apply more than

(high power) +17 dBm (maximum safe average input power).
This is the input to use if your peak optical input
power is between +4 dBm and +14 dBm.
This input has reduced sensitivity.
7 Port B Output port of the optical test set. It is used to

connect the optical test set to the PNA.

1 Introduction
8 Function keys Used to control the Lightwave Component

Analyzer.
Press the [Macro/Local] Utility button on the
network analyzer to display the LCA function
keys.
• : Setup an LCA Measurement
• : Perform a single sweep

measurement with the current
measurement setup
• : Perform continuous sweep

measurements with the current
measurement setup
• : Start the optical power meter
• : Start the LCA server (if not

already running)
9 Network analyzer Port 2 This is an S parameter measurement port of the

network analyzer.
Depending on the S parameters of the
measurement this can be either an RF input or
an RF output.

network analyzer.
an RF output.

Introduction 1
4-port PNA version
9 11
10
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Figure 3 Front Panel
For further information on the front panel of the network analyzer, please
refer to the documentation supplied with the network analyzer.

1 Introduction
1 Power switch Turns on the optical test set.

To turn on the PNA, press the PNA's power key.
2 Port A Caution: Be sure you do not exceed the RF

power values and DC levels noted on the front
panel of the instrument.
This is the input port of the optical test set. It is
3 Laser switch Press the switch to turn the laser on (LED on),
and off (LED off).
The laser can also be switched on and off from
the LCA Measurement Setup Macro (in the LCA
System Settings menu), or remotely.
This switch overrides other.
Pressing this switch during a measurement will
invalidate your results.
4 Optical Output Warning: Laser Radiation can damage your

eyesight! Refer to Laser Safety on page -14
for safety instructions.
This is the output of the optical transmitter of
the lightwave component analyzer.
5 Optical Input 1 Caution: Do not apply more than +7 dBm

(low power) (maximum safe average input power).
This input is the standard optical input to the
optical test set for optical powers up to +4 dBm.
6 Optical Input 2 Caution: Do not apply more than

(high power) +17 dBm (maximum safe average input power).
This is the input to use if your peak optical input
power is between +4 dBm and +14 dBm.
This input has reduced sensitivity.
7 Port B This is the output port of the optical test set. It is


Introduction 1
8 Function keys Used to control the Lightwave Component

Analyzer.
Press the [Macro/Local] Utility button on the
network analyzer to display the LCA function
keys under Macro 1 group.
• : Setup an LCA Measurement
• : Perform a single sweep

measurement with the current
measurement setup
• : Perform continuous sweep

measurements with the current
measurement setup
• : Start the optical power meter
• : Start the LCA server (if not

already running)

network analyzer.
an RF output.

network analyzer.
an RF output.

network analyzer.
an RF output.

network analyzer.
an RF output.

1 Introduction
Rear panel
1 2 3
Figure 4 Rear Panel
For information on the rear panel of the network analyzer, please refer to
the documentation supplied with the network analyzer.
1 USB The software on the network analyzer uses the

USB port to control the optical test set.
2 External Input Plug in an external laser source.
3 Line power cable Plug in your power cable here.

connector
4 Line fuse Replace only with same type. See Replacing

the Fuse on page -133.

User’s Guide
2 Setting Up the
Instrument
Unpacking the Lightwave Component Analyzer / 26
Mounting the Test Set and the Network Analyzer / 28
Setting Up the Lightwave Component Analyzer / 34
2 Getting Started
Unpacking the Lightwave Component Analyzer
Unpack your shipment.

• Inspect the shipping containers for damage.
• Inspect the instruments.
• Verify that you received the options and accessories that you ordered.
Keep the shipping containers and cushioning material until you have
inspected the contents of the shipment for completeness and have
checked the equipment mechanically and electrically.
The shipment should contain
• 1x network-analyzer depending on the option selected
• 1x N4373E optical test set
• 2x 85058-60121 test port adapter
• 3x 81000NI optical adapter
• 1x 8121-1242 USB cable
• 1x 0960-3245 Keyboard
• 1x 0960-3248 Mouse
• 1x E5525-10285 UK 6 report
• 1x 4373E-90A01 Setup Guide
• 1x 4373B-90CD1 Support CD
• 2x Local power cord
• 1x RoHS addendum for Photonic T&M Accessories
• 1x RoHS addendum for Photonic T&M products
Additional, option dependent shipping contents:
• -021 straight connector
• 2x N4373-87907 0.5m FC/APC - FC/PC patch cord
• 1x 1005-0256 FC/FC feedthrough adapter
• -022 angled connector
• 2x N4373-87906 0.5m FC/APC - FC/APC patch cord
• 1x 1005-1027 FC/FC feedthrough adapter for narrow key
• -050 external optical source input
• 1x PMF patch cord 1.0 m FC/APC narrow key
• 1x 08154-61723 optical adapter FC (equivalent to 81000NI)

Getting Started 2
• 43.5/50 GHz LCA

• N5224B or N5225B NA according to ordered option
• 3x 85133-60043 f-m flexible test port MW cable (4-port network
analyzer) or 2x 85133-60043 f-m flexible test port MW cable
(2-port network analyzer)
• 1x 85056-60006 (2.4 mm f-f adapter)
• 67 GHz LCA
• N5227B NA according to ordered option
• 3x N4697-60030 f-m flexible test port MW cable (4-port network
analyzer) or 2x N4697-60030 f-m flexible test port MW cable
(2-port network analyzer)
• 1x N5520B-FG (1.85 mm f-f adapter)
(Mounting Kit part number N4373-88701)
• 2x 0403-1166 Adjustable Foot 65.0 mm
• 6x 0515-0433 Screw Torx-T20 M4X0.7 8mm
• 4x 0515-2317 Screw Torx-T15 M3.5X0.6 12mm
• 2x 83427-21274 Sidebar
• 2x 83427-40072 Trim Sidebar
• 2x N4373-25271 Bracket Adapter
• 1x N4373-25290 Bracket Rear Right
• 1x N4373-25291 Bracket Rear Left
Refer also to the contents list of the network analyzer.
If anything is missing or defective, contact your nearest Keysight
Technologies sales office. If the shipment was damaged, contact the
carrier, then contact the nearest Keysight Technologies sales office.

2 Getting Started
Mounting the Test Set and the Network Analyzer
Preparing the Test Head
1 Use a Torx T15 screwdriver and the screws 0515-2317 to mount the
left and right bracket adapter N4373-25271 to the rear side of the test
head.
2 Use the screws 0515-0433 and a Torx T20 screwdriver to attach the
rear brackets N4373-25290 and N4373-25291 to the right and left
bracket adapter.

Getting Started 2
3 Turn the test head on its side and use a Pozidrive size 2 screwdriver to
mount the adjustable feet 0403-1166 to the left and right brackets.
4 Turn the test head back to its normal position.

2 Getting Started
Preparing the Network Analyzer
5 Turn the Network Analyzer on its side. Unlock the feet to remove them
from the bottom of the network analyzer.
6 Using a Torx T20 screwdriver, remove the 2 lower rear feet from the
rear panel of the network analyzer

Getting Started 2
Mounting the Network Analyzer on the Test Head
The network analyzer and Lightwave Component Analyzer module are

CAUTION assembled as one analyzer unit. Lifting this instrument requires two
people using proper lifting techniques. For the combined weight, please
consult the specifications (see General Characteristics on page -161,
and the user’s documentation for the network analyzer).
7 Put the network analyzer on top of the test head and align it with the
mounting slots of the rear brackets.
8 Use the Torx T20 screwdriver and the screws 0515-1619 to connect
the network analyzer and left and right rear brackets.

2 Getting Started
9 Use a Torx T20 screwdriver to attach the side bars 83427-21274 with
the screws 0515-1269 to the left and right sides of the two
instruments.

Getting Started 2
10 Attach the adhesive trim covers to the left and right side bars to cover
the screws.
11 Use the 13mm wrench to level the adjustable feet to the other feet of
the test head. Use the upper nuts to lock the feet in place.

2 Getting Started
Setting Up the Lightwave Component Analyzer
1 Unpack and inspect the contents as described in Unpacking the

Lightwave Component Analyzer on page 26.
2 Skip to step 3. if the PNA does not include a configurable test set.
• On the receiver side (Port 2 on a 2-port PNA, Port 4 on a 4-port
PNA), pull the cable guard off the front panel.
• Use the 8 mm torque wrench from the calibration kit (0.90 Nm/ 8
lb.-in, part number 8710-1765) to remove the top two rigid cables
from the connectors.
• Re-connect the rigid cables in a vertical position and fasten them

using the same torque wrench as before.

Getting Started 2
Before you move the system or return it to a service center, make sure
NOTE you
• put the rigid cables back into the horizontal position and
• reattach the cable guard.
3 Remove the dust cover from Port B on the optical test set.
4 Attach the female to female adapter (part number 85058-60121) to
Port B.
5 Screw the adapter finger-tight to Port B without rotating it.
6 Holding the adapter with the spanner wrench from the calibration kit
(part number 08513-20014), use the 20mm torque wrench from the
calibration kit (0.90 N.m/8 lb.in, part number 8710-1764) to tighten
the adapter.
For information on handling, calibrating or cleaning RF connectors,

NOTE please refer to the “User’s and Service Guide Keysight Technologies
N4697E/F 1.85 mm Flexible Cables for Test Ports”, available on the
Keysight website.
For further information on the Adapter, please refer to the “User’s and
Service Guide Keysight Technologies 85130H Rugged 1.85 mm to
1.85 mm Adapter Kit”.
Always rotate the nut and never the female to female adapter.
CAUTION
Rotating the adapter can damage the electrical interface of the adapter
and the connector on the optical test set.

2 Getting Started
For information on handling using and maintaining the flexible test port
NOTE cables, please refer to the Operating and Service Manual, Keysight
N4697E/F NMD-1.85 mm -f- to 1.85 mm Flexible Test Port Return
Cables (part no. N4697-90001).
7 Remove the dust cover from Port 2 of the 2-port network analyzer, or
from Port 4 of the 4-port network analyzer. Remove the dust cover
from both ends of the flexible test port cable (part number
N4697-60030 or 85133-60043).
8 Connect the test port cable finger-tight to Port B on the optical test set
without rotating the female to female adapter. Connect the other end
to Port 2 of the 2-port network analyzer or, respectively, to Port 4 of
the 4-port network analyzer.
9 Holding the adapter with the spanner wrench, use the 20 mm torque
wrench from the calibration kit to tighten both connections.

Getting Started 2
10 Repeat step 3. to step 9. to connect Port A on the optical test set to

Port 1 on the network analyzer.
11 Remove the dust cap from the Optical Output.
12 Remove the dust cap from the optical patch cord.
13 Connect the optical patch cord.
14 Repeat step 11 to step 13 for the optical input.
Always use optical patch cords to connect to your DUT. This protects the
CAUTION connectors of the optical test set, by minimizing the number of connector
changes.
Make sure to connect only matching connector types to the optical test
CAUTION set: connecting a straight connector to an angled port, or vice versa, will
damage both interfaces.

2 Getting Started
Before you connect any fiber-optic cable to the Lightwave Component

CAUTION Analyzer, please ensure it has been properly cleaned.
Fiber-optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or
damaged cables and accessories. Improper cleaning or handling may
lead to expensive instrument repairs, damaged cables, or compromised
measurements.
15 On the rear, connect the network analyzer to the optical test set using
the supplied USB cable.
16 Connect the power cables.

17 Continue with Performance Quick Check on page -39 or Starting the
Lightwave Component Analyzer on page -52.

User’s Guide
3 Performance Quick
Check
Preparation / 40
Verifying the Optical Connections and Optical CW Operation / 43
Verifying the Electrical Connection and Electro-optical Operation / 46
This chapter shows how to:

• Verify the optical and electrical connections to the N4373E Lightwave
Component Analyzer
• Verify the performance of your N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer
• Trouble shoot, if you think there may be a malfunction
• Perform an acceptance test
Preparation
1 Turn on the network analyzer and the optical test set.

2 Allow the optical test set and the network analyzer to warm up
(refer to Measurement Conditions on page -151 for the warm up time).
3 If it is not already started, start the network analyzer application.
Consult the documentation supplied with the network analyzer if you
need help with this step.
Most performance problems are caused by damaged or dirty electrical or

NOTE optical connectors.
Before starting the performance verification procedure make sure all
electrical and optical connectors are in excellent condition.
For more information on cleaning procedures see Cleaning on page -118

for information on cleaning optical connections, and to the user guide of
the network analyzer for information on cleaning electrical connections.
For more information on handling using and maintaining the flexible test
port cables, please refer to the “User’s and Service Guide Keysight
Technologies N4697E/F 1.85 mm Flexible Cables for Test Ports”, available
on the Keysight website.
Network analyzer settings and electrical calibration
1 On the network analyzer make the following settings (depending on

your network analyzer's maximum frequency):
• Start Frequency: 10MHz, Stop Frequency: 67 GHz (50 GHz, 43.5
GHz)
• Number of points: 6700 (5000, 4350)
• IF bandwidth: 2000 Hz
• Averages: 1
• RF output power: -15 dBm
2 Select “Stepped sweep - sweep moves in discrete steps”.

Performance Quick Check 3
3 Calibrate the network analyzer electrically.

a Make sure the LCA has been returned to the electrical measurement
mode as described in Returning to Electrical Measurements on
page -74.
To meet the technical specifications, you must use the electronic

NOTE calibration module.
b Proceed with the electrical calibration as described in Electrical

calibration for single-ended measurements on page -53.
We recommend you use “Electronic Calibration Modules” for calibrating
the Network Analyzer. For more information on handling using and
maintaining “Electronic Calibration Modules”, refer to the “Reference
Guide Keysight Technologies Electronic Calibration Modules”, available on
the Keysight website.
Verifying your Electrical Calibration
Passing this test ensures that the electrical calibration is within expected
performance.
1 Follow the steps in the sections Preparation on page -40 and Network
analyzer settings and electrical calibration on page -40.
2 Connect the N5520B "1.85 mm Coaxial Adapters" (or 85056-60006
"2.4 mm Coaxial Adapters") supplied between the two N4697-60200
"1.85 mm Flexible Cables for Test Ports" (or 85133-60016 "2.4 mm
Flexible Cables for Test Ports") supplied.
3 Press the [Macro/Local utility] button until the Macro 1 group is
highlighted and you see .
4 Click to start the LCA measurement setup.

5 Select the EE Measurement tab.
6 Click .
7 Make a corrected measurement with the network analyzer.
8 Inspect the results.
• Electrical return loss S11 should be similar to S22.
• Both curves should be below -20 dB over the full measurement
range, with only low frequency dependence.

• Transmission loss S12 should be similar to S21.

• Both curves should be within +0.1 dB to -0.6 dB over the full
measurement range, with only low frequency dependence.
If the results differ from the expected values
• Visually inspect all RF connectors. If an electrical connector seems
to be damaged, contact Keysight for repair or replacement.
• Clean the RF connectors on the electronic calibration module and
on the flexible test port cables. Refer to “User’s and Service Guide
Keysight Technologies N4697E/F 1.85 mm (or 85133E/F 2.4mm)
Flexible Cables for Test Ports”, for inspection and cleaning. Make
sure the connection to the network analyzer of the two
N4697-60200 “1.85 mm (or 85133E/F 2.4mm) Flexible Cables for
Test Ports” supplied is tight.
Perform a new electrical calibration and retest.
If the problem persists contact Keysight for support.

Verifying the Optical Connections and Optical CW Operation
Passing these tests ensures that the transmitter and receiver are within
expected optical CW performance.
2 If you have option -021:
Connect the two straight-angled optical patch cords (N4373-87907) to
the optical output and input 1 (“+7 dBm”) or input 2 (“+17 dBm”). Note
that the angled connector must be attached to the optical test set.
Use the FC/PC adapter (1005-0256) to connect the straight ends of
the optical patch cords.
If you have option -022:
Connect the angled-angled optical patch cords (N4373-87906) to the
optical output and input 1 (“+7 dBm”) or input 2 (“+17 dBm”).
Use the FC/APC through adapter (1005-1027) to connect the ends of
3 Press the [Macro/Local] utility button until the Macro 1 group is
4 Press to start the LCA measurement setup.

5 Select the OO measurement tab.

6 Set the following parameters:

• If you have option 102 (Dual wavelength 1310 nm, 1550 nm), select
the appropriate wavelength for your DUTs.
• Laser power: +4 dBm
• Optical input: Input 1
• User Calibration: None
• Forward RF Power: -1 dBm
7 Click , then to set the output power.
8 Press to start optical power meter application.
9 Read the optical power from the power meter application.

The readout should be +4 dBm ± 0. 5 dB



• Laser power: -1 dBm
• Optical input: input1 (“+7 dBm max”) or input 2 (“+17 dBm max”).
15 Press to start optical power meter application.

16 Read the optical power from the power meter application.
The readout should be -1 dBm ± 0. 5 dB
If the results are not as expected
• Try cleaning the optical connectors as described in Cleaning on
page -118.
• With the laser switched off, inspect all optical connectors with a
microscope.
• If the connectors on the N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer
seem to be damaged contact Keysight for repair.
• If the connectors on the patch cord seem to be damaged contact
Keysight for replacements.
• Using an external optical power meter, you can verify that there is an
optical signal at the optical connection on the transmitter side.
If the problem persists contact Keysight for support.

Verifying the Electrical Connection and Electro-optical Operation
The following tests ensure that the internal transmitter and receiver of the
Lightwave Component Analyzer operate as expected.
2 On the network analyzer make the following settings:
• IF bandwidth: 100 Hz
• Select “Reduce IF BW at Low Frequencies”.
3 If you have option -021:
Connect the two straight-angled optical patch cords (N4373-87907) to
the optical output and input 1 (“+7 dBm”) or input 2 (“+17 dBm”). Note
that the angled connector must be attached to the optical test set.
Use the FC/PC through adapter (1005-0256) to connect the straight
ends of the optical patch cords.
If you have option -022:
Connect the angled-angled optical patch cords (N4373-87906) to the
optical output and input 1 (“+7 dBm”) or input 2 (“+17 dBm”).
Use the FC/APC through adapter (1005-1027) to connect the ends of
4 Connect the two supplied flexible test port cables to the RF ports of
the Lightwave Component Analyzer test set.



• Laser power: +4 dBm
• Optical input: input 1 (“+7 dBm max”) or input 2 (“+17 dBm max”)

10 Right click the measurement trace, and select “Autoscale All” in the
context menu.
At the end of the measurement, there should be a flat trace.
• An ideal trace might look like this:

• Please note, though, that this trace is also within specifications:
• High frequency ripple indicates a faulty electrical calibration of the

network analyzer. This can occur, for example, if the reference plane
has been chosen too far away from the DUT:

• A notch at around 35 to 40 GHz would indicate a bad RF

connection:
If the results are not as expected;

• Inspect the electrical connectors on the N4373E Lightwave
Component Analyzer and on the “Flexible Cables for Test Ports”
visually.
If electrical connectors seems to be damaged contact Keysight for
repair or replacement.
• Clean the electrical connectors on the N4373E Lightwave
Component Analyzer and on the “Flexible Cables for Test Ports.
Refer to “User’s and Service Guide Keysight Technologies N4697E/F
1.85 mm or 85133E/F 2.4mm Flexible Cables for Test Ports”, for
inspection and cleaning.
• Make sure the connection to the network analyzer of the two flexible
test port cables are tight.
Perform a new electrical calibration and retest.
If the problem persists, contact Keysight for support.
If you have option 102 (Dual wavelength 1310 nm, 1550 nm), and you are
testing at both wavelengths, repeat the performance quick check for the
second wavelength.

User’s Guide
4 Making
Measurements
Starting the Lightwave Component Analyzer / 52
Calibrating the Network Analyzer before Measurements / 53
Measuring Opto-Electrical (OE) devices / 58
Measuring Electro-Optical (EO) Devices / 68
Returning to Electrical Measurements / 74
Measuring Optical-Optical (OO) Devices / 75
Aborting a Measurement / 82
Measuring Optical Power / 83
Starting the Lightwave Component Analyzer
1 Turn on the network analyzer and the optical test set.

2 Allow the Lightwave Component Analyzer to warm up. Both the optical
test set and the network analyzer need to stabilize their internal
temperature. Please refer to Measurement Conditions on page -151 for
information on settling.
3 If it did not start automatically, click on the icon on the desktop to start
the network analyzer application.
4 If it is not already running, start the LCA server by pressing , or

by clicking the LCA server icon on the desktop. See The LCA Function
Keys on page -86 for information on displaying the LCA function keys.

Making Measurements 4
Calibrating the Network Analyzer before Measurements
About measurements
• Always make sure that, “Stepped sweep - sweep moves in discrete

steps” is selected in the sweep setup menu on the network analyzer.
• To get the best S/N ratio for your measurements, use the highest RF
power your network analyzer can output without showing a “source
unlevelled” error. This can be more then the maximum specified output
power of the network analyzer.
• Decreasing the IF bandwidth improves the S/N ratio of the
measurement. However, doing so increases the calibration and
measurement times, so a suitable IF bandwidth should be selected.
• Apply appropriate averaging or smoothing for your application.
• Always perform an electrical calibration of the network analyzer or load
an existing calibration set before making measurements.
• Before starting the electrical calibration of the network analyzer, make
sure that the LCA is in EE measurement mode.
• For electrical calibration use the default RF power for EE measurement
mode.
• After completing the electrical calibration, do not alter the IF
bandwidth, start frequency, stop frequency, measurement point
number or other settings. You may get measurement errors if you
change any of those parameters.
• For additional information please refer to "Optimize a measurement"
and "Calibrate a measurement" in the documentation of the network
analyzer.
Electrical calibration for single-ended measurements
To ensure the specified performance of the LCA, you need to perform a full
two-port electrical calibration. For this purpose we recommend using the
automated electronic calibration kit N4694A #00F or N4694A #00A.
When in EO, OE or OO measurement mode, you need to return to EE

NOTE measurement mode first before you can perform an electrical calibration.

Calibrate before you start using the Lightwave Component Analyzer

application. Alternatively, return to EE measurement mode, as described in
Returning to Electrical Measurements on page -74, to calibrate. For
calibrating the Lightwave Component Analyzer using an automated
electrical calibration module, follow these steps:
1 Set your measurement parameters.
2 From the “Calibration” menu, select “Calibration Wizard”.
3 Select “Use Electronic Calibration”, and click [Next>].
4 Select “2 Port ECal”, and click [Next>].
5 On two-port network analyzers select port 2 as "selected 2nd port".
On 4-port network analyzers select port 4 as "selected 2nd port".
6 Select “ECal Thru as Unknown”, and click [Measure].
7 After the calibration has been completed, save the calibration file.
Electrical calibration for differential OE measurements
To ensure the specified performance of the LCA, you should perform a full
three- port electrical calibration. See the Keysight website for applicable
calibration kits.
If you want to perform an OE user calibration (see page 61 for details), we
recommend executing a full four-port calibration, or a two-port calibration
between network analyzer ports 1 and 4, in addition to the three-port
calibration (see Electrical calibration for single-ended measurements on
page -53). Connect an additional RF cable (N4697-60035) to port 4.
application. Alternatively, return to EE measurement mode, as described in
Returning to Electrical Measurements on page -74, to calibrate.
We recommend you use the torque spanner (Keysight part number

NOTE 8710- 1764, 0.90 Nm, 8 lb.-in) supplied with the optical test set to
tighten all RF connections during the calibration.
For calibrating the Lightwave Component Analyzer using an automated

electrical calibration module, follow these steps:
4 Make sure “Show Advanced Settings” is selected.

5 Select “3 Port ECal”, Select 3 Port ECal Configuration according to the

screen shot. Select the appropriate ECal Module. Make sure "Show
Advanced Settings (Orientation & Thru Cal Section)" is selected,
and click the [Next>] button.

6 Select “Thru #1 and “Thru #2” according to the screen shot.
and select the appropriate Cal Kit for each port, or “ECal Thru as
Unknown”.
7 Make sure “Do orientation” is selected, and click [Next >].
8 Follow the prompts to complete the calibration:
• Connect the ECal Module to the RF Cables connected to ports 1
and 2 of the network analyzer. Click "Measure".


9 After the calibration has been completed, save the calibration file for
later reuse.
Electrical calibration for differential EO measurements

application. Alternatively, return to the EE measurement mode, as
described in Returning to Electrical Measurements on page -74, to
calibrate. For calibrating the Lightwave Component Analyzer using an
automated electrical calibration module, follow these steps:
4 Make sure “Show Advanced Settings” is selected.
5 Select “3 Port ECal”, Select 3 Port ECal Configuration according to the
screenshot. Select the appropriate ECal Module. Make sure "Show
Advanced Settings (Orientation & Thru Cal Section)" is selected,
and click the [Next>] button.

6 Select “Thru #1 and “Thru #2” according to the screenshot.

and select the appropriate Cal Kit for each port, or “ECal Thru as
Unknown”.
7 Make sure “Do orientation” is selected, and click [Next>].
8 Follow the prompts to complete the calibration:
9 After the calibration has been completed, save the calibration file for
later reuse.

Measuring Opto-Electrical (OE) devices
Always perform an electrical calibration of the network analyzer or load an

existing calibration set before you make a measurement.
For standard measurements, see Electrical calibration for single-ended
measurements on page -53.
For differential measurements, see Electrical calibration for differential OE
measurements on page -54.
For OE measurements the single-ended (SE), logical port 1 is assigned to
physical port 1 and the balanced (BAL), logical port 2 is assigned to the
physical ports 2 and 3.
For OE measurements, the LCA sets up traces for S22, S21, S33, S31 by
default.
For more information, see Differential Measurements (applies to 4-port
PNA only) on page -110.
Before you make your first opto-electrical measurement, you must
initialize the OE measurement. You can see which measurement is
currently initialized at the top left of the trace screen.

If you have already initialized the OE measurement, you can connect your
device under test and make the measurement by pressing or

.
Please refer to the user’s guide and online help of the network analyzer for
further information.
Initializing the OE measurement
1 Press .
2 Select the “OE Measurement” tab.
3 If necessary, select a Differential or Single-Ended Measure Mode,

depending on the type of your DUT.
4 Select the wavelength at which you are testing.
If you want to use external laser sources, select the optional External
Input, and enter the wavelength of the external source.

5 Set the power of the laser to be applied to the test circuit.

If you are using the external source input, enter the value for the power
emitted by the LCA optical output port. (Use an external power meter,
or the LCA power meter to measure the optical power). The optical
power is also displayed at the bottom of the LCA measurement setup
screen.
6 If you are running measurements in an unstable environment, or need
extra accuracy or long term stability, make sure to select “EverySweep”
or “Continuous” for Modulator Optimization.
Please note, optimizing every sweep adds about 1 second to each
measurement.
"Continuous" modulator bias optimization superimposes a 10 kHz pilot
tone onto the signal. This improves the short and long term stability of
the modulator operating point.
The pilot tone will affect measurements with IF bandwidth settings of
the network analyzer >1.5 kHz.
For IF bandwidth settings of the network analyzer >3 kHz we
recommend setting modulator bias optimization to "Every Sweep" or
"Once". Using “Continuous” modulator bias optimization slightly
affects the internal transmitter calibration. We recommend you include
a “User Calibration” in your setup (see the section “User Calibration”
under LCA System Settings on page -92) if you are not using
“Continuous” modulator bias optimization.
The system is calibrated with a default setting. You can determine the
default setting by going to the "Tools" page, choosing “Reset UI”, and
pressing “Run”.

7 If you need to deembed optical components, such as attenuators, fiber

optic cables or splitters, located between the laser output and your
device under test, open and enable the “Optical Path Deembedding”.
Here you can enter the parameters of the optical path directly.
If you already have an .s2p file for your device, set "Deembedding
Data" to "File" and enter or select the .s2p file name.

• For accurate measurements, you can also perform a user

calibration. To do so, remove the DUT and close the optical path
again. Then set "User Calibration" to "Measure" to perform a
measurement of the optical path. Alternatively, select "Load" to
recall an existing calibration.
8 If you need to deembed electrical components, such as RF cables,
waveguide or other adapters, or probe heads, located between the
device under test and the input port, open and enable the "RF Path
Deembedding".

Enter or select the file name.

9 Select the appropriate type of user calibration for your measurement:
• In many cases, a User Calibration is not needed, so select "None".
The LCA measures to specifications under the standard conditions.
• The frequency dependent transmission behavior of optical
transmitters cannot be characterized as accurately as the behavior
of receivers. So for improved results at lower frequencies, select
“Measure”.
• If you want to reuse an existing user calibration, select “Load”, and
select the calibration file from the Windows Explorer window.
Optical and electrical path deembedding is not applied during a user

NOTE calibration.
10 Click to start the measurement preparation.

If "User Calibration" mode is set to "Measure" the following screen is
displayed:

a A user calibration requires a valid electrical calibration between

ports 1 and 2 for two-port network analyzers or ports 1 and 4 for
four-port network analyzers, respectively. If you want to use a
different electrical calibration for the user calibration measurement
and for the DUT measurement, "Electrical Calibration" can be used
as the user calibration measurement in the "CalSet for User
Calibration" combo box. If you have performed a four-port electrical
calibration before, use this one, otherwise select the corresponding
two-port calibration. The selected electrical calibration will only be
used for the user calibration measurement. Afterwards the LCA
returns to the currently activated electrical calibration for the DUT
measurements. The currently activated electrical calibration is
preselected in the "CalSet for User Calibration" combo box. This
preselection is fine and you have nothing to do if the same electrical
calibration is used for the user calibration measurement and for the
DUT measurement.
b Select “Reduce IF-BW for user calibration measurement” to reduce
noise on the user calibration data. The default bandwidth reduction
factor is defined in the LCAConfig.xml file.
c Click to proceed.
d Choose whether you want to save the calibration data for later use.

Making single-ended OE measurements
1 Connect your device under test as illustrated below:
2 When the following message is displayed, click "Single" or

"Continuous" to start the first measurement.

To make further measurements with these settings, press or
to start the measurement.

For information on further parameters, please refer to User Interface
Reference on page -85.
Making differential OE measurements (applies to 4-port PNA only)
1 Connect your device under test.
2 When the following message is displayed, select "Single" or

"Continuous" to start the first measurement:

3 To make further measurements with these settings, press click
or to start the measurement.


Measuring Electro-Optical (EO) Devices

existing calibration file before you make a measurement.
For standard measurements, see
Electrical calibration for single-ended measurements on page -53.
For differential measurements, see
Electrical calibration for differential EO measurements on page -56.
For EO measurements, the single-ended (SE), logical port 1 is assigned to
physical port 4 and the balanced (BAL), logical port 2 is assigned to
physical ports 2 and 3.
For EO measurements the LCA sets up traces for S22, S42, S33, S43 by
default. For more information, see
Differential Measurements (applies to 4-port PNA only) on page -110.
Before you make your first electro-optical measurement, you must switch
to EO measurement mode. You can see which measurement is currently
initialized at the top left of the trace screen.

If you have already initialized the EO measurement, you can connect your
device under test and start the measurement by pressing or
.
Initializing the EO measurement
1 Press .
2 Select the “EO Measurement” tab.
3 On a 4-port LCA, select Differential or Single-Ended Measure Mode,

depending on the type of your DUT.
4 Select the optical input you are using.
5 Select or enter the wavelength at which you are testing.
optic cables or splitters, located between your device under test and
the optical input, open and enable “Optical Path Deembedding”.
Here you can enter the parameters of the optical path directly

For accurate measurements, you can also perform a user calibration.

To do so, remove the DUT and close the optical path again. Then set
"User Calibration" to "Measure" to perform a measurement of the
optical path. Alternatively, select "Load" to recall an existing
calibration.

7 If you need to deembed electrical components, such as RF cables,

waveguide or other adapters, or probe heads, located between the
output port and your device under test, open and enable the “RF Path
Deembedding”.
8 If you are using a 75 Ohm minimum loss pad, enable the RF Path
Deembedding, and make sure 75 Ohm is selected.
Enter or select the file with the characterization of the minimum loss
pad.

Making single-ended EO measurements

3 To make further measurements with these settings, press or


Making differential EO measurements



Returning to Electrical Measurements
Before you measure purely electrical devices with the network analyzer, or
perform an electrical calibration, you need to switch to "EE Measurement"
mode.
Initializing the EE Measurement as described here removes all the fixturing
information in the network analyzer that is specific to the optical test set.
Also, the RF power on all ports is set to the power specified for “Reverse
RF Power [dBm]"
The recommended settings for Forward and Reverse RF power depend

NOTE on the type of your network analyzer. See RF Power on page -98.
1 Press .
2 Make sure the “EE Measurement” tab is selected.
3 Click .

Measuring Optical-Optical (OO) Devices

existing calibration set before you make a measurement. For standard
measurements, see Electrical calibration for single-ended measurements
on page -53.
Before you make your first optical-optical measurement, you must switch
to OO measurement mode. You can see which measurement is currently
initialized at the top left of the trace screen.
If you have already initialized the OO measurement, you can connect your
device under test and start the measurement by pressing or
.
Initializing the OO measurement
1 Click .
2 Select the “OO Measurement” tab.

3 Select the optical input you want to use.

4 Select the wavelength at which you are testing.
If you want to use external laser sources, select the optional External
Input, and enter the wavelength of the external source.
5 Set the power of the laser to be applied to the test circuit.
If you are using the external source input, enter the value for the power
emitted by the LCA optical output port. (Use an external power meter,
or the LCA power meter to measure the optical power).
6 If you are running measurements in an unstable environment, or need
extra accuracy or long term stability, make sure to select “EverySweep”
or “Continuous” for Modulator Optimization.
Please note, optimizing every sweep adds about 1 second to each
measurement.
"Continuous" modulator bias optimization superimposes a 10 kHz pilot
tone onto the signal. This improves the short and long term signal
stability of the modulator operating point.
The pilot tone will affect measurements with IF bandwidth settings of
the network analyzer >1.5 kHz.
For IF bandwidth settings of the network analyzer >3 kHz we
recommend setting modulator bias optimization to "Every Sweep" or
"Once". Not using “Continuous” modulator bias optimization affects
the accuracy of the internal transmitter calibration. We recommend

you include a “User Calibration” in your setup (see the section “User
Calibration” under LCA System Settings on page -92) if you are not
using “Continuous” modulator bias optimization.
The system is calibrated with a default setting. You can determine the
default setting by going to the “Tools” page, choosing “Default”, and
pressing “Run”.
optic cables or splitters, located between the laser output and your
device under test, open and enable the “Optical Path Deembedding”.
Here you can enter the parameters of the optical path directly.

8 Select the appropriate type of user calibration for your measurement:

• In many cases, a User Calibration is not needed, so select "None".
The LCA measures to specifications under the standard conditions.
• The frequency dependent transmission behavior of optical
transmitters cannot be characterized as accurately as the behavior
of receivers. So for improved results at lower frequencies, select
“Measure”.
• If you want to reuse an existing user calibration, select “Load”, and
select the calibration file from the Windows Explorer window.
Optical and electrical path deembedding is not applied during a user

NOTE calibration.

If "User Calibration" mode is set to "Measure" the following screen is
displayed:

a If you want to use a different electrical calibration for the user

calibration measurement and for the DUT measurement, "Electrical
Calibration" can be used as the user calibration measurement in the
"CalSet for User Calibration" combo box.
This electrical calibration will only be used for the “user calibration”
measurements. Afterwards the LCA returns to the currently
activated electrical calibration for the DUT measurements.
The currently activated electrical calibration is preselected in the
"CalSet for User Calibration" combo box. This preselection is fine
and you have nothing to do if the same electrical calibration is used
for the user calibration measurement and for the DUT measurement.
b Select “Reduce IF-BW for user calibration measurement” to reduce
noise on the user calibration data. The default bandwidth reduction
factor is defined in the LCAConfig.xml file.
c Click to proceed.
d Choose whether you want to save the calibration data for later use.

Making OO measurements




Aborting a Measurement
In some cases it can become difficult to abort continuous measurements

by pressing the "Continuous" or "Single" button, since the network
analyzer does not react to the keypad during measurements. Abort the
measurement with the "Abort Measurement" button in the LCA Server
window. For more information on triggering measurements, see
Triggering Concepts on page -114.

Measuring Optical Power
Press to measure the average optical power.

The optical power meter uses either the same Optical Input as the most
recent measurement setup, or the input specified on the “Tools” tab. To
set the optical input using the “Tools” tab, follow these steps:
1 Press .
2 Select Input 2 as the Optical Input under Receiver on the “Tools” tab.
3 Under Receiver on the “Tools” tab, specify the receiver wavelength.
The optical power is also displayed at the bottom of LCA measurement

NOTE setup screen.

User’s Guide
5 User Interface
Reference
The LCA Function Keys / 86
Default and Advanced Measurement Parameters / 88
Saving and Loading Setups / 89
The Measurement Parameters / 91
The LCA Function Keys
1 If the LCA server is running, but the function keys are not displayed,
press the [Macro/Local] Utility key until Macro 1 group is shown:
• : Brings the LCA user interface to the foreground, to setup

an LCA measurement.
• : Perform a single sweep measurement with the current

measurement setup.
Pressing this function key when a single or continuous measurement is
running, stops this measurement and starts a new, single sweep
measurement.
• : Perform continuous measurement sweeps with the current

measurement setup.
Pressing this function key during a single or continuous measurement,
stops the measurement.
• : Start the optical power monitor. This uses the current

measurement setup to determine the wavelength and the optical input
for which the average optical power is measured.

User Interface Reference 5
• : If it is not already running, this starts the LCA server. If it

is already running, it brings the server to the foreground.
• : With the LCA SCPI Configurator you can configure the

SCPI connection interface (socket or USB) and start or stop the SCPI
interface.
The LCA SCPI Interface does not start automatically. To enable control
of the LCA using SCPI commands you have to start the LCA SCPI
interface manually.
To launch the LCA SCPI Configurator, you may either press the "LCA
SCPI Configuration" button in the network analyzer GUI macro list
under "Utilities", or use the shortcut "LCA SCPI Configuration" which
you can find on the desktop or in the program menu.
For information on further function keys, please refer to the documentation
supplied with the network analyzer.
After completing the “LCA Measurement Setup” step, the network

NOTE analyzer is ready for DUT measurements.
Because the receiver responsivity depends on the optical power, you
should start the DUT measurements with the LCA “Single” or
“Continuous” macros.
These macros perform an optical power measurement prior to each
measurement sweep. This achieves the highest accuracy in EO and OO
measurements.
If you do not need this accuracy, you can also start the DUT
measurements with the network analyzer's trigger functions.
In some cases it can become difficult to abort continuous measurements
by pressing the "Continuous" or "Single" button, since the network
analyzer does not react to the keypad during measurements. In that case,
abort the measurement with the "Abort Measurement" button in the LCA
Server window.For more information on triggering measurements, see
Triggering Concepts on page -114.

Default and Advanced Measurement Parameters
Use the default parameters for EO, OE and OO measurements of devices

with a simple stimulus and response path. This includes devices like
sources, receivers or amplifiers.
Use the advanced parameters for more comprehensive control of your
measurements.

Saving and Loading Setups
Saving setups
A setup contains the current state of the LCA user interface and optionally
also the current state of the network analyzer. Setups are stored as
XML-files or as compressed XML-files.
The settings on the “Tools” tab are not saved in the setup, since the
settings shown on this tab always reflect the current state of the LCA
hardware. After loading the setup the LCA system is configured to press
“Start” from the LCA user interface.
There are two ways of saving setups.
First saving method
Click to save the current setup.
• If user calibration mode is set to “Measure” (only possible for OE and
OO measurements), you are asked to specify the electrical calibration
set to be saved with the setup.
This is the electrical calibration set to be used during user calibration
measurements.
Only a link to the electrical calibration set is saved, not the calibration
data itself.
For more details, see Measuring Opto-Electrical (OE) devices on
page -58 or Measuring Optical-Optical (OO) Devices on page -75.
• If User Calibration is set to “Load” (only possible for OE and OO
measurements), you will be asked to specify which user calibration file
should be loaded.
The filename of the calibration data is saved with the setup, not the
calibration data itself.
Second saving method
After initializing with the User Calibration mode set to “Measure”, you are
asked if you want to save the user calibration data and/or the LCA Setup.

Check “Also save the LCA Setup” if you want to save the LCA setup. Then
choose between “Load” and “Measure” to specify the user calibration
mode to save with the setup.
• If you selected “Load”, the “No” button is disabled to force you to store
the measured user calibration data.
After you press “Yes”, you are asked to specify the filename for the user
calibration data and the filename of the LCA setup.
Only the filename of the user calibration data is saved with the setup.
• If you selected “Measure”, it is also possible to press the “No” button. In
this case only the LCA setup is saved.
If you press “Yes”, you are asked for the filename of the LCA setup. The
name of the electrical calibration set just used for this user calibration
measurement will be saved in the LCA setup.
Before the LCA saves the setup, it asks you whether you want to save the
network analyzer state with your LCA setup.
Loading setups
Click to retrieve an existing setup.

• After loading a setup with user calibration mode set to “Measure”, the
electrical calibration set specified in this setup is preselected in the
optical connection dialog shown during OE or OO initialization.
This is different to the behavior when doing OE or OO initialization
without loading a setup.
• After loading a setup with user calibration mode set to “Load”, the
specified calibration file is preselected in the load dialog asking you for
the calibration data file during OE or OO initialization.

The Measurement Parameters
Measure Mode
A 2-port network analyzer can only support single-ended measurements.

Selecting the Measure Mode is only possible if you have a 4-port network
analyzer.
Differential
If you select this mode, means the LCA uses a differential electrical input
or output for this measurement.
Whether the differential signal is the input to the DUT or the output from
the DUT, this uses ports 2 and 3 of a four port network analyzer.
Single-Ended
If you select this mode, the LCA uses a single-ended electrical input or
output for this measurement.
The electrical input to the DUT is Port 1 of the network analyzer.
The electrical output from the DUT is Port 2 on a two-port network
analyzer or, respectively, Port 4 on a four-port network analyzer.

LCA System Settings
Wavelength (nm)
• If you have not selected to use the optional External Input, select the
wavelength of the laser source and the optical power meter use for
measurements.
• If you have selected to use the External Input, you can enter the
wavelength of the external source here. This wavelength is used by the
optical power meter.
Power [dBm]
Set the optical output power of the internal laser source.
If you select to use the optional External Input, enter the average optical
output power at the LCA transmitter output connector.
Laser On
This control, which overrides the default behavior of the Lightwave
Component Analyzer, is only enabled in Advanced mode and if you have
not selected to use the optional External Input.
Select to turn the laser source on for the following LCA measurement.
Deselect to turn the laser source off for the following LCA measurement.
External Input
This control is only active for lightwave component analyzers equipped
with an optional external optical input.
• Select to use a laser source connected to the external input (on the rear
of the optical test set.
• Deselect to use the laser source in the optical test set.

Optical Input
Select the input to which your device under test is connected.
• For input signals up to +7 dBm (calibrated up to+5 dBm), use Input 1.
• For input signals up to +17 dBm (calibrated up to+15 dBm), use
Input 2.
User Calibration
Select the calibration data you want to use.
• None uses the factory calibration data only (no additional user
calibration data is used).
• Measure runs an extra calibration measurement step during the
measurement setup.
Before running the first measurement, you need to ensure the
instrument has a valid electrical calibration, as described in Calibrating
the Network Analyzer before Measurements on page -53.
At the end of this calibration measurement, you can save the
calibration data.
This calibration is only used for the measurement setup for which it is
specified.
• Load prompts you to load data from a file saved as part of a previous
user calibration measurement.
Modulator Optimization
Select to how the modulator bias is to be optimized.
• Select “Once” to automatically optimize the modulator bias at the first
measurement after the measurement parameters have been set.
This is sufficient for most measurements unless the tester is subject to
large changes in environmental conditions.
• Select “EverySweep” to optimize at the start of everymeasurement
sweep.
This increases accuracy, but also increases measurement times.
This is the default modulator bias optimization mode, and is used to
calibrate and verify the instrument.
• Select “Continuous” to optimize while the measurement is running.
With “Continuous” modulator bias optimization, a 10 kHz pilot tone is
applied to the signal. This improves the short and long term signal
stability of the modulator working point.
The pilot tone will affect measurements with IFBW settings of the
network analyzer >1.5 kHz.

For IFBW settings of the network analyzer >3 kHz were commended
you do not use “Continuous” modulator bias optimization, Use "Every
Sweep" or "Once" instead.
Forward RF Power [dBm]
Sets the RF power level for the source port(s).
Optical Path Deembedding
Enable
Select if you want the LCA to compensate for the optical connections to
the DUT.
Deembedding Data
Select how you want to specify the characteristics of the optical path.
• Parameter lets you characterize the source or receiver optical path by
its length and refractive index, and attenuation.
• Length (m) and Refractive Index can only be used together. That is,
you cannot give a value just for the refractive index or just the length.
The value for the Refractive Index of a single-mode fiber is typically
1.467 at 1310 nm and 1.468 at 1550 nm.
The value for the Refractive Index of a graded index multi-mode fiber is
1.49 for 62.5 μm at 850 nm, 1.475 for 50 μm at 850 nm and 1.465 for
50 μm at 1300 nm.
• Attenuation (dB) can be used alone, or with the values for length and
refractive index.
• File lets you use the results of a measurement of the optical path to
characterize the source or receiver optical path.

These results need to be in the form of a 2-port S-parameter data files

(also known as Touchstone .s2p data files).
Only the s21 values of the file are used for correction of the transmission
properties. All other parameters are ignored.
To assign a file,
1 Click at the right of the field to which you want to assign a file.
2 Locate and select the file in the explorer window.
RF Path Deembedding
Enable
Select if you want the LCA to compensate for the RF connections to the
DUT.
Use the results of a measurement of the RF path to characterize the
source or receiver RF path.

• For Single-Ended measurements, Src 1 corresponds to the path to

network analyzer Port 1, and Rcv 1 corresponds to the path to Port 2 on
a two-port network analyzer or, respectively, to Port 4 on a four-port
network analyzer.
• For Differential measurements, Src 1 corresponds to the path to Port 2
(on the network analyzer), Src 2 corresponds to the path to Port 3 (on
the network analyzer), Rcv 1 corresponds to the path to Port 2 (on the
network analyzer), Rcv 2 corresponds to the path to Port 3 (on the
network analyzer).
The results need to be in the form of a 2-port S-parameter data file (also
known as Touchstone .s2p data files). All the S-Parameters in the supplied
file are used.
Please note that 4-port S-parameter files (e.g. for differential probes) are
currently not supported.
According to the convention of the LCA (where any port can be an input or
an output), these values are directional. This means port 1 of the
connector is always connected to the network analyzer and port 2 is
always connected to the DUT.
We recommend you use the AdapterChar macro supplied with the network
analyzer. This includes this directionality in its characterization. Please
refer to the online help on the Network Analyzer for further details.
To assign a file,
1 Click .
2 Locate and select the file in the explorer window.
75 Ohm
Select if you measure components with 75 Ohm impedance. Insert the s2p
file name for the file that characterizes the minimum loss pad.

Tools
Some of the controls that can be selected on the Tools tab are also
available on the measurement tabs. The controls on the measurement tabs
are activated when you start the next measurement setup. The controls on
the Tools tab are activated immediately.
The Tools tab always showing the current settings of the instrument. These
may be different to what is selected on the other tabs.
Laser Source
Source Wavelength (nm)

Set the wavelength of the laser source.
Power [dBm]
Set the optical output power of the laser source.
Laser On
• Select to turn the laser source on.
• Deselect to turn the laser source off.
External Input
The External Input is an optional extra for the Lightwave Component
Analyzer.
• Select to use a laser source connected to the External Input on the rear
of the optical test set.
• Deselect to use the laser source in the optical test set.
Optimize ModBias
Start an immediate bias optimization for the modulator.
Receiver
Optical Input
Select the input to which your device under test is connected.
• For input signals up to +7 dBm (calibrated up to+5 dBm), use Input 1.
• For input signals up to +17 dBm (calibrated up to+15 dBm), use
Input 2.
Receiver Wavelength (nm)
Set the wavelength of to be used by the optical power meter.

RF Power
Forward RF Power [dBm]

Sets the RF power level for the source port(s).
For balanced measurements (on 4-port network analyzers), Ports 2 and 3
of the network analyzer are forward for EO measurements and reverse for
OE measurements.
Increasing the forward RF power for OE measurements increases the
optical modulation amplitude.
Reverse RF Power [dBm]
Sets the RF power level for the receiver port(s).
We recommend the factory calibrated default value for the best results.
To reset to the factory default, leave the text box empty or enter a value
less than -200 dBm.
Reset UI
The "Reset UI" button resets all LCA settings to default settings.

User’s Guide
6 Measurement
Concepts
General Measurement Techniques and Considerations / 100
Signal Relationships in Opto-Electric Devices / 104
Single-Ended Measurements / 109
Differential Measurements (applies to 4-port PNA only) / 110
Triggering Concepts / 114
Measuring at Different Wavelengths and with the External Optical Source
Input / 115
General Measurement Techniques and Considerations
The concept of lightwave component analysis is straightforward.

Measurements are made of the small-signal linear transmission
characteristics of a variety of lightwave components. A precise electrical
(signal generator) or optical (laser) source is used to stimulate the
component under test and a very accurate optical or electrical receiver
measures the transmitted signal. Since characterization over a range of
modulation frequencies is required, the frequency of modulation is
normally swept over the bandwidth of interest.
Measurements are typically comprised of the appropriate ratio of
microwave modulation current (or power) and lightwave modulation
power.

Measurement Concepts 6
Figure 5 LCA Block Diagram
Figure 5 on page -101 demonstrates the basic concepts of lightwave

component analysis. An analysis of how various signals are used in the
measurement process is found in Signal Relationships in Opto-Electric
Devices on page -104.

EO measurements (lasers, modulators)
The measurement of an EO transducer is a combination of input

modulating current and output optical modulation power. Slope
responsivity is used to describe how a change in input current produces a
change in optical power. Graphically this is shown in the following figure.
An LCA measures input modulating current and output modulation power

and displays the ratio of the two in Watts/Amp, either linearly or in
decibels.

OE measurements (photodiodes)
The measurement process for OE devices is similar to EO devices. The

measurement consists of the ratio of output electrical modulation current
to input optical modulation power. Slope responsivity for OE devices
describes how a change in optical power produces a change in electrical
current. Graphically this is shown in the figure below.
The LCA measures the input optical modulation power and output
modulation current and displays the ratio of the two in Amps/Watt.
OO measurements
Characteristics of purely optical devices can also be measured. In this

case, both the stimulus and response are modulated light. The ratio
measurement is simply one of gain or loss versus modulation frequency.
As the lightwave component analyzer is able to measure amplitude and
phase, dispersion measurements can be made with very high frequency
resolution. This can be used to characterize narrow band optical
components with a very high frequency resolution within the modulation
bandwidth.

Signal Relationships in Opto-Electric Devices
The LCA measurement technique is built upon concepts used in

characterizing RF and microwave devices. “S-parameter” or scattering
matrix techniques have proven to be convenient ways to characterize
device performance.
The following section will discuss how similar techniques are used in
characterizing devices in the lightwave domain. This is intended to show
the basis on which EO and OE responsivity measurements are defined.
The figure below is a general representation of a lightwave system,
showing input and output signals in terms of terminal voltages, input and
output currents, and optical modulation power.
S-parameters are used to describe the transmitted and reflected signal

flow within a device or network. For the model, the following S-parameters
are defined:
where:

It is interesting to note that delta voltages and currents are used as

opposed to RMS values. This is done because we deal with modulation
signals in describing lightwave transducers, where a change in optical
power is proportional to a change in electrical current or voltage.
The overall system forward gain is defined as:
Though the overall system gain is defined as an S-parameter, the

individual transfer functions of the EO and OE devices are typically defined
in terms of responsivities, because signals in both the optical and electrical
domain are used and optical signals do not lend themselves conveniently
to S-parameter definitions. Initially, the input impedance of the EO
converter and the output impedance of the OE converter will be assumed
to be Z0 (thus S11 and S22 are zero).

and
Using the above relationships, we can rewrite S21 in terms of the

transducer responsivities Rs and Rr:
It is convenient to express the transducer functions logarithmically in

decibels. The system power gain from a Z0 source to a Z0 load can be
defined using the above relationships:

The responsivities Rs and Rr need to be related to some value in order to

have meaning as individual quantities expressed logarithmically, just as 0
dB represents an S21 of unity or gain of 1.
Consequently source responsivity will be expressed in Watts per Amp,
which in decibels will be related to a conversion efficiency of 1 W/A.
Similarly, receiver conversion efficiency will be relative to 1 A/W.
The individual responsivities can now be expressed individually in decibels:
This now allows us to express the original equations for responsivity in

logarithmic terms:

Responsivity measurements are now based on the LCA’s ability to

accurately measure optical modulation power ( ΔP0) and modulation
current ( ΔI1,2).
The measurement of modulation current is derived from the system
characteristic impedance and a measurement of electrical power.
The measurement of optical modulation power is based on a “standard”
lightwave receiver whose characteristics are predetermined and known by
the LCA.

Single-Ended Measurements
Single port measurements are made on devices when the signal on the
electrical port is referenced to ground. This port is described by
S-parameters.
Figure 6 Single ended EO (left) and OE measurement setups (Electrical connections

shown in blue, optical connections in yellow)

Differential Measurements (applies to 4-port PNA only)
Differential measurements are made on devices when the signal on the

electrical port is the difference between two electrical signals, each of
which is referenced to ground. A differential measurement needs two input
or two output channels on the network analzyer. The optical port of the
device is a third port. For valid differential measurements, make sure the
electrical calibration of the network analyzer includes at least three ports.
For more details on differential measurements, please consult the network
analyzers user’s guide.
For differential device measurements the LCA assumes fixed port
configuration. The physical ports 1 and 4 on the network analyzer connect
to the LCA test set. The physical ports 2 and 3 on the network analyzer
connect to the differential electrical ports of the DUT. Figure 7 on
page -110 shows the physical setup for EO measurement and OE
measurement, respectively.
Figure 7 Differential EO (left) and OE measurement setups (Electrical connections

shown in blue, optical connections in yellow)
For the differential measurement the logical port configuration of the

network analyzer need to be set as follows:
• Logical port 1 is assigned to the single ended, unbalanced port and
• Logical port 2 is assigned to the balanced, differential port.

Differential OE measurements
For OE measurements the single- ended (SE), logical port 1 is assigned to

physical port 1 and the balanced (BAL), logical port 2 is assigned to the
physical ports 2 and 3 (see Figure 8 on page -111).
Figure 8 Logical Port Mapping for OE measurement
For OE measurements, the LCA sets up traces for S22, S21, S33, S31 by
default.
Differential EO measurements
For EO measurement the single- ended (SE), logical port 1 is assigned to

physical port 4 and the balanced (BAL), logical port 2 is assigned to
physical ports 2 and 3 (see Figure 9 on page -111).
Figure 9 Logical Port Mapping for EO measurement
For EO measurements the LCA sets up traces for S22, S42, S33, S43 by
default.

Differential results
When measuring differential devices, the network analyzer displays traces

of interest for balanced devices. These include, differential responsivity S,
common mode rejection or port imbalance.
Since opto- electronic components are unidirectional, non-reciprocal
devices, only the measurement types circled in Figure 10 on page -112 are
relevant.
Figure 10 Balanced Measurement types for opto-electronic components
Calibration Concept
The key to making accurate EO, OE, or OO measurements is calibrated

instrumentation.
There are a number of calibration stages involved.
The first stage is the electrical calibration of the network analyzer.
This calibration (described in Calibrating the Network Analyzer before
Measurements on page -53) characterizes from the end of the flexible test
port cable connected to Port 1, to the end of the flexible test port cable
connected to Port 2 of a 2-port network analyzer, or Port 4 of a 4-port
network analyzer.

This establishes the electrical calibration reference planes for the

measurements. Whenever there are additional electrical adapters or
elements required for connecting the device under test these electrical
paths can be accounted for by "RF path deeembedding" (see RF Path
Deembedding on page -95).
The second stage is the calibration of the optical test set. This is handled
as a “Fixture” by the network analyzer.
For more information on Fixtures, please refer to the documentation of the
network analyzer.
The instrument lightwave source and receiver are individually
characterized in the factory, from the female to female adapter on Port A
to the optical output, and from the optical input to the female to female
adapter Port B, respectively.
This electro-optical calibration is provided by Keysight, and includes the
two 85058-60121 Rugged Testport adapters supplied and connected to
the optical test set. The calibration is with respect to the optical
connectors on the front of the optical test set. Whenever there are
additional optical adapters or elements connecting to the device under
test, these optical paths can be accounted for by "optical path
deeembedding" (see “Optical Path Deembedding on page -94).
The systematic responses of these two stages of calibration can then be
deembedded, yielding the response of the device under test (DUT). (See
Signal Relationships in Opto-Electric Devices on page -104 for more
detail.)

Triggering Concepts
It is possible to trigger the DUT measurements either directly on the

network analyzer or using the LCA software, by pressing the LCA "Single"
or "Continuous" keys.
However there are some differences:
• when the modulator bias optimization mode is set to"Every Sweep" or
"Continuous", using the LCA software starts a modulator bias
optimization before starting a DUT measurement.
This is not done when triggering the measurements directly on the
network analyzer.
• when doing EO or OO measurements, using the LCA software, it
measures the DC level of the optical power on the receiver, and adjusts
the deembedding data if necessary. This means more accurate results
than a measurement started directly on the network analyzer.During
"LCA Measurement Setup" it is assumed that the DUT has no optical
loss and the receiver deembedding is setup for a DC power level equal
to the selected optical output power of the LCA. When the internal light
source is not used (EO measurement in "Default" mode), the receiver
deembedding is setup for a DC power level of 0.0 dBm.
During measurements started using the LCA software, the network
analyzer does not respond to any keystrokes on the keypad. The only way
to stop a measurement during a sweep is to press the "Abort
Measurement" button in the LCA Server window.
When doing an OE measurement with modulator bias optimization mode
set to "Single", this time window is very short, since the LCA does nothing
between the sweeps. In such cases, the running measurements can always
be stopped by pressing the "Abort Measurement" button on the LCA
Server window.

Measuring at Different Wavelengths and with the External Optical Source Input
You can also make EO, OE and OO measurements on devices at

wavelengths that are different from the default wavelengths.
For OE and OO measurements, the option 050 “External Optical Source
Input” is required.
The LCA uses two wavelength correction files "LCA_TxCorr.csv" and
"LCA_RxCorr.csv". These files contain typical correction data for the
wavelength dependency of the LCA's internal transmitter and receiver.
When starting up or resetting, the LCA server reads the data of these two
files.
The files "LCA_RxCorr.csv" and "LCA_TxCorr.csv" are located in the
following directory:
C:\ProgramData\Agilent\LCA\Table\SN...\
where SN... is the serial number of the optical test set.
For higher accuracy, you could measure the Rx correction data for your
specific test head and wavelength and enter these values into the
"LCA_RxCorr.csv" file. Since the LCA uses relative correction values
between the closest internal wavelength and the wavelength you select, it
is important that you measure the Rx responsivity for every internal
wavelength and your additional wavelengths. Follow the following
procedure:
1 In "Tools" Tab set the receiver wavelength to either 1550 nm or
1310 nm. Set receiver to input 1.
2 Apply an external laser source at wavelength set to the internal
wavelengths (1310 nm and/or 1550 nm) and known power
(e.g. 0 dBm) to the LCA receiver input 1.
3 Record the displayed power on the LCA using the optical power
monitor. The optical power is displayed at the bottom of the LCA
macro screen, or you can activate the optical power monitor display
using the LCA function keys in the macro menu.
4 For every additional wavelength apply laser light with same known
power (e.g. 0 dBm) and record the displayed power. Do not change the
receiver wavelength setting in the "Tools" tab.
5 In the "LCA_RxCorr.csv" file, replace the default values with the
recorded power values in 2nd column for input 1 for each wavelength
measured (i.e. both the internal and the additional wavelengths).

Delete all other wavelength values. (Note: LCA interpolates for missing
wavelengths.) Optionally repeat for input 2 and enter values in 3rd
column.
We do not recommend to change the values in the "LCA_TxCorr.csv" file.
Instead we recommend you measure with user calibration for
measurements using an external input.
EO measurements
The wavelength box on the EO tab is an editable, drop down list. This
means you can select one of the default wavelengths, or enter a different
wavelength.
If you select a wavelength other than the default wavelengths, the LCA
checks for the closest default wavelength. The calibration data for this
wavelength is used for the LCA measurements.
Next the LCA checks if the "LCA_RxCorr.csv" file is available.
• If not, no wavelength correction is applied.
• If the file is found, the LCA performs a wavelength correction.
• If the wavelength you entered is not covered by the"LCA_RxCorr.csv"
file, an error message will be shown.
If the selected wavelength is covered by the correction file, the correction
factor is calculated from the values found in the file. This correction factor
is applied to the values from the internal optical power meter and to the
calibration data used for the LCA measurements.
OE measurements
On the OE tab of the LCA user interface, if you check the external (laser)
input check box, you can edit the wavelength. The principles described for
EO measurements are applied to the transmitter side, using the
wavelength correction data in the file: "LCA_TxCorr.csv".
The LCA expects the power value in the "Power" box to be the optical
power at the Optical Output of the LCA test head.
To set the right power value if you are using an external source:
1 Use a short patch cord to connect the Optical Output to the Optical
Input.
2 Switch to the "Tools" tab of the user interface and set the receiver
wavelength to the external laser wavelength and check the "External
Input" check box.

3 Switch on your external source and run the modulator optimization in

the "Default" mode.
4 When the optimization is finished, transfer the optical power value
displayed in the status bar to the "Power" box.
OO measurements
The principles described above for EO and OE measurements also apply to

OO measurements.

User’s Guide
7 Maintenance
Cleaning / 118
Replacing the Fuse / 133
This system should be serviced only by authorized personnel.

7 Maintenance
Cleaning
Safety Precautions
The following Cleaning Instructions contain some general safety

precautions, which must be observed during all phases of cleaning.
Consult your specific optical device manuals or guides for full information
on safety matters.
Please try, whenever possible, to use physically contacting connectors,
and dry connections. Clean the connectors, interfaces, and bushings
carefully after use.
If you are unsure of the correct cleaning procedure for your optical device,
we recommend that you first try cleaning a dummy or test device.
Keysight Technologies assume no liability for the customer’s failure to
comply with these requirements.
Please follow the following safety rules:

WARNING
• Do not remove instrument covers when operating.
• Ensure that the instrument is switched off throughout the cleaning
procedures.
• Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other
than those specified may result in hazardous radiation exposure.
• Make sure that you disable all sources when you are cleaning any
optical interfaces.
• Under no circumstances look into the end of an optical device
attached to optical outputs when the device is operational. The laser
radiation is not visible to the human eye, but it can seriously damage
your eyesight.
• To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the instrument from the mains
before cleaning. Use a dry cloth, or one slightly dampened with water,
to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.
• Do not install parts or perform any unauthorized modification to
optical devices.
• Refer servicing only to qualified and authorized personnel.

Maintenance 7
Why is it important to clean optical devices?
In transmission links optical fiber cores are about 9 µm (0.00035") in

diameter. Dust and other particles, however, can range from tenths to
hundredths of microns in diameter. Their comparative size means that they
can cover a part of the end of a fiber core, and as a result will reduce the
performance of your system.
Furthermore, the power density may burn dust into the fiber and cause
additional damage (for example, 0 dBm optical power in a single mode
fiber causes a power density of approximately 16 million W/m2). If this
happens, measurements become inaccurate and non-repeatable.
Cleaning is, therefore, an essential yet difficult task. Unfortunately, when
comparing most published cleaning recommendations, you will discover
that they contain several inconsistencies. In this section, we want to
suggest ways to help you clean your various optical devices, and thus
significantly improve the accuracy and repeatability of your lightwave
measurements.
What do I need for proper cleaning?
Some Standard Cleaning Equipment is necessary for cleaning your

instrument. For certain cleaning procedures, you may also require certain
Additional Cleaning Equipment.
Standard Cleaning Equipment
Before you can start your cleaning procedure you need the following
standard equipment:
• Dust and shutter caps
• Isopropyl alcohol
• Cotton swabs
• Soft tissues
• Pipe cleaner
• Compressed air
Dust and shutter caps
All of Keysight Technologies’ lightwave instruments are delivered with

either laser shutter caps or dust caps on the lightwave adapter. Any cables
come with covers to protect the cable ends from damage or
contamination.

7 Maintenance
We suggest these protected coverings should be kept on the equipment at

all times, except when your optical device is in use. Be careful when
replacing dust caps after use. Do not press the bottom of the cap onto the
fiber too hard, as any dust in the cap can scratch or pollute your fiber
surface.
If you need further dust caps, please contact your nearest Keysight
Technologies sales office.
Isopropyl alcohol
This solvent is usually available from any local pharmaceutical supplier or

chemist's shop.
If you use isopropyl alcohol to clean your optical device, do not
immediately dry the surface with compressed air (except when you are
cleaning very sensitive optical devices). This is because the dust and the
dirt is solved and will leave behind filmy deposits after the alcohol is
evaporated. You should therefore first remove the alcohol and the dust
with a soft tissue, and then use compressed air to blow away any
remaining filaments.
If possible avoid using denatured alcohol containing additives. Instead,
apply alcohol used for medical purposes.
Never try to drink this alcohol, as it may seriously damage your health.
Do not use any other solvents, as some may damage plastic materials and
claddings. Acetone, for example, will dissolve the epoxy used with fiber
optic connectors. To avoid damage, only use isopropyl alcohol.
Cotton swabs
We recommend that you use swabs such as Q-tips or other cotton swabs
normally available from local distributors of medical and hygiene products
(for example, a supermarket or a chemist's shop). You may be able to
obtain various sizes of swab. If this is the case, select the smallest size for
your smallest devices.
Ensure that you use natural cotton swabs. Foam swabs will often leave
behind filmy deposits after cleaning.
Use care when cleaning, and avoid pressing too hard onto your optical
device with the swab. Too much pressure may scratch the surface, and
could cause your device to become misaligned. It is advisable to rub gently
over the surface using only a small circular movement.

Maintenance 7
Swabs should be used straight out of the packet, and never used twice.
This is because dust and dirt in the atmosphere, or from a first cleaning,
may collect on your swab and scratch the surface of your optical device.
Soft tissues
These are available from most stores and distributors of medical and
hygiene products such as supermarkets or chemists' shops.
We recommend that you do not use normal cotton tissues, but
multi-layered soft tissues made from non-recycled cellulose. Cellulose
tissues are very absorbent and softer. Consequently, they will not scratch
the surface of your device over time.
Use care when cleaning, and avoid pressing on your optical device with
the tissue. Pressing too hard may lead to scratches on the surface or
misalignment of your device. Just rub gently over the surface using a small
circular movement.
Use only clean, fresh soft tissues and never apply them twice. Any dust
and dirt from the air which collects on your tissue, or which has gathered
after initial cleaning, may scratch and pollute your optical device.
Pipe cleaner
Pipe cleaners can be purchased from tobacconists, and come in various

shapes and sizes.The most suitable one to select for cleaning purposes has
soft bristles, which will not produces scratches.
There are many different kinds of pipe cleaner available from tobacco
shops.
The best way to use a pipe cleaner is to push it in and out of the device
opening (for example, when cleaning an interface). While you are cleaning,
you should slowly rotate the pipe cleaner.
Only use pipe cleaners on connector interfaces or on feed through
adapters. Do not use them on optical head adapters, as the center of a
pipe cleaner is hard metal and can damage the bottom of the adapter.
Your pipe cleaner should be new when you use it. If it has collected any
dust or dirt, this can scratch or contaminate your device.
The tip and center of the pipe cleaner are made of metal. Avoid
accidentally pressing these metal parts against the inside of the device, as
this can cause scratches.

7 Maintenance
Compressed air
Compressed air can be purchased from any laboratory supplier.

It is essential that your compressed air is free of dust, water and oil. Only
use clean, dry air. If not, this can lead to filmy deposits or scratches on the
surface of your connector. This will reduce the performance of your
transmission system.
When spraying compressed air, hold the can upright. If the can is held at a
slant, propellant could escape and dirty your optical device. First spray
into the air, as the initial stream of compressed air could contain some
condensation or propellant. Such condensation leaves behind a filmy
deposit.
Please be friendly to your environment and use a CFC-free aerosol.
Additional Cleaning Equipment
Some Cleaning Procedures need the following equipment, which is not

required to clean each instrument:
• Microscope with a magnification range about 50X up to 300X
• Ultrasonic bath
• Warm water and liquid soap
• Premoistened cleaning wipes
• Lens cleaning papers
• Polymer film
• Infrared Sensor Card
Microscope with a magnification range about 50X up to 300X

A microscope can be found in most photography stores, or can be
obtained through or specialist mail order companies. Special fiber-scopes
are available from suppliers of splicing equipment.
Ideally, the light source on your microscope should be very flexible. This
will allow you to examine your device closely and from different angles.
A microscope helps you to estimate the type and degree of dirt on your
device. You can use a microscope to choose an appropriate cleaning
method, and then to examine the results. You can also use your
microscope to judge whether your optical device (such as a connector) is
severely scratched and is, therefore, causing inaccurate measurements.

Maintenance 7
Ultrasonic bath
Ultrasonic baths are also available from photography or laboratory

suppliers or specialist mail order companies.
An ultrasonic bath will gently remove fat and other stubborn dirt from your
optical devices. This helps increase the life span of the optical devices.
Only use isopropyl alcohol in your ultrasonic bath, as other solvents may
damage.
Warm water and liquid soap
Only use water if you are sure that there is no other way of cleaning your
optical device without corrosion or damage. Do not use hot water, as this
may cause mechanical stress, which can damage your optical device.
Ensure that your liquid soap has no abrasive properties or perfume in it.
You should also avoid normal washing-up liquid, as it can cover your
device in an iridescent film after it has been air-dried.
Some lenses and mirrors also have a special coating, which may be
sensitive to mechanical stress, or to fat and liquids. For this reason we
recommend you do not touch them.
If you are not sure how sensitive your device is to cleaning, please contact
the manufacturer or your sales distributor.
Premoistened cleaning wipes
Use pre-moistened cleaning wipes as described in each individual

cleaning procedure. Cleaning wipes may be used in every instance where a
moistened soft tissue or cotton swab is applied.
Lens cleaning papers
Some special lens cleaning papers are not suitable for cleaning optical
devices like connectors, interfaces, lenses, mirrors and so on. To be
absolutely certain that a cleaning paper is applicable, please ask the
salesperson or the manufacturer.
Polymer film
Polymer film is available from laboratory suppliers or specialist mail order

companies.
Using polymer film is a gentle method of cleaning extremely sensitive
devices, such as reference reflectors and mirrors.

7 Maintenance
Infrared Sensor Card
Infrared sensor cards are available from laboratory suppliers or specialist

mail order companies.
With this card you are able to control the shape of laser light emitted. The
invisible laser beam is projected onto the sensor card, then becomes
visible to the normal eye as a round spot.
Take care never to look into the end of a fiber or any other optical
WARNING component, when they are in use. This is because the laser can seriously
damage your eyes.
Preserving Connectors
Listed below are some hints on how best to keep your connectors in the
best possible condition.
Making Connections
Before you make any connection you must ensure that all cables and
connectors are clean. If they are dirty, use the appropriate cleaning
procedure.
When inserting the ferrule of a patch cord into a connector or an adapter,
make sure that the fiber end does not touch the outside of the mating
connector or adapter. Otherwise you will rub the fiber end against an
unsuitable surface, producing scratches and dirt deposits on the surface of
your fiber.
Dust Caps and Shutter Caps
Be careful when replacing dust caps after use. Do not press the bottom of
the cap onto the fiber as any dust in the cap can scratch or dirty your fiber
surface.
When you have finished cleaning, put the dust cap back on, or close the
shutter cap if the equipment is not going to be used immediately.
Keep the caps on the equipment always when it is not in use.
All of Keysight Technologies’ lightwave instruments and accessories are
shipped with either laser shutter caps or dust caps. If you need additional
or replacement dust caps, contact your nearest Keysight Technologies
Sales/Service Office.

Maintenance 7
Immersion Oil and Other Index Matching Compounds
Where it is possible, do not use immersion oil or other index matching

compounds with your device. They are liable to impair and dirty the
surface of the device. In addition, the characteristics of your device can be
changed and your measurement results affected.
Cleaning Instrument Housings
Do not open the instruments as there is a danger of electric shock, or

WARNING electrostatic discharge.
Do not open instruments. Opening the instrument can cause damage to

CAUTION sensitive components, and in addition your warranty will be voided.
Do not use isopropyl alcohol to clean instrument housings.

CAUTION
Use a dry and very soft cotton tissue to clean the instrument housing and
the keypad. In the case of heavy dirt, you can moisten the cotton tissue in
water.
Which Cleaning Procedure should I use?
Light dirt
If you just want to clean away light dirt, observe the following procedure
for all devices:
• Use compressed air to blow away large particles.
• Clean the device with a dry cotton swab.
• Use compressed air to blow away any remaining filament left by the
swab.

7 Maintenance
Heavy dirt
If the above procedure is not enough to clean your instrument, follow one
of the procedures below. Please consult Cleaning on page -118 for the
procedure relevant for this instrument.
If you are unsure of how sensitive your device is to cleaning, please contact
the manufacturer or your sales distributor.
How to clean connectors
Cleaning connectors is difficult as the core diameter of a single-mode fiber

is only about 9 μm. This generally means you cannot see streaks or
scratches on the surface. To be certain of the condition of the surface of
your connector and to check it after cleaning, you need a microscope.
In the case of scratches, or of dust that has been burnt onto the surface of
the connector, you may have no option but to polish the connector. This
depends on the degree of dirtiness, or the depth of the scratches. This is a
difficult procedure and should only be performed by skilled personal, and
as a last resort as it wears out your connector.
Never look into the end of an optical cable that is connected to an active
WARNING source.
To assess the projection of the emitted light beam you can use an infrared
sensor card. Hold the card approximately 5 cm from the output of the
connector. The invisible emitted light is project onto the card and becomes
visible as a small circular spot.
Preferred Procedure
Use the following procedure on most occasions.

1 Clean the connector by rubbing a new, dry cotton-swab over the
surface using a small circular movement.
2 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.
Procedure for Stubborn Dirt
Use this procedure particularly when there is greasy dirt on the connector:
1 Moisten a new cotton-swab with isopropyl alcohol.
2 Clean the connector by rubbing the cotton-swab over the surface
using a small circular movement.

Maintenance 7
3 Take a new, dry soft-tissue and remove the alcohol, dissolved sediment
and dust, by rubbing gently over the surface using a small circular
movement.
An Alternative Procedure
A better, more gentle, but more expensive cleaning procedure is to use an

ultrasonic bath with isopropyl alcohol.
1 Hold the tip of the connector in the bath for at least three minutes.
2 Take a new, dry soft-tissue and remove the alcohol, dissolved sediment
movement.
How to clean connector interfaces
Be careful when using pipe-cleaners, as the core and the bristles of the
CAUTION pipe-cleaner are hard and can damage the interface.
Preferred Procedure

1 Clean the interface by pushing and pulling a new, dry pipe-cleaner into
the opening. Rotate the pipe-cleaner slowly as you do this.
Use this procedure particularly when there is greasy dirt on the interface:
1 Moisten a new pipe-cleaner with isopropyl alcohol.
2 Clean the interface by pushing and pulling the pipe-cleaner into the
opening. Rotate the pipe-cleaner slowly as you do this.
3 Moisten a new cotton-swab with isopropyl alcohol.
4 Using a new, dry pipe-cleaner, and a new, dry cotton-swab remove the
alcohol, any dissolved sediment and dust.

7 Maintenance
How to clean bare fiber adapters
Bare fiber adapters are difficult to clean. Protect from dust unless they are
in use.
Never use any kind of solvent when cleaning a bare fiber adapter as
CAUTION solvents can damage the foam inside some adapters.
They can deposit dissolved dirt in the groove, which can then dirty the
surface of an inserted fiber.
Preferred Procedure

1 Blow away any dust or dirt with compressed air.
Use this procedure particularly when there is greasy dirt on the adapter:
1 Clean the adapter by pushing and pulling a new, dry pipe-cleaner into
the opening. Rotate the pipe-cleaner slowly as you do this.
Be careful when using pipe-cleaners, as the core and the bristles of the
CAUTION pipe-cleaner are hard and can damage the adapter.
2 Clean the adapter by pushing and pulling a new, dry pipe cleaner into
the opening. Rotate the pipe cleaner slowly as you do this.
3 Clean the adapter by rubbing a new, dry cotton-swab over the surface

Maintenance 7
How to clean lenses
Some lenses have special coatings that are sensitive to solvents, grease,
liquid and mechanical abrasion. Take extra care when cleaning lenses with
these coatings.
Lens assemblies consisting of several lenses are not normally sealed.
Therefore, use as little alcohol as possible, as it can get between the lenses
and in doing so can change the properties of projection.
Preferred procedure

1 Clean the lens by rubbing a new, dry cotton swab over the surface
Procedure for stubborn dirt
Use this procedure when there is greasy dirt on the lens.

1 Moisten a new cotton swab with isopropyl alcohol.
2 Clean the lens by rubbing the cotton swab over the surface using a
small circular movement.
3 Using a new, dry cotton swab remove the alcohol, any dissolved
sediment and dust.
How to clean instruments with a fixed connector interface
You should only clean instruments with a fixed connector interface when it
is absolutely necessary. This is because it is difficult to remove any used
alcohol or filaments from the input of the optical block.
It is important, therefore, to keep dust caps on the equipment at all times,
except when your optical device is in use.
Only use clean, dry compressed air. Make sure that the air is free of dust,
CAUTION water, and oil. If the air that you use is not clean and dry, this can lead to
filmy deposits or scratches on the surface of your connector interface.
This will degrade the performance of your transmission system.
Never try to open the instrument and clean the optical block by yourself,
because it is easy to scratch optical components, and cause them to be
misaligned.

7 Maintenance
If you do discover filaments or particles, the only way to clean a fixed

connector interface and the input of the optical block is to use compressed
air.
If there are fluids or fat in the connector, please refer the instrument to the
skilled personnel of Keysight’s service team.
How to clean instruments with a physical contact interface
Remove any connector interfaces from the optical output of the instrument
before you begin the cleaning procedure.
Cleaning interfaces is difficult as the core diameter of a single-mode fiber
is only about 9 mm. This generally means you cannot see streaks or
scratches on the surface. To be certain of the degree of pollution on the
surface of your interface and to check whether it has been removed after
cleaning, you need a microscope.
Never look into an optical output, because this can seriously damage
WARNING your eyesight.
To assess the projection of the emitted light beam you can use an infrared
sensor card. Hold the card approximately 5 cm from the interface. The
invisible emitted light is projected onto the card and becomes visible as a
small circular spot.
Preferred procedure

1 Clean the interface by rubbing a new, dry cotton swab over the surface
Use this procedure when there is greasy dirt on the interface.

2 Clean the interface by rubbing the cotton swab over the surface using
a small circular movement.
3 Take a new, dry soft tissue and remove the alcohol, dissolved sediment
movement.

Maintenance 7
How to clean instruments with a recessed lens interface
For instruments with a deeply recessed lens interface (for example the
Keysight Technologies 81633A and 81634A Power Sensors) do NOT follow
this procedure. Alcohol and compressed air could damage your lens even
further.
Keep your dust and shutter caps on when your instrument is not in use.
This should prevent it from getting too dirty.
If you must clean such instruments, please refer the instrument to the
skilled personnel of the Keysight service team.
Preferred procedure

If this is not sufficient, then
a Clean the interface by rubbing a new, dry cotton swab over the
surface using a small circular movement.
b Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

Use this procedure when there is greasy dirt on the interface, and using
the procedure for light dirt is not sufficient.
Using isopropyl alcohol should be your last choice for recessed lens
interfaces because of the difficulty of cleaning out any dirt that is washed
to the edge of the interface.
2 Clean the interface by rubbing the cotton swab over the surface using
a small circular movement.
3 Take a new, dry soft tissue and remove the alcohol, dissolved sediment
movement.

7 Maintenance
How to clean optical devices which are sensitive to mechanical stress and pressure
Some optical devices, such as Reference Reflectors, are very sensitive to

mechanical stress or pressure. Do not use cotton swabs, soft tissues or
other mechanical cleaning tools, as these can scratch or destroy the
surface.
Preferred procedure

To clean devices that are extremely sensitive to mechanical stress or

pressure you can also use an optical clean polymer film. This procedure is
time-consuming, but you avoid scratching or destroying the surface.
1 Put the film on the surface and wait at least 30 minutes to make sure
that the film has had enough time to dry.
2 Remove the film and any dirt with special adhesive tapes.
Alternative procedure
For these types of optical devices you can often use an ultrasonic bath
with isopropyl alcohol. Only use the ultrasonic bath if you are sure that it
won’t cause any damage to any part of the device.
1 Put the device into the bath for at least three minutes.
2 Blow away any remaining liquid with compressed air.
If there are any streaks or drying stains on the surface, repeat the cleaning
procedure.
How to clean bare fiber ends
Bare fiber ends are often used for splices or, together with other optical
components, to create a parallel beam.
The end of a fiber can often be scratched. You make a new cleave. To do
this:
1 Strip off the cladding.
2 Take a new soft tissue and moisten it with isopropyl alcohol.
3 Carefully clean the bare fiber with this tissue.
4 Make your cleave and immediately insert the fiber into your bare fiber
adapter in order to protect the surface from dirt.

Maintenance 7
Replacing the Fuse
(1)
1 On the rear of the optical test set, use a flat-tipped screwdriver to lever
open the fuse holder from underneath (1).
2 Pull the fuse holder and fuse clear of the back panel.
3 Take the fuse out of the fuse cap and note the fuse rating.
4 Make sure the replacement fuse has the same rating (T1A, 250V,
Keysight part number 2110- 0007).
5 Put the fuse into the fuse holder.
6 Put the fuse and fuse cap into the receptacle in the rear of the case and
press it into place.

User’s Guide
8 Troubleshooting
Checking the Operation of the Lightwave Component Analyzer / 136
Event Log / 136
This system should be serviced only by authorized personnel.

8 Troubleshooting
Checking the Operation of the Lightwave Component Analyzer
1 Shut down the network analyzer, as described in the network analyzer

user guide and online help.
2 Power down both the network analyzer and the optical test set.
3 Start the equipment and perform an electrical calibration of the
network analyzer, as described in Starting the Lightwave Component
Analyzer on page -52.
4 Perform the performance verification, as described in Performance
Quick Check on page -39.
Event Log
Further troubleshooting information is available from the event log.

You can find this log in the \bin subdirectory of the directory where the
LCA program is installed.
If you want to refer to the log, save a copy of it before you restart the LCA
server. The log file is cleared each time the LCA server is restarted.
If you have a problem with the LCA, you can also send the event log file to
your Keysight contact person to speed up diagnosis.

User’s Guide
9 Reinstalling and
Updating the
Software
Backing Up your LCA Data / 138
Reinstalling the LCA Software / 139
Backing Up your LCA Data
The information for your particular configuration of the LCA and the factory
calibration data are kept in the “Table” and “Information” subdirectories of
the directory in which the software is installed.
These two directories are backed up under the "LCA" directory on the "D"
drive of your network analyzer. These directories are not overwritten when
performing the network analyzer's system recovery process.
Please refer to the user documentation of the network analyzer for
information on backing up calibration data.

Reinstalling and Updating the Software 9
Reinstalling the LCA Software
There are two cases:

• Updating the LCA software.
• Reinstalling the LCA software completely, for example after recovering
the network analyzer
Updating the LCA software
1 Before updating the software, you must remove the existing software.
a In Windows’ Settings, go to the Control Panel and select Add or
Remove Programs.
b Select the LCA application from the list of programs.
c Remove the program.
2 Start the LCA setup software LCAInstaller.msi.
3 Follow the instructions on the screen.
We recommend you use the default settings.
Reinstalling the LCA software
Preparing the reinstallation

1 Download the LCA software from the Keysight website to a location on
the network analyzer's "D" drive.
2 Alternatively, copy the software installation file from the CD-ROM
supplied with the LCA to the "D" drive, or run the software installation
file directly from the CD-ROM using a USB-connected optical drive.
Reinstalling the software
1 On the "D" drive location, or on the CD-ROM, find the directory
\Reinstallation\LCA Software\<version number>\ and start the LCA
installation program.
2 Follow the instructions on the screen.
We recommend you use the default settings.
Note the directory to which the LCA application is installed.
3 The registry script in the next step installs LCA related functions in the
first 6 positions of the network analyzers macro group "Macro 1".
In this LCA directory, right click on the file NWAShortcuts.reg.
4 From the context menu, select Merge.

Restoring the hardware calibration files

1 On the network analyzer’s “D” drive, open the directory “LCA”.
2 Copy all folders (with all their sub-folders) into the LCA program data
directory:
3 “C:\ProgramData\Agilent\LCA”. (default directory).
Starting the LCA Server
When starting the “LCA Measurement Setup” with no server running, the
NOTE server is started automatically.
1 Run the network analyzer.

2 Double-click on the “LCA Server” shortcut on the Desktop of the
network analyzer.
3 Or start the LCA server by pressing .
4 Press .

User’s Guide
Definition of Terms / 142
Definition of Terms
Absolute frequency response uncertainty

The maximum difference between measured Responsivity of a device
under test and the actual (true) responsivity, expressed in dBe.
Conditions: as specified.
Any change in the cabling after calibration add to the specified absolute
NOTE frequency response uncertainty.
Measurement: Based on a reference RF O/E receiver.

Average output power (optical)
The (actual or nominal) average output power from the LCA optical output.
Average output power range (optical)
The nominal (selectable) range for Average output power (optical).
Average output power stability (optical)
The variation of the optical Average output power (optical) P over time,
calculated as
where maxt{} and mint{} are the maximum and minimum value over time t.
Conditions: Time period as specified after modulator auto bias
(“modulator optimization”) is performed with the selected wavelength.
Other conditions as specified.
Measurement: Using an average power meter with averaging time set
to 1 s.
Average output power uncertainty (optical)
The maximum difference between actual (true) Average output power
(optical) and the nominal (selected) average output power.

Conditions: After modulator auto bias (“modulator optimization”)

performed with the selected wavelength. Other conditions as specified.
Measurement: Using an average power meter with averaging time set
to 1 s.
Average power measurement uncertainty (optical)
Maximum difference between measured average (over time) optical power
and true average optical power at the LCA optical input.
Measurement: Comparison with an average power meter with averaging
time set to 1 s.
Average power measurement range (optical)
The range for the average optical power where the specification for
Average power measurement uncertainty (optical) applies.
Decibel (dBm, dBo, dBe)
A ratio in decibel (dB) is calculated as 10-log10{ratio}. Special cases:
• dBo: specifically the ratio of optical powers (‘o’ for ‘optical’).
• dBe: specifically the ratio of electrical powers (‘e’ for ‘electrical’).
• dBm: power level related to 1 mW (electrical or optical).
Differences of powers in dBm are written as “dBo” for optical powers or

NOTE “dBe” for electrical powers.
dBW/A: The square of the Responsivity R divided by 1 A/W,
or
dBW/A is defined correspondingly to dBW/A.

Differences of responsivities in dBA/W or dBW/A are written as “dBe”.

NOTE
For O/E and E/O converters with linear relation between optical power
NOTE and electrical current, optical ratios in dBo have half the magnitude of
the electrical ratios in dBe.
Electrical loss of optical test set

The electrical (RF) signal loss of the optical test set between Network
Analyzer electrical port and LCA electrical port. LCA set to E/E mode.
Conditions: Frequency range as specified.
Frequency response repeatability
In repeated measurements of the (absolute) frequency response under
constant conditions, the repeatability ±Rep at each modulation frequency
is defined as twice the standard deviation, StDevi, of the measured
responsivities Ri over the repetitions i:
Conditions: fixed cables and unchanged connections. Other conditions as

specified.
Measurement: using a stable DUT.
Group delay (GD)
The signal delay time caused by a transmission path (component). The
group delay is derived from the phase change dφ of a harmonic signal
detected after the path (component) resulting from a small frequency
change dfmod of the signal,
with phase change dφ expressed in degrees.

Group delay uncertainty

Specifies the maximum difference between measured and actual Group
delay (GD).
For E/O and O/E, group delay uncertainty excludes a constant group
NOTE delay offset (see Phase uncertainty). Other conditions as specified.
Measurement: Derived from Phase uncertainty.

Maximum linear average input power (optical)
The maximum average optical input power at the LCA optical input for
which the system specifications apply.
Conditions: as specified.
Maximum safe average input power (optical)
Maximum optical power that can be applied to the LCA optical input
without permanent change of the LCA’s characteristics.
Applying more than the specified maximum safe input power may
CAUTION damage the LCA.
Minimum measurable frequency response (noise floor)

The average of the Responsivity measured by the LCA on a DUT with zero
output, expressed in Decibel (dBm, dBo, dBe). The value is calculated by
averaging the measured responsivity in linear space (rather than decibel
space) over the modulation frequency within a specified modulation
frequency range.
Conditions: As specified.
Responsivity values are converted from Decibel (dBm, dBo, dBe) values
NOTE to linear values by: linear = 10decibel/20. The average is converted back to
decibels by: decibel = 20*log10(linear).

Modulated optical power

The amplitude of a harmonic optical power modulation. The modulated
optical power is calculated from the peak optical power Pmax and the
average optical power Pavg,
in Watts: Pmod = Pmax – Pavg
in dBm: Pmod,dB = 10-log(Pmod / 1mW).
Modulated optical power divided by average optical power is a value

NOTE between 0 (no modulation) and 1 (full modulation). See OMI (optical
modulation index).
For full modulation, modulated optical power equals average optical

NOTE power.
Operating frequency range (optical test set)

The modulation frequency range for which the LCA optical test set
(including optical transmitter and receiver) is designed to supply give
measurement results.
OMI (optical modulation index)
Specifies the Modulated optical power divided by Average output power
(optical).
Condition: modulation frequency as specified.
OMI is a value between 0% (no modulation) and 100% (full modulation).

NOTE

Operating input wavelength range

The wavelength range on the LCA optical input for which the LCA system
is designed.
Optical return loss (LCA optical input)
Ratio between incident optical power at LCA optical input and reflected
optical power, expressed in dBo.
Output wavelength
Center of gravity wavelength of the signal at LCA optical output.
Wavelength is defined as wavelength in vacuum.
Phase uncertainty
When measuring the phase difference of the harmonic signals between
DUT input and DUT output at a given modulation frequency, phase
uncertainty specifies the maximum deviation between measured and
actual phase difference.
For E/O and O/E, phase uncertainty excludes the effect of a (constant but
NOTE unknown) Group delay (GD) offset (resulting from a path length
uncertainty in the LCA system). A group delay offset Δ GD at modulation
frequency fmod causes a phase change of Δ φ = 360° - Δ GD - fmod
expressed in degrees.

Relative frequency response uncertainty
When taking the difference between measured Responsivity of a device
under test and actual (true) responsivity in dBe over modulation frequency,
the system relative frequency response uncertainty is ± half the peak- to-
peak difference.
Conditions: Modulation frequency range as specified. Other conditions as
specified.
Changes in the cabling after user e-cal add to the specified relative
NOTE frequency response uncertainty.


Responsivity
The amplitude response R of a device under test (DUT) to a harmonic
stimulus:
• E/O measurement: R is the ratio of Modulated optical power in Watt to
the electrical stimulus amplitude in Ampere, expressed in W/A.
• O/E measurement: R is the ratio of electrical response amplitude in
Ampere to the Modulated optical power in Watt, expressed in A/W.
In both cases, responsivity in Decibel (dBm, dBo, dBe) (“dBW/A“ or
“dBA/W“) is calculated as 20-log(R).
• O/O measurement: R is the difference between the Modulated optical
power in dBm at the DUT output and at the DUT input, expressed in
dBo. If expressed in dBe, it is twice this number.
Responsivity of an O/E or E/O device may be called conversion efficiency.

NOTE For an O/O device, R [dBo] = -(insertion loss [dB]).
References
(1) “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” (“GUM”),
BIPM, IEC, ISO et al. (1993)

User’s Guide
11 Specifications
Specifications / 150
Transmitter and Receiver Specifications / 152
Specifications for Electro-Optical Measurements at 1310 nm (E/O Mode) /
154
Specifications for Electro-Optical Measurements at 1550 nm (E/O Mode) /
155
Specifications for Opto-Electrical Measurements at 1310 nm (O/E Mode) /
156
Specifications for Opto-Electrical Measurements at 1550 nm (O/E Mode) /
157
Specifications for Optical to Optical Measurements at 1310 nm (O/O Mode) /
158
Specifications for Optical to Optical Measurements at 1550 nm (O/O Mode) /
159
Specifications for Electrical-Electrical Measurements (E/E Mode) / 160
General Characteristics / 161
Mechanical Outline Drawings, options 2xx (dimensions in mm) / 163
Mechanical Outline Drawings, options 4xx (dimensions in mm) / 164
11 Specifications
Specifications
Definitions
Generally, all specifications are valid at the stated operating and

measurement conditions and settings, with uninterrupted line voltage.
Specifications (guaranteed)
Describes warranted product performance that is valid under the specified

conditions.
Specifications include guard bands to account for the expected statistical
performance distribution, measurement uncertainties changes in
performance due to environmental changes and aging of components.
Typical Values (characteristics)
Characteristics describe the product performance that is usually met but

not guaranteed. Typical values are based on data from a representative set
of instruments.
General Characteristics
Give additional information for using the instrument. These are general
descriptive terms that do not imply a level of performance.
Specifications require an angled connector at the source output and at
optical input ports 1 and 2 of the optical receiver.
Angled contact connectors help you to control return loss.
The contact connector on your Lightwave Component Analyzer is angled,
use only cables with angled connectors. The Lightwave Component
Analyzer input requires angled connectors. Do not use a cable with a flat
connector on either the angled input connector or on the angled output
connector.
The angled connector symbol is typically colored green.

Specifications 11
Measurement Conditions
• Network analyzer set to -1 dBm electrical output power

• Modulation frequency range from 10 MHz to 43.5/50/65 GHz,
depending on selected network analyzer option
• Number of averages: 1
• 100 Hz IFBW ("Reduce IF bandwidth at low frequency" enabled) with
modulation frequency step size 10 MHz and measurement points on a
10 MHz raster (if not differently stated)
• Network analyzer set to "stepped sweep" - sweep moves in discrete
steps"
• Network analyzer configured in reverse coupler configuration ("RCVB B
in" to "CPLR THRU", "SOURCE OUT" to "CPLR ARM")
• After full two-port electrical calibration using an Electronic Calibration
Module, Keysight N4694A, at constant temperature (±1°C) with
network analyzer set to -15 dBm electrical output power.
• Modulation-bias optimization set to "every sweep"
• Using the supplied flexible test port cables 1.85 mm f m (Part number
N4697-60030) for NA options x7z and 2.4 mm f m (Part number
85133-60043) for NA options x4z and x5z.
• Measurement frequency grid equals electrical calibration grid
• Tested from Port 1 to Port 2, respectively from Port 1 to Port 4 for
4-port PNA
• DUT signal delay ~0.1/IF-BW
• Specified temperature range: +20°C to +26°C
• After warm-up time of 90 minutes
• Using high quality electrical and optical connectors in perfect condition
• Using internal laser source
The optical test set always has angled connectors. Depending on the
selected option (-021 straight, -022 angled) the appropriate jumper cable
will be delivered. This jumper cable must always be used in front to the
optical test set to protect the connectors at the optical test set and is
required for performance tests.

11 Specifications
Transmitter and Receiver Specifications
Optical test set

Operation frequency range N5227A% PNA 10 MHz to 67 GHz
N5225A% PNA 10 MHz to 50 GHz
N5224A% PNA 10 MHz to 43.5 GHz
Connector type Optical input
SMF angled with Keysight versatile connector interface
Optical output
Optical source input PMF angled, with Keysight versatile connector interface, polarization orientation aligned with
(rear) connector key
RF 1.85 mm male
LCA optical input
Operating input wavelength range 1290 nm to 1610 nm 3

1
Maximum linear average input power Optical input 1 +4 dBm @ 1310 nm
+5 dBm @ 1550 nm
Optical input 2 +14 dBm @ 1310 nm
+15 dBm @ 1550 nm
Maximum safe average input power Optical input 1 +7 dBm
Optical input 2 +17 dBm
Optical return loss (typical) 1 > 25 dBo
Average power measurement range 1 Optical input 1 ¥G%PWRG%PRQRSWLFDOLQSXW
Optical input 2 ¥G%PWRG%PRQRSWLFDOLQSXW
Average power measurement ± 0.5 dBo

uncertainty (typical) 1
LCA optical output (Internal source)
Optical modulation index (OMI) at 10 > 27% @ +5 dBm RF

GHz (typical)…
> 47% @ +10 dBm RF power
Output wavelength Option -100, -102 (1310 ± 20) nm
Option -101, -102 (1550 ± 20) nm
Average output power range ¥G%PWRG%P#QP
¥G%PWRG%P#QP
Average output power uncertainty ± 0.5 dBo

(typical) 2
Average output power stability, ± 0.5 dBo

15 minutes (typical)
1. Wavelength within range as specified for LCA optical output.
2. After modulator optimization.
3. Excluding water absorption wavelength.

Specifications 11
Optical test set

External optical source input (-050)
Recommended optical input power 4 +8 to +15 dBm
Optical input power damage level +20 dBm
Typical loss at quadrature bias point 9 dB
Operating input wavelength range 1290 nm to 1610 nm 3
LCA RF test port input
Maximum safe input level at port A or B +15 dBm RF, 7V DC

3. Excluding water absorption wavelength.
4. Required source characteristics: SMSR > 35 dB, line width < 10 MHz, power stability < 0.1 dB pp, PER > 20 dB, unmodulated, single mode.

11 Specifications
Specifications for Electro-Optical Measurements at 1310 nm (E/O Mode)
1(V\VWHPZLWKQHWZRUNDQDO\]HU1$%1$%1$% option 200, 201, 219, 400, 401, or 419.
Specifications are valid under the stated measurement conditions.

– At optical input 1 (“+ 7 dBm max”). At optical input 2 (“+ 17 dBm max”), specifications are typically the same for
10 dB higher incident average and modulated optical power.
– For wavelength: (1310 ± 10) nm (Option -100, 102).
– Specifications apply to the frequency range of the used PNA. For N5225A% specifications are typical for frequency
range 47 GHz to 50 GHz.
System 0.05 GHz to 0.2 GHz to 0.7 GHz to 20 GHz to 50 GHz to

performance GHz GHz GHz 50 GHz 65 GHz
Relative frequency DUT response – – –
response uncertainty
Ě¥G%:$1 ± 0.8 dBe typical ± 1.0 dBe ± 1.1 dBe ± 1.1 dBe ± 2.4 dBe
(± 0.7 dBe, typical) ( ± 0.8 dBe, typical) (± 0.8 dBe, typical) (± 1.7 dBe, typical)
Ě¥G%:$ ± 0.8 dBe ± 0.8 dBe ± 0.8 dBe ± 0.8 dBe ± 1.8 dBe
(typical)
(typical)
Absolute frequency DUT response – – – – –
response uncertainty
Ě¥G%:$1 ± 1.7 dBe typical ± 2.4 dBe ± 2.6 dBe ± 2.7 dBe ± 3.2 dBe
(± 1.7 dBe, typical) (± 1.8 dBe, typical) (± 1.9 dBe, typical) (± 2.2 dBe, typical)
Frequency response DUT response – – – – –
repeatability (typical)
Ě¥G%:$1 ± 0.03 dBe ± 0.03 dBe ± 0.05 dBe ± 0.15 dBe ± 0.25 dBe
Minimum measurable frequency response (noise ¥G%:$ ¥G%:$ ¥G%:$ ¥G%:$ ¥G%:$
floor) 2, 4, 5
Phase uncertainty DUT response – – – – –
(typical) 3
Ě¥G%:$1 ± 3.5° ± 3.0° ± 2.7° ± 3.7° ± 5.5°
Ě¥G%:$ ± 3.5° ± 3.5° ± 2.7° ± 4.8° ± 9.0°
Group delay uncertainty Derived from phase uncertainty, see section “Group delay uncertainty”.
Example: ± 2.0° ĵ8 ps (1 GHz aperture)
)RU'87UHVSRQVHPD[¥G%:$
2. IFBW = 10 Hz.
([FHSWSKDVHZUDSDOLDVLQJ([DPSOH$'87JURXSGHOD\RIQVPFDEOHOHQJWKUHTXLUHVDIUHTXHQF\VWHSVL]HRIę*+]WRDYRLGSKDVHZUDSV
Excluding a constant group delay offset of < ± 0.3 ns typical. (Cable length uncertainty < ± 0.06 m). A constant group delay offset leads to a phase offset
đŠ ¡§đ*'§IPRGLQGHJ
4. Average value over frequency range.
5. In reverse coupler configuration, for normal configuration add typically 35 dB (0.05 GHz to 0.2 GHz), 12 dB (0.2 GHz to 0.7 GHz), 8 dB (> 0.7 GHz).

Specifications 11
Specifications for Electro-Optical Measurements at 1550 nm (E/O Mode)

– At optical input 1 (“+ 7 dBm max”). At optical input 2 (“+ 17 dBm max”), specifications are typically the same for
10 dB higher incident average and modulated optical power.

Relative frequency DUT response – – –
response Ě¥G%:$1 ± 0.7 dBe, ± 0.8 dBe ± 0.8 dBe ± 1.0 dBe ± 1.6 dBe
uncertainty typical (± 0.6 dBe, (± 0.6 dBe, (± 0.7 dBe, (± 1.1 dBe,
typical) typical) typical) typical)
(typical)
(typical)
response Ě¥G%:$ 1
±1.2 dBe, typical ± 1.8 dBe ± 1.8 dBe ± 1.9 dBe ± 2.7 dBe
uncertainty (± 1.2 dBe, (± 1.2 dBe, (± 1.2 dBe, (± 1.8 dBe,
typical) typical) typical) typical)
Frequency response DUT response – – – –
repeatability Ě¥G%:$ 1
± 0.02 dBe ± 0.02 dBe ± 0.02 dBe ± 0.1 dBe ± 0.2 dBe
(typical)
Ě¥G%:$ ± 0.02 dBe ± 0.02 dBe ± 0.1 dBe ± 1 dBe ± 2.0 dBe
Minimum measurable frequency response ¥G%:$ ¥G%:$ ¥G%:$ ¥G%:$ ¥G%:$
(noise floor) 2, 4, 5
(typical) 3 Ě¥G%:$1 ± 3.5° ± 3.0° ± 2.3° ± 3.2° ± 4.5°
Ě¥G%:$ ± 5.5° ± 3.5° ± 2.3° ± 4.2° ± 6.5°
Example: ¡ĵSV*+]DSHUWXUH
)RU'87UHVSRQVHPD[¥G%:$
2. IFBW = 10 Hz.
([FHSWSKDVHZUDSDOLDVLQJ([DPSOH$'87JURXSGHOD\RIQVPFDEOHOHQJWKUHTXLUHVDIUHTXHQF\VWHSVL]HRIę*+]WRDYRLGSKDVH
wraps). Excluding a constant group delay offset of < ± 0.3 ns typical. (Cable length uncertainty < ± 0.06 m). A constant group delay offset leads
WRDSKDVHRIIVHWđŠ ¡§đ*'§IPRGLQGHJ

11 Specifications
Specifications for Opto-Electrical Measurements at 1310 nm (O/E Mode)

– For external source optical input, all specifications are typical. 2, 5, 6

Relative frequency DUT response – – – – –
response uncertainty 2
Ě¥G%$:1 ± 0.8 dBe, ± 1.0 dBe ± 1.1 dBe ± 1.7 dBe ± 2.2 dBe
typical (± 0.7 dBe) 7 (± 0.8 dBe) 7 (± 1.2 dBe) 7 (± 1.5 dBe) 7
Ě¥G%$: ± 0.8 dBe ± 0.7 dBe ± 0.8 dBe ± 1.3 dBe ± 1.6 dBe
(typical)
(typical)
response uncertainty 2 1 7
Ě¥G%$: (± 1.5 dBe) ± 2.4 dBe ± 2.4 dBe ± 2.8 dBe ± 3.2 dBe
(± 1.5 dBe) 7 (± 1.5 dBe) 7 (± 1.8 dBe) 7 (± 2.1 dBe) 7
repeatability (typical) 2
Ě¥G%$:1 ± 0.03 dBe ± 0.03 dBe ± 0.05 dBe ± 0.3 dBe ± 0.5 dBe
Minimum measurable frequency response (noise ¥G%$: ¥G%$: ¥G%$: ¥G%$: ¥G%$:
floor) 2, 3, 8, 9
(typical) 2, 4
Ě¥G%$:1 ± 3.5° ± 3.0° ± 2.7° ± 4.4° ± 6.0°
Ě¥G%$: ± 5.5° ± 3.5° ± 2.7° ± 4.9° ± 7.5°
Example: ± 2.0° ĵ ± 8 ps (1 GHz aperture)
'87UHVSRQVHPD[¥G%$:
2. For +4 dBm average output power from LCA optical output.
3. IFBW = 10 Hz.
Excluding a constant group delay offset of < ± 0.3 ns typical. (Cable length uncertainty < ± 0.06 m). A constant group delay offset leads to a phase
RIIVHWđŠ ¡§đ*'§IPRGLQGHJ
5. After CW responsivity and user calibration with external source.
6. Requires option -100 or -102.
7. Typical with internal source.

Specifications 11
Specifications for Opto-Electrical Measurements at 1550 nm (O/E Mode)


performance 0.2*+] 0.7*+] 20*+] 50 GHz 65 GHz
Ě¥G%$:1 ± 0.7 dBe, ± 0.8 dBe ± 0.9 dBe ± 1.2 dBe ± 1.9 dBe
typical (± 0.6 dBe) 7 (± 0.7 dBe) 7 (± 0.8 dBe) 7 (± 1.3 dBe) [7]
(typical)
(typical)
Ě¥G%$:1 (± 1.1 dBe) 7 ± 1.9 dBe ±1.9 dBe ± 2.0 dBe ± 2.8 dBe
(± 1.1 dBe) 7 (± 1.1 dBe) 7 (± 1.2 dBe) 7 (± 1.6 dBe) 7
Ě¥G%$:1 ± 0.02 dBe ± 0.02 dBe ± 0.02 dBe ± 0.3 dBe ± 0.5 dBe
Minimum measurable frequency response (noise ¥G%$: ¥G%$: ¥G%$: ¥G%$: ¥G%$:
floor) 2, 3, 8, 9
(typical) 2, 4
Ě¥G%$:1 ± 3.5° ± 3.0° ± 2.4° ± 3.2° ± 5.0°
Ě¥G%$: ± 5.5° ± 3.5° ± 2.4° ± 5.0° ± 7.0°
)RU'87UHVSRQVHPD[¥G%$:
3. IFBW = 10 Hz.
Excluding a constant group delay offset of < ± 0.3 ns typical. (Cable length uncertainty < ± 0.06 m). A constant group delay offset leads to a phase
RIIVHWđŠ ¡§đ*'§IPRGLQGHJ
7. Typical with internal source.

11 Specifications
Specifications for Optical to Optical Measurements at 1310 nm (O/O Mode)

– At optical input 1 (“+7 dBm max”). At optical input 2 (“+17 dBm max”), specifications are typically the same for 10 dB
higher incident average and modulated optical power.

Ě¥G%H ± 0.4 dBe, typical ± 0.4 dBe ± 0.4 dBe ± 0.5 dBe ± 0.6 dBe
Ě¥G%R4 (± 0.2 dBo) (± 0.2 dBo) (± 0.2 dBo) (± 0.25 dBo) (± 0.3 dBo)
Ě¥G%H ± 0.2 dBe ± 0.2 dBe ± 0.2 dBe ± 0.7 dBe ± 1.0 dBe
Ě¥G%RW\SLFDO (± 0.1 dBo) (± 0.1 dBo) (± 0.1 dBo) (± 0.35 dBo) (± 0.5 dBo)
Ě¥G%R4
Ě¥G%H ± 0.03 dBe ±0.03 dBe ± 0.1 dBe ± 0.4 dBe ± 0.8 dBe
Ě¥G%R
Ě¥G%H ± 0.03 dBe ±0.03 dBe ± 0.1 dBe ± 1 dBe ± 1.5 dBe
Ě¥G%R
Minimum measurable frequency response (noise ¥G%HW\SLFDO ¥G%H ¥G%H ¥G%H ¥G%H
floor) 1, 2, 7, 8 ¥G%R ¥G%R ¥G%R ¥G%R ¥G%R
(typical) 2, 3
Ě¥G%H4 ± 3.5° ± 3.0° ± 2.2° ± 2.7° ± 3.5°
Ě¥G%R
Ě¥G%H ± 5.5° ± 3.5° ± 2.2° ± 3.3° ± 4.0°
Ě¥G%R
1. IFBW = 10 Hz.
4. For DUT response max. +6 dBe (+3 dBo) gain.

Specifications 11
Specifications for Optical to Optical Measurements at 1550 nm (O/O Mode)

– At optical input 1 (“+7 dBm max”). At optical input 2 (“+17 dBm max”), specifications are typically the same for 10 dB
higher incident average and modulated optical power.
– For wavelength: (1550 ± 20) nm (Option -101,102).

Ě¥G%H ± 0.2 dBe ± 0.2 dBe ± 0.3 dBe ± 0.7 dBe ±1.3 dBe
Ě¥G%R (± 0.1 dBo) (± 0.1 dBo) (± 0.15 dBo) (± 0.35 dBo) (± 0.65 dBo)
(typical)
Ě¥G%R4
Ě¥G%R
Ě¥G%H ± 0.02 dBe ± 0.02 dBe ± 0.1 dBe ±1.0 dBe ± 2.0 dBe
Ě¥G%R
Minimum measurable frequency response (noise ¥G%HW\SLFDO ¥G%H ¥G%H ¥G%H ¥G%H
floor) 1, 2, 7, 8 ¥G%R ¥G%R ¥G%R ¥G%R ¥G%R
(typical) 2, 3
Ě¥G%H4 ± 3.5° ± 3.0° ± 2.2° ± 2.6° ± 3.0°
Ě¥G%R
Ě¥G%H ± 5.5° ± 3.5° ± 2.2° ± 3.0° ± 3.5°
Ě¥G%R
1. IFBW = 10 Hz.
4. For DUT response max. +6 dBe (+3 dBo) gain.
6. Requires option 101 or -102.

11 Specifications
Specifications for Electrical-Electrical Measurements (E/E Mode)
All specifications of the 1$%1$%1$% option 200, 201, 219, 400, 401, or 419 Network Analyzer
apply depending on selected LCA option -x4z, -x5z, -x7z. Please see the corresponding Network Analyzer data sheet
and User’s Guide.

For more details see specifications of the 1$%1$%1$% option 200, 201, 219, 400, 401, or 419.
Group delay
Group delay is computed by measuring the phase change within a specified aperture (for aperture see below):
Phase change [deg]

GD [s] = ------------------------------- (Equation 1)
Aperture [Hz] * 360

Is calculated from the specified phase uncertainty and from the aperture (for aperture see below):
Phase uncertainty [±deg]

GD [±s] = ----------------------------------- *sqrt(2) (Equation 2)
Aperture [Hz] * 360
Aperture
Determined by the frequency span and the number of points per sweep:
Aperture: (frequency span) / (number of points–1)
GD Range
The maximum group delay is limited to measuring no more than ±180 degrees of phase change within the selected
aperture (see Equation 1).

Specifications 11
General Characteristics
Weight Net Packaged

43.5 GHz LCA (2/4 port) 58/61 kg (128/135 lbs) 58/61 kg (128/135 lbs)
50 GHz LCA (2/4 port) 58/61 kg (128/135 lbs) 58/61 kg (128/135 lbs)
67 GHz LCA (2/4 port) 60/63 kg (133/139 lbs) 80/83 kg (177/183 lbs)
Assembled dimensions (H x W x D)
43.5/50/67 GHz LCA 413 mm x 438 mm x 605 mm (16.3 in x 17.3 in x 23.8 in)
Power requirements
43.5/50/67 GHz LCA 100 to 240 V~, 50 to 60 Hz max. 400 VA
ShiSSLQJ&ontents
43.5/50 GHz LCA 67 GHz LCA
N5224/5A% NA according to ordered option N5227A% NA according to ordered option
3x 85133-600 f-m flexible test port MW cable (4-port network analyzer) or 3x N4697-6000 f-m flexible test port MW cable (4-port network analyzer) or
2x 85133-600 f-m flexible test port MW cable (2-port network analyzer) 2x N4697-600 f-m flexible test port MW cable (2-port network analyzer)
1x 85056-60006 (2.4 mm f-f adapter) 1x N5520B-FG (1.85 mm f-f adaptor)

1x N4373( optical test set 1x N4373( optical test set
2x 85058-60121 test port adapter (f)-(f)
3x 81000NI optical adaptor (1x additional 81000NI optical adaptor for external input option #050)
[1P)&$3&)&3&SDWFKFRUGDQG[)&)&IHHGWKURXJKDGDSWHURSWLRQRU
[1P)&$3&)&$3&SDWFKFRUGDQG[)&)&IHHGWKURXJKDGDSWHUIRUQDUURZNH\RSWLRQ
[30)SDWFKFRUGP)&$3&QDUURZNH\IRUH[WHUQDOLQSXWRSWLRQ
1x 8121-1242 USB cable
1x keyboard
1x mouse
1x E5525-10285 UK6 report
1x ($6HWXS*XLGH
1x LCA %&'support CD
2x local power cord
1x RoHS addendum for photonic T&M products[5R+6DGGHQGXPIRUSKRWRQLF7 0DFFHVVRULHV
1 x 1 mounting kit
Connectivity
LCA electrical input LCA electrical output
1.85 mm (m) 1.85 mm (m)
LCA optical input 1 LCA optical input 2
PVLQJOHPRGHDQJOHGZLWK.H\VLJKWXQLYHUVDODGDSWHU PVLQJOHPRGHDQJOHGZLWK.H\VLJKWXQLYHUVDODGDSWHU
LCA external source input (Option -050 only) LCA optical output
PSRODUL]DWLRQPDLQWDLQLQJVLQJOHPRGHDQJOHGZLWK.H\VLJKWXQLYHUVDO PVLQJOHPRGHDQJOHGZLWK.H\VLJKWXQLYHUVDODGDSWHU
adapter

11 Specifications
Storage temperature range

¥¡&WR¡&
Operating temperature range

+5 °C to +35 °C
Humidity
15% to 80% relative humidity, non-condensing
Altitude (Operating)
0 ... 2000 m
Recommended recalibration period

1 year
Laser safety information

All laser sources listed above are classified as Class 1M
according to IEC 60825-12007.
All laser sources comply with 21 CFR 1040.10 except for

deviations pursuant to Laser Notice No. 50, dated 2007-06-24.

Specifications 11
Mechanical Outline Drawings, options 2xx (dimensions in mm)
g p

11 Specifications
Mechanical Outline Drawings, options 4xx (dimensions in mm)

User’s Guide
12 Regulatory and
Warranty Information
Regulatory Information / 166
Declaration of Conformity / 167
Warranty / 168
Phone or Fax / 170
Keysight Online Information / 171
Regulatory Information
Compliance with Canadian EMC Requirements

This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001.
Cet appareil ISM est conforme à la norme NMB-001 du Canada.
Table 2 Notice for Germany: Noise Declaration
Acoustic Noise Emission
LpA < 50 dB
Operator position
Normal operation
per ISO 7779

Regulatory and Warranty Information 12
Declaration of Conformity
For latest DoC, please visit the web link:

http://www.keysight.com/go/conformity

Warranty
All system warranties and support agreements are dependent upon the
integrity of the Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer. Any
modification of the system software or hardware will terminate any
obligation that Keysight Technologies may have to the purchaser. Please
contact your local Keysight field engineer before embarking in any
changes to the system.
System
Included in the sales price is a one-year warranty. In addition to the

one-year warranty, extended warranty periods, on-site troubleshooting,
reduced response times and increased coverage hours can be negotiated
under a separate support agreement and will be charged at an extra cost.
Remove all doubt
Keysight offers a wide range of additional expert test and measurement

services for your equipment, including initial start- up assistance onsite
education and training, as well as design, system integration, and project
management.
Our repair and calibration services will get your equipment back to you,
performing like new, when promised. You will get full value out of your
Keysight equipment throughout its lifetime. Your equipment will be
serviced by Keysight- trained technicians using the latest factory
calibration procedures, automated repair diagnostics and genuine parts.
You will always have the utmost confidence in your measurements.For
more information on repair and calibration services, go to
www.keysight.com/find/removealldoubt
Keysight E-mail Updates
Get the latest information on the products and applications you select.
www.keysight.com/find/emailupdates
myKeysight
Quickly choose and use your test equipment solutions with confidence.
www.keysight.com/find/mykeysight

Keysight Open
Keysight Open simplifies the process of connecting and programming test

systems to help engineers design, validate and manufacture electronic
products. Keysight offers open connectivity for a broad range of system
ready instruments, open industry software, PC-standard I/O and global
support, which are combined to more easily integrate test system
development.
www.keysight.com/find/open

Phone or Fax
United States:
(tel) 800 829 4444
(fax) 800 829 4433
Canada:
(tel) 877 894 4414
(fax) 800 746 4866
China:
(tel) 800 810 0189
(fax) 800 820 2816
Europe:
(tel) 31 20 547 2111
Japan:
(tel) (81) 426 56 7832
(fax) (81) 426 56 7840
Korea:
(tel) (080) 769 0800
(fax) (080) 769 0900
Latin America:
(tel) (305) 269 7500
Taiwan:
(tel) 0800 047 866
(fax) 0800 286 331
Other Asia Pacific Countries: (tel) (65) 6375 8100 (fax) (65) 6755
0042Email: [email protected]

Keysight Online Information
Optical test instruments

www.keysight.com/find/oct
Lightwave Component Analyzers
www.keysight.com/find/lca
Polarization solutions
www.keysight.com/find/pol
Spectral analysis products
www.keysight.com/find/osa
Electro-optical converters
www.keysight.com/find/ref
Optical test instruments accessories
www.keysight.com/find/octaccessories
Firmware and driver download
www.keysight.com/find/octfirmware
Keysight photonic discussion forum
http://www.keysight.com/find/photonic_forum
For Network analyzer related literature, please visit: Keysight Network
Analyzers:
www.keysight.com/find/na
Mechanical and Electronic Calibration Kits:
www.keysight.com/find/ecal
RF Test Accessories, Cabinets, Cables:
ww.keysight.com/find/accessories

User’s Guide
Ordering Information / 174
Power Cords / 176
Ordering Information
The 1( consists of an optical test set and an electrical network analyzer which are mechanically connected. To protect
your network analyzer investment, Keysight offers the integration of an already owned PNA/PNA-X with the optical test set
as listed below.
LCA 1( family options

Wavelength options Description
N4373D-100 1310 nm source optical test set
1(-101 1550 nm source optical test set
1(-102 1300 nm and 1550 nm source optical test set
Network analyzer options Description
1(-240 43.5 GHz, 2 ports, single source PNA (N5224%-200) and RF-cables
1(-241 43.5 GHz, 2 ports, single source PNA (N5224%-201) with configurable test set and RF-cables
1(-242 43.5 GHz, 2 ports, single source PNA (N5224%-219) with configurable test set, extended power range, bias-tees and RF-cables
1(-250 50 GHz, 2 ports, single source PNA (N5225%-200) and RF-cables
1(-251 50 GHz, 2 ports, single source PNA (N5225%-201) with configurable test set and RF-cables
1(-252 50 GHz, 2 ports, single source PNA (N5225%-219) with configurable test set, extended power range, bias-tees and RF-cables
1(-270 67 GHz, 2 ports, single source PNA (N5225%-200) and RF-cables
1(-271 67 GHz, 2 ports, single source PNA (N5227%-201) with configurable test set and RF-cables
1(-272 67 GHz, 2 ports, single source PNA (N5227%-219) with configurable test set, extended power range, bias-tees and RF-cables
1(-440 43.5 GHz, 4 ports, dual source PNA (N5224%-400) and RF-cables
1(-441 43.5 GHz, 4 ports, dual source PNA (N5224%-401) with configurable test set and RF-cables
1(-442 43.5 GHz, 4 ports, dual source PNA (N5224%-419) with configurable test set, extended power range, bias-tees and RF-cables
1(-450 50 GHz, 4 ports, dual source PNA (N5225%-400) and RF-cables
1(-451 50 GHz, 4 ports, dual source PNA (N5225%-401) with configurable test set and RF-cables
1(-452 50 GHz, 4 ports, dual source PNA (N5225%-419) with configurable test set, extended power range, bias-tees and RF-cables
1(-470 67 GHz, 4 ports, dual source PNA (N5227%-400) and RF-cables
1(-471 67 GHz, 4 ports, dual source PNA (N5227%-401) with configurable test set and RF-cables
1(-472 67 GHz, 4 ports, dual source PNA (N5227%-419) with configurable test set, extended power range, bias-tees and RF-cables
1(-249 Integration of customer's 43.5 GHz, 2 port PNA (N5224$% or N5244$%) with any configuration
and RF-cables 1
1(-259 Integration of customer's 50 GHz, 2 port PNA (N5225$% or N5245$%) with any configuration
and RF-cables 1
and RF-cables 1
1(-449 Integration of customer's 43.5 GHz, 4 port PNA (N5224$% or N5244$%) with any configuration
and RF-cables 1
and RF-cables 1
and RF-cables 1
1. Guaranteed specification applies only for the above mentioned network analyzer options.

Ordering Information 13
LCA N4373( family options (continued)

Software options 2 Description
6$ Time-domain measurements
Connector options Description
N4373(-021 Straight FC/PC SM
N4373(-022 Angled FC/APC SM
Test set options Description
N4373(-050 External optical input

Recommended accessories
Rack mount kit for network analyzer Description
5063-9217 Rack mount flange kit - 265.9 mm height for installation without handles
E3663AC Basic rail kit (for system II instruments)
Rack mount kit for LCA test set Description
5063-9214 Rack mount flange kit - 132.6 mm height for installation without handles
E3663AC Basic rail kit (for system II instruments)
2.For detailed ordering requirements for software optionsrefer to the LCA configuration guide.
. )RULQIRUPDWLRQDERXWRWKHUVRIWZDUHRSWLRQVUHIHUWRWKHQHWZRUNDQDO\]HUFRQILJXUDWLRQJXLGH

Power Cords
Power Cords
8164B-900 United Kingdom 8120-1351
8164B-901 Australia & New Zealand 8120-4419
8164B-902 Continental Europe 8120-1689
8164B-903 United States (120 V) 8120-1378
8164B-906 Switzerland 8120-2104
8164B-912 Denmark 8120-3997
8164B-917 Republic of South Africa and India 8120-4211
8164B-918 Japan 8120-4753
8164B-919 Israel 8120-5182
8164B-922 China 8120-8376
8164B-927 Brazil and Thailand 8120-8871

Index
A I Ordering Information, 173
Additional Cleaning Initial safety information, 14

Equipment, 122 Instrument, 11
P
Instrument markings, 11 Power Cords, 176
B Preparation, 40
K Preserving Connectors, 124
Backing Up, 138
Keysight, 171
Keysight Online Information, 171
R
C
Regulatory Information, 166
Calibration Concept, 112 L Reinstalling the LCA software, 139
Cleaning connectors, 126
Cleaning Instructions, 118 LCA Block Diagram, 101
LCA Function Keys, 86
S
Lightwave Component
D Analyzer, 10
Safety Precautions, 118
Safety symbols, 11
Declaration of Conformity, 11, 167 Loading setups, 90 Saving, 89
Definition of Terms, 142 Saving setups, 89
Differential, 91 M Single, 109
Differential EO measurements, 111 Single-Ended, 91
Differential Measurements, 110 Maintenance, 117 Single-Ended Measurements, 109
Differential OE measurements, 111 Measure Mode, 91 Specifications, 150
Differential results, 112 Measurement Parameters, 88 Standard Cleaning Equipment, 119
Documentation, 10 Measurement Techniques, 100
Measuring 75 Ohm devices, 114
T
E
N Triggering Concepts, 114
Electrical Calibration, 41 Troubleshooting, 135
Electrical Connection, 46 N4373E, 10
Electro-optical Operation, 46 Network, 40
EO measurements, 102 Network analyzer settings, 40
U
Explanation of Terms, 152 Unpacking, 26
External, 115
External Optical Source, 115 O Updating the LCA software, 139
OE measurements, 103
W
F OO measurements, 103
Optical Connections, 43 Warranty, 168
Fuse, 133 Optical CW Operation, 43
Opto-electric Devices, 104

This information is subject to
change without notice.
© Keysight Technologies 2018
Edition 1.0, June 2018
www.keysight.com

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Keysight N4373E Lightwave

2 Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer User’s Guide

Optical Test Set Front and Rear Panels 18

2 Setting Up the Instrument

3 Performance Quick Check

Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer User’s Guide 3

Verifying the Optical Connections and Optical CW Operation 43

Measuring Opto-Electrical (OE) devices 58

Returning to Electrical Measurements 74

4 Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer User’s Guide

5 User Interface Reference

The Measurement Parameters 91

Signal Relationships in Opto-Electric Devices 104

Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer User’s Guide 5

Triggering Concepts 114

Replacing the Fuse 133

6 Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer User’s Guide

9 Reinstalling and Updating the Software

Transmitter and Receiver Specifications 152

Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer User’s Guide 7

Specifications for Electrical-Electrical Measurements (E/E

12 Regulatory and Warranty Information

Phone or Fax 170

8 Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer User’s Guide

The documentation for the Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component

10 Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer User’s Guide

General Safety Considerations

The caution sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure

The warning sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure

The instruction manual symbol. The product is marked with this

The laser radiation symbol. This warning symbol is marked on

The Off-On symbols are used to mark the positions of the

Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer User’s Guide 11

The C-Tick mark is the certification mark of the Australian

The CE mark is the conformity marking of the

The CSA mark is a the certification mark of the Canadian

If this product is not used as specified, the protection provided by the

No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified service

This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with protective earth). The

12 Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer User’s Guide

To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the instrument from mains

Using controls or adjustments or performing procedures other than

This product complies with over-voltage Category II and Pollution

Ventilation requirements: When installing the product in a cabinet, the

Always use the three-prong AC power cord supplied with this

Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer User’s Guide 13

Initial safety information

The laser source used in the Lightwave Component Analyzer is classified

Laser class 1M label

Figure 1 Class 1M Safety Label

A sheet of laser safety labels is included. In order to meet the requirements

14 Keysight N4373E Lightwave Component Analyzer User’s Guide

#100, #102 #101, #102

Laser Wavelength range 1310 ± 20 nm 1550 ± 20 nm

Laser Type DFB DFB

Laser Class according to IEC 60825-1 1M 1M

Max. permissible CW output power of LCA* < 15 mW < 15 mW