University Of Saint Louis

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

ECO-FRIENDLY AIR COOLER

Callo, Froilan M.
Galla, Francine Ashley T.
Pagulayan, Justin Rome C.
Romero, Harvey Noel C.

7-Wisdom

April 2018

Mr. Marvin C. Baccay

Research Adviser
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study

In some parts of the Philippines it is hot. Mainly in Tuguegarao City which has
been named the hottest place in the Philippines, as said by the state weather bureau.
In the years 1912 and 1969 the highest temperature in the city has been recorded with
a temperature of 42.2oC according to PAGASA. But aside from the high temperatures
recorded in the city, waste is also a problem. With a total of 153,502 residents in the
year 2015 as said in the website, citypopulation.de, there is no doubt that wastes,
either biodegradable or non-biodegradable, are scattered around the city. That is why
the researchers came up with an idea, an air conditioner that is made up of plastic
bottles.

According to brucesac.com, some air conditioners today contain liquid

refrigerant composed of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), were later found to emit
greenhouse gases. This is why they decided to invent an air conditioner made up of
plastic bottles, because it does not have greenhouse gases that contribute to global
warming, which is the cause of increasing temperatures around the planet.

The researchers arrived with this kind of problem by recognizing the effects of
extreme heat to people and the amount of plastic bottles scattered everywhere. The
effects of extreme heat to people may lead to dehydration and more. They also saw
the effects of scattered plastic bottles around the city, it may cause flood and have
negative effects in nature.

The researchers chose this problem about the heat of the sun because this is the
reason why many people suffer different kinds of diseases. The heat of the sun is also
the cause of high blood pressure. So the researchers decided to invent air conditioner
made of plastic bottles. We did not choose other problems because the heat of the sun
that can cause disease is always present in the city.

Some air conditioners are expensive , this is also the reason why they came up
with this idea. Because the air conditioner made up of plastic bottles is cheap and
affordable. This is a new technology that helps the world prevent trash and helps
people, let it be financially or physically because it is safe and affordable for
everybody.
B. Statement of the Problem

This study aims to reduce the temperature and to reduce the bad effects of heat to
the human body. More specifically, it seeks to find the answers to the following
questions:

1. Is there a relationship between the amount of ice used and the decrease of the
room temperature?
2. How long will it take before the maximum amount of ice is fully melted?
3. Is there a relationship between the span of time of use and the room temperature?
4. How wide is the room that the air cooler can cool?

C. Significance of the study

“Ozone layer depletion is one of the most serious problems faced by our planet
earth. It is also one of the prime reasons which are leading to global warming.” As said
by www.7continents5oceans.com. The use of air coolers are prevalent in today’s society.
But as we use such air coolers, it emits chlorofluorocarbon, a type of a greenhouse gas,
which is also a factor in destroying our ozone layer. The researchers came up with an
idea that would surely help us and it can be also one of our solutions in global warming.
Eco- friendly Air cooler is important because it can be a solution to solve the most
prevailing issues faced by mother earth.

Heat exhaustion, heat cramps, and heat stroke, this illnesses are the most common
and prevalent to the Philippines, mainly in our city. The main endeavor of this study is to
minimize the temperature in our houses in times if the sun is at its peak. And to reduce
illnesses caused by the heat of the sun. It also aims to increase its benefits in financial
aspects because it aims to become much cheaper compared to air coolers sold on the
market.

The growing waste from plastic bottles is now a problem around the world, a
report of the news site British Broadcasting Company (BBC) said. According to
www.gmanetwork.com, “Around the world, several programs are being undertaken with
the growing problem about discarded water bottles”. These issues are also not pleasing to
read and also not pleasing to the eye. It is described that as small and as simple as plastic
bottles, it causes a big problem to our planet. That is why this study is also a significant
endeavor in reducing waste of plastic bottles around the city.

As simple as an air cooler made up of plastic bottles can have a big difference and
solution to the prevailing issues our world faces today. Thinking how big the problem is,
as people contribute efforts we can save our mother earth. As Miss Earth 2017 Karen
Ibasco says, “ A micro effort can have a macro effect to save our home our planet”.
D. Scope and Delimitation

The scope of this study is to minimize the heat cause by the sun . The study will
also focus on the effects of the air cooler to people, if its either good or bad. The study
will also focus in buying cheap and affordable but durable and non- defective materials.

The researchers selected only one geographical setting which is the Tuguegarao
City for the basis if the product will be effective. It will also not use heavy voltages of
electricity and will just focus on more practical everyday things. The scope of this study
is to also minimize the minor effects of the ultra violet rays of the sun.

The study will also focus on the processes undertaken in the making of this
product to ensure its durability and its duty to generate hot air to cool air.

This study will not focus in tackling high amounts of voltage as it may cause a lot
more problem as it may melt the plastic bottles if in use. The limits of the product is to
also reduce the temperature but not more than 5 degrees Celsius. The product is also
focused in smaller rooms and rooms not as large.

The arrangement of the study will be in order of its productions starting from
gathering plastic bottles to the product making in order to be organized.

E. Definition of Terms

1. Air cooler- A device for reducing the temperature of air, typically inside a
building. (www.enoxforddictionaries.com)

2. Ice- a frozen water. (www.merriam-webster.com)

3. Temperature- A measure of the warmth or coldness of an object or substance

with reference to some standard value. ( www.dictionary.com)

4. Global warming- An increase in the earth’s average atmospheric temperature that

causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse
effect. (www.dictionary.com)

5. Chlorofluorocarbon- A greenhouse gas.

6. Ultra violet rays- Invisible rays that are part of the energy that comes from the
sun, can burn the skin, and cause skin cancer. (www.medicinenet.com)
 Chapter II
Review of Related Literature

Air cooling is a method of dissipating heat. It is also the process of removing heat
from the interior of an occupied space, to improve the comfort of the occupant. This
chapter includes ideas, researches and others. Those that were included in this chapter
helps in familiarizing information that are relevant and similar to the study.

Ice storage air conditioner

Outdoor activities are enjoyed by many already but hot weather can often reduce
this enjoyment. Further, genuine dangers may exist to some who become too hot.
Unfortunately, many outdoor activities are only available in the summer. Parents,
grandparents, and other family members may wish to watch outdoor summer sports or
attend the beach with family, for example, but are limited in their ability to do so because
of the heat. The invention of the present disclosure, in one aspect thereof, comprises a
device including a portable chest, a radiator in the chest, a liquid pump in the chest that
moves liquid through the radiator, and a fan for providing an airflow across the radiator.
The portable chest stores a quantity of liquid that is pumped through the radiator by the
liquid pump to chill the airflow provided by the fan. (Donaldson and Yonce, 2012)

A major portion of electricity consumption in buildings in residential,

administrative, and commercial sectors is related to air-conditioning (A/C) systems. To
reduce and shift the electricity consumption of A/C systems from on-peak hours to off-
peak hours, an ice thermal energy storage (ITES) can be utilized. In this paper, thermo-
economic optimization of an ITES system was carried out for A/C applications. In order
to consider the environmental aspects, a penalty cost was considered for CO2emission.
Applying the genetic algorithm optimization technique, the optimum values of system
design parameters were obtained. (Sanaye and Shirazi, 2012)

This presents an optimal dispatch model of an ice storage air-conditioning system

for participants to quickly and accurately perform energy saving and demand response,
and to avoid the over contact with electricity price peak. (Chi-Chun Lo et.al, 2016)

The gas turbine power output and efficiency decrease with increasing ambient
temperature. With compressor inlet air cooling, the air density and mass flow rate as well
as the gas turbine net power output increase. The inlet cooling techniques include vapor
or absorption refrigeration systems, evaporative cooling systems and thermal energy
storage (TES) systems. (Sanaye, Fardad, Mostakhdemi, 2010)

The ice storage air-cooling system with heat pipe was presented, and analytical
model relating to the exergy loss amount and loss rate was developed in each component
of the ice storage air-conditioning system. (Fang, Liu, 2010)
 Ice-storage air-conditioning system, while known for its advantage of shifting
power consumption at peak hours during the day to the nighttime. . The study adopts
particle swarm algorithm to facilitate optimization of ice-storage air-conditioning systems
and to develop optimal operating strategies, using minimal life cycle cost as the objective
function. (Wen-Shing Lee et.al, 2008)

An experimental study on operation performance of ice storage air-conditioning

system with separate helical heat pipe is conducted in this paper. The experimental
system of ice storage air-conditioning system with separate heat pipe is set up.(Fang et.al,
2009)

In the present work, an ice thermal energy storage (ITES) system incorporating a
phase change material (PCM) as the partial cold storage was modeled for air-conditioning
(A/C) applications. The system was analyzed from energy, exergy, economic, and
environmental aspects (4E analysis) for charging and discharging processes. Utilizing
genetic algorithm optimization technique, multi-objective optimization of the system was
performed and the optimal values of system design parameters were obtained. (Sanaye
et.al, 2013)

Evaporative Cooling

The present paper deals with experimental investigation of the performance of air
cooled split air conditioner, with evaporative water mist pre cooling to increase the
cooling capacity and reduce the consumption power under hot and dry climate. This
investigation considers how the performance can be enhanced by using water mist to pre-
cool ambient air entering the condensers by adiabatic cooling process which depends on
the ambient air wet bulb temperature; as well the condensing temperature and condensing
pressure will be decreased accordingly. ( Jassim, 2017)

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the Coefficient of

Performance (COP)’s augmentation of an air conditioning system utilizing an evaporative
cooling condenser. The experimental facility consisted of four major components, which
are, the compressor, the evaporator, the thermal expansion valve, and the
condenser. (Wang et.al, 2014)

Increasing the coefficient of performance of air conditioner with air-cooled

condenser is a challenging problem especially in area with very hot weather conditions.
Application of evaporatively cooled air condenser instead of air-cooled condenser is
proposed in this paper as an efficient way to solve the problem. An evaporative cooler
was built and coupled to the existing air-cooled condenser of a split-air-conditioner in
order to measure its effect on the cycle performance under various ambient air
temperatures up to 49 °C. Experimental results show that application of evaporatively
cooled air condenser has significant effect on the performance improvement of the cycle
and the rate of improvement is increased as ambient air temperature increases. (Haji
Davalloo, Eghtedari, 2010)
 This paper investigates a mathematical simulation and optimization of the heat and
mass transfer processes in the indirect evaporative air cooler. The heat exchanger uses a
novel combined parallel and regenerative counter-flow arrangement. A two-dimensional
heat and mass transfer model is developed to perform the thermal calculations of the
indirect evaporative cooling process.(Anisimov et.al,2014)

We present simulation results on a novel dew-point evaporative air conditioner

which was designed based on a counter-flow closed-loop configuration consisting of
separated working channels and product channels. The novel evaporative air conditioner
is able to cool air to temperature below ambient wet-bulb temperature and approaching
dew-point temperature. (Chua et.al,2014)

Air cooling

A personal air cooling apparatus includes a main housing having a hollow interior
that houses a water-retaining sponge in a first chamber and a motor-driven fan in a
second chamber. A partition wall separates the chambers and is apertured so that air
pulled into the first chamber flows through the sponge and through the aperture into an
air passageway that leads to an air outlet vent that directs a strong flow of cooled air onto
the user. (Chan, 2008)

A portable evaporative cooler includes a first reservoir for holding a working fluid
and having an air inlet and an air outlet. A partition separates the first reservoir from a
second reservoir which stores a reserve fluid. A chute curved from the partition through
the second reservoir directs the flow of air from the air outlet through a curved path. A
valve in the partition replenishes the working fluid from the reserve fluid in the second
reservoir and is responsive to a sensor disposed within the first reservoir. (Reyzin et.al,
2008)

In present scenario human comfort is the main criteria. For that purpose many
Air conditioners are introduced in the market like window AC, split AC and central AC.
Not only for human purpose it is become an essential need for Industrial purpose for both
small scale and large scale industries. For common household purposes maximum we use
Window AC. But during actual use it is not possible to evaluate the performance of an
AC with all the parameters like coefficient of performance and cooling effect. Since these
are the main parameters for an air conditioner. Without these calculations it is also not
possible to know the factors that affecting on the performance of an air conditioner. So in
this thesis main concentration is on investigation on performance parameters of air
conditioner, for this purpose window AC test rig is prepared. By using this test rig easy to
find out the Actual COP. By adding Bottle Neck Arrangement, in order to improve the
performance of air conditioner without any extra amount by using of this simple
arrangement, with this theses we save the power improve the cooling effect of wind air
conditioner especially in summer user can feel more comfort with this type of air
conditioner. (Naidu et.al, 2017)
 An air freshener replacement bottle having an open ended, externally threaded
neck a wick holding sleeve which press fits onto the open end of the bottle. The sleeve
has an outwardly directed flange with a lower face that abuts against an upper end of the
bottle neck. An internally threaded cap is threaded onto the neck of the bottle
compressing the wick holder flange forming a seal. The cap has a cylindrical wall smaller
in diameter than the lower portion of the cap, protruding from its top.(Hall, 2008)

Air Cooling with connection to the human health

With the improvement of standard of living, air-conditioning has widely been

applied. However, health problems associated with air-conditioning systems and indoor
air quality appear more frequently. In this paper, recent research is reviewed on air-
conditioning systems and indoor air quality control for human health. The problems in
the existing research are summarized. A further study is suggested on air-conditioning
systems and indoor air quality control for healthy indoor air environment.( Yu et.al,
2008)
Air cooling in connection to the environment

In this article, we assess the potential development of energy use for future
residential heating and air conditioning in the context of climate change. In a reference
scenario, global energy demand for heating is projected to increase until 2030 and then
stabilize. In contrast, energy demand for air conditioning is projected to increase rapidly
over the whole 2000–2100 period, mostly driven by income growth. The associated
CO2 emissions for both heating and cooling increase from 0.8 Gt C in 2000 to 2.2 Gt C in
2100, i.e. about 12% of total CO2 emissions from energy use (the strongest increase
occurs in Asia). (Isaac,Vuuren, 2008)

In developing country like India, most of the vapor compression based

refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems continue to run on halogenated
refrigerants due to its excellent thermodynamic and thermo-physical properties apart
from the low cost. However, the halogenated refrigerants have adverse environmental
impacts such as ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential
(GWP). (Mohanraj et.al, 2008)

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. Materials:
1. Recycled bottles (Mountain Dew bottles, 300 ml)
2. Plywood (Marine Plywood, with the size of ¾ inch.)
3. Glue
4. Turbine (35 watts)
5. Nails
 B. Procedures (Product Making):
The procedures follow a step by step proceeding which follow as:
1. Prepare the base of the air cooler. The base is where the foundation and where the
materials will be combined.
2. First, wash thoroughly the bottles, cut it and separate the body from its narrow top
part.
3. Third, assemble the body of the bottles together.
4. Wait for the glue to set and dry.
5. Once the glue dried, set the bottles in a 2 by 2 plywood and nails per column
6. Prepare the tip of the bottles.
7. Once the bottles are ready, cut the plywood into desired size.
8. Drill holes with the same size as of the bottles mouth.
9. Then stick the bottle to the holes.
10. After this, wait for it to set and dry.
11. Install it into the front part of the air cooler
12. Prepare the turbine in the back part of the air cooler
13. After assembling the front, back and sides of the air cooler, put a container with
holes. This will be the ice storage.
14. After the ice storage is placed, cover the top.
15. After the top is placed, make a trap door for the entrance of the ice.
16. After everything is finished, double check if there are problems. Make sure
everything is in the right place.

C. Procedure (Product Testing)

1. Put the air cooler at a room with the dimensions of, 3.15 meters by 2.32
meters.

2. This table is a part of a procedure in the product testing that represents the
relationship between the amount of ice and the decrease of the room
temperature.
Decrease in Room
Amount of Ice
Temperature
1.
2.
3.

3. This table represents the observations on how long will it take before the
maximum amount of ice will melt.
Time after ice
OBSERVATIONS
inclusion
15 minutes
30 minutes
1 hour
 4. This table represents the room temperature after such time that the air cooler
has been turned on. The air cooler will be turned on with the specific time
limits.
Time Room Temperature before Room Temperature after
Air Cooler is turned on Air Cooler is turned on
30 minutes
1 hour
1 hour and 30
minutes

5. This table shows the relationship between the wideness or the room size with
the temperature until such time that the time limit will end. The data collected
will be the size of the room and the temperature.
Room Size Room Temperature before Room Temperature after
Air Cooler is turned on 1 hour and 30 minutes

CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results:

Decrease in Room
Amount of Ice
Temperature
1. 3 pieces (275 g.) 0oC
2. 4 pieces (275 g.) 2oC
3. 5 pieces (275 g.) 3oC
1. This table shows the relationship between the amount of ice and the decrease
of the room temperature.

Time after ice

OBSERVATIONS
inclusion
15 minutes Ice is still compact and hard.
30 minutes The ice is slightly melted.
1 hour The ice completely melted.
2. This table represents the observations on how long will it take before the
maximum amount of ice will melt.
 Room Temperature before Room Temperature after
Time
Air Cooler is turned on Air Cooler is turned on
30 minutes 36o C 34oC
1 hour 36o C 33oC
o
1 hour and 30 minutes 36 C 32oC
3. This table represents the room temperature after such time that the air cooler
had been turned on. The amount of ice placed in the storage is five, (5). The
air cooler will be turned on with the specific time limits.

Room Size Room Temperature before Room Temperature after

Air Cooler is turned on 1 hour and 30 minutes
o
3.15 m. by 2.32 m. 36 C 32oC
o
3.27 m. by 2.43 m. 36 C 33.5oC
3.41 m. by 2.73 m. 37oC 34oC
4. This table shows the relationship between the wideness or the room size with
the temperature until such time that the time limit will end. The amount of ice
placed in the storage is five, (5). The data collected will be the size of the
room and the temperature.

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions:

The following were concluded based on the results and discussions.

1. There is a direct relationship between the amount of ice used and the decrease
of the room temperature. The more the ice that is placed, the air will be cooler.

2. The maximum amount of ice which is five pieces managed to cool a room
before it melted. The ice is still compact upon storage. After 30 minutes the
ice will slowly have moistures and it will begin to melt. After an hour, the
maximum amount of ice is completely melted.

3. The air cooler can cool and decrease the room temperature depending on the
time and more aspects. After 30 minutes, the air cooler managed to decrease
the room temperature by 2oC. And after an hour it managed to decrease the
room temperature by 3oC. If there is more time the air cooler can still decrease
the room temperature.
 4. The ability of the air cooler to cool a room also depends on the size of the
room itself. If the room is smaller, the air cooler can decrease its room
temperature by 4oC or more. But if the air cooler is placed in a larger room it
can only manage to decrease the room temperature by 2oC or less.

Recommendations:

The future researchers are recommended to paint the product with a water-proof
paint, for protection to the wood that is used.

The future researchers are recommended to try putting more ice and try to put
more ice storages, so that the ability if the air cooler to cool a room will be increased.
This will also let the air to be cooler.

The future researchers are recommended to put filter or things that can increase
the air cooler’s ability to cool a certain room.