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    Difference Between Complete and Incomplete Antibodies

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    Difference Between Complete and Incomplete Antibodies

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    Anindita Abriani Pirade
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    PK

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    539 views4 pages

    Difference Between Complete and Incomplete Antibodies

    Uploaded by

    Anindita Abriani Pirade
    PK

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Difference Between Complete and Incomplete Antibodies

    www.differencebetween.com

    Key Difference - Complete vs Incomplete Antibodies


    Antibodies are composed of B cells and are immunoglobulins that take part in immune reactions.
    Antibodies can be of different classes depending on its structure, function, their type of reaction and
    the presence of accessory components. Antibodies are present in response to an antigen and thus,
    also termed as antigenic determinants. Once the antibody recognizes an antigen, it binds to the
    antigen specifically to form an antigen-antibody complex. The complex formation will eventually
    activate defense mechanisms or directly degrade the foreign body that enters the system.
    Agglutination is a type of antibody-antigen reaction that takes place as a host defense mechanism.
    During this reaction procedure, the antibody binds to the antigen and forms a complex which
    eventually clump together. Based on the property of agglutination, antibodies can be categorized into
    two main types; complete antibodies and incomplete antibodies.

    Even though complete antibodies have the ability to agglutination with antigens after
    recognizing the antigen, incomplete antibodies do not have the ability to agglutination. Instead
    it only participates in recognizing and identifying the antigens. The key difference between the
    complete and incomplete antibodies is the ability or the inability of agglutination.

    What are Complete Antibodies?


    Complete antibodies are a type of B cell immunoglobulins which take part in agglutination reactions
    after binding with an antigen. Complete antibodies have a specific property to bind to antigens and
    form clumps or agglutins, which enable to host phagocytes to identify the large foreign
    particle. Immunoglobulin G is a common type of a complete antibody. This will result in the
    activation of host defense mechanisms. This will engulf the complex as a whole. The two main
    applications of complete antibodies are hemagglutination and leukoagglutination. Antibodies
    produced by red blood cells and white blood cells are complete antibodies and hence participate in
    agglutination reactions. Therefor these agglutination tests are done during blood transfusion
    procedures to check the compatibility of blood groups between the donor and the recipient. If the
    agglutination occurs, the blood groups are incompatible and vice versa. Complete antibodies are also
    produced against many bacterial infections, and these complete antibodies form agglutinations with
    bacterial pathogens and initiate phagocytic reactions.

    Agglutination reactions are therefor used widely as diagnostic tests to identify the presence of a
    bacterial pathogen. Synthetic complete antibodies are tested in vitro for the suspect’s blood sample,
    and the presence of agglutins confer the occurrence of the particular infection. This test is of high
    precision and reliability.
    What are Incomplete Antibodies?
    Incomplete antibodies are mostly immunoglobulin M, and they do not participate in agglutination
    reactions upon binding to the antigen. Instead, these antibodies are produced in response to a
    particular antigen. The presence of incomplete antibodies can be detected in the serum as free
    antibodies by using antiglobulins. This test is referred to as the Coombs’ test.

    Fig 02: Coombs’ test

    In this test, the incomplete antibodies are allowed to bind to synthetic, specific target molecules
    known as antiglobulins. This is analyzed in order to determine the presence or the absence of the
    particular antibody in the serum. By doing this test procedure, a specific condition can be diagnosed
    and conformed. The incomplete antibodies are involved in indirectly activating an immune defense
    mechanism other than agglutination.

    What are the Similarities Between Complete and Incomplete


    Antibodies?
     Both are composed of B cells.
     Both show high specificity.
     Both are involved in recognizing an antigen of a foreign cell.
     Both are used in in vitro diagnostic test procedures especially to determine the onset of infection.
     Samples such as serum or blood can be used for diagnostic tests of these antibodies.

    What is the Difference Between Complete and Incomplete


    Antibodies?

    Complete Antibodies vs Incomplete Antibodies


    Complete antibodies have the ability to
    Incomplete antibodies do not produce Instead, it is
    form agglutinations with antigens after
    produced an only response to the antigens.
    recognizing the antigen.

    Mechanism

    Complete antibodies form complexes with Complex formation with an antigen does not occur in
    antigens which results in clumps or incomplete antibodies. Hence they stay as free
    agglutinations. antibodies in response to an antigen.

    Type of test reactions

    Agglutination reactions are detecting as a Coombs’ test – serum analysis of incomplete


    test reaction for the identification of antibodies using antiglobulins is done for incomplete
    complete antibodies. antibodies.

    Examples

    Immunoglobulin G and blood group


    Immunoglobulin M is an example of incomplete
    antibodies are examples of complete
    antibody.
    antibodies.

    Summary - Complete vs Incomplete Antibodies


    Antibodies play a pivotal role in a host defense mechanism and participate in protecting the host
    from external attack by infectious agents or foreign substances. Identification of these foreign bodies
    is important to avoid any clinical manifestations arising from these agents. Complete and incomplete
    antibodies are types of antibodies which differ in their ability and inability to participate in
    agglutination reactions. Due to this contrast mechanisms of complete and incomplete antibodies, the
    diagnostic test procedures based on these antibodies are also differed significantly. This is the
    difference between complete and incomplete antibody.
    Reference:

    1.“Agglutination (Biology).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 9 Sept. 2017. Accessed 2 Oct.


    2017. Available here
    2.“Coombs test.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 13 Aug. 2017, Accessed 2 Oct.
    2017. Available here

    Image Courtesy:

    1.'Coombs test schematic'By A. Rad~commonswiki assumed. Own work assumed (based on


    copyright claims). (CC BY-SA 3.0) via Commons Wikimedia

    How to Cite this Article?

    APA: Difference Between Complete and Incomplete Antibodies. (2017, October 10). Retrieved (date), from
    http://differencebetween.com/ difference-between-complete-and-vs-incomplete-antibodies/

    MLA: " Difference Between Complete and Incomplete Antibodies" Difference Between.Com. 10 October
    2017. Web.

    Chicago: “Difference Between Complete and Incomplete Antibodies.” Difference Between.Com.


    http://differencebetween.com/ difference-between-complete-and-vs-incomplete-antibodies/accessed (accessed
    [date]).

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