Drug - EEG and Pharmacology
Drug - EEG and Pharmacology
Drug - EEG and Pharmacology
Pharmacology
by:
Kaiser,
D.
&
Meckley,
A.
(2012)
Alters regional
No changes as
Anticonvulsants Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
Lorazepam Ativan,
Temesta -
+
- +
Carbatrol,
Epitol,
Equetro,
Carbamazepine
Tegretol
+ -
+
Yes
+
+ +
+
+ + -
+
+ + -
Depakene,
Depakote,
Epilim,
Valproate
Stavzor
- -
+
- - *
+
-
+
10-12 Hz - *
+
- -
Phenytoin Dilantin,
Di-‐Phen,
Phenytek + +
Dilantin,
Eptoin,
Epanutin,
Phenytek
+ +
+
+ + -
Tiagabine Gabitril
15-20 Hz
Alters regional
No changes as
Alpha Blockers Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
phenoxybenzamine Dibenzyline
+
Minipress,
Vasoflex,
Pressin,
prazosin +
Hypovase
Alters regional
No changes as
Analeptics Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
dextroamphetamine Adderall
- +
+
+
*
+
+
Adderall,
Benzedrine,
Dexedrine,
amphetamine Dextrostat,
Desoxyn,
- + +
Procentra,Vyvanse
+
- 6-8 Hz + 12-15 Hz +
Caffeine
-
+
-
cocaine Cocaine
- +
+
- - -
+
- - +
+
- - +
+
- - +
+
8-10 Hz +
+
+
+
- +
+
+ *
+
+ +
Crack
- - + *
MDMA Ecstasy
+ *
methamphetamine Meth
+ +
+
+
Reformatted
Kaiser
Meckley
compilation
(2012)
modafinil Modafinil
+ 10-12 Hz - -
+
- -
+
-
+
+
+
Provigil,
Alertec,
Modavigil,
Modalert,
Modiodal,
Modafinilo,
+ -
Carim,
Vigia
methylphenidate Ritalin,
Mph -
+
-
+
- *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
- + + *
+
+
+
+
+
- + + *
+
+ + + 15-18 Hz *
+
- - + + *
+
- - + + *
+
+ +
+
+
Stimulant
- -
+
+ *
+
+ *
+
+ *
+
+ + *
Alters regional
No changes as
Anesthesia Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
equitensine Equitensine
ketamine Ketamine
*
+
-
+
+
Alters regional
No changes as
Anticholinergics Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
Alters regional
No changes as
Antihistamines Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
levoprotiline
Levoprotiline
+ - *
maroxepine Maroxepine
+ - *
terfenadine Seldane
+
+
+ + -
hydroxyzine Vistaril,
Atarax + + - 12-15 Hz
Alters regional
No changes as
Antihypertensives Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
clonidine Catapres,
Kapvay,
Nexiclon - *
+
+ - +
+
+
Alters regional
Antinorepinephrinergic & Increases/speeds Decreases/slows activity as
No changes as
specified in
activity activity specified in
Serotoninergic Medications literature
literature
Alters regional
No changes as
Anxiolytics Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
enciprazine Enciprazine
- - + +
umespirone Umespirone
+ + - - *
+ + 12-15 Hz
+
+ 4-6 Hz
+
+
+
remoxipride Roxiam
- +
quetiapine Seroquel
+ 4-6 Hz
+
8-10 Hz
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4-6 Hz
+
+
- + + +
amisulpride Solian,
Sulpitac,
Amitrex
Or
Soltus - - +
Zyprexa,
Zalasta,
Zolafren,
olanzapine
Olzapin,
Oferta,
Zypadhera
+
yes
+
+
+ 8-12 Hz - *
+
+ 8-10 Hz - *
+
10-12 Hz 12-15 Hz *
+
+ *
+
+ *
+
+
Reformatted
Kaiser
Meckley
compilation
(2012)
+
+ 10-12 Hz 2 *
+
+ 10-12 Hz 15-20 Hz
+ + - - *
Alters regional
No changes as
Benzodiazepines Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
Apo-‐Triazo,
Halcion,
Hypam,
triazolam
Trilam
- +
Lectopam,
Lexotan,
Lexilium,
bromazepam Lexaurin,
Brazepam,
Bromaze,
* *
And
Lexotanil
temazepam Restoril,
Temazepam - +
+
=
diazepam Valium
Spiking
+
8-10 Hz
+
8-10 Hz
+
- - +
+
- 4-16 Hz - 15-20 Hz *
+
- - +
+
+
+
+
+
+ + *
+
15-20 Hz
+
+ *
+
+ +
+
+ + - 12-15 Hz
+
-
alprazolam Xanax,
Niravam * + * *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ *
+
- 15-20 Hz
Benzodiazepine Benzodiazepine
+
+
+
+
+ - + *
+
+ - 12-15 Hz
+
*
clonazepam Klonopin,
Rivotril * *
Alters regional
No changes as
Cholinergics Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
Artane,
Apo-‐Trihex
trihexyphenidyl
-
Alters regional
No changes as
CNS Depressants Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
ethanol
Alcohol
+
+
8-10 Hz *
Alters regional
No changes as
Dopamine Agonists Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
+
-
raclopride Raclopride
Alters regional
Nonselective Dopamine Increases/speeds Decreases/slows activity as
No changes as
specified in
activity activity specified in
Agonists (NSDAs) literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
Neuroleptics
+ + -
+
+ 12-15 Hz
+
Some
savoxepine
Dopamine
antagonist
Savoxepine
+ - *
Alters regional
No changes as
GABA Analogues Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
Fanatrex,
Gabarone,
Gralise,
gabapentin Neurontin,
Nupentin
+ + -
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
THC Marijuana
-
+
10-12 Hz 15-20 Hz *
+
-
+
- *
+
-
+
- 8-10 Hz
+
+ *
+
+
+
+ *
+
10-12 Hz
Alters regional
No changes as
Hormones Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
cortisol Cortisol
+
histamine Histamine
*
prolactin Prolactin
+
Alters regional
No changes as
Hypnotics Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
zolpidem Ambien,
Stilnox - +
+
+ - +
+
-
+
-
+
- 8-10 Hz
+ - - 12-15 Hz
+
+
+
+ +
eszopiclone Lunesta,
Lunestar -
pentobarbital Nembutal
Yes
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
phenelzine Nardil,
Nardelzine +
+
+
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
meperidine Demerol
+ + -
Alters regional
Nicotinic Acetelcholine Increases/speeds Decreases/slows activity as
No changes as
specified in
activity activity specified in
Receptors literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
*
methyllycaconitine
Methyllycaconitine
* 10-12 Hz
Alters regional
No changes as
NMDA Antagonists Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
memantine
Namenda
-
Alters regional
No changes as
Noradrenergics Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
cirazoline Cirazoline
-
Alters regional
Norepinephrine Reuptake Increases/speeds Decreases/slows activity as
No changes as
specified in
activity activity specified in
Inhibitors (NRIs) literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
atomoxetine Strattera,
Tomoxetin,
Attentin +
+
+
Alters regional
No changes as
Increases/speeds Decreases/slows activity as
Opiotes activity activity specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
fentanyl Actiq,
Duragesic,
Sublimaze + +
morphine Morphine
+ +
opiotes Opium
+
+
Alters regional
No changes as
Organics Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
ademetionine SAMe
+ - - -
Sinemet,
Parcopa,
Atamet,
l-‐dopa
Stalevo,
Madopar,
Prolopa
8-12 Hz +
ascorbic
acid Vitamin
C
+ *
yohimbine Yohimbine
-
Alters regional
No changes as
Serotonin Agonists Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
rizatriptan
Maxalt
+
Alters regional
Serotonin Agonists; Dopamine Increases/speeds Decreases/slows activity as
No changes as
specified in
activity activity specified in
& Adrenergic Antagonists literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
Alters regional
Serotonin Antagonist and Increases/speeds Decreases/slows activity as
No changes as
specified in
activity activity specified in
Reuptake Inhibitors (SARIs) literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
Desyrel,
Oleptro,
Beneficat,
Deprax
,
Desirel,
Molipaxin,
Thombran,
Trazorel,
Trialodine,
trazodone
Trittico,
Mesyrel
Alters regional
Serotonin–norepinephrine Increases/speeds Decreases/slows activity as
No changes as
specified in
activity activity specified in
reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
effexor Venlafaxine
*
+
* *
+
- *
+
- *
+
+ + - + -
+
+
+
+ *
Alters regional
Selective Serotonin Increases/speeds Decreases/slows activity as
No changes as
specified in
activity activity specified in
Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
paroxetine Aropax,
Paxil,
Seroxat,
Sereupin - *
+
+ + - 15-20 Hz - - *
+
- - +
escitalopram Lexapro
- -
fluvoxamine Luvox
+ + - 15-20 Hz
Alters regional
No changes as
SULFAs Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
sumatriptan
Sumatriptan +
Alters regional
Typical Antipsychotics Increases/speeds Decreases/slows activity as
No changes as
specified in
activity activity specified in
(1st generation) literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
haloperidol Haldol
+
- + -
+
- - *
+
- 15-20 Hz
+
- 6-8 Hz 12-15 Hz
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
8-10 Hz
+
8-10 Hz 12-15 Hz
+
8-10 Hz 15-20 Hz
+
+ + + -
+
+ *
+
+ + - -
+
- +
+
+
+
15-20 Hz
+
+ -
+
+ 8-10 Hz *
+
+ - *
fluphenazine Permitil,
Prolixin - - + -
+
- 15-20 Hz
Alters regional
No changes as
Tricyclics (TCAs) Increases/speeds Decreases/slows
activity activity
activity as
specified in
specified in
literature
literature
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
doxepine Adapin,
Silenor,
Sinequan -
+
-
Elavil,
Tryptizol,
Laroxyl,
Sarotex,
amitriptyline
Lentizol
-
+
-
+
+ + - +
+
+ -
+
+ + -
+
+ 10-12 Hz
imipramine Tofranil
-
+
+ + - 15-20 Hz
+
-
+
+ + - +
+
+ + -
+
+ + - +
+
+ + - 15-20 Hz
+
+
+
+ +
Tricyclic
* * * *
+
Alpha
Theta Peak General
Spikes or Delta Theta Alpha Beta Peak Regional
Generic
Name Brand
Name(s) Frequency Change in
Paroxisms (1-4) (4-8) (8-12) (12-30) Change
Frequency
All Bands
Changes
Change
Thymeretic
(Mood-‐Activating)
+
+
+