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Types

Local variables declared inside methods are called local variables and disappear when the method finishes. Java supports common data types like int, double, boolean, and String. Strings are declared within double quotes and can be concatenated using the plus sign. A Scanner can be used to receive user input, by importing java.util.*, creating a Scanner instance passing System.in, and using methods like nextInt() on the Scanner object.

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154 views11 pages

Types

Local variables declared inside methods are called local variables and disappear when the method finishes. Java supports common data types like int, double, boolean, and String. Strings are declared within double quotes and can be concatenated using the plus sign. A Scanner can be used to receive user input, by importing java.util.*, creating a Scanner instance passing System.in, and using methods like nextInt() on the Scanner object.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Types in Java

Local Variables
• The programmer can store data inside a method.
– Called a local variable
– Disappear when the method is finished running.
• To declare a local variable:
– The type
– Followed by the variable name
– Followed by a semicolon:
int myInt;
• Variable names should be descriptive
– Never pass up an opportunity to make your code more readable
– Bad: a, b, dog, pete
– OK: biggest, myTable, inputVal
We will study 5 major data types
• int - An integer
• boolean - Can be true or false
• double - Can hold decimal numbers
• String - Holds a sequence of characters
– Denoted by characters inside quotes (“”)
• class
Giving values to variables
• Variables can be given values when declared:
int myInt=6;
boolean myBool=false;
String myString = “Some characters”;
• Variables can be given values through an assignment
statement:
myDouble=1.0027;
myString = “This is a string”;
– Variable name, followed by equal sign, followed by value.
• Multiple variables can be declared on the same line
int int1=2, int2, int3=4;
Constants
• It is possible to store a value in a variable that
cannot change.
– Precede the declaration by the word final:
final int myConst=4488;
– Must initialize the variable in the declaration
– Can’t ever assign a value to a final variable
• In Java a final variable is called a constant
– Useful for defining a value that will be used throughout
a method but will never change while that method runs.
More about Strings
• Strings are typically set to a sequence of characters
within double quotes
• Some characters are awkward to place between
double quotes
– New line character: Use a backslash (\) followed by n
– Double quote character: Use a backslash followed by a
double quote (\”)
– Backslash character: Use two backslashes (\\)
• Example, ends with a backslash, a quote, then a
new line: “A string\\\”\n”
Concatenating Strings
• Given two strings, can make a new string made up of
the first followed by the second.
• Called concatenating strings Plus sign
• Use the plus sign concatenates strings
String s1 = “abc”;
String s2 = “def”;
String s3 = s1 + s2;
System.out.print(s3); //prints abcdef
• Two quotes with nothing in between (“”) is called the
empty string
– Concatenating a string with the empty string equals itself
Can use concatenation to break
long lines
• Hard to read (indentation is fouled):
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println(“This line is too
long to fit”);
}
• Easier to read:
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println(“This line is ”
+ “too long to fit”);
}
Summary
• Variables declared inside methods are called local
variables.
– Type, followed by variable name and semicolon
– Java supports int, double, boolean, String and user
defined classes
• Strings can be set to characters inside double
quotes
– Use backslash for special characters
– Use plus sign to concatenate two strings
The Scanner
• A scanner can be used to receive input from the user
• In order to import the scanner use:
– import java.util.*
• To create a scanner use:
– Scanner
– followed by the scanner name
– followed by = new Scanner(System.in);
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
• To use:
– scanner name
– followed by a period
– followed by the type you want to receive, and ();
input.nextInt();
Examples
import java.util.Scanner;

public class ObjectHeight {


public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
int num;
double digit;
String name;
time = input.nextInt();
double = input.nextDouble();
name = input.nextString();
}
}

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