2.2 Graphical LP Solution 19 ‘The observation that the LP optimum is always associated with a corner point means that the optimum solution can be found simply by enumerating all the corner points as the following table shows: Corner point (an) A 0.0) 0 B (4.0) 20 c Ls 21. OPTIMUM, D (2,2) 1B E 2) B F @D 4 As the number of constraints and variables increases, the number of corner points also in- creases, and the proposed enumeration procedure becomes less tractable computationally. Nev- ertheless, the idea shows that, from the standpoint of determining the LP optimum, the solution space ABCDEF with its infinite number of solutions can, in fact, be replaced with a {finite number of promising solution points—namely, the corner points, A, B, C, D, E, and F.This result is key for the development of the general algebraic algorithm, calted the simplex ‘method, which we will study in Chapter 3. PROBLEM SET 2.24 1. Determine the feasible space for each of the following independent constraints, given that x1, 22 = 0. Ma) 3x $y 56. ) 4-2 =5. © % ~3n 512 *@ x - 450. (© —n tm 20 2. Identify the direction of increase in z in each of the following cases: (a) Maximize 2 = x) — (b) Maximize 2 = -Sx, - 6xp (©) Maximize z = —x + 2x #(@) Maximize 2 = -3e) + x2 3. Determine the solution space and the optimum solution of the Reddy Mikks mode! for each of the following independent changes: 4a) The maximum daily demand for exterior paint is at most 2.5 tons. (b). The daity demand for interior paint is at least 2 tons. (©) The daily demand for interior paint is exactly 1 ton higher than that for exterior paint, (4) The daily availability of raw material MI is at least 24 tons (€). The daily availability of raw material M1 is at least 24 tons, and the daily demand for interior paint exceeds that for exterior paint by at least 1 ton.20 Chapter 2 Modeling with Linear Programming 4. Accompany that operates 10 hours a day manufactures two products on three sequential processes. The following table summarizes the data of the problem: Minutes per unit Product Process].—«Process2~=—=«Process3_—_Unit profit 1 10 6 8 2 2 3 20 10 3 SP Determine the optimal mix of the two products. #5, A company produces two products, A and B. The sales volume for A is at east 80% of, the total sales of both A and B. However, the company cannot sell more than 100 units of ‘A per day. Both products use one raw material, of which the maximum daily availability #5240 Ib. The usage rates of the raw material are 2 Ib per unit of A and 4 Ib per unit of B. ‘The profit units for A and B are $20 and $50, respectively. Determine the optimal prod- uuct mix for the company. 6 Alumco manufactures aluminum sheets and aluminum bars The plaximum production capacity is estimated at either 800 sheets or 600 bars per day. The maximum daily de- mand is 550 sheets and 580 bars. The profit per ton is $40 per sheet and $35 per bar. De- termine the optimal daily production mix. 7, An individual wishes to invest $5000 over the next year in two types of investment: Invest- iment A yields 5% and investment B yields 8%. Market research recommends an alioca- tion of at least 25% in A and at most 50% in B. Moreover, investment in A should be at Jeast half the investment in B. How should the fund be allocated to the two investments? '& The Continuing Education Division at the Ozark Community College offers a total of 30 courses each semester. The courses offered are usually of two types: practical, such as woodworking, word processing, and car maintenance; and humanistic, such as histo- rymusic, and fine arts. To satisfy the demands of the community, atleast 10 courses of each type must be offered each semester. The division estimates that the revenues of offering practical and humanistic courses are approximately $1500 and $1000 per course, respectively. (a) Devise an optimal course offering for the college. (b) Show that the worth per additional course is $1500, which is the same as the revenue per practical course. What does this result mean in terms of offering additional courses? 9. ChemLabs uses raw materials / and II to produce two domestic cleaning solutions, A ‘and B.The daily availabilities of raw materials [and I/ ate 150 and 145 units, respectively. One unit of solution A consumes 5 unit of raw material Zand 6 unit of raw material 11, and one unit of solution B uses 5 unit of raw material J and .4 unit of raw material J-The profits per unit of solutions A and B are $8 and $10, respectively. The daily demand for Solution A lies between 30 and 150 units, and that for solution B between 40 and 200 Units Find the optimal production amounts of A and B. 40. In the Ma-and-Pa grocery store, shelf space is limited and must be used effectively to is- crease profit. Two cereal items, Grano and Wheat, compete for a total shelf space of 60 £0. A box of Grano occupies .2 ft? and a box of Wheatie needs 4 f°. The maximum daily demands of Grano and Wheatie are 200 and 120 boxes, respectively. A box of Grano nets $1.00 in profit and a box of Wheatie $1.35. Ma-and-Pa thinks that because the unit profit of Wheatie is 35% higher than that of Grano, Wheatie should be allocated2.2 Graphical LP Solution 21 35% more space than Grano, which amounts to allocating about 57% to Wheattie and 43% to Grano, What do you think? 11, Jack is an aspiring freshman at Ulern University. He realizes that “all work and no play ‘make Jack a dull boy.” As a result, Jack wants to apportion his available time of about 10 hours a day between work and play. He estimates that play is twice as much fun as work. He also wants to study at least as much 2s he plays. However, Jack realizes that if he is going to get all his homework assigaments done, he cannot play more than 4 hours a day. How should Jack allocate his time to maximize his pleasure from both work and play? 12, Wild West produces two types of cowboy hats. A type 1 hat requices twice as much labor time asa type 2. If the all available labor time is dedicated to Type 2 alone, the company can produce a total of 400 Type 2 hats a day. The respective market limits for the two types are 150 and 200 hats per day. The profit is $8 per Type 1 hat and $5 per Type 2 hat. Determine the umber of hats of each type that would maximize profit, 1, Show & Sell can advertise its products on local radio and television (TV). The advertising, budget is limited to $10,000 a month. Each minute of radio advertising costs $15 and each minute of TV commercials $300. Show & Sell likes to advertise on radio at least twice as, much as on TV. In the meantime, it is not practical to use more than 400 minutes of radio advertising a month. From past experience, advertising on TV is estimated to be 25 times. as effective as on radio, Determine the optimum allocation of the budget to radio and TV advertising. 414. Wyoming Electrie Coop owns a steam-turbine power-generating plant, Because Wyoming is rich in coal deposits, the plant generates its steam from coal. This, however, may result in emission that does not meet the Environmental Protection Agency stan- dards. EPA regulations timit sulfur dioxide discharge to 2000 parts per million per ton of coal burned and smoke discharge from the plant stacks to 20 Ib per hour. The Coop re- ceives two grades of pulverized coal, Cl and C2, for use in the steam plant. The two grades are usually mixed together before burning. For simplicity, it can be assumed that the amount of suifur pollutant discharged (in parts per million) is a weighted average of the proportion of each grade used in the mixture. The following data are based on con- sumption of 1 ton per hour of each of the two coal grades. Sulfur discharge Smoke discharge Steam generated. Coal grade__in parts per million tb per hour in fb per hour a 1800 24 12,000 a 2100 9 9,000 (@)_ Determine the optimal ratio for mixing the two coal grades. (b) Determine the effect of relaxing the smoke discharge limit by 1 Ib on the amount of generated steam per hour. 15, Top Toys is planning @ new radio and TV advertising campaign. A radio commercial costs $300 and a TV ad costs $2000. A total budget of $20,000 is allocated to the campaign. However, to ensure that each medium will have at least one radio commercial and one TV ad, the most that can be allocated to either medium cannot exceed 80% of the total ‘budget. It is estimated that the first radio commercial will reach 5000 people, with each additional commercial reaching only 2000 new ones. For TV, the first ad will reach 4500 people and each additional ad an additional 3000. How should the budgeted amount be allocated between radio and TV?