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    Network Troubleshooting Tools PDF

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    Pedro Rosa
    This document provides an overview of common network troubleshooting tools including ipconfig, ping, tracert, and nslookup. Ipconfig displays IP configuration details. Ping sends packets to test connectivity. Tracert traces the route to a destination and shows hop times. Nslookup looks up IP addresses or domain names from a DNS server. These tools help identify where network issues occur by checking connections between a computer and router, default gateway, or external servers.

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    Network Troubleshooting Tools PDF

    Uploaded by

    Pedro Rosa
    457 views4 pages
    This document provides an overview of common network troubleshooting tools including ipconfig, ping, tracert, and nslookup. Ipconfig displays IP configuration details. Ping sends packets to test connectivity. Tracert traces the route to a destination and shows hop times. Nslookup looks up IP addresses or domain names from a DNS server. These tools help identify where network issues occur by checking connections between a computer and router, default gateway, or external servers.

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    Network-Troubleshooting-Tools.pdf

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    This document provides an overview of common network troubleshooting tools including ipconfig, ping, tracert, and nslookup. Ipconfig displays IP configuration details. Ping sends packets to test connectivity. Tracert traces the route to a destination and shows hop times. Nslookup looks up IP addresses or domain names from a DNS server. These tools help identify where network issues occur by checking connections between a computer and router, default gateway, or external servers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    457 views4 pages

    Network Troubleshooting Tools PDF

    Uploaded by

    Pedro Rosa
    This document provides an overview of common network troubleshooting tools including ipconfig, ping, tracert, and nslookup. Ipconfig displays IP configuration details. Ping sends packets to test connectivity. Tracert traces the route to a destination and shows hop times. Nslookup looks up IP addresses or domain names from a DNS server. These tools help identify where network issues occur by checking connections between a computer and router, default gateway, or external servers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Network Troubleshooting Tools

    If you call technical support about problems with your


    network or Internet connection, they will most likely have
    you use some or all of these utilities. You should check all of
    the hardware connections as well. Refer to the Network
    Connections handout for a detailed description of
    networking connections.

    Useful Connectivity Utilities

    ipconfig – (IP configuration)


    Use ipconfig to find the IP address and configuration of your own computer and network.
    By default, ipconfig only displays the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway. For
    more in depth information, add the text /all after ipconfig. You will be able to view all of
    the IP configuration information for the computer.
    ping – (packet internet groper)
    A utility to determine whether a specific IP address is accessible. It works by sending a
    packet of data to the specified address and waiting for a reply.
    If you are having difficulty accessing the Internet, try using the ping command to connect to
    the different network nodes to narrow down where the problem could be coming from. For
    instance, if you are able to ping the network card, but not the router, the problem is most
    likely local. If you can ping everywhere except for a certain outside address, the problem is
    remote.
    Syntax: ping IP address or domain
    tracert – (trace route)
    A utility that traces a packet from your computer to an Internet host, showing how many
    hops the packet requires to reach the host and how long each hop takes. If you're visiting a
    Web site and pages are appearing slowly, you can use trace route to figure out where the
    longest delays are occurring.
    Syntax: tracert IP address or domain
    nslookup – (name server lookup)
    Nslookup is the name of a program that lets an Internet server administrator or user enter a
    host name (for example, www.yahoo.com) and find out the corresponding Internet address.
    It will also do reverse name lookup and find the host name for an IP address you specify.
    Nslookup sends a domain name query packet to a designated (or defaulted) Domain Name
    System (DNS) server. Depending on the system you are using, the default may be the local
    DNS name server at your service provider, some intermediate name server, or the root
    name server (at InterNIC) for the entire domain name system hierarchy.
    Syntax: nslookup IP address or domain

    Page 1
    Using Ipconfig:
    1. Log on to the computer as a user with administrative rights.
    2. Click Start and select Run (Windows Vista or Windows 7  Click the “Start” button and
    type in the “Search for Programs and Files” text box).
    3. Type cmd and press ENTER. The black Command Prompt window will appear.
    4. Type ipconfig at the command prompt and press ENTER. The following screenshot gives an
    example of the information shown when using “ipconfig”.

    5. Write down any configuration information you will need. At a minimum, it will be the IP
    address of your computer and the Default Gateway.
    6. Sometimes you might need more information and you can add the “/all” to the above
    “ipconfig” command. This screenshot gives an example of the information shown when
    using “ipconfig /all”:

    Page 2
    Using Ping:
    1. Log on to the computer as a user with administrative rights.
    2. Click Start and select Run (Windows Vista or Windows 7  Click the “Start” button and
    type in the “Search for Programs and Files” text box).
    3. Type cmd and press ENTER. The black Command Prompt window will appear.
    4. Type ping IP address or domain and press ENTER. If you are unable to ping a destination,
    first check to see that there are no typing errors. If the address is correct, use the
    Troubleshooting Routing Errors table below to examine what the cause could be.
    A successful ping looks similar to this:

    Use any or all of the following address options to determine where the connection is failing.
    • ping the Ethernet card (NIC) in your computer — this will always be 127.0.0.1
    • ping your own computer —use ipconfig to look up the IP address, if necessary.
    • ping the Default Gateway (router) — you can find the Default Gateway on the
    computer in the same spot as the IP address.
    • ping an outside IP address — for example the Level3 DNS Server 4.2.2.2.
    • ping a domain name to check DNS — for example: ping www.google.com.
    Troubleshooting Ping Errors
    Once all of the hardware connections are checked and verified, any of the following could be
    the cause of your networking error(s).

    Symptom Possible Causes


    Unable to ping the NIC. The NIC is disabled or faulty.
    Unable to ping your own computer. The IP address is incorrect.
    Unable to ping the Default Gateway. The computer is disconnected from the network.
    The Default Gateway is down.
    The gateway address used in ping is incorrect.
    The gateway is not attached to the subnet.
    Unable to ping an outside IP The outside server is offline.
    address. The IP address was typed incorrectly.
    A packet is routed incorrectly between the source and
    destination networks.
    Unable to ping a domain name. The DNS server is not working.
    The destination server is offline.
    Internet connections are slow and or Internet traffic is heavy.
    intermittent. There are problems with the line. Contact the phone or
    cable company.

    Page 3
    Using Tracert:
    1. Log on to the computer as a user with administrative rights.
    2. Click Start and select Run (Windows Vista or Windows 7  Click the “Start” button and
    type in the “Search for Programs and Files” text box).
    3. Type cmd and press ENTER. The black Command Prompt window will appear.
    4. Type tracert IP address or domain and press ENTER.
    The following screenshot shows an example using nslookup.

    Tracert returns results in milliseconds (ms). Ideally, every hop should give an IP address and
    time. After requesting information from the DNS server, the first hop is to the default gateway.
    The hop to the default gateway should take 10-20 ms. After that, hops should take anywhere
    from 80-120ms. Errors indicated by * on the route can show where there is a lot of network
    traffic or possible line problems.

    Using Nslookup:
    1. Log on to the computer as a user with administrative rights.
    2. Click Start and select Run (Windows Vista or Windows 7  Click the “Start” button and
    type in the “Search for Programs and Files” text box).
    3. Type cmd and press ENTER. The black Command Prompt window will appear.
    4. Type nslookup IP address or domain and press ENTER.
    The following screenshot shows two examples using nslookup. The first looks up an IP address
    (4.2.2.2) while the second looks up a domain
    name (www.yahoo.com).
    • Server: the local DNS server used to look up the
    information.
    • Address: the IP address of the local DNS server.
    • Name: The domain name of the server hosting the
    remote domain or IP.
    • Address(s): The IP address(s) of the remote server.
    • Aliases: The common name(s) used to identify
    multiple IP addresses or domain names.

    Page 4

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