962 Moi-Sma 3-8-2017
962 Moi-Sma 3-8-2017
962 Moi-Sma 3-8-2017
Section 962
GUIDELINES FOR STONE MATRIX ASPHALT (SMA) MIX
DESIGN AND VERIFICATION
962.01 Scope
This procedure provides guidelines for designing a mix for Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA). The Contractor
will perform and submit the mix design according to the specification and this Manual of Instruction;
the Department will verify the mix design.
REFERENCES:
AASHTO STANDARDS:
M 231 Weighing Devices used in the Testing of Materials
M 325 Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA)
R 28 Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV)
R 30 Mixture Conditioning of Asphalt Mixtures
R 46 Designing Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA)
T 19 Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
T 30 Mechanical Analysis of Extracted Aggregate
T 84 Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
T 85 Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
T 166 Bulk Specific Gravity (Gsb) of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Using
Saturated‐Surface Dry Specimens
T 209 Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity (Gmm) and Density of Hot Mix Asphalt
(HMA)
T 240 Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt Binder (Rolling Thin‐Film
Oven Test)
T 305 Determination of Draindown Characteristics in Uncompacted Asphalt Mixtures
T 308 Determining the Asphalt Binder Content of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) by the
Ignition Method
T 312 Preparing and Determining the Density of Asphalt Mixture Specimens by
Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor
T 313 Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt Binder Using the Bending
Beam Rheometer (BBR)
T 315 Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using the Dynamic
Shear Rheometer (DSR)
ASTM STANDARDS:
D 4402 Viscosity Determinations of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational
MOI 962 Stone Matrix Asphalt Mix Design and Verification Page 1 of 16
Viscometer
D 4753 Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for use in
Soil, Rock, and Construction Materials Testing
NAPA Quality Improvement Series Publication 122: Designing and Constructing SMA Mixtures –
State‐of‐the‐Practice
UDOT MATERIALS MANUAL OF INSTRUCTION (MOI)
UDOT MINIMUM SAMPLING AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS
962.02 Significance and Use
The objective of the SMA mix design is to determine the combination of asphalt binder and
aggregates that will give long lasting performance as part of the pavement structure. Mix design
involves laboratory procedures developed to establish the necessary proportion of materials for use
in SMA. Well‐designed asphalt mixtures can be expected to serve successfully for many years.
The mix design of SMA is just the starting point to assure that an asphalt concrete pavement will
perform as required. Together with proper construction practice, mix design is an important step in
achieving well‐performing asphalt pavements. In many cases, the cause of poor performing pavements
has been attributed to poor or inappropriate mix design or to the production of a mixture other than
what was designed in the laboratory. To that end, it is critical that the materials and proportions used
in the design are representative of the materials and proportions that will be used in the pavement
structure.
The purpose of the Mix Design Verification Process is to provide an independent review of the
Contractor’s mix design. The verification process may consist of any, or all of the following:
A review of the Contractor’s design submittal documentation
A review of the project history of a previously used SMA design
A duplication of the Contractor’s laboratory effort to verify individual mix components
and/or total mix properties
962.03 Stone Matrix Asphalt Mix Design Guidelines
Asphalt binder, aggregate and mix properties are defined by project specification, including, but not
limited to:
VMA
Design air void content (Va)
PG asphalt binder grade
Hamburg Wheel‐Track Testing (HWTT) (MOI 8‐990) ‐ (replaces Tensile Strength Ratio
(Lottman))
Flakiness Index (MOI 8‐933)‐(replaces Flat and Elongated Particles)
Gyratory mixing and compaction temperatures
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962.04 Standard Practice for Stone Matrix Asphalt Mix Design
The contractor will perform the mix design according to AASHTO M 325: Standard Specification for
Stone Matrix Asphalt with the following additions:
Use a UDOT Laboratory Qualification Program qualified laboratory for HMA.
Use a Superpave Gyratory Compactor approved according to MOI 8‐961: Guidelines for
Superpave Gyratory Compactor Protocol.
Use gyratory mixing and compaction temperatures supplied by the Engineer.
Use a Hamburg Wheel Track Testing lab approved by the Department.
Meet all mix design requirements in the specifications for the selected target gradation.
Perform mortar testing according to this MOI Appendix B.
Minimum asphalt binder content will be according to specification.
Do not use Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
Incorporate hydrated lime into all mix designs according to project specifications.
- Use 1 percent, minimum, for Method A and 1 ½ percent, minimum for Method B.
- Prepare laboratory samples in a manner similar to field production.
Refer to NAPA Quality Improvement Series Publication 122: Designing and Constructing SMA
Mixtures – State‐of‐the‐practice for additional information.
The mix design will be performed using materials intended for use on the project. Materials used in
the mix design will meet the following criteria:
Asphalt binder shall be obtained from a certified supplier meeting the requirements outlined in the
UDOT Quality Management Plan 509: Asphalt Binder Management System. For mix design
verifications, the Region Labs will obtain pre‐qualified binder from the UDOT Asphalt Binder Lab.
Hydrated lime shall be obtained from a certified supplier meeting the requirements outlined in
Quality Management Plan 510: Hydrated Lime Management System. The hydrated lime will be
accompanied by test results or will be pre‐tested by the Central Materials Laboratory prior to use in
the mix design verification.
Submit the Volumetric Mix Design data for verification at least 10 working days before beginning
paving. Do not begin paving until verification is complete.
Include all information regarding selection of design aggregate structure showing the target
values of percent passing on all sieves listed in the specification, and the design asphalt binder
content.
Provide information that aggregate proposed for use meet the requirements of /AASHTO M 325
and the specification.
Supply QC data for target job mix gradation selection.
Run 4 sets of 2 Gyratory specimens at the design asphalt binder content to verify the optimum
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asphalt and all other design requirements after the design is complete.
The laboratory performing the mix design or its subcontractor will perform and report the Hamburg
Wheel Track Testing of Compacted Hot‐Mix Asphalt (MOI 8‐990). Submit the complete test record in
Standard Department format to the UDOT.
UDOT may verify the results by performing an additional test to be run on slabs or pucks at its discretion.
Refer to 962.05 for material submittal.
962.05 Mix Design Verification Process
General:
The Department performs mix design verification; the verification process outlined in this document is
intended to be complete. However, verification could include any or all tests identified in AASHTO M
325, project specifications, project special provisions, the current MOI, the current Minimum Sampling
and Testing Requirements or other aggregate quality, volumetric, or mix performance tests that may be
added in the future. All materials submitted for use in the verification process are required to be
representative of those used in the mix design.
The Contractor will submit the mix design data and materials samples for verification at least 10 working
days before beginning paving. Paving will not begin until verification is complete. “Working days” refer
to Monday through Friday, excluding state holidays, and begin when all the following are submitted to
the Region Laboratory:
Mix Design Report
All aggregate quality test results
All pre‐blended aggregate samples
A sufficient quantity of the hydrated lime
A sufficient quantity of the stabilizing additive
A sufficient quantity mineral filler
Test Report for hydrated lime
Asphalt binder to Central Materials Lab
Hamburg Wheel Tracker Test results
“Working days” end when the Region Materials Engineer (RME) provides a Mix Design Review Report to
the Resident Engineer.
962.05.01 Contractor Submittals
Mix Design Report ‐ The Contractor will submit the Mix Design Report to the RME. The Contractor will
submit a Mix Design Report Summary and Transmittal Letter to the Resident Engineer (RE). The
submittals should follow the outline and example in Appendix “A.”
A verified mix design may be submitted for use on a project other than the project originally identified.
The Contractor will submit the Verified Mix Design Report to the RME and a Mix Design Report Summary
and Transmittal Letter to the RE for the new project. Both reports must include documentation
regarding field changes made after original verification.
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Pre‐Blended Samples ‐ The Contractor will prepare samples for use in the verification process. The
pre‐blended samples, stabilizing additive, mineral filler and hydrated lime are submitted to the RME.
The Contractor will provide additional samples upon request.
Note: Asphalt binder for mix design verification will be supplied to the Region Materials Lab from Central
Materials Lab.
A pre‐blended sample is a blend of the final aggregate structure, without stabilizing additive, mineral
filler, hydrated lime, and asphalt binder. Pre‐blended samples are made at the required sample size
by recombining the aggregate portion that has been sieved into individual sieve size fractions.
Larger samples split to sample size are not acceptable.
The final gradation of the mix includes the stabilizing additive and hydrated lime, as per specification.
Mix design verification may include a sieve analysis of the virgin materials and/or of the post‐ignition
final gradation.
The following tolerances from target gradation for each sieve will be allowed:
1/2 inch ..................................2%
3/8 inch ..................................2%
No. 4 .......................................2%
No. 8 .......................................1%
No. 16 .....................................1%
No. 30 .....................................1%
No. 50 .....................................1%
No. 200 ...................................0.8%
Initial pre‐blended samples to be submitted:
10 Samples – Gyratory Compaction – AASHTO T 312 (100 gyrations)
5 Samples – Gmm Determination – AASHTO T 209
5 Samples – Draindown – AASHTO T 305
½ ft3 plus No. 4 aggregate blend – Dry Rodded Unit Weight – AASHTO T 19
2 Samples – Hamburg Wheel Track Testing – MOI 8‐990
Prepared as above (not mixed)
Sufficient material for two
12”x12”x1.5” slabs
Samples to be submitted after the mix is verified:
2 sets of 5 Asphalt Binder Correction Samples per ignition oven, AASHTO T 308 at least three
working days before paving
Samples are submitted at mix design binder content and gradation: blend the final aggregate
structure with hydrated lime, stabilizing additive, mineral filler, and asphalt binder according to
MOI 8‐988 before submitting. Follow Method A of T 308; in general do not use Note 6. The
printed ticket from the oven should be used.
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962.05.02 Verification Process
The following information will be evaluated on the submitted Mix Design:
Air Voids
Asphalt Binder Grade
VMA
VCAMIX < VCADRC
Mortar quality tests
Draindown
Aggregate Quality Tests
Hydrated Lime
Stabilizing additive
Mineral filler
Gradation:
The gradation will be evaluated for compliance with the specifications.
The stockpile gradations and blending percentages must be submitted and may be verified
by the Region and compared to the submitted data.
The following tests may be performed on submitted material during the verification procedure. The
Region materials laboratory will obtain appropriate asphalt binder for mix design verification from the
Central Materials Laboratory. For tests performed on the HMA, the submitted material will be mixed
according to MOI 8‐988 and aged for “Volumetric Mix Designs” according to AASHTO R 30.
Gmb – determined on 3 sets of 2 gyratory specimens – AASHTO T 312 (100 gyrations) and T 166
Gmm – AASHTO T 209
Final mix gradation – AASHTO T 30
Gsb – fine and coarse aggregate specific gravities – AASHTO T 84 and T 85
Refer to the “Precision and Bias” statement of the AASHTO procedure for acceptable multi‐laboratory
precision.
Any or all of the quality verification tests may be revisited during production. If any of the aggregate
quality tests do not meet the specified criteria, production shall be halted and the issue addressed.
962.05.03 Mix Design Performance Testing
Hamburg Wheel Track Testing of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures MOI 8‐990 is a mix design
requirement performed by the Mix Design Laboratory or its approved subcontractor. The Region
Materials Laboratory may perform this test to verify the submitted results after a mix has been
verified. The Region Lab will follow the procedure in MOI 8‐990 for Slabs or Pucks at its discretion.
The Region Lab will obtain appropriate asphalt binder from the Central Materials Laboratory.
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962.05.04 Mix Design Re‐Verification
The RME may choose to approve a previously verified mix design through a review of documentation
of the original verification process. The documentation must include results of Hamburg testing. The
RME may also require project performance data from use on previous projects.
The RME may elect to require re‐verification of Hamburg Wheel Tracker performance.
The RME will re‐evaluate any mix design(s) at any indication of significant changes to the total mix
properties and/or any individual component. A complete re‐evaluation of SMA mix designs will occur
at a minimum of every two years.
962.05.05 Field Mix Design Verification
The RME may allow a field verification option of the mix design. The Region or Satellite Lab
performs the tests for field verification on material placed on an independent test strip outside of
the project limits. The verification laboratory is required to perform an ignition oven calibration
before field mix design verification in order to determine accurate field asphalt binder content.
To verify the mix design, the following tests are performed on samples obtained in accordance with
MOI 8‐984, and reduced in accordance with MOI 8‐985.
Gmb – determined on a minimum of 3 sets of 2 gyratory specimens – AASHTO T 312 (100
gyrations) and T 166
Gmm – AASHTO T 209
VCAMIX < VCADRC – determined on a minimum of 3 sets of 2 gyratory specimens – AASHTO
T 312 (100 gyration) and T 19
% Asphalt Binder Content – AASHTO T 308 Method A
Gradation of residual aggregate – AASHTO T 30 – performed on the remaining T‐308 sample
Hamburg Wheel Track Testing of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures – MOI 8‐990
Draindown ‐ AASHTO T 305
Should the test results not meet specification the supplier may make adjustments and the process
repeated. The mix design is “Not Verified” if test results fail to meet specification targets after the
second attempt. Expected lab testing variability is considered by the RME on these requirements.
962.05.04 Mix Design Review Report
After the verification process is complete, the RME will place a written summary report in the
materials database as notification of the results. The Mix Design Review Report will indicate
whether the mix design has been:
Verified as Submitted
Verified with Conditions
Not Verified
Results of “Verified with Conditions” and “Not Verified” will include an explanation of conditions
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and/or deficiencies. The Mix Design Review Report will also contain a summary of the region
laboratory test results and necessary construction information. The materials database contains the
necessary report form.
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APPENDIX A
INFORMATION OUTLINE FOR CONSULTANT / CONTRACTOR
MIX DESIGN REPORT
First Two/Three Pages of Design Submitted Shall Include the Following Mix Design Information:
Date
Laboratory Name
Accreditation / credentials (AASHTO RE:SOURCE/UDOT approved)
Laboratory technicians
Credentials (UDOT certified)
UDOT project name and number
Nominal gradation size
Gyratory compactor: brand / model
Asphalt binder
PG grade
Asphalt binder source
Asphalt binder specific gravity ‐ Gb
Hydrated lime source
Measured Physical Properties
Optimum asphalt binder content percentage
VMA (percent by weight of total mix)
VCAMIX and VCADRC
No. 4Aggregate blend specific gravity (Gsb)
Draindown results
Unaged DSR G*/sin delta
RTFO aged DSR G*/sin delta
PAV aged BBR Stiffness
Hydrated lime percentage
Percent stabilizing additive required
Percent mineral filler required
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Bulk specific gravity ‐ Gs
Maximum specific gravity ‐ Gmm
Target gradation
.45 power curve graph of Target gradation
Hamburg Wheel Tracker –
Data output in Department standard format
Plot of maximum rut depth data set for each wheel or single wheel test
Report of rut depth according to MOI 8‐990
Aggregate
One fracture face Count
Two fracture face Count
Fine aggregate angularity
Flakiness
L.A. wear
Sand equivalency (pre‐wet method) natural fines percentage
Unit weight
Additional aggregate source information
Sodium soundness
Clay lumps and friable particles
Plasticity index
Gradation
Stockpile percentages
Stockpile specific gravities (Gsb) and absorptions
Hydrated lime specific gravity and percentage
Target gradation
Plotted gradation
Gyratory design
Calibrated gyratory angle
Calibrated gyratory pressure
Specimen heights
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Reported elsewhere in the submittal:
Results of all trial gradations
Plotted on 0.45 power curve
Target Gradations
Volumetric properties for each trail blend and optimum asphalt binder content
Maximum specific gravity ‐ Gmm
Specimen heights
Pressure applied
Percent of maximum specific gravity
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APPENDIX B
TESTING OF STONE MATRIX ASPHALT MORTARS
This method describes blending and specimen preparation of stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mortars to
predetermine the physical characteristics of mortars. Mortar is the dust (minus No. 200 material) from
the mix combined with the asphalt binder and fiber.
Apparatus for Preparation
1. Balance: 2‐kg capacity, sensitive to 0.1 g. Conform to the requirement of ASTM D 4753,
class GP2 or AASHTO M 231, class G2.
2. Oven: capable of maintaining the required temperature within ± 6 degrees C.
3. Hot plate: at least 700‐W capacity with adjustable temperature control.
4. Sample containers: capable of holding at least 100 g of filler and 200 g of liquid asphalt
binder. A seamless ointment tin is recommended.
5. Mixing tools: wooden tongue depressors, spatulas, and spoons.
6. Insulated gloves: for handling hot samples and equipment.
Sample Preparation Procedure
1. Dry respective aggregate fractions containing material passing the No. 200 sieve to constant
weight (mass) at 110 ± 6 degrees C. Dry sieve these aggregates and collect the dust from
each aggregate. Blend the fillers to meet the percent by volume on the job‐mix‐formula. An
example of how to blend by volume can be found in AASHTO R 46.
2. Place a quart can of pre‐aged liquid asphalt binder into an oven set at 165 ± 6 degrees C.
Refer to this Section, Article 2.5 paragraph D.
3. Weigh 100 ± 0.1 g of minus No. 200 blended filler into the sample container and place into a
175 ± 6 degrees C oven. Leave the material in the oven for at least 30 minutes.
4. Weigh into the filler the proper amount of liquid asphalt binder to the nearest 0.1 g.
5. Place the tin on the hot plate and hand mix with a spatula. Slowly add the proper amount of
fiber (weighed to the nearest 0.1 g) and continue mixing until the mortar is homogeneous.
6. Use loose fiber of the same type to create the mortar or use a high‐shear mixer when
asphalt‐fiber pellets are used. Asphalt‐pellet fibers will not blend into the filler under low‐
shear mixing conditions.
Testing of Mortars
1. Age the liquid asphalt binder according to AASHTO T 240, AASHTO R 28, or both when
performing Performance Grade Asphalt Binder testing of the mortar and before blending with
fillers and fibers.
2. Perform ASTM D 4402 except take readings as soon as the temperature stabilizes because the
fillers will sink to the bottom over time.
3. Perform AASHTO T 315 except use a preheat temperature of 60 degrees C to insure the
specimen will adhere strongly to both plates.
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4. Perform AASHTO T 313 except, using aluminum molds:
a. Place the mold over the corner of the warm hot plate so that the mold is on the hot
plate and the rubber O‐rings are not.
b. Gently tamp the mortar into the mold using a wooden tongue depressor. A light coating
of release agent (glycerin and talc) will assist in this procedure.
c. Repeat step b until the mold is full of mortar.
d. Continue according to AASHTO T 313.
Reporting
Report as required in this MOI Appendix A
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APPENDIX C TO MOI 962
SMA EQUATIONS
The dry weight of virgin aggregate may or may not include the mineral filler. If the mineral filler is not
introduced before the pugmill, it is not considered part of the dry weight of virgin aggregate.
Quantity of lime:
,%
, ,
100
Total Mineral Filler
, , % ,
Quantity of Fiber, g – (Fiber content is expressed as a percentage of the total mix. An estimated total
mix can be calculated or the contractor can supply this value; i.e 2000 g per Gmm determination, 4800 g
per gyratory specimen, etc.)
Estimated total sample weight before introduction of fiber:
100 ,%
100
, , ;
,%
,
100
Actual sample weight:
, , ,
%
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Example:
Target asphalt binder content, percent total mix = 6.5%
Mineral Filler (MF), percent of aggregate and lime = 6%
Fiber content, percent of total mix = 0.5%
Lime content, percent of virgin aggregate = 1%
Dry weight of virgin aggregate = 1800.0 g
1%
, 1800.0 18.0
100
1800.0 18.0 1818.0
%
, 1818.0 109.1
, 1818 109.1 1927.1
100 6.5%
0.935
100
1927.1
2061.1
0.935
0.5%
, 2061.1 10.3
100
1927.1 10.3
2072.1
0.935
6.5% 2072.1
Asphalt binder weight =134.7 g.
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Total sample weight verification:
Material Mass
Aggregate 1800.0
Lime 18.0 g
Mineral filler 109.1
Total fiber 10.3
Asphalt binder 134.7 g
Total sample weight (sum of masses) 2072.1
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