Lesson Plan in Mathematics 10

I. Weekly Objectives
A. Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of combinatorics and
probability.
B. Performance Standards
The learner is able to use precise counting technique and probability in
formulating conclusions and making decisions
C. Learning Competencies/Objectives
1. Illustrates the permutation of objects.
2. Develop skills in counting techniques .
3. Participate actively in class activity and discussion
II. Concept: Statistics and Probability
III. Learning Resources
A. References : ( Teachers guide pp 285 and 310 )
B. Other Learning Resources
Internet, Google, Youtube
IV. Procedures
A. Preliminary Activities
1. Prayer
2. Greetings
3. Presentation of the Objectives of the Lesson

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity

Lets ROLL It

So I have here a die and I’m going to roll it.

So what is the probability of getting any single

number on it ?

Do you have an idea, Yes Ellaine?

The probability is 1/6
Very Good, The probability of getting any
single number from rolling a six sided die is
1/6. Since the sample space contains the value
of S = { 1, 2, 3 ,4, 5 and 6 } suppose I’m going
to pick 2 number from it say event A = ( 3,4 )
What is the probability of getting this
number ?

Yes Marichu? It is 2/6 or 1/3

Very Good Marichu!

For instance to get the probability of an event

it simply
𝒏( 𝑨 ) 𝟐 𝟏
P(A) = 𝒏( 𝑺 ) , P(A) = 𝟔 or 𝟑
 C. Presenting the new lesson

1. Probability

2. Factorial

3. Permutations permutation is an arrangement of all or part of

a set of objects with regards to the order of the
arrangement.

D. Presenting new lesson / instances of the new lesson

But what if I’m going to roll 2 dice ?

What would be my sample space now ?

So if I am going to roll this 2 dice my sample

space would include the value of

S = { 1,1 },{ 1,2 },{ 1,3 }…,{ 1,6 }

{ 2,1 },{ 2,2 },{ 2,3 }…,{ 2,6 }
.
.
{ 6,1 },{ 6,2 },{ 6,3 }…,{ 6,6 }

What if I have 3 or 4 or 5 dice. What would be

my sample space ? Do we need to list every
single elements ?

My point here is that it is possible for us to

have an experiment having a sample space
that contains hundredth of elements or
thousandth or even millions.

Listing every elements of sample space will

take us a lot of time. But Math has an easy
way on how we are going to deal with this
kind of problem.
One way to solve it is using the Multiplication
rule of counting.

For example,

Let say that You are eating in a small

restaurant that offers only 3 appetizers and 2
main dishes. In how many ways you can order
your meal ?
So…

Fig. 1

Over all there are 6 possible ways of choosing

your meal. The number of ways of choosing
your meal is equal to the total number of
appetizers ( 3 ) x total number of dishes ( 2 )

In general

If you have an experiment which is going to

be done in rth different stages

That is…

Stage 1 – Stage 2 – Stage 3 … – Stage r

Also if you have 𝑛1 of doing Stage 1, 𝑛2 of

doing Stage 2 up to 𝑛𝑟 of doing the Stage r,

That is…

Stage 1 – Stage 2 – Stage 3 … – Stage r

𝒏𝟏 𝒏𝟐 𝒏𝟑 … 𝒏𝒓

Then the number of ways of doing the

experiment is

𝒏𝟏 𝒙 𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝒏𝟑 … 𝒙 𝒏𝒓

And that is the Multiplication Rule of Counting

Is that clear ?
Yes sir…
Let us say I have an urn here containing 4
distinct marbles,
( red, blue, green and black ) and I’m going to
conduct an experiment. That is I’m going to
draw a marbles then after knowing its color I
will return it to the urn, Then I’m going to
draw a marble again, after knowing its color I
will put it back again to the same urn. In how
many ways I can do it ?
Fig. 2

1st Draw 2nd Draw

So in 1st draw I have 4 choices of marbles

and in 2nd draw I still have 4 choices, since I
return the marble I have drawn to the same
urn.

So it is simply 4 x 4 = 16

But what if I’m going to make some changes

in my sampling schemes. I will do the same
experiment but this time without replacing
back the marbles to the urn.

Fig. 3

1st Draw 2nd Draw

Let’s say I picked the color green on my 1st

draw, since I will not put it back to the urn,
in my 2nd draw I now only have 3 choices of
marbles

In this case..

4 x 3 = 12 ways

So we might ask a question of, In how many

ways can a series of an rth distinct object \
can draw from nth distinct object?

In that case the number of ways of doing

that is equal to
n n-1 n-2 ........... n–r+1
st nd rd
1 2 3 ............ rth

( n ) ( n -1 ) ( n – 2 ) … ( n – r + 1 )

When we do this kind of sampling we call

this as Permutation of rth distinct objects
from nth distinct objects

where ( n ≥ r )

Understood ?
Yes sir…
We use a symbol for this:
nPr = ( n ) ( n -1 ) ( n – 2 ) … ( n – r + 1 ) x ( n – r )( n – r – 1 ) … 3 x 2 x 1

( n – r )( n – r – 1 ) … 3 x 2 x 1

Which is equal to :
𝒏!
nPr = (
𝒏−𝒓 )!

where n! = ( n – r )( n – r – 1 ) … 3 x 2 x 1

For example :

1. Suppose there 10 athletes competing

in 100 meters run. In how many ways
can the runners arrange their ranking
in top 3 competitors.
10 9 8
st nd
1 2 3rd
st
So in 1 place there have 10 options,
in 2nd place there have only 9 since
one runner already crossed the finish
line and in 3rd place there have 8
options of runners because 2 runners
crossed already the finish line.

So the number of ways of ranking the

runners to top 3 competitors is

10 x 9 x 8 = 720

One thing I want you to note here is that

Ordering Matters
10! 10! 10 𝑥 9 𝑥 8 𝑥 7 𝑥 6 𝑥 5 𝑥 4 𝑥 3𝑥 2 𝑥 1
10P3 = ( = =
10−7 )! 7! 7𝑥6𝑥5𝑥4𝑥3𝑥2𝑥1

= 720 ways
So why do I say order matters ? Let say Carl
came first next is Harold and next is Carlo.
This order is completely different if Carlo
came first next is Harold and next is Carl.

That’s why ordering matters in permutation.

Understood ?
Yes sir…
Let’s say if I’m going to get the permutation
of n objects from n objects ( nPn ), I’m
pointing the orderings of then distinct
objects.

Example:

Lets say there are 5 distinct books ( Math1,

Math2, Math3, Math4, English4 ) in how
many ways can I arrange it in the bookshelf ?
5! 5!
So it is equal to : 5P5 = =
( 5−5 )! 0!
= 5! =

Note that 0! = 1

Is that clear ?

Yes sir…

E. Mastery of the content

Identify the following situations that illustrate The situations that illustrate permutations is
Permutations item:

1. Selecting 5 noisy classmates in your 2. Forming a group consisting of 3

class. members from 6 people.
2. Forming a group consisting of 3 3. 5 people arranging themselves in
members from 6 people. a row for selfie.
3. 5 people arranging themselves in a 4. 7 people arranging themselves to
row for selfie. sit in a bus having only 3 available
4. 7 people arranging themselves to sit sits.
in a bus having only 3 available sits. 5. Electing your classmates as
5. Electing your classmates as President, Vice President, and
President, Vice President, and Secretary in your classroom.
Secretary in your classroom. 6. Arranging the 4 letters word L O V E
6. Arranging the 4 letters word L O V E 7. Determining your top 3 crushes in
7. Determining your top 3 crushes in the school.
the school.
8. Selecting 4 team mates in rank mode
in MOBILE LEGENDS.
9. Choosing 3 of your classmates to
attend in your birthday party.
10. Picking 5 friends to chat in your 99+
online.
 F. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

So this time I want you to group into 5 groups. Students will present their explanation in
Each group will going pick situations and front
explain or illustrate why that situation
considered as permutation

Pick a representative to explain here in front or

illustrate the situation by group.

G. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

So let’s make a recap about our discussion

Again what is the formula we use in finding the
permutation of rth distinct object from nth
distinct objects ?
Yes.. Kristel ?
𝒏!
Very good Kristel Sir it’s nPr = ( 𝒏−𝒓 )!
𝒏!
We use nPr = ( 𝒏−𝒓 )!

How about if I ask the permutation of nth

distinct objects from nth distinct objects ?
Yes Angelica ?
Its n! sir
That’s right angelica
It is n!
Does order matters in permutation ?
Yes..
Very good ! ordering is matter in permutations.
H. Evaluating learning

Answer the following:

1. In how many ways can you arranged the letters in the word ROCES ?
2. If you’re going to arrange numbers { 1 2 3 … 9 ) four at a time without
replacement in how many ways you can do it ?
3. If you have 3 coins and you are going to toss it all together, In how many
Possible ways could it appear ?

I. Assignment

In your note book answer the following stated situations that describe
permutations. Answer completely and neatly.

1. 5 people arranging themselves in a row for selfie.

2. 7 people arranging themselves to sit in a bus having only 3 available sits.
3. Electing your classmates as President, Vice President, and Secretary in your
classroom.
4. Arranging the 4 letters word L O V E
5. Determining your top 3 crushes in the school.