Summary, Conclusion & Recommendations
Summary, Conclusion & Recommendations
Summary, Conclusion & Recommendations
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growing population to adopted informal sector as a source of
livelihood.
The reasons for growing of informal sector in anywhere in the
world includes weak education system. That is incapable for
training the students for acquiring a potential rewarding job,
irrespective of the growth of a nay nation and advancement in
the economic development of any country. Informal sector is
happily absorbing one who want to join the sector. Both the sex
that is male and female are getting involved in informal sector
of employment and are trying to earn their livelihood through
it.
In India informal sector has its deep root and many still
considers the sector the sector as the best alternative to earn
livelihood if all means fails. Both male and female of age even
less than 14 is actively involving the sector. The reason behind
involvement of large population in the sector being the
monetary return factor. The informal sector has the potential to
start giving output from day one of the investment.
In India men and women are active participant in the informal
sector, yet women are still considered as the most vulnerable
sex out of the two in the business. Family responsibilities such
as child care, education and marriage keeps on forcing them
deep in to the sector.
The reason behind the phenomenon being the India culture
were men still feels that women are solely responsible for the
above mentioned activities. Women in India in informal sector
frequently adopts role of domestic help & street vendor.
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Involving in vegetable or fruit vending activities or maintaining
or running a food joint at the corner of the streets, these women
face all the hardship for survival. Yet some have decent set of
skills that can be effectively utilized in formal sectors. Worst
hit profession in Informal sector for women is the domestic
helper profile in which at the times exposed to poor treatment
and physical abuse that is enough to demotivate and demoralize
them for further time period.
Ignorance, customs and traditions and lack of skills proposed
by them are few major cause that are leading India females to
enter into the informal sector. More and more women in these
jobs profile get minimum wages, ill treatment and almost
works in a semi bondage situation. Although previous studies
that focus on informal sector in other regions of India other
than Chhattisgarh reveal that the main cause to enter was to
fight poverty and to have a source of income for running the
family.
If there is a proper documentation of definition informal sector,
it could have definitely focused upon the following points
mentioned below: -
8. Small scale production of goods
9. Season and temporal business
10. Alternate source or plan B to earn livelihood
11. Tool to fight poverty without begging
12. Area were people possessing lack of skill get absorbed
13. Instant Job security
14. Faster return on Investment
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It is also observed in past few years that most of the people
involving in informal sector are migrants from the rural areas who
migrated from the rural area to urban area in search of employment
by letting go their agricultural land and practices and when
migrated to urban area and not finding suitable jobs as per their set
of skills. They enter in to informal sector to support their families
back in the village.
The trend is ever growing especially in tier I and II cities and
adjoining rural areas in India.
The informal sector yet do not have a structure and the
organization structure keeps on changing, shifting. They generally
boom if it is picked up. For example the Dharawi region of
Mumbai.
The informal sector units operates as an organization with no
division of capital and labor, every agency working towards proper
labor laws is working to define the informal sector of India. These
organizations define informal sector as those areas of business or
employments that are being held by individual and household and
not legally constituted or incorporated. The business never has a
fixed business size neither the size of employee structure is
documented the organization will n ever noticed professional
hiring or firing. In case of domestic help the worker is a non –
contracted in the house he or she is working in and is supposed to
have complete liberty of turning up or not for the any or many
days.
However agricultural practices in any form is always excluded
from the informal sector by all the researchers in the past and is
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legitimate to exclude agricultural practices from the informal sector
as the practice is the back bone of our economy and with
introduction of food security and right to food, government
agencies are systematically buying and selling agro products, thus
shaping the entire agriculture industry or farming into a formal
sector.
Focusing again on the informal sector, it consists of nearly all
incorporated privately owned business that are engaged in
production of goods and services. On a propriety or partnership
business the organization needs be greater than 14 employees.
For many years lawmakers and policy makers assumed that the
development policies and laws will benefit the poor directly and
will help them to raise their standard of living.
The law makers and policy makers assumed that the magic wand of
dynamic economic policies will act for and make the informal
sector disappear from the front picture. But due to earlier unrelaxed
policies and their accumulative effect the informal sector not only
generated new employment but the entire sector boomed and
almost now stands at par level of formal sector. With some
informal sector business such as rag recycling stands more
prosperous than white collared IT industry.
The sole reason for the ever development of the informal sector
being the failure of many countries to not able to adopt a modern
economy that can provide employment options for possessed set of
skills or can provide the necessary need skills if the person is
lacking. However the informal sector is an important part of
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growing economy and the physical environment of developing
country such as India.
Informal jobs are now not only more prevalent but has been
providing better job security in these hit economy worldwide. If
studied in detail about the tax organization or the tax amount
received from informal sector, the studies will show that the
informal sector has become more complex with people involving in
informal activities earning more than people employed in formal
sector thus paying more tax then them.
Moreover the developing speed is now so fast that many of those
who are not able to catch up to the technology are participating in
informal sector that employees people in sub-contracting, temporal
works, capable enough to let the involved one earn livelihood
comfortably. Moreover as the development in countries will
increase the more people who fails to catch up with in the
technology that demand the investment of capital and time to get or
develop specific employable skills around it, will include in the
hassle free informal sector.
The best role of informal sector for any developing country is the
role of reduction of poverty and hunger from the country is in
significant amount. The change is easily noticed in countries like
India and Srilanka were people are now leading a respectable life if
they involve in informal activities,
For some people informal sector is the only source of income
hence now mere assumptions that dynamic economic policies will
drive informal sector out of the country is false.
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The informal sectors from past is facing the problems related to the
policy development specific to those involving informal sector.
Almost handfuls of laws not effective exists for those involving in
informal sector. The laws that are there only deals with the rights
that are well addressable through human rights and are not specific
to business purpose activities.
The unavailability of labor statistics in some countries make it
more difficult to address the cause or absence of business policies
related to the informal sector. If there is proper documentation of
contribution of informal sector in the socio economic development
that includes, income and education status of those indulging in
informal, then the policy making will be more effective and then
will be more focused upon the specific business pain points that are
being experienced at present by the people involved in informal
sector.
A separate department is almost the need of the day that can handle
the informal sector and functioning related to the same. The
department can handle the proposed survey and could actually
mine the obtained data and extract necessary information from the
data and use it for specific reasons, like for to account for the
contribution of informal sector for the society and on the national
economy level once the data will be well at hand and information
starts to come out from the process of data mining the policy
makers will be able to decide the revenue obtained to the
government through informal sector and will be able to plan the
next allotment from the budget for progressive development.
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The government will be able to focus upon fixing the wages for
domestic help and rolling out targeted subsidies for the informal
sector employees with targeted specific policies the government
can change the scenario of informal sector for good and can
introduce new economic policies that actually suits the need of the
informal workers by protecting their needs and acting as a virtual
guardian for their business.
The data will not only help to discover the contribution of informal
sector in the national and state GDP but will also help the policy
makers to have a bigger picture of the scenario and developed
plans for macro level.
The data will render information such as: -
5. Contribution to GDP
6. Size of informal sector
7. Skill possessed by them
8. Present socio economic status
Macro level of planning with above mentioned points under
consideration will change the picture in a way that with due
exhaustive data the people will now be able to determine the
potential markets of their products and competitors, and with
competition quality improves.
The business in informal sector ranges from food joint to selling
imported flowers to providing help services. The people indulged
in the business activities of informal sector has the equal to grow
into a booming magnet that attracts more business thus having
more opportunity to enter into the main stream.
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However the constrained resources due to no formal
documentation and complex procedures restrain them from loan,
investment and attract investors.
The business has the potential to turn into a SME any time if
proper backing with monetary resources is provided, to cases are
widely known that a Juhu chawapti food joint grew into a multi-
billion dollar business and is now a well-known franchise and the
largest slum in the world is Dharawi is hosting at least 3000 small
household business that in total post an annual turnover of around
200 crore Indian Rupees.
With proper focus and policies and equal opportunities the
informal sector business can convert into profit yield mainstream
business in no time.
Government policies should be relaxed and protection rights are
necessary to prosper, informal business is no other alien case than
above discussed policies such as small loans up to 5lakh rupees
made available to one who is willing to grow to a mainstream one
in turn of proper guarantee and optimized interest rate that can help
the owner or the household to retain more profit and to grow
further then to get trapped in interest loop hole.
With assuming and noticing the facts that every person cannot be
rendered job in the main stream we can say that the informal sector
is a way to earn livelihood. As discussed above that each and every
one cannot be employed in mainstream but each and every one can
start their legal way of earning livelihood.
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In this place the importance of informal sector come in to action
that lets the people to open up their own road side food joint,
vending kiosk etc.
The ultimate aim of the person entering into the informal sector is
to earn the livelihood the aim serves two purpose of personal and
national importance, first the people gets source of income, second
the number of poor in the country went down thus easing of the on
government shoulder, thus ultimately leading to best use of
resources available with government bodies. Once a person decides
to move forward in informal sector he or she has the option to
choose from variety of streams available in Informal sector.
The employees or practitioner can be categorized into different
categories each described in detail in the coming section
8. Rag pickers
9. Vendors
10. Coolies
11. Parlor assistant
12. Domestic help
13. Mason/Construction worker
14. Garment worker
Rag pickers are the one involved in management of waste and thus
indirectly maintaining cities cleanliness. Rag pickers are source of
raw material for recycling industries. The majority of work force in
informal sector lies in vendor region, the people generally
employee in vending of
7. Fruit
8. Vegetable
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9. Toys and garments
10. Cheap beauty product
11. Household goods
12. Non vegetable vending
Coolies are porters that carry load from one place to another in
exchange of money. Domestic help is already talked about
profession in early talks. Construction workers are generally make
shift part time activity that is generally adopted by seasonal
farmers.
In this research work the researcher will focus upon the working
condition of the women involved in informal sector. Specifically
those involved in street vending.
The female street vendor in the Chhattisgarh region belong to all
ages right from under 10 over 75 years. Women actively participate
in vending activities that are often backed by them only and less
frequently backed by family member.
The thesis will address all the aspects of vending and condition of
women involved in street vending activities.
The trades that will considered will be
5. Food and flower vending
6. Vegetable and fruit vending
7. Cloth or garment vending
8. Beauty product vending
The objectives of the study is mentioned in detail in this chapter
and will be discussed separately.
There has been many movement by various trade unions and grass
root organization working with the workers of informal sector.
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These organizations can be considered as the pressure group.
Recognizing the pressure from these groups that include union,
research institute and international development agencies, the
government has started to take care few aspects of the informal
sector. The government has an initiative and has now started to
allot permanent registered vendors on a random lucky draw based
system. The government allocated kiosk are permanent in nature
and are not removed by municipal-corporation during the raids to
identify illegal encroachments.
Economic growth in 21st century is dynamic and by dynamic it
mean that it will and is having its own share of ups and downs and
will affect the people.
When economic slowdown happen people in the formal sector face
difficulties in making there ends meet. Thus the informal sector
acts as a shock absorber for these conditions. One can easily notice
that informal sector is a part of formal sector in an integral way.
The informal sector often produces small products that are visible
on the multi-retail shops at exclusive prices earning from
production of handicraft items to road side tea stalls outside of an
office. Everyone one is contributing in the success being tasted by
the formal sector.
However there is another side of the coin as well. With trade
liberalization and FDI allowances and opening of multi-national
retail outlets for vegetable and food supplies and their policies of
picking up the product directly from the producer and thus selling
items cheaper than road side vendors. The profit level of these
vendors are bound to be decreased. Yet the claims of elimination of
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road side vendors due to introduction of these MNC retailers is
false as the road side vendors are integral part of Indian household
supply chain and over the years their roots are deep rooted and
capable enough to sustain shocks and market slowdowns better
than formal sectors.
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(zero order correlation matrix) of obtaining correlation between
variables was used.(Variables being income, marital status,
investment, literacy, age, family size, type of vending, duration of
engagement.
To fulfill fourth objective of the study relationship between
income , expenditure and nature of business of women street
vendor of Raipur city a Chi- square test was performed between
income and nature of business and expenditure and nature of
business .
To test the null hypothesis calculated value of chi square was
compared with the table value at 5 percent level of significance.
Primary data was collected by performing the survey in each zones
and making it compulsory that in each zone at least 30 women
streets vendors are interviewed. The interview questions were
designed so as to meet the primary requirements of the research
objective. The author tried to interview maximum possible female
vendors in each zone. The study and outcome of the thesis will be
represented zone wise. The study undertakes only 30 valid
responses from female street vendors of each zone. Data was
cleaned by rejecting the incomplete forms or in case of completely
absurd reply.
A detailed socio economic study of women street vendors is
required for whole Chhattisgarh state , but due to lack of monetary
fund and time constrain the study is limited for the women street
vendors of the Raipur city only.
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Chapter 2 then focused about the current state of the
knowledge and the work done by other researchers in the field of
the informal sector in terms of women street vendors.
Chapter 3 focused on brief profile of Raipur city.
Chapter 4 showed the analysis over the different socio-
economic and demographic factors like nature of vending, type of
vending, marital status of vendors, investment of savings, age
profile of female street vendors, family size, members supporting
business, caste of female street vendors, religion of vendors,
duration of engagement, photo id proof, earnings per day, season of
vending, timings of vending, business days, source of funding.
Spending habits, vending license, police action and possessing
bank account.
Chapter 5 discussed about the outcome of the analysis
performed in chapter 4, the discussion described below: -
Nature of Vending: - According to survey data zone 1 had
vegetable vendors in maximum number as compared to other
vending activity in the same region, fafadih had other types of
vending activities maximum not mentioned in list, shankar nagar
zone is famous for its street foods and witnessed maximum street
food vending in all zones, Ghadi chowk had maximum vegetable
vendors due to presence of vegetable market in the region,
vivekanad ashram noticed maximum cloth vending stall out of all
regions, Bhatagaon noticed Vegetable vending as a major vending
activity, Tatyapara had other vending activities as in majority,
while for the housing board region vegetable vending was at
maximum.
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Type of Vending: - According to the survey data number of
female vendor’s having fixed station for vending was 191 while
number of female vendors having mobile station for vending was
248. Hence it is concluded that the majority of them donot have a
fixed vending station and generally set up the stall on daily basis
with minimum accessories to set up the shop which generally
includes a wooden basket and a manual balance.
Marital Status: - According to the survey data 82.5% of the
female street vendors were married and 17.5% of them were
unmarried. The female vendors are generally in to the business to
compensate the low income of the family so that they can have at
least a bare minimum standard of living. Married female vendors
included women under the age of 18 also( the minimum legal age
for female of getting married in India). But due to lenient laws and
many socioeconomic reasons, vending by under18 but married ,
were in full swing with no one to check upon it. Marriage at an
early stage is one of the main reasons for the female vendors to
drop out from the school and opt for unskilled labor.
Investment of Savings: - According to the survey data 37.5% of
the female street vendors invested their earnings in day to day
activity, 31.6% of the them invest their savings for the purpose of
getting a family member married which is generally the girl child,
only 3.75% of them invested it on education of their kids which is
an alarming sign as majority of the kids of female vendors do not
attend even the primary school as they are either supporting the
vending business or presence of a driving force i.e. mother is not at
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home during the general school timings. 10.4% of them spent it on
other activities while 10% of them gave their earnings to the family
members.
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themselves, 18.7% of the female street vendor got support from
one member of the family, 12.9% of the female found support from
two people of their family, and 4.5% were supported by 3members
of their family. The percentage of family members supporting the
vending business depends upon the type of vending business being
carrying out. Generally female vendors involved in street food
vending are supported by large number of family members as food
vending requires preparations that cannot be done alone. Similarly
women involved selling of non-veg. items were supported by at
least 3 family members as breeding of animals for meat is a tedious
task, Similarly vendors engaged in flower vending business were
also supported by multiple family members.
Caste of Female Vendors: - As per the survey data 78 female
vendors belonged to General category, 72 belonged to OBC
category, 24 belonged to SC category, 40 belonged to ST category
and 26 of them were unaware of their caste category.
Religion of Women: - According to the survey data, 160 female
vendors were of Hindu religion while 26 of them belonging to
Muslim religion, 13 from Christian community, 7 from Jain, while
32 from other religious community, zone 1 had the maximum
number of women belonging to Muslim community i.e. 6 and
mostly were involved in meat shops which either they have started
with the help of their husband or are carrying out their family
traditions. Hindu female vendors generally were engaged in
vending of vegetables or in to flower business with some of them
involved in street food business. 27 Hindu female street vendors
were present in shankar nagar, this zone had the maximum female
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vendors and majority of them were either involved in fruit vending
or were vending street food. Ghadi chowk witnessed only 1
Muslim female street vendor due to the fact that it’s a highly
commercial zone and people do not entertain meat shops near the
commercial zones.
Duration of Engagement: - according to the survey data, 11
vendors had 10 to 14 years of experience and were in the vending
business before their marriage, 63 vendors have started it recently
and out of it mostly are in their teen age or early 20, 78 vendors
were having 2 to 4 years of experience, 33 were having 5 to 9 years
of experience, 21 were having 15 to 19 years of experience and
were well established and famous in their locality for vending
quality goods, 25 female vendors were vending since past 25 years
and have spent maximum duration of their life in vending,
surprisingly there were vendors who were in to the business from
past 50 years with some of them jumped in to the business when
they were in their early teen age.
Photo identity proof: - As per the survey data, all of the female
vendors were having identity proof such as ration card, BPL card
and voter card. This is due to the fact that political parties for vote
get them registered on the voter list and also because state
government is running food security schemes that provide food at
nominal cost to the persons registered under BPL schemes.
Earnings per Day: - As per the survey data 41.66% of the female
vendors were earning in between 301 to 400 Rupees per day. The
females in this category were generally associated with the
vegetable vending business, 0.416% of the female vendors were
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earning 1000 and above and they were associated with the vending
antique items such as old phone and artifacts, women earning
between 501 to 999 were generally associated with the food
vending business, 0.41667%, 32.5% of the women were earning
between 201 to 300 and majority of them were associated with the
fish vending business, while 1.667% of the female vendors were
earning less than 50, they didn't have a permanent stall and were
vending unconventional goods which is generally not preferred by
the regular buyers( stuff like Pan masala and Cigarettes). Vendors
who were earning in between 50 to 100 also fell in to the same
section of female vendors involved in vending of cigarettes and
pan masala.
Season of Vending: - many female vendors were seasonal vendors
while majority of them were having a permanent vending business,
females such as those involved in street food vending of seasonal
recipes were having seasonal business and often try to engage
themselves in manual labor after the vending season is over, while
majority of thoes involved in vending over the year, tend to
switch to different vending options but confine themselves only in
vending business.
Timings of vending: - As per the survey data, 8.75% of the female
street vendors observe vending hours in the morning due to
obvious reason of security and family restrictions, they tend to go
to home before 6:00 Pm as majority of them have kids and have to
prepare meals for them. 21.25% of the female vendors observed
vending hours during office hours only as their customer base are
the people working in offices only. Some of the female street
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vendors involved in street food vending activity followed trading
hours in evening only, while 16.66% of them followed trading till
mid-day.41.66% of the vendors observed vending hours as whole
day (till 8pm) as they wanted to maximize their sale, these women
are generally engaged in trading of perishable goods like
vegetables and fish which tend to decompose in few hours, hence
to save themselves from storing the left over for next day they tend
to maximize the vending hours.
Business Days: - As per the survey carried out, nearly 41.66 % of
the female vendors were vending on a daily basis and majority of
them were involved in activities such as vending of vegetables that
are daily need in households, 18.75% of the them involved in six
days vending and were generally keeping their stations near to the
offices and school who observe six days working in a week.
12.91% of the woman were vending for 5 days these women were
keeping their station near to the corporate office who have a work
culture of five working days in a week, nearly 8.75% of the
vendors were observing 4 days vending in a week they were
carrying out selling of non-vegetables and generally do not come
for vending on Saturday and Tuesday as they are holy days
considered in general and as days not fit for vending non
vegetables items and also observe a day off on Sunday, less than
one percent of them were vending for one day only, with nearly
0.41% vending for two days, these women were vending flowers
that are generally brought from other states like west Bengal.
Source of Funding: - As per the survey carried out in all the eight
zones, 37.9% of the female vendors fund their business from the
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profit they earned from their day to day activities, while 14.1% of
the female street vendors borrowed money from their friend to
fund the business, 12.91% of the female street vendors had taken it
either from their husband or from relative to fund the business,
17.08% of them approached bank for loan as a source to start the
business and others arranged it from other sources not mentioned
in the analysis. The low percentage of female vendor’s
approaching bank for loan is due to the fact that banks asks for lots
of paper work and the interest rate of private banks being too high,
hence majority of them try to fund their own business and often
find it difficult to expand the vending business on a larger scale
due to constraints of fund. According to analysis female vendors
find it more suitable to borrow money either from close friend or
from the money lenders that often give loans on the basis of
acquaintance.
Spending Habits: - 13.75% of the female kept their earning to
themselves, 16.66% of them either spend it for the education of
their children or on family elders or their earning was consumed by
their husband in either gambling or liquor. 17.08% of them utilized
the money for payment of installment for the loan taken from
mahajans to start the business, 23.33% of them utilized the money
to clear the loan taken from banks, 9.583% of the vendors loaned it
to their female friends and 19% of the vendors spent in other
miscellaneous activities.
Vending License: - Out of 240 vendors surveyed, only 32.5% of
the vendors had the vending license and were eligible for vending
on the streets, where as 67.5% of the population under survey
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didn't had the valid vending licenses. The police often take
disciplinary action on the street vendors but the action is only
limited to violation of traffic rules and carrying out vending
activities after the scheduled time. However a frequent check
should be done on the vendors to check for the valid vendor
license. Vendors not having proper vending license, tend to
consume the business of the vendors having proper vending
license, the vendors without the vending license tends to hijack the
vending activity in the area were the vendors with valid vending
license by either giving a fierce competition in the pricing or by
vending at not eligible or schedule timings.
Police Action: - The police of Raipur city from time to time take
disciplinary action on the street vendors in case the vendors are
found violating the law, the data was collected on the basis that
whether the action has been taken in previous six months or not on
them, 15.41% of them said that police did take action on them
like confiscating the vending goods and station, imposing penalties
on them for violating traffic rules or for vending after the decided
hours are over, while 84.5% of them said that no action was taken
on them.
Possessing Bank Account: - Number of female vendors that are
having bank accounts was 81 that is 33.75 percent of the total
population under survey, while the no. of vendors having no bank
account being 159. High number of female vendors do not possess
bank account due to the fact that majority of them are uneducated
and do not know how to invest the money earned at right place or
how to have a sustainable source of savings. The high number of
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population under survey not having bank account is a serious threat
to the economic security of the vendors, and majority of them have
the tendency to save the earnings at home only.
After statistical analysis on the data that included correlation
analysis it was deduced that
1. Marital status was less correlated to income.
2. Investment was highly correlated to income, higher
the income more they spent in expanding their
business.
3. The factor illiteracy was having a negative correlation
with income. More the illiteracy less the income.
4. The factor age was having a high negative correlation
with income which indicates that as the women age
their earning decrease which was due to the fact that
informal sector involves more physical effort hence
with increasing age the female in informal sector
witness a decline in their income.
5. Family size was less correlated with income showing
only 0.34 correlation on numerical scale.
6. Type of vending was more strongly correlated to
income as the type of business one involved was
certainly defined her income. The women involved in
activities such as street food vending and selling of
meat were having a better edge in terms of monetary
benefit when compared to women involved in
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vegetable selling business. Correlation noticed
between factors was 0.54.
7. Duration of engagement was having a very high
correlation with income, 0.68, the longer the time
duration of involved in business the better customer
base they develop, and over the top of it if a vendor
takes care of what quality of product she is selling to
the buyer, they enjoy a healthy customer vendor
relationship.
8. Investment on other hand had a very low correlation
between literacy and age, 0.24 and 0.32 respectively.
9. While investment was highly correlated to type of
vending correlation being 0.62. Business like street
food vending and meat selling requires an initial
capital investment, hence more the investment, more
the high earning type of business.
10. Illiteracy was having a high negative correlation with
age the higher the age the more chance of female
vendor being illiterate the reason behind it is that the
government scheme of promoting education was
introduced in recent years only while majority of the
women were involved in vending business from
almost 1980’s. Hence at that time development was
not at peak and neither the hunger to grow faster with
the world, hence educational which is the basic
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requirement for a steady growth was given least
importance and earning money was preferred most.
11. Illiteracy showed its impact on family size as well the
lesser the education ,more the family size, reason
behind this is that due illiteracy most of the vendors
are not aware of the consequences of large family size
and also severe ignorance towards birth contraceptive
method. Birth contraceptive method in any form is
still taboo to many in India.
12. Illiteracy and duration of engagement shows positive
correlation as explained in point 10 that if vendor was
40+, she was born in the time when the government
had not introduced the various schemes to promote
education and as such these women could not benefit
from various skill development programme thus one
find that if a vendor was illiterate she was having a
duration of engagement in informal sector much
higher than any other.
13. Duration of engagement was having a high correlation
with age, the higher the age the higher the duration
engagement in the business.
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Findings from Chi square Test Analysis showed that :-
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3. The vending activities should be effectively monitored by
the ward members and should stand for the vendors if they
are right and their rights are encroached by an organization.
4. Municipal corporation should be responsible for properly
managing the informal sector in the cities and should provide
formal vending regions to the people involved in the street
vending so as that the street vendors to do not create
disorganization of the streets.
5. Actions should be immediately taken on the street vendors
that are not following the rules and regulation laid by the
municipal corporation.
6. The government should run skill development programs for
the vendors.
7. The vendors should be encouraged to join the VTP skill
program run by the state and the central government.
8. Laws should be formulated on the priority basis to fix the
wages of the worker working in the informal sector.
9. Specialized micro financial units should be formed to
support the street vendors.
10. Free night schools are necessary for educating the street
vendors.
11. Abolishment of alcohol from the region will help the
vendors to save their earnings.
12. Free scholarships and education to the children of people
involved in informal sector and are earning lesser than the
threshold.
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