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    Biofuels

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    husnain
    The document discusses different types of biofuels including bioethanol, biodiesel, biobutanol, and biogas. It describes how each type is produced, such as by fermenting sugar cane for bioethanol and transesterifying vegetable oils for biodiesel. The advantages of biofuels are outlined as renewable, reducing greenhouse gases and pollution, and providing economic security. However, biofuels also have disadvantages like high production costs, potential food shortages, and needing fertilizers.

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    Biofuels

    Uploaded by

    husnain
    97 views27 pages
    The document discusses different types of biofuels including bioethanol, biodiesel, biobutanol, and biogas. It describes how each type is produced, such as by fermenting sugar cane for bioethanol and transesterifying vegetable oils for biodiesel. The advantages of biofuels are outlined as renewable, reducing greenhouse gases and pollution, and providing economic security. However, biofuels also have disadvantages like high production costs, potential food shortages, and needing fertilizers.

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    biofuels types and future in pakistan

    Original Title

    Biofuels (1)

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    The document discusses different types of biofuels including bioethanol, biodiesel, biobutanol, and biogas. It describes how each type is produced, such as by fermenting sugar cane for bioethanol and transesterifying vegetable oils for biodiesel. The advantages of biofuels are outlined as renewable, reducing greenhouse gases and pollution, and providing economic security. However, biofuels also have disadvantages like high production costs, potential food shortages, and needing fertilizers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    97 views27 pages

    Biofuels

    Uploaded by

    husnain
    The document discusses different types of biofuels including bioethanol, biodiesel, biobutanol, and biogas. It describes how each type is produced, such as by fermenting sugar cane for bioethanol and transesterifying vegetable oils for biodiesel. The advantages of biofuels are outlined as renewable, reducing greenhouse gases and pollution, and providing economic security. However, biofuels also have disadvantages like high production costs, potential food shortages, and needing fertilizers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 27

    Bio fuels

    An Alternate Fuel
    ▪ Introduction of Biofuels
    ▪ Biofuel feedstock
    ▪ Classification of Biofuels
    ▪ Manufacturing Process of Biofuels
    ▪ Advantages and Disadvantages of Biofuel
    ▪ Scope In Pakistan
    ▪ References
    • Biofuel is the fuel which is produced from organic
    products and wastes.
    • The common commercially used biofuels are
    bioethanol, biodiesel and biomethane.
     Bioethanol is made from sugar, algae, wheat and
    sugar beet
     Biodiesel is made from vegetable oil, algal lipids,
    animal fats
     Biomethane can be produced from waste organic
    material, sewage, agriculture waste and domestic
    wastes.
    History

    • In 1890s Rudolf Diesel was a first person who


    made biodiesel from vegetable oil.

    • In 2010 the production of biofuels reaches up


    to 105 billion liters worldwide.

    • In 2011, European countries were the largest


    that made biodiesel almost about 53%. The
    international Energy Agency set a goal to
    reduce the usage of petroleum and coal and
    will be switched on to biofuels till 2050.
    Soybean Corn Sugarcane Sugar beet

    Switchgrass Jatropha Camelina Algae


    Cassava Palm oil Certain fungi

    Animal fat Agricultural wastes


    Classification of Biofuels

    ➢ Also called conventional biofuels. It includes sugar, starch, or


    vegetable oil

    ➢ known as advanced biofuels and can be manufactured from


    different types of biomass. The biomass contains lignocellulosic
    material like wood, straw and waste plastic

    ➢ Extract from algae mostly marine algae


    Advantages of Biofuels over Fossil Fuels

    • Lower emissions Green gas


    • Renewable
    • Biodegradable
    • Safer
    Bioethanol

    Biobutanol Biodiesel

    Biogas
    Bioethanol
    ▪ Bioethanol is produced by the fermentation of
    carbohydrate rich source which includes sugar
    cane, sugar beet, corn etc
    ▪ It is colorless and clear liquid
    ▪ One of the widely used alternative automotive
    fuel in the world
    Ad-Disadvantages of Bioethanol

    Advantages Disadvantages
    Ethanol is a renewable resource Large amounts leading to problems
    such as soil erosion, deforestation.

    Ethanol burns more cleanly in air than Typical current engines would require
    petroleum modification

    The use of ethanol reduce carbon Expensive


    dioxide emissions
    Biodiesel
    • Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel, is made from re-
    new able biological sources such as vegetable oils
    and animal fats.

    • Similar to petroleum diesel fuel in structure (straight


    chain) and number of carbon atoms (10 to 21)

    • The Biodiesel can be prepared by Transesterification.


    Application of Biodiesel

    • Railway usage
    • Aircraft use
    • As a heating oil
    • Cleaning oil spills
    • Biodiesel in generators
    • Vehicles
    Advantages-Disadvantages of Biodiesel

    Can be used pure biodiesel B100. Biodiesel is significantly more


    expensive compared to standard
    diesel
    Biodiesel has shorter ignition delay Biodiesel can release nitrogen oxide
    compared to standard diesel which can lead to the formation of
    smog.
    Biodiesel has no sulfur content, and so Pure biodiesel has significant
    it doesn't contribute to acid rain problems with low temperatures
    formation
    Biodiesel has good lubricating Food Shortage can be occurred
    properties better than standard diesel
    Biobutanol
    • The term biobutanol refers to butanol made from
    renewable resources such as grain or cornstalks by
    fermentation process

    • Bacteria; known as, solventogenic Clostridia is used

    • Butanol is more similar to gasoline than to ethanol.


    Biobutanol Applications
    • Gasoline (as an additive) and brake fluid (formulation
    component)
    • Solvent –for paints, coatings, varnishes
    • Plasticizers –to improve how a plastic material processes
    • Coatings –as a solvent for a variety of applications,
    • Chemical intermediate or raw material –for other chemicals
    and plastics,
    • Textiles –as a swelling agent from coated fabric
    • Cosmetics –makeup, nail care products, shaving products.
    • Butanol can be used in car
    Biogas
    • A mixture of CH4 , CO2 and other gases
    Gas %
    Methane 50–75
    Carbon dioxide 25–50

    Nitrogen 0–10
    Hydrogen 0–1
    Hydrogen sulfide 0–3

    Oxygen 0–2
    Biogas
    • Biogas is a fuel used as domestic purpose
    • Obtained from cow manure, fruit and
    vegetable waste

    • Biogas is produced by the breakdown of organic waste


    by bacteria without oxygen anaerobic digestion
    Biogas

    Two Types of Anaerobic Digestion


    • Mesophilic process 25-38°C for 14-30 days
    • Thermophilic process 50-60°C for 12-14 days
    • Produced from Anaerobic digestion in Anaerobic
    Digesters (AD)
    Advantages Biogas

    • Reduce air and water pollution


    • more environmentally friendly fertilizers
    • Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
    • concerns about waste management in the
    agriculture and food industry
    • Energy security
    Application of Biogas
    • Cooking

    • Lighting

    • Fuel for engine


    Advantages of Biofuels

    • Renewable
    • Reduce Greenhouse Gases
    • Economic Security
    • Easy to Source
    • Lower level of Pollution
    Disadvantages of Biofuel

    • High Cost of Production


    • Industrial Pollution
    • Future Rise in Price
    • Shortage of Food
    • Use of Fertilizer
    Biodiesel Trends in Pakistan
    • -The technology of trans-esterification has already
    been developed and tested locally at Sir Syed
    University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi.
    • - The capacity of locally developed unit for the
    production of Biodiesel is 100 liters per batch in two
    hours.
    • - On full scale it can produce up to 400 liters of
    Biodiesel per day using which a 200 KW generator
    can run for 8 hours on B100 (100% Biodiesel).
    • Reduce wastes
    • Cleaner air
    • New agricultural markets
    • Improve balance of payments
    • global warming reduction
    • Benefit developing nations

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