National Institute of Technology

Warangal-560004

A
Mini-Project Report
On

“VEHICLE MONITERING SYSTEM

USING
LABVIEW”
Submitted In partial fulfillment of the completion
of

Advanced Instrumentation Laboratory

by
B.Swetha
(154506)

Under the guidance of

Sri K.V. Sridhar
Associate Professor

Dept. of Electronics and Communications Engineering

NIT Warangal
 1

National Institute of Technology

Warangal-560004

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify B.swetha with Roll No-154506, II semester

Master of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering
has developed and has successfully implemented a mini-project titled
“VEHICLE MONITERING SYSTEM using LabVIEW” in partial fulfilment
of the “Advanced Instrumentation Laboratory”, Dept. of Electronics
and Communication Engineering, NIT Warangal.

Guide
Sri K.V. Sridhar

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives me great pleasure to present mini project report on

“VEHICLE MONITERING SYSTEM Using LabVIEW” as a part of Advanced
Instrumentation laboratory. This is a result of committed efforts and research
for quite some time. First and foremost, I am truly thankful to my guide Sri
K.V. Sridhar sir for his constant encouragement, able guidance, and bringing
the best out of me. It was he who initiated me to undertake this mini-project
and constantly persuaded me to complete the task.

I am also thankful to my friends who helped me in completing

this mini-project with their ideas and guidance.

B.Swetha
154506
CONTENTS:
1. INTRODUCTION

2. BLOCK DIAGRAM

3. COMPONENTS DESCIPTION AND SPECIFICATIONS

4. IMPLEMENTATION

5. VI BLOCK DIAGRAM

6. FRONT PANEL

7. OBSERVATIONS

8. CONCLUSION

9. REFERENCES
ABSTRACT:

Three main aspects of vehicle monitoring system are temperature(which

decides the efficiency of the system),fuel level left, pollution levels released by
the vehicle.

This mini project aims at this sort of automation and monitoring. vehicle
speed is controlled depending on the temperature of the engine. Pollution levels
released by the vehicle are indicated by using led’s. Amount of diesel left in the
tank is also indicated.

Ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the diesel level. Temperature sensor LM

35 is used to measure the temperature. Pollution levels are measured by using
MQ6 gas sensor. Engine speed is varied by varying the pulse widths which are
driving the motor. Data acquisition is done using NI ELVIS DAQ
system and controlling action is provided with Lab-VIEW.
INTRODUCTION:
The temperature of the automobile engine is the deciding factor in the calculation of the
efficiency of the engine, in other words the mileage. If temperature is not within the
temperature operating temperature then it might give very poor mileage and the life time of
the engine will also be shortened. Hence the temperature should be maintained within optimal
level to get the maximum efficiency and for the long life. Although coolants are used to cool
the temperature but the only way to bring the engine temperature low is to reduce its speed.
Instead of reducing the speed at the threshold level, this project aims to reduce the speed
gradually with increase in the temperature.

Another important attribute of the automobile engine is diesel levels indication.

ultrasonic sensor indicateds three levels of the diesel either full ,half and empty. pollution
levels are indicated by MQ6 gas sensor. Amount of gas released by led’s. gas levels are below
the threshold level are indicated by red led and gas level above the threshold level is indicated
by yellow led.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Component description and Specifications:
NI ELVIS Data Acquisition System:

The National Instruments Educational Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Suite(NI ELVIS)

is a hands on design and prototyping platform that integrates the 12 most commonly used
instruments- including oscilloscope, digital multi meter, function generator, bode analyser,
and more- into a compact form ideal for the lab and classroom. It connects to your PC and
provides quick and easy acquisition and display of measurements. Based on NI LabVIEW
graphical system design software, NI ELVIS offers the f lexibility of virtual instrumentation
and the ability of customizing your application.

Supported functions on ELVIS DAQ system are, AI, AO, DIO, and timing I/O. In addition to
the SFP instruments, NI ELVIS Traditional has a set of high-level LabVIEW functions, which
you can use to customize your display and experiments, to control the NI ELVIS workstation
from LabVIEW. Fig 1 shows the ELVIS DAQ system. It has the
following,
1. Breadboard
2. Analog Input (AI) and Programmable Functions Interface (PFI) s ignal rows
3. Digital Multimeter(DMM)/ Impedance Analyser
Analog Output (AO)
User Configurable Input/output
Function Generator
Power Supplies
4. User-Configurable Screw Terminals, BNC connectors and Banana jack
connectors
5. DC power supply indicators
6. Digital input/output signal rows
7. User-Configurable LEDs
8. Counter/Timer User-Configurable Input/output DC Power Supply
9. User-Configurable DSUB connector

ELVIS is connected to the PC using GPIB cable- PCI-MIO-16E-1.

NI LabVIEW software
LabVIEW, acronym for Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench, is a
system design platform and development environment for a visual programming language
form NI. LabVIEW is a dataflow-based language, which means that elements will be
executed in a somewhat arbitrary order. A virtual Instrument (VI) is a LabVIEW
programming element.
A VI consists of a front panel, block diagram, and an icon that represents the program. The
front panel isused to display controls and indicators for the user, while the block diagram
contains the code for the VI. The icon, which is a visual representation of the VI, has
connectors for the program inputs and outputs. The front panel of a VI handles the functions
inputs and outputs, and the code diagram performs the work of the VI. User interface
elements such as graphs are drag-and-drop easy in LabVIEW. LabVIEW relies on graphical
symbols rather than textual language to describe programming actions. The principle of
dataflow, in which functions execute only after receiving the necessary data, governs
execution in a straightforward manner. LabVIEW programs are called Vis because their
appearance and operations imitate actual instruments. However, they are analogous to main
programs, functions and subroutines from popular language like C.

It is developed for modular programming. Small amount of code can be used in large
codes. It is better than MATLAB for controlling and interfaces between hardware. NI has
many pieces of hardware that are easily compatible with LabVIEW, but also can be
connected to any hardware. Simpler system integration for all types of hardware and their
corresponding software. Easy to create the user-interface at the same time.

Ultrasonic Ranging Module HC-SR04

Ultrasonic ranging module HC - SR04 provides 2cm - 400cm non-contact measurement

function, the ranging accuracy can reach to 3mm. The modules include ultrasonic
transmitters, receiver and control circuit.
Wire connections have to be as following:
+5V Vcc Supply
Trigger Pulse Input
Echo Pulse Output
0V Ground

The basic principle of working:

1. Using IO trigger for at least 10us high level signal
2. The Module automatically sends eight 40 kHz pulses and detect whether there is a
Pulse signal back.
3. IF the signal back, through high level, time of high output IO duration is the
time from sending ultrasonic to returning.
Electrical Specifications of HC-SR04:

L293D Motor Driver:

The L293D motor driver is available for providing User with ease and user friendly
interfacing for embedded application. L293D motor driver is mounted on a good quality,
single sided non-PTH PCB. The pins of L293D motor driver IC are connected to connectors
for easy access to the driver IC’s pin functions. The L293D is a Dual Full Bridge driver that
can drive up to 1Amp per bridge with supply voltage up to 24V. It can drive two DC motors,
relays, solenoids, etc. The device is TTL compatible. Two H bridges of L293D can be
connected in parallel to increase its current capacity to 2 Amp.
Features:
Easily compatible with any of the system
1. Easy interfacing through FRC (Flat Ribbon Cable)
2. External Power supply pin for Motors supported
3. On-board PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) selection switch
4. 2pin Terminal Block (Phoenix Connectors) for easy Motors connection
5. On-board H-Bridge base Motor Driver IC (L293D)

Technical Specification:
3. Power Supply : Over FRC connector 5V DC
4. External Power : 9V to 24V DC
5. Dimensional Size : 44mm x 37mm x 14mm (l x b x h)
4. Temperature Range : 0°C to +70 °C

The driver IC L293D is quad push-pull drivers capable of delivering output currents to 1A
per channel respectively. Each channel is controlled by a TTLcompatible logic input and each
pair of drivers (a full bridge) is equipped with an inhibit input available at pin 1 and pin 9.
The motor will run only when chip inhibit is at high logic i.e. chip inhibit is enabled.

MQ6 GAS SENSOR MODULE:

LPG Gas Sensor Module is designed to detect the presence of a dangerous LPG leak in
your Home, car or in a service station, storage tank environment by interfacing with
Microcontroller without ADC Channels and programming. In this version of LPG Gas sensor
module two pots are included, one for trigger level setting and the other for setting sensitivity
of the sensor. It allows to determine when a preset LPG gas level has been reached or
exceeded. The module uses MQ-6 sensor to sense LPG leak. The MQ-6 can detect gas
concentrations anywhere from 200 to 10000 ppm.

Interfacing with the sensor module is done through a 4-pin breadboard compatible SIP
header and requires One I/O pin from the host microcontroller. The onboard microcontroller
provide initial heating interval after power-up and then starts to measure LPG sensor output.If
it found the LPG concentration above preset value , it will inform the Host controller by
pulling the Output Pin to High and Starts to blink a onboard status LED. The sensor module
is mainly intended to provide a means of comparing LPG sources and being able to set an
alarm limit when the source becomes excessive.

Features:

Uses the MQ-6 LPG Gas Sensor

 Easy SIP interface
 Compatible with most microcontrollers
 Analog Sensor voltage is available at ANG pin.
 Onboard Status and Power LED
 Onboard Pot for threshold setting
 Onboard Pot for Sensitivity setting
 On board microcontroller
Pin details of LPG Gas Sensor Module -V2 is as given below.

 There are two potentiometers used in Gas Sensor Module . they are as follows:
←
POT P1: The on-board POT P1 is used to set tolerance voltage for detecting the
LPG presence. When LPG is detected, the OUT pin will be high. This will occurs
when the output voltage is greater than the tolerance level set, using the POT P1.
←
POT P2: The on-board POT P2 is used to set the sensitivity of the Gas sensor. We
recommend you to calibrate the detector for 1000ppm of LPG concentration in air
and use value of POT P2 about 20KΩ.
 There are two leds in Gas Sensor Module . They are:
←
D1: PWR Led. This Green Led indicates the Power input.
←
D2: STS Led.The red status Led (STS) indicates the various status of LPG Sensor
module eg. Power on, initialization & LPG detection. When the sensor is powered
up, the STS led will blink twice to indicate the module is functional. There after
STS Led will blinks every second till the module is getting ready ( Heating Zone) .
After the sensor is initialized, the module will enter in to the ARM mode and ready
to detect the gas concentration , during this period the STS led will blink in step of 3
seconds. When LPG is detected, the STS led will blink fast till the level goes below
the set threshold.
LM35 TEMPERATURE SENSOR:

Micro core 16mm DC motor

Micro core DC motor is used as a prototype model for simulating engine. It is driven by
L293D motor driver. The speed of the motor is controlled by controlling the pulse width of
the pulses which are driving the control inputs of the motor driver.
Specifications:
Body diameter: 15.5mm
Body length: 20mm
Rated operating voltage: 5V
Typical Max. Output power: 910mW
Rated torque: 0.5mNm
Shaft orientation: Inline
Rated speed: 9000rpm
IMPLEMENTATION:
LM35 temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of the engine. Ultrasonic
sensor is used to measure the fuel level in the tank.Gas levels are indicated by MQ6 gas
sensor.
Temperature measured controls the speed of the vehicle. Threshold level of temperature is
set to 50 if the temperature is greater than 50 then vehicle runs with reduced speed i.e ( duty
cycle 10).If the temperature is less than 50 then engine runs with the dutycylcle of 100.Deisel
levels are indicated by ultrasonic sensor. If the diesel level is greater than 14 tank full led
glows in front panel.if the diesel levels are between 8 to 5 then tank half led glows in front
panel. If the diesel level is less than 2 then tank empty tank led glows in front panel.

MQ6 gas sensor measures the gas depending on the concentration of the gas deposited on
gas sensor voltage is given as output. If the voltage is less than 1 green led glows and voltage
output of gas sensor is greater than 1 then red led glows.
VI BLOCK DIAGRAM:
VI FRONT PANNEL:
Observation:
The engine is observed to rotate at the desired speed depending on the the
temperature.
Apart from the automated speed control, project also provides facility to
indicate the liquid levels as well as pollution levels of the vehicle.

Conclusion:
Engine speed is controlled successfully based on the temperature. Also, some
sort of control is given to the user by indicating pollution levels as well as fuel
level. The soft front panel displays all the necessary data in convenient form to
the user. !
References:

1. Ultrasonic Sensors for Measurements of Liquid Level, Volume and

Volumetric Flow in a Tank: Nicola Ivan Giannoccaro, Luigi Spedicato, PIM
Volume 1, Issue 1 April 2012 PP.
2.NI PCI-MIO-16E-1 DAQ System User’s Manual
 NI LabVIEW Getting Started
 http://www.micropik.com/PDF/HCSR04.pdf

5.http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/l293d.pdf
https://www.clemson.edu/ces/departments/ece/document_resource/undergr
ad/lab_manuman/NI_ELIVS_II_Orientation_Manual.pdf
6. http://www.ni.com/white-paper/3711/en/