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Notes Fourier Series PDF

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281 views73 pages

Notes Fourier Series PDF

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mzahidb
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Math(ity.or Merging man and maths -OR, is said to be periodic if there exists some real number P>0 such that £(x+p)=f(x) (1) xe D,. The least value of ¥ >0 satisfying Eq (1) is called the period (some-times called primitive period or fundamental period) off . As Sinx=Sin(x+2n)=Sin(n-4n)=Sin(x--6x) => So 2n, 4m, 67,----, are periods of the function sin x However, since 2n is the least of the periods 2n4n,65,-~~. So sin x is a periodic function with primitive period 2x. ‘ nine ‘AsCos x=Cos(x +2n)=Cos(x+4n)=Cos(n+6n): So the primitive period of Cos xis 2m. 7 i ‘The (Primitive) period of tan x and cotxis . If a fiinction of is periodic’ with period’ p then ‘Vx+np)=f(x) vne 2" ={1,2;3,----} Thus 2P,3P,4P,-~-- are also its periods, The period of, sin mx and:cos nx is 2, where @ }. neZ' ={1,2, Notes of Fourier Series by Qayyum Ullah Khan Ex Lecturer, Islamia College Univeristy, Peshawar If f,(x)andf,(x)have the some. peried e then the ae H)=CG(X)+C5(x) CER “also: Have the Rs pe If f,(x)andf,(x) have periods p and g respectively then the period of the function f(x)=Gyf, (x) +C,f,(x) isthe LCM ofpandq. i. A constant function is periodic and has any +ve : selon period. H Let a function f be defined in an interval a ZI whére p is'a +ve real number then the, pérfodic extension ‘P(oF period’ P)-of ‘Pis E(x) teamirn[Z. z] . Thus, sketch the aoa extension’ (x) of f(x), simply. sketch f(s) for Paxsk and then go on > repeating the same pattern of the graph with period P. let f:{-x, n]=» R be defined by f(x Its graph is shown in fig-1 Clearly the function f is not petiodic. Its veriodic extension of period 2x Is shown in Fig-2, Notes Provided by: Muhammad Ashfaq 1,1] R is defined by 0 forx0 Its graph is shown in Fig-3 fe) Clearly f is not periodic, Its periodic extension of period 2s shown in fig-4. 22 vfa}=|2 2 }>r=2 malls io - i. (Piecewise continuous function): A function. f is said to’ be plecewise continuous of a finite, interval aSxsbif fis defined on [a,b] The internal” [a,b] can be. divided tito- a’ finite number. of subintervals in each of which’ f is continuous, 4. The‘one sided limits of fas x approaches the end points of each subinterval are finite but may. or may not be equal see Fig-5.. - OR A function fis sald to be piecewise continuous on aSxSb ifthere are at most a finite number of points 98 5 Chapter No at which f has finite discontinuities and is continuous on each open interval x,., (1) Where f(x) is integrable term-by-term in. ‘the interval C J Cosmin = {inne zn) ~ Sin ne},n=1,23,-~ = [Pesan =m ne=Sin ne} (Sin(n¢2n)=Sin ne for 1.23, JeowinrSore [Cos ne~Cos ne] =0. :cosn(c+2n)= cosne) =f fsinncax=d Putting the values in Eq(2), we have. f flxya = or fa »(A,) To find a,, we miltiply both sides of Bq (1) by cos mx where m is fixed +ve integer and then integrate the resulting series” term-by-term from x=Ctox=C+2n,and get {eeyeoenndt=% “feats ie osname “Tid oxo ax > Pecan dee f [ooemens Da f (Cos nx Cos mx). jarS F sn mx cos mx de-> ae : a Now “F cos ma d [az >| ) cos mx dx =| “T cos x. Cosmx dead ffcostn+m)x+cos(a—m)x} 7 é =f conan cos ma J (Cos: 2nx+Coso)dx for m=n 2 Fem cuimite! sone! iy nen é é @ [ sinnxdx =--sn nx)dx : é « Available at ‘www.imatnicity.org

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