Tubular Drag Conveyors

‘CABLEflow’™ cable or ‘DYNAflow’™ chain driven for

dry bulk solids and ingredients across all industries

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Tubular Drag Conveyors
What are they?
Tubular Drag Conveyors (TDCs) are mechanically driven conveyors that ‘drag’ material along
the inside of a tube. They are designed to transfer finely and not so finely divided, flowable bulk
materials from in-feed points to discharge points through a totally enclosed conduit. TDCs are
positive displacement devices using close-running discs connected by a cable or metal links.
They have been used successfully throughout a range of industries for over fifty years.

How do they work?

A cable or chain with discs spaced along its length and its ends connected to each other to
form an endless loop is pulled by a motor driven sprocket within an enclosed tube. Changes in
direction are facilitated by bends in the tubing or by corner housings for tighter radii. Discharge of the product is through ‘outlet
boxes’. Cable or chain and casing are routed back to the in-feed point in an endless loop.

Installation
By nature, the tubular conveyor absorbs all the reactions to its own conveying forces internally.
The forces are transferred by compression of the flanged casing sections in the Dynaflow Chain
Drag Conveyor and by compression couplings in the Cableflow Cable Drag Conveyor. As a result,
the only external supports required are those necessary to support the weight of the conveyor and
load of product being conveyed. If desired, Spiroflow engineers can recommend support locations.
Installation supervision is also available on a fee basis.

Typical Circuits

Materials of Construction
Generally, the construction materials of a tubular conveyor are determined by the product to
be handled. Materials that are corrosive or contaminable would normally dictate stainless steel
construction on metallic material contact surfaces. In applications where there is no concern over
corrosion or contamination, carbon steel construction is a far more economical alternative. The most
common materials of construction, in order of increasing costs, are carbon steel, #304 stainless steel
and #316 stainless steel. External components not in contact with the product would be carbon
steel unless specifically requested as some other materials. Construction from other materials quoted
upon request.

What are their benefits?

• Totally enclosed, dust-free, contamination-free handling • Minimum noise level
• Only mechanical conveyor that can operate in 3 planes, • May discharge at multiple points in circuit (no air locks)
this permits complex circuits eliminating transfer points • No need for filters or cyclone to separate air and material
and using only a single drive as discharge gravity takes care of this for FREE
• Minimum horsepower and energy consumption • Gentle conveying action - minimized product degradation
• Can be Meter or Flood Fed • Will not separate blends
• Handles hot, cold, wet, dry, hygroscopic or temperature • Round construction minimizes residual accumulation and
sensitive materials build up.
• May be fed at multiple points in a circuit • May operate under pressure differential or inert purge

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Chains, Cables and Flights
for every application
At the heart of every tubular conveyor is the conveyor cable of factors: The total developed length of the conveyor
and disc or chain and disc assembly which is the single most circuit, number of casing bends, material loading, the total
critical component in the system. Spiroflow offers a wide mechanical load (chain pull), the number of planes through
range of construction materials and assemblies to meet the which the cable or chain must pass and the characteristics
demands of the various products to be conveyed. of the product being conveyed. Spiroflow offers two types of
cables and several chain options to insure proper operation
Selection of the cable and disc or chain and disc assembly to across a wide range of applications.
be used on any particular application is based on a number

Galvanized Carbon Steel

or Aircraft Grade Stainless
Cable and Discs: Our cable and disc assemblies are a development of those used in our tried and tested UHMWPE Steel Cable
Flights
range of Aero-Mechanical conveyors. The cables are sized to be strong enough for the load imposed upon
the discs. The discs are moulded onto metal ferules that are rigidly crimped along the length of the cable.
Cables can be of carbon or stainless steel according to the application.

Sealed Pin Chain: Elastomer washers are compressed around the pins and between the links to seal
abrasive and corrosive materials from the pin bearing surfaces, thereby extending chain life. Seals are most
commonly made of neoprene, EPDM or polyurethane. Other seal materials are available upon request.

Forged Steel Chain: This chain style utilizes commercially available #348, #458 and #678 drop forged
rivetless chain with open pin construction. Chain of this design is extremely durable and less costly than the
sealed pin variety.

Chains for Square Tubes: From time to time, the demands of a particular application will call for a tubular
conveyor with a square or rectangular cross-section. Spiroflow offers a range of chain assemblies that
effectively meet these requirements.

Works in Multiple Planes: Chains are designed to rotate out of plane up to 90º over a given
distance. This means that “universal joints,” with their inherent drawbacks and added expense,
are not required. Our chains are constructed in such a way that elements or sections can be
replaced when necessary. And, of course, our cable and disc assemblies will readily flex any
which way! Their construction also enables sections to be replaced as required.

Flight Selection
Conveyor flight selection is another critical point. The proper flight chemical resistance and product contamination are not a factor. In
material must be chosen to withstand possible chemical attack, these instances cast iron may be a prudent choice of materials. In
abrasion, temperature, etc. Spiroflow offers an effective range of some applications, mild steel may be substituted to provide lthe same
standard flights, meeting the needs of virtually all applications, as type of service. Cast iron and mild steel flights have a service range up
follows: to 250ºC (480ºF).

Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE): Generally Other Materials: While nylon and polyurethane flights do not offer alI
the most popular and best all around flight material, due to its the beneficial properties of UHMWPE there is a range of applications
extremely high abrasion resistance, very low coefficient of friction, high where these materials are best suited.
impact strength and resulting long service. The material is available in
an FDA approved grade; it is chemically inert and water absorption is Specials: Conveyor flights can be molded, machined, fabricated
essentially nil. Service temperature is up to 80ºC (176ºF). or flame cut from a wide range of materials as required by a specific
application. A Spiroflow engineer would be happy to discuss your
Cast Iron: The second most popular flight material due to its low cost needs and help select the flight material best suited.
and reasonable service life. In many applications, corrosion, abrasion,

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‘Cableflow’ Tubular Cable
Drag Conveyors
‘Cableflow’ Tubular Cable Drag Conveyors are in
fact a development of our tried and tested Aero-
Mechanical Conveyors operating with reduced
clearances and at reduced running speeds.
‘Cableflow’ conveyors are designed for gentle
material handling and for installations requiring
conveying in multiple planes. They provide complete
material batch transfer of bulk products from single
or multiple in-feed points to single or multiple
discharge points with little or no damage.

Because they are derived from our Aero-Mechanical

Conveyors, they enjoy the option to have our
patented DART (Dynamic Automatic Rope Tensioner)
rope tensioning system for maximum rope life and
minimum maintenance. This is a key advantage over
competitor’s cable driven conveyors.

Cable discs are manufactured from Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene and are suitable for duties up
to 80ºC (176ºF).

What can they convey?

• Acordis Cellulosic Fiber • Oats
• Almonds • Paper Sludge
• Aluminum Oxide • Paraffin
• Atrazine • Peanut Splits
• Barium Metaborate Monohydrate • Powder/Shavings/Slivers
• Burned Oats • Polyester Fiber
• Carbon Black • PVC Pelletized Mix
• Coffee Beans / Ground & Whole • Rubber
• Corn Starch • Silica Sand
• Cotton Seed Coated with Starch • Rice
• Cuprous Chloride • Rubber (includes Fluff)
• Detergent, powder • Tungsten Powder
• Diatomaceous Earth • Tea
• Dried Feed Grade Egg Product • Urea
• Flour • Vegetable Scraps
• Ground Paper Product • Virgin PVC
• Lime • Walnuts
• Lime Kiln Dust • Waste Cotton
• Limestone Pellets • Waxed Prills
• Lysine Chunks • Wheat Mids
• Monosodium Glutamate • Wood Chips
• Mustard Seed • Zinc Oxide
• Natural Organic Fertilizer • Zinc Stearate
*Please call for product specific information and to arrange product testing

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 ‘Dynaflow’ Tubular Chain
Drag Conveyors
The ‘Dynaflow’ Tubular Chain Drag Conveyor is also a mechanical tubular drag conveyor operating within the confines
of a pipe. In this conveyor, the discs that move material along the pipe are connected by articulated metal links
(chains) meaning that they are well suited to the most arduous of applications. The discs can be made from a variety
of materials including steel and cast iron. This enables them to operate at temperatures up to 250ºC (482ºF).

What can they convey?

• Activated Carbon • Graphite • Phthalic Anhydride
• Adipic Acid • Green Salts • Phosphate Sludge
• Alum • Grinding Sludge • Phosphorus Pentasulfide
• Ammonium Nitrate • Ground Coffee • Phosphate Ore
• Antimony Oxide • Ground Graham • Plastisol Sludge
• Artificial Sweetener • Herbicide • Powdered Metal
• Aspirin Powder • Hydrated Lime • Powdered Sugar
• Asbestos • Insecticide Powder • Powdered Grass Killer
• Baghouse Dust • Instant Coffee • PVC Powder
• Baking Powder • Irganox • Raven Black
• Black Oxide • Iron Oxide • Red Lead
• Benzoic Acid • Iron Sulfate • Resin
• Bentonite Clay • Isophthalic Acid • Rice
• Bisphenol • Kaolin Clay • Rice Hulls
• Bone Meal • Lead Oxide • Sawdust
• Calcium Carbonate • Lime • Sewage Grit
• Calcium Hypochlorite • Magnesium Fluoride • Sewage Sludge
• Carbon Black • Magnesium Chips • Shelled Peanuts
• Carbon Chips • Magnetic Oxide • Soda Ash
• Caustic Soda • Manganese Oxide • Sodium bicarbonate
• Cellulose • Malt • Sodium Tripolyphospha
• Cement Powder • Mercuric Oxide • Sodium Phosphate
• Ceramic Clay • Metal Chips • Sodium Hydroxide
• Cereal Fines • Metallurical Coke • Sodium Disulphate
• Chlorendic Anhydride • Mica • Spent Grain
• Coal Fines • Mill Scale • Spent Hops
• Coffee Beans • Molybdenum • Spices
• Coffee Chaff • Monosodium p hosphate • Starch
• Copper Powder • Mustard • Stearic Acid
• Copper Chromate • Mylar Flake • Sulfur
• Copper Sulfate • Paint Flake • Talc
• Corn Meal • Paint Sludge • Tea
• Crushed Pineapple • Paper Pulp • Teraphthalic Acide
• Diatomaceous Earth • Paraformaldehyde Flake • Titanium Dioxide
• Digested Wood Knots • Paunch Manure • Titanox
• Epsom Salts • Penicillin Powder • Tile clay
• Ferrous Sulfate • Pentaerythritol • Uranium Oxide
• Fertilizer Powder • Pesticide • Uranium Salts
• Filter Cake Flock • Petroleum Coke • Uranium Tetrafluoride
• Fumaric Acid •Phenolic Resin • Urea
•Grain •Phthalic Acid • Vinsol Resin

*Please call for product specific information and to arrange product testing

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Conveyor Selection
Conveyor Size and Cable/Chain Speed velocity at which your product will pass through
The capacity chart below will allow you to estimate the conveyor. The vertical lines indicate the
the size of conveyor and the chain speed needed volumetric throughput rate in cubic feet per minute.
based on the throughput requirements in cubic The diagonal lines are the sizes of the conveyors
feet per minute. The horizontal lines represent the available.

*CABLEflow TDC’s can operate up to 175 ft/min dependent on material characteristics

How to Use the Capacity Chart

1. Based on your material’s bulk density,

calculate the required conveying rate in cubic
feet per minute. Then locate the amount required
in cubic ft / min. on the horizontal scale.

2. Move up the vertical line and note where it

intersects with one or more diagonal lines. Each
intersection point indicates a possible conveyor
size.

3. From each intersection point, move left

horizontally all the way to the vertical scale,
indicating the conveyor cable/chain speed.

There are many factors that enter into the tubular

conveyor selection process. Beyond the mechanical selection described above, consideration must be given to the
physical characteristics of the material to be conveyed and the equipment duty cycle.

Tubular Conveyor Selection Guidelines

1. The average operating speed range of a tubular 5. Surges and uneven feed conditions should be
conveyor is in the 5 to 55 ft/min cable/chain speed range. considered. Surge hoppers may provide for more constant
feeding and may allow use of a smaller conveyor.
2. It is generally advisable to apply a larger conveyor at a
slower cable/chain speed if your material possess sluggish 6. Many forms of sludge do not flow well into or out of
flow characteristics, is sticky abrasive or if the equipment tubular conveyors. In applications involving sludge, it is
operational duty cycle is extensive. generally advisable to oversize the conveyor by a factor of
four or more and to never run the cable/chain at a speed
3. Smaller conveyor sizes and faster cable/chain speeds above 20 ft/min. In all sludge applications, it is important
are usually selected when the material is free flowing and to determine the characteristics of the sludge when it
non-abrasive and/or the equipment duty cycle is low. dries on the conveyor wall and cable or chain linkage. If it
becomes too hard to be easily removed, another type of
4. Future capacity requirements should be considered. It may conveyor may be better suited.
be prudent to install a larger conveyor now, at a lower cable/
chain speed, then increase the cable/chain speed later to Final equipment selection should be made by a Spiroflow
accommodate a higher capacity. This can be done with the engineer, who will consider the above as well as other
use of a variable frequency drive or gearing change. factors and make a recommendation on a conveyor that
will provide reliable service.

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The System Components
Drive Assemblies Idler Sprocket Turns Inlet & Discharge
Conveyor drive assemblies Sprocket turns are Chutes and hoppers are
are available for 90º or 180º placed in a circuit in located where required
locations. They are always place of a bend to along the straight sections
located at a high point in the reduce frictional drag. of the conveyor circuit. The
conveyor circuit, after product They are available actual length and height of
discharge or can be used in any angle from the hopper are determined
as a discharge point. Drive 90º to 180º. They by the flow characteristics
components are selected are most commonly of the conveyed product
as required by the conveyor placed in the circuit. and the dimensions of
circuit and are mounted on Conveying product interfacing equipment. It is
a drive plate which serves through an idler box quite common to provide
as a take-up unit. All drives is not recommended, a large surge hopper at
are complete with overload although idler turns are the inlet for bag-dump
protection and drive guards. often used as a product operations.
Constant or variable speed discharge point in a
units available. All drives are system.
designed for full load start up.

Discharge Gates
Manual or air-operated
discharge gates allow the
operator to choose which
of a multiple of discharge
points is to be used at a
specific time. Commercially
available knife or butterfly
style valves, located below a
standard discharge hopper,
are also available.

Chain Vibrator
Inspection Openings
Where a conveyed product
Inspection and access
resists complete discharge,
openings are located along
a special chain vibrator can
straight casing sections.
be incorporated. The vibrator
mechanism penetrates the
conveyor housing to make
direct contact with the chain.

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Powder Handling Systems
Superior design, outstanding performance

Spiroflow is internationally recognized as

a leading equipment and solution provider
for applications associated with dry bulk
solids - whether in powder, granule, flake,
pellet, lump or whatever form and whether
in bulk quantities or as minor ingredients.
The company was founded nearly 40 years Tubular Drag Bulk Bag Vacuum Bulk Bag Aero-Mechanical Flexible Screw
ago with the Flexible Screw Conveyor as Conveyors Dischargers Conveyors Fillers Conveyors Conveyors
its cornerstone and with which the name *CABLEflow
Spiroflow has become synonymous. / DYNAflow
meet every handling need. Our conveying systems are designed
We aim to offer our customers the best solution, we have never with a minimum of working parts for maximum reliability. They are
believed in the ‘one size fits all’ philosophy. Accordingly, as we simple to operate, easy to clean and maintain, and are dust-free
have expanded our horizons, we have developed our conveying in operation.
ranges to meet the new challenges whether organically, by
strategic acquisitions or through joint ventures. So, today, we offer
the 5 types of conveyors illustrated above.
Why two types of Tubular
Drag Conveyor?
For nearly 40 years, we have designed, engineered and One size does not fit all. Each has been described in detail
continuously developed our line of equipment and systems to on the previous pages together with a list of their attributes.
effectively handle the enormous diversity of products to be found Our engineers will only be too pleased to help you choose the
within today’s process industries. Time and again, in food and optimum for your application.
pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and chemicals, minerals and plastics,
our proven experience has enabled us to provide solutions to

Manufacturing Design
We actively encourage customers to visit our modern We have an experienced team of mechanical and electrical
manufacturing facility at any time. Here, we are able engineers with a vast collective knowledge of solids handling,
to process orders efficiently and to our high quality geared to handle your project quickly and efficiently, whether
standards. you need a single conveyor or a complete powder handling
system.

After Sales Testing

At Spiroflow, we firmly believe that after sales service Our fully equipped test facility, which is at your
forms an integral part of the product. Over 70% of our disposal, assesses performance of our machinery
business comes from existing customers, whom we work on your particular material. On-site trials can also be
with as partners from the moment of placing an order and arranged if preferred.
throughout the equipment’s operational life.

Spiroflow Systems Inc. Spiroflow Limited

2806 Gray Fox Road, Monroe, Lincoln Way, Clitheroe, Lancashire,
NC 28110, USA. BB7 1QG, UK.
Telephone: (1) 704 291 9595 Telephone: +44 (0) 1200 422525
Facsimile: (1) 704 291 9594 Facsimile: +44 (0) 1200 429165
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
Website: www.spiroflowsystems.com Website: www.spiroflow.com

Produced by Stark & Associates 09/2010 USA Edition