The Basics of DNA Microarray Name: Toey Ma Date: 05/26/19 Periods: _2/3 Directions: Go to the following website (http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/microarray/) and work through the animation, answering the questions below. CHAPTER 1: Genomics ~ A New Science a 4 Scientists can tell which specific genes are actually turned on/off in a particular cell by gene exprescon potling using a technique called _mniciats ca Basically, this technique involves: pica a) breaking open 8 cell ©) idenufying of th Hae gee turned on in thes eel b) soloing its generic contents “gee ois oF ah nes How do scientist know when a gene is turned on? Scignrists Know 6 gene is on ing cell if ifs mRNA is present Genomics is the study of many genes or cvecy gene ‘in oo orgonim all or once CHAPTER 2: Measuring Gene Expression 5. __Fromwhere do most scientists obtain their DNA microarray? cienvists purchase thee DNA miccamtey from bitedhnelogy Cunpanies 6 DRAW, LABEL and EXPLAIN the microarray below. Labeled DIAGRAM: EXPLANATION: OA wage The microarray if made up of shousends of Spou that coman Imubiple copies of & ungae DNA sequence whch corresponds 1 single gene, spats for DWA sey] CHAPTER 3: The Experiment 7 10. Why don’t doctors just look at the differences in shape between healthy and cancerous cells to determine how these two types of cells differ? The Shape of healthy cells and concer’ cells under a kght mvcroscaje look very simlig to each Giher, so very hard to ell the UfFecence Why is itimportant to know which specific genes are not working properly In cancer cells? 14 is importer to Krow whch specific genes ere not working properly in cancer cell, becouse brshen genes can have uncormllable cell grows in which cells can not stop dividing rd it con ead to, tome formation. end. concer Wiiatate the SEVEN steps ofthe experiment? #1 Collecy eusues = S.Bpply bya © Zotsolee RNA © B Seen wiewaren © EAsatase oot + DL Anolyze cl 5 ake ta a0 Whats the question for the lab? Whar is the df ference berween @ heality cell and © concer’ cell?11. _Listthe MATERIALS we need to conduct the lab in the table below. Bullge solution Calvo wth lige peescentaif Solvent sclati Gre ol red label Samal 12. What types of cells are being collected for the experiment? melancino, 13. Whats the purpose/function of the solvent? The solver seperstes the DNA, proteins, ond other cell components so tha we eam get the desired RNA in’ the solution, | 34. Whatis found in the: | a) pellet? Protein, DNA, orhey all ») supernatant? _RNA | 15. Briefly explain how the mRNA molecules are isolated from the other types of RNA in the sample. Fits, we will was rhe soko with the beads which contoms attached poly= Ts. The puly-Ts on the bends with bind ro mRNA stennd because mRNA strond has polyA to The other RNA iolecales wall Le washed m the beads by wing © buffer sul Mier wall bes 19° poly Ts, | be aRWA il stey en the beads, Thea, we detach shore do wot for hyb dear, ia 16. Why do we have to make cDNA? Why not just use mRNA? We have to rmke cDNA bece € we ineorporated a fluorescent label in ous cDNA molecule which alow vs fe visualize cDNA lerer om We dont use RIVA becouse DNA is mich more stable than RNA 17. Whatdoes the labeling mix contain? een Cluorescent dye ond ted fluorescent dye 18. Whatis hybridization? Hybedkaenon i when two compemutary DNA strani fram dffeam sources cen pur with ont evber 19.__What does each “COLOR spot” mean in our investigation? I COLOR: MEANING: | Red Cancer) ene thet produced moe mRWA in the career_coll theo im heathy eds i seen _tad_Red thx gees hvbudzed 10 Woh green cod rel cDNA whch yeas thas the gen ans ered ie Fay & cane eh Green Cheslthy fgenes whose enoresion is dechned in concer calls 1 20, Are the RED and GREEN scans the same in our experiment? __1 | 21 You are a researcher interested in studying genes that have an increased level of activity in skin cancer cells. What COLOR spots should you choose to study? ved 22. What COLOR are the spots that are turned down by gene 4263? green 23. What COLOR is gene 6219? ellow 24, What isa MAJOR limitation of the DNA microarray technology? A major limitation of the DNA microarray yechmlaay is thas in cancer cel, when defect prevent the genera being trowlved into poten, coals 25. How do scientists overcome this limitation? (Using what process /technique?) i cients overcome this limitation by wing @ techniye, proten expressions, which can tell them if mRNA is being treated imo proven 26. What are 3 additional limitations of DNA microarray? Thee additional limvvatons of DNA nieroteray are thet it can not tell yor which genes) are bad to gene G29 will chow up as yellow Which can not be detected ving meray couse 9 daease, can not cure 6 disease, and Can not Wentify every gene thar is behaving inappreprintely, 27. Bottom line..why do scientists use this technique? Scientuts use DNA niciverray antlyss to identify genes shar are expressed differenly in two different cell types by compoting every single gene in a single experiment