A systematic way to maintain the books of accounts is called_________?

A. Accountancy
B. Economics
C. Book Keeping
D. Auditing

An Art of reading, classifying & Summarizing of accounts in a systematic way is

called__________?

A. Accounting
B. Accountancy
C. Auditing
D. Book Keeping

The maintenance of accounts in a systematic way is called__________?

A. Accounting
B. Reading
C. Book Keeping
D. Auditing

Goods Return by the customer are termed as :

A. Purchase return
B. Customer return
C. Sales return
D. Inventory return

Modern system of book keeping is called______________?

A. Double entry system

B. American system
C. Single entry system
D. Italic system

The person to whom goods are sold on credit is called___________?

A. Buyer
B. Seller
C. Debtor
D. Creditor

Double entry means______________?

A. Entry in two sets of books
B. Entry at two ends
C. Entry at two dates
D. Entry for two aspects of the transaction

Discount received is a/an:

A. Asset
B. Expense
C. Liability
D. Revenue

Obligation of the Business are known as___________?

A. Liabilities
B. Revenues
C. Expenses
D. Assets

The amount invested by the proprietor to start the business is called:

A. Capital
B. Business
C. Drawings
D. All of them

Cash discount is provided on _______________?

A. Purchases
B. Prompt payment
C. Sales
D. Sales return

Goods return to customer are known as:

A. Merchandise return
B. Purchase return
C. Return inwards
D. Sales return

The excess of current assets over current liabilities is called:

A. Working Capital
B. Circulating capital
C. Fixed capital
D. Trading capital
When goods, in which business deals are sold, it is called___________?

A. Purchases
B. Return inward
C. Sales
D. Return outwards

Sales return is also known as____________?

A. Return received
B. Return Payed
C. Return inward
D. Return outward
(more…)

reduction in price is called:

A. Paid price
B. Invoice price
C. Book price
D. Discount

Cash brought by the owner to start business is called__________?

A. Capital
B. Loan
C. Drawing
D. None of these

The concession received on the price of defective goods is called:

A. Discount
B. Cash discount
C. Allowance
D. Trading discount

In support of business transaction, any written evidence is called ___________?

A. Discount
B. Voucher
C. Allowance
D. Price

Building and furniture are called ____________?

A. Current asset
B. Fictitious asset
C. Tangible asset
D. Fixed assets

or the business, capital is ____________?

A. Expense
B. Liability
C. Assets
D. All of them

When owner withdraw cash for its private use, it is called ___________?

A. Profit
B. Income
C. Expense
D. Drawing

Assets having physical existence are called ___________?

A. Current asset
B. intangible asset
C. Tangible asset
D. Liquid asset

The assets which have some market value are called ____________?

A. Fixed asset
B. Quick asset
C. Fictitious assets
D. Real assets

The assets which come into existence upon the happening of a certain event are
called__________?

A. Contingent assets
B. Fixed assets
C. Fictitious assets
D. Quick assets

Income earned but not received is called ____________?

A. Fictitious assets
B. Quick asset
C. Real asset
D. Outstanding asset

Debts which are payable in the course of a month are called _____________?

A. External liabilities
B. Fixed liabilities
C. Current liabilities
D. Liquid Liabilities

The unsold goods are ______________?

A. Equity
B. Sale return
C. Inventory
D. Purchases

The systems of accounting are _____________?

A. Two
B. Three
C. Five
D. Six
(more…)

A sale of Rs. 50.000 to A was entered as a sale to B. This is an example of____________?

A. Error of omission
B. Error of commission
C. Compensating error
D. Error of principle

Goods sent on approval basis‟ have been recorded as „Credit sales‟. This is an example
of____________?

A. Error of principle
B. Error of commission
C. Error of omission
D. Error of duplication

Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan was established in____________?

A. 1949
B. 1956
C. 1961
D. 1972
Trial balance is prepared to check accuracy of_______________?

A. Ledger accounts balances

B. Balance sheet balances
C. Income statement balances
D. Cash flow statement balances

If a transaction is completely omitted from the books of accounts, will it affect the
agreement of a trial balance?

A. Yes
B. No
C. Transactions can‟t be omitted
D. none of these

________ is the common base for preparing a trial balance?

A. Ledger accounts
B. General Journal
C. Specialized journals
D. Balance sheet

Which of the following is true about a trial balance?

A. It lists down the balances of accounts

B. It lists down the balances of a balance sheet
C. It is a kind of financial statement
D. It is not a part of accounting cycle

Debit balance = Credit balance in a trial balance indicates that:

A. No error in recording transactions

B. No error in posting entries to ledger accounts
C. Account balances are correct
D. Mathematically Capital+Liabilities=Assets

Trial balance is commonly prepared?

A. Frequently during the year

B. At the end of an accounting period
C. At the end of a month
D. At the end of a year

Which of the following will affect the agreement of a trial balance?

A. Complete omission of a transaction
B. Partial omission of a transaction
C. Error of principle
D. Compensating errors

If debit balances = credit balances, trial balance only shows or check the ____________ and
it does not indicate that no errors were made during recording and posting.

A. Arithmetic accuracy
B. Errors of commission
C. Omissions of economic events
D. Understatements of balances

Which of the following account with normal balance is shown at the debit side of a trial
balance?

A. Rent income account

B. Creditors account
C. Unearned income account
D. Cash account

Which of the following account with normal balance is shown at the credit side of a trial
balance?

A. Cash account
B. Bank account
C. Equipment account
D. Accrued expenses account

Which of the following specialized journals records “goods returned by customers”?

A. Purchase journal
B. Sales journal
C. Purchases return journal
D. Sales return journal

Sales on credit is recorded in which of the following journal?

A. Purchase journal
B. Sales journal
C. Purchases return journal
D. Sales return journal

Transactions that a BUSINESS doesn‟t record in any specialised journal are recorded in
which of the following journals or day books?
A. Cash payments journal
B. Cash receipts journal
C. Purchases return journal
D. General journal

Another name of journal is_____________?

A. Specialized journal
B. Day book
C. Cash book
D. Record book

Which of the following specialised journals will record “goods returned by the BUSINESS
“?

A. Purchase journal
B. Sales journal
C. Purchases return journal
D. Sales return journal

Sales and purchase journal don‟t record__________?

A. Credit sales
B. Credit purchases
C. Credit sales and purchases
D. Cash sales and purchases

Cash received from debtor is recorded in which of the following SPECIALIZED journals?

A. Purchase journal
B. Sales journal
C. Cash receipts
D. Cash payments journal

Which of the following is a type of cash receipt journal + cash payment journal?

A. Bank statement
B. Statement of cash flow
C. Cash book
D. Cash documents

Cash purchases is recorded in which of the following specialized journals?

A. Purchase journal
B. Sales journal
C. Purchases return journal
D. Cash payments journal

A brief explanation recorded below every entry in general journal is commonly known
as__________?

A. Narration
B. Explanation
C. Summary
D. Other information

Credit purchase of plant and machinery is recorded in which of the following journals?

A. General journal
B. Cash journal
C. Purchase journal
D. Purchase return journal

Debit note is the basis for recording a transaction in which of the following journals?

A. General journal
B. Cash journal
C. Purchase journal
D. Purchase return journal

SALE of old furniture” will be recorded in which of the following specialised journals?

A. Purchase journal
B. Sales journal
C. General journal
D. Cash receipt journal

Credit note is the basis for recording a transaction in which of the following
SPECIALIZED journals?

A. Purchase journal
B. Sales return journal
C. General journal
D. Cash receipt journal

Specialized journals are more adequate for which TYPE OF BUSINESSES?

A. Small businesses
B. Big businesses
C. Sole proprietorship
D. Partnership
Which of the following is known as an evidence that a transaction took place?

A. Cash receipts journal

B. General journal
C. Source document
D. Cash book

BUSINESS paid rent amounting to $100″ which of the following specialized journals
records this transaction?

A. Cash receipts journal

B. Cash payments journal
C. Sales journal
D. Purchase journal

Credit memo or credit note No. is entered in which of the following journal?

A. General journal
B. Cash journal
C. Purchase journal
D. Sales return day book

In accounting an Economic event is referred to as:

A. Cash
B. Bank statement
C. Transaction
D. Exchange of money

Identify the correct sequence of accounting process

A. Communicating→Recording→Identifying
B. Recording→Communicating→Identifying
C. Identifying→communicating→recording
D. Identifying→recording→communicating

Bookkeeping mainly concerns with which part of accounting process?

A. Analyzing
B. Preparing financial statements
C. Recording financial information
D. Auditing the books of accounts

Financial accounting provides financial information to all of the following external users
except:
A. Government agencies
B. investors
C. Creditors
D. Managers

For which step of accounting process the accountants of business entity prepare financial
statements?

A. Identification of economic event

B. Communication of financial information
C. Recording financial information
D. Making decisions about business

Keeping the log of financial information in books of original entries is called__________?

A. Recording
B. summarizing
C. Grouping
D. Processing

Auditing is what?

A. Reporting the financial information

B. Examination of financial statements
C. Preparation financial statements
D. maintaining the ledger records

Which of the following is the external user of financial statements?

A. Manager of the business

B. CEO of the business
C. Creditor of the business
D. Controller of the business

Which of the following is the internal user of financial statements?

A. Creditor of the business

B. Government agency
C. Shareholder of the business
D. Manager of the business

_________ is the first phase of accounting cycle?

A. Identifying an economic event or transaction

B. Preparing journals
C. Posting entries to ledger accounts
D. Making decisions about business

Financial statements differ from management account because

A. They are mainly prepared for external users of financial information

B. They are more complex and hard to prepare
C. The are the summary of accounting data
D. The are prepared on basis of actual concept

________ is a separate legal entity that Total capital can be divided in many shares.

A. Partnership
B. Sole proprietorship
C. Company
D. Non-profit organization

An asset posses which of the following?

A. Future economic benefits for the business

B. All kind of benefits for the business
C. Expenses for the business
D. Merits and Demerits for the business

Liabilities are which of the following?

A. Resources
B. Obligations
C. Future benefits
D. Expenses

________ is the gross inflow of economic benefits?

A. Assets
B. Liabilities
C. Income
D. Expenses

The gross decrease in economic benefits for the business are what?

A. Expenses
B. Obligations
C. Creditors
D. Income or gain

An asset must be _______ by the business to be shown as an asset in its “balance sheet”
A. Possessed
B. Owned
C. Controlled
D. Used

Liability are arisen from which of the following events?

A. Present event
B. Future event
C. Past event
D. None of them

Which of the following can be considered as the most important phase of accounting cycle
and it is the primarily objective of financial accounting?

A. Identifying transactions
B. Preparing “T Accounts”
C. Preparing financial statements
D. Preparing trial balances

Which is the most important characteristic that all assets of a business have?

A. Long life of assets

B. Value of assets
C. Intangible nature of assets
D. Future economic benefits

What is the basic accounting equation?

A. Capital+Liabilities=Assets
B. Assets+ liabilities =Capital
C. Capital+assets=liabilities
D. Liabilities+Capital

Which of the following is a liability?

A. Cash
B. Equipment
C. Debtors
D. Creditors

What is equity?

A. Cash from the business

B. liability of a business
C. Owner‟s claim on total assets
D. Owner‟s claim on total liabilities

Identify the asset from the following:

A. Cash and cash equivalent

B. Creditors
C. Notes payable
D. Bank loan

_______ the withdrawal of cash and goods by the owner of the busienss for his/her personal
use?

A. Depreciation
B. Drawings
C. Outflow of cash
D. Appreciation

Net loss occurs when______________?

A. Expenses are greater than Income

B. Expenses are less than Income
C. Expenses=Income
D. Liabilities are greater than income

Double entry implies that

A. Recording entries in journal

B. Recording entries in Ledger account
C. Recording two aspects of every transaction
D. Recording every transaction in books

Identify the nominal account

A. Machinery account
B. Building account
C. Creditors account
D. Rent expenses account

Which of the following accounts can be classified as a real account?

A. Rent expenses account

B. Rent income account
C. insurance expenses account
D. Cash account
Transferring entries from journal to ledger account is commonly known as____________?

A. Recording
B. Transferring
C. Posting
D. Entry making

An account records the ___________ in the balance of an item?

A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Increase or decrease
D. Appreciation

If credit side of a bank account is greater than the debit side, it indicates which of the
following?

A. Bank overdraft
B. Cash at bank
C. Bank balance
D. Current Asset

If debit side of a bank account is greater than credit side it indicates which of the
following?

A. Cash at bank
B. Bank understatement
C. Bank overdraft
D. Balance overstatement

_________ will be credited if goods are given as charity?

A. Cash
B. Charity
C. Purchases
D. Sales

Which of the following is known as the base for preparing trial balance?

A. Journal
B. Cash account
C. Ledger account
D. Balance sheet

If debit balance is greater than creadit balance then the account blance will be__________?
A. Credit balance
B. Debit and credit balance
C. Cash balance
D. Debit balance

The normal balance of capital account is_____________?

A. Credit balance
B. Debit balance
C. Cash balance
D. Neither debit nor credit balance

The normal balance of asset account is____________?

A. Credit balance
B. Debit balance
C. Cash balance
D. Neither debit nor credit balance

The normal balance of liability account is____________?

A. Debit balance
B. Credit balance
C. Cash balance
D. Neither debit nor credit balance

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding capital account?

A. Debit increases the capital account balance

B. Credit increases the capital account balance
C. Fresh capital increases the capital account balance
D. Net income increases the capital account balance

Which of the following is the normal balance of a rent expense account?

A. Credit balance
B. Cash balance
C. Overdraft
D. Debit balance

Revenue and expense accounts are referred as______________?

A. Nominal accounts
B. Real account
C. Cash accounts
D. Banks account
The real accounts are accounts of Assets, liabilities and ___________?

A. Expenses
B. Revenues
C. Capital
D. Drawing

Building account is classified as _________ account?

A. Nominal
B. Real
C. Cash
D. Capital

Office equipments account is classified as _________ account?

A. Nominal
B. Real
C. Cash
D. Capital

___________ helps business to classify transactions according to their nature?

A. General journal
B. Real accounts
C. Ledger accounts
D. Cash accounts

Which of the following is a real account?

A. Office equipment
B. Rent expenses
C. Rent income
D. Insurance expense

Which of the following accounts are closed at the end of an accounting period?

A. Nominal accounts
B. Balance sheet accounts
C. Real accounts
D. None of them

Which of the following is the closing balance of a ledger account?

A. Balance c/d
B. Balance b/d
C. Balance e/d
D. Balance f/c

The Basic accounting equation is___________?

A. Asset=Expense +Income
B. Assets=Cash+Capital
C. Assets=Capital+Liabilities
D. Assets=Expenses+Capital

Find out the value of assets if: Liabilities=$5000 and Capital=$1000

A. $4000
B. $6000
C. $7000
D. $3000

Calculate the amount of cash if: Total assets=$10,000 Total liabilities=$10,000 Total
Capital=$5000

A. $6000
B. $10,000
C. $5000
D. $1000

Capital increases if _________ increases?

A. Expenses
B. Drawings
C. Interest on capital
D. Revenue

Capital of a business decreases if there is an increase in___________?

A. Drawings
B. Income
C. Gains
D. Fresh capital

If the total liabilities of a business decrease by $5000 what will be the effect on total asset?

(assuming the amount of capital remain same)

A. Remain constant
B. Decrease by $5000
C. Increase by $5000
D. Increase by $10,000

If the business‟s owner withdraws cash for his/her personal use what will be the effect on
capital?

A. Increase in capital
B. Remain the same
C. Decrease in capital
D. No effect on capital

Net income equal to Revenues minus____________?

A. Gains
B. Depreciation
C. Expenses
D. Capital expenditures

Collection of account receivable will

A. Increase assets and decrease assets

B. Increase assets and decrease liabilities
C. Increase assets and increase capital
D. Increase assets and increase cash

Payment of expenses will ______ the assets

A. Increase
B. Reduce
C. apportion
D. Overstate

Which of the following is the practical implementation of the accounting equation?

A. Cash flow statement

B. Income statement
C. Statement of changes in equity
D. Statement of financial position

Which of the following accounting equation is correct?

A. Cash+Other assets=Capital-Liabilities
B. Capital+ Liabilities=Assets+Income
C. Assets-Liabilities=Capital
D. Assets+Capital=Liabilities
Fresh capital introduction will increase____________?

A. Assets and liabilities

B. Assets and equity
C. Liabilities and equity and bank balance
D. Capital and liabilities

Cash received for services rendered will______________?

A. Increase cash and liability

B. Increase equity and liability
C. Increase fixed assets and cash
D. Increase cash and equity

Which of following best describes the increase in equity expands___________?

A. Business operations
B. cash outflows
C. Inflows of cash
D. Appropriation expenses

If Cash=$1000 inventories=$4000 Debtors=$5000 fixed assets=? Capital+Liabilities=$15000

What is the Amount of total assets?

A. $5000
B. $10,000
C. $15,000
D. $20,000

Depreciation decreases____________?

A. Liabilities
B. Cash
C. Bank
D. Capital

An increase in provision for bad debt will____________?

A. Decrease net income

B. Decrease liabilities
C. Increase net income
D. Increase liabilities

Current assets – Current liabilities=?

A. Capital
B. Absorbed capital
C. Net assets
D. Net working capital

Assets-Liabilities=____________?

A. Cash
B. Equity
C. Net income
D. Net expenses

The process of recording is done?

A. Two times a year

B. once a year
C. Frequently during the accounting period
D. At the end of a accounting period

General journal is a book of _______ entries?

A. First
B. Original
C. Secondary
D. Generic

The process of recording transactions in different journals is called_________?

A. Posting
B. Entry making
C. Adjusting
D. Journalizing

Every business transaction affects at least ________ accounts?

A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Infinite

Discount allowed is a kind of deduction from_____________?

A. Account payable
B. Account receivable
C. Cash account
D. Discount account
The other name of journal is____________?

A. Ledger
B. T account
C. Day book
D. Cash book

A journal entry in which two or more account is debited or credited is referred

as____________?

A. Journal entry
B. Multi entry
C. Additional entry
D. Compound entry

he term 2/10-n/30 implies that ______ % discount will be given if the payment is made
within days or full amount is receivable within 30 days?

A. 2,10
B. 10,2
C. 10,30
D. 3,15

Goods returned by customer should be debited to which of the following accounts?

A. Sales income account

B. Sales account
C. Return inward account
D. Expenses account

Discount allowed is___________?

A. Expense of business
B. Income of business
C. Loss of business
D. Abnormal loss of business

_________ is the evidence that a transaction took place?

A. Source documents
B. Ledger
C. Bonds
D. Journals

Which of the following will be debited if a business purchases goods on credit?

A. Cash
B. Debtor
C. Creditor
D. Purchases

Which of the following accounts will be debited if the business‟s owner withdraws cash
from business for his personal use?

A. Drawings
B. Cash
C. Business
D. Stock

Journals are also referred as_____________?

A. Book of entries
B. Book of original entries
C. T account
D. Books of economic event

The standard format of journal does not include which of the following?

A. Assets column
B. Date column
C. Description column
D. Amount column

In which of the following orders data is entered in journal?

A. Alphabetical order
B. Numeric order
C. Bullets order
D. Chronological order

Which of the following accounts will be credited if a company purchases building for cash?

A. Capital account
B. Fixed assets account
C. Building account
D. Cash account

Discount for quick repayment of debt is normally referred as____________?

A. Trade discount
B. Prompt payment discount
C. Cash discount
D. Bulk discount

The first step in accounting process is___________?

A. Recording the transaction

B. Identifying the transaction
C. Posting the transaction
D. Preparing the source documents

A chart of accounts generally start with which of the following types of accounts?

A. Assets accounts
B. liability accounts
C. Cash accounts
D. Revenue accounts

Total depreciation of an asset cannot exceed its:

A. Scrap value
B. Residual value
C. Market value
D. Depreciable value

Amount paid to Masood posted to the credit side of his account would affect___________?

A. Masood‟s account
B. Cash account
C. Cash account and Gagan‟s account
D. None of these

Which of the following statements is/are true ?

A. A sale of an asset is recorded in the Sales Book

B. Total of Return Outward Book is debited to Return Outward Account
C. The balance of Petty Cash Book is a liability
D. Cash Book is a subsidiary book as well as a ledger

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Which of the following is true regarding closing entries?

A. They must be followed by reversing entries

B. They transfer the balances in all of the Nominal Accounts to the Trading and Profit and Loss
Account
C. They must be made after the reversing entries but before the adjusting entries
D. They must be made after the adjusting entries but before the reversing entries

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Closing stock is generally valued at______________?

A. Cost Price
B. Market Price
C. Cost price or Market price whichever is higher
D. Cost price or Market price whichever is lower

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Which of the following assets is/are to be valued at the lower of cost and net realizable
value?

A. Goodwill
B. Inventories
C. Investments
D. Both B. and C. above.

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A few errors committed in Ahhiwalia‟s books of account are given below. State which
errors would affect the Trial Balance.

(a). Sales of `950 to Ram completely omitted from books of account

(b). Purchases of `720 from Shyam entered in the purchases journal as `700
(c). Purchases Journal is overcast by `1,000
(d). Sales returns journal is undercast by `200
(e) Amount paid to Agarwal wrongly posted to the debit to Mittal‟s account
(f) Bank overdraft shown under debit column in the Trial Balance
(g) Sales of `500 to Sadiq entered in sales journal as sales to Mushtaq
(h) Wages paid for installation of machinery debited to wages account

A. a, c and g
B. c, d and f
C. c, d, e and h
D. c, d, f and h

Which of the following methods is not a practical way of realizing revenue?

A. Delivery method
B. Percentage-of-completion method
C. Production method
D. Moving average method

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The amount payable to a person as consideration for the use of rights vested in him is

A. Dividend
B. Royalty
C. Purchase consideration
D. Installment

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Buildings account is debited with an amount towards repairs. This is an example of?

A. Error of commission
B. Error of principle
C. Error of omission
D. Compensating error

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The concept of conservatism will have the effect of______________?

A. Overstatement of Assets
B. Understatement of Assets
C. Overstatement of Liabilities
D. Understatement of Liabilities

During the year 2011-2012, the value of closing inventory was overstated by 25,000. Which
of the following is true?

A. The cost of goods sold was overstated during 2011-2012 and income will be understated
during 2012-2013
B. The income was overstated during 2011-12 and closing inventory will be overstated during
2012-2013
C. The retained earnings was overstated during 2011-2012 and retained earnings will be
understated during 2012-2013
D. The cost of goods sold was understated during 2011-2012 but retained earnings will not be
affected during 2012-2013

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Which of the following errors is an error of omission?

A. Sale of ` 100 was recorded in the Purchases Journal
B. Wages paid to Mohan have been debited to his account
C. The total of the sales journal has not been posted to the Sales Account
D. Repairs to buildings have been debited to buildings account

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Which of the following statements is /are true?

A. Entering wrong amount in the subsidiary book affects the agreement of the Trial Balance
B. Undercasting or overcastting of a subsidiary book is an example or error of commission
C. Errors of principle do not affect the agreement of Trial Balance
D. Both B. and C. above

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Which of the following is true?

A. Error of casting affects personal accounts

B. Omission of a transaction from a subsidiary record affects only one account
C. Error of carry forward affects two accounts
D. Error of principle involves an incorrect allocation of expenditure or receipt between
capital and revenue

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Journal proper is meant for recording_____________?

A. Credit purchase of fixed assets

B. Return of goods
C. All such transactions for which no special journal has been kept by the business
D. None of these

Closing stock in the Trial Balance implies that______________?

A. It is already adjusted in the opening stock

B. It is adjusted in the Purchase A/c
C. It is adjusted in the Cost of Sale A/c
D. It is adjusted in the Profit &Loss A/c

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Which of the following statements is true?

A. If a Trial Balance tallies, it always means that none of the transactions has been completely
omitted
B. A Trial Balance will not tally if a transaction is omitted
C. A customer to whom goods have been sold on credit cannot avail himself of a cash discount
D. A credit balance in the Pass Book indicates excess of deposits over withdrawals

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The adjustment to be made for income received in advance is:

A. Add income received in advance to respective income and show it as a liability

B. Deduct income received in advance from respective income and show it as a liability
C. Add income received in advance to respective income and show it as asset
D. Deduct income received in advance from respective income and show it as an asset in the
Balance Sheet

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Which of the following statements is correct about Trial Balance?

A. The Trial Balance is prepared after preparing the Profit and Loss Account
B. The Trial Balance shows only balances of Assets and Liabilities
C. The Trial Balance shows only nominal account balances
D. The Trial Balance has no statutory importance from the point of view of law

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While finalizing the current year„s accounts, the company realized that an error was made
in the calculation of closing stock of the previous year. In the previous year, closing stock
was valued more by 50,000. As a result

A. Previous year„s profit is overstated and current year„s profit is also overstated.
B. Previous year„s profit is understated and current year„s profit is overstated.
C. Previous year„s profit is overstated and current year„s profit is understated.
D. There will be no impact on the profit of either the previous year or the current year.

Which of the following is not correct about Errors?

A. Errors which affect one account can be errors of posting

B. Errors of omission arise when any transaction is left to be recorded
C. Errors of carry forward from one year to another year affect both Personal and Real A/c
D. Errors of commission arise when any transaction is recorded in a fundamentally incorrect
manner

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If goods worth 1,750 returned to a supplier is wrongly entered in sales return book as
1,570, then
A. Net Profit will decrease by 3,140
B. Gross Profit will increase by 3,320
C. Gross Profit will decrease by 3,500
D. Gross Profit will decrease by 3,320

For the past 3 years, DK Ltd. has failed to accrue unpaid wages earned by workers during
the last week of the year. The amounts omitted, which were considered material, were as
follows:

March 31,2010 – ` 56,000

March 31, 2011 – ` 51,000
March 31, 2012 – ` 64,000

The entry on March 31, 2012 to rectify these omissions would include a

A. Credit to wage expense for ` 64,000

B. Debit to wage expense for ` 64,000
C. Debit to wage expense for ` 51,000
D. Debit to wage expense for ` 13,000

Purchase journal is kept to record_____________?

A. All purchases of goods

B. All credit purchases of goods
C. All credit purchases
D. None of these

The beginnings inventory of the current year is overstated by 5,000 and closing inventory is
overstated by 12,000. These errors will cause the net income for the current year by

A. 17,000 (overstated.
B. 12,000 (understated.
C. 7,000 (overstated.
D. 7,000 (understated.

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The accountant of Leo Ltd. recorded a payment by cheque to a creditor for supply of
materials as 1,340.56. The bank recorded the cheque at its correct amount of 3,140.56. The
Company has not passed any rectification entries and the error is not detected through the
bank reconciliation. The impact of this error is

A. The Trial Balance will not agree

B. The balance of creditors is understated
C. The purchases are understated
D. The favorable bank balance as per Pass Book is less than the Bank balance as per Cash
book

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Which of the following errors affects the agreement of a Trial Balance?

A. Mistake in balancing an account

B. Omitting to record a transaction entirely in the subsidiary books
C. Recording of a wrong entry in the subsidiary books
D. Posting an entry on the correct side but in the wrong account

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Which of the following should not be treated as revenue expenditure?

A. Interest on loans and debentures

B. Annual fire insurance premiums on Plant and Equipment
C. Sales tax paid in connection with the purchase of office equipment
D. Small expenditures on long- lived assets, such as ` 20 for a paper weight.

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Capital expenditure is an expenditure which

A. Benefits the current accounting period

B. Will benefit the next accounting period
C. Results in the acquisition of a permanent asset
D. Results in the acquisition of a current asset

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Which of the following is not a deferred revenue expenditure?

A. Expenses in connection with issue of equity shares

B. Preoperative expenses
C. Heavy advertising expenses to introduce a new product
D. Legal expenses incurred in defending a suit for breach of contract to supply goods

Any donation received for a specific purpose is a_________?

A. Liability
B. Assets
C. Revenue receipts
D. Capital receipts
Which of the following is an item of capital expenditure?

A. Research and development costs during the year

B. Interest on borrowed fund utilized for acquisition of Office Furniture
C. Installation charges paid in conjunction with the purchase of Office Equipment
D. Monthly rent of a machinery used in the business

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The balance of which of the following accounts do not disappear, once they are
debited/credited to Trading Account?

A. Sales
B. Purchases
C. Inward returns
D. Closing stock

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Which one of the following should be considered a revenue expenditure?

A. 1000 paid for the execution of a new plant

B. Loss of 10,000 incurred in increasing the sitting accommodation of a hotel
C. Damage paid on account of breach of a contract to supply certain goods
D. Repair to machinery purchased, second hand.

Which of the following statements are / is true? – Events after Balance Sheet are?

A. All the significant events after the Balance Sheet date

B. The events after Balance Sheet date but before submitting it to the Registrar of Companies
C. The events after Balance Sheet date but before its approval by the board
D. All changes after Balance Sheet date before its approval

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Which one of the following is a capital expenditure?

A. Compensation paid to Directors on termination of their services

B. Expenditure incurred in connection with the renewal of a Trade Mark.
C. Gratuities paid to Directors on termination of their services.
D. Royalty paid in installments for the purchase of rights to manufacture and sell patient
medicines.

Which of the following enhances the earning capacity of an asset?

A. Increase in working capacity of an asset
B. Reduction in operating costs
C. Replacing damaged parts of an asset
D. Both A. and C. above

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Which of the following items should not be capitalized relating to fixed assets?

A. Interest payable on loans or deferred credits taken for the acquisition or construction of fixed
assets before they are ready for use
B. Stand by equipment and servicing equipment
C. Expenditure incurred on test runs and experimental production
D. Administration and general expenses

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Which of these errors affect only one account?

A. Errors of casting
B. Errors of carry forward
C. Errors of posting
D. All the three

Which of these errors affect two or more accounts

A. Errors of complete omission

B. Errors of principle
C. Errors of posting to wrong account
D. All the three

Which of the following error is an error of principle

A. 5,000 received from Sham credited to Ram A/c

B. 5,000 incurred on installation of new plant debited to travelling expenses A/c
C. 500 paid for wages debited to salary A/c
D. 500 being purchase of raw material debited to purchase A/c ` 50

Which of the following is an one sided error?

A. 500 purchase of old equipment not recorded in the books of A/c at all
B. 500 being expense on travelling expense credited to travelling expenses
C. Both
D. None
Any gain on the sale of non-current assets should be _________ from the net profit and the
loss must be _________to the net profit in determining fund from operation?

A. Added, Reduced
B. Added, Added
C. Deducted, Added
D. Deducted, Deducted

Cash book records?

A. Only cash sales

B. All types of cash receipts and payments
C. Only revenue receipts
D. Only capital receipts

In a three column cash book_______________does not exist?

A. Cash column
B. Bank column
C. Petty cash column
D. Discount column

Which of these transactions will not be recorded in cash book?

A. Cash received from debtors

B. Cash paid to creditors
C. Salary remained outstanding
D. Cash deposited with bank

The closing balance of a petty cash book is a / an___________?

A. Liability
B. Gain
C. Assets
D. Loss

Which column of a cash book will not have credit balance___________?

A. Bank column
B. Discount column
C. Cash column
D. None

Petty cash balance is a/an___________?

A. Assets
B. Expenditure
C. Liability
D. None

Which of these is a Part of cash in hand?

A. Postage stamps
B. B/R
C. Cheque Deposited with Bank
D. B/R endorsed

Which of the following is a Real A/c?

A. Salary A/c
B. Bank A/c
C. Building A/c
D. Goodwill A/c

Which of the following is a representative Personal A/c?

A. Outstanding Salary A/c

B. Rent A/c
C. SBI A/c
D. Bad debts A/c

Which of the following is a Nominal A/c ?

A. Outstanding Salary A/c

B. Rent A/c
C. SBI A/c
D. Debtors A/c

Goodwill A/c is a/an__________?

A. Nominal A/c
B. Tangible Asset
C. Intangible Asset
D. Fictitious Asset

Posting is the process of____________?

A. Posting the letters in drop box

B. Posting suitable person to a suitable job
C. Entering in the ledger the information contained in the ledger
D. All the three
A book wherein various accounts are opened is called____________?

A. Subsidiary books
B. Journal
C. Ledger
D. Trial Balance

Which of these is not a special purpose journal?

A. Cash journal
B. Purchase journal
C. Debtors journal
D. Sales journal

The periodic total of sales day book is posted to___________?

A. Sales A/c
B. Cash sales A/c
C. Sales return A/c
D. Credit sales A/c

The periodic total of purchase day book is posted to____________?

A. Purchase register
B. Purchase A/c
C. Cash purchase A/c
D. Credit purchase A/c

Capital expenses are shown in___________?

A. Balance Sheet
B. Profit and Loss A/c
C. Trading A/c
D. None of these

Revenue receipts are shown in___________?

A. Balance Sheet
B. Profit and Loss appropriation A/c
C. Manufacturing A/c
D. Trading and Profit and Loss A/c

Revenue is generally recognized as being earned at that point of time when?

A. sale is effected
B. cash is received
C. production is completed
D. debts are collected

Which of the following is a revenue expenses?

A. Raw material consumed

B. Plant purchased
C. Long term loan raised from bank
D. Share Capital

Which of the following is a capital expenditure?

A. Repair of plant and machinery

B. Salary paid to workers
C. Cost of stand by equipment
D. Annual whitewash of the office building

Which of these types of expenditure would not be treated as a Capital Expenditure?

A. Acquisition of an Asset
B. Extension of an Asset
C. Improvement of the existing Asset
D. Maintenance of the Asset

Expenses of the following nature are treated as a Revenue expenses except__________?

A. Expenses for day to day running of the business

B. Putting the new asset in working condition
C. Depreciation
D. Purchase of raw material

Cash received from debtors would be deemed as___________of funds.

A. No flow
B. Sources
C. Uses
D. Gain

Generally the term fund is used to mean the difference between?

A. Current assets and current liabilities

B. Profit and loss A/C and Balance sheet
C. Current assets and non-current liabilities
D. Current liabilities and non-current liabilities

The periodic total of purchase day book is posted to___________?

A. Creditors A/c
B. Debtors A/c
C. Purchase A/c
D. None

Which of these documents is not required for Bank Reconciliation?

A. Bank column of Cash Book

B. Bank Pass Book
C. Bank Statement
D. Trial Balance

Which of these items are taken into consideration for preparation of adjusted Cash Book

A. Mistake in Cash Book

B. Mistake in Pass Book
C. Cheque issued but not presented for payment
D. Cheques deposited but not cleared

Credit balance as per Cash Book mean____________?

A. Surplus cash
B. Bank overdraft
C. Terms deposits with bank
D. None of these

Debit side of Bank Pass book corresponds to___________?

A. Credit side of Cash Book

B. Debit side of Cash Book
C. Debit side of Trial Balance
D. Credit side of Balance Sheet

Difference in Bank Balance as per Pass Book and Cash Book may arise on account
of_____________?

A. Cheque issued but not presented

B. Cheque issued but dishonoured
C. Cheque deposited and credited by bank
D. All of A. and B. above

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The Bank Reconciliation Statement is prepared?

A. To rectify the mistakes in the Cash Book
B. To arrive at the Bank Balance
C. To arrive at the Cash Balance
D. To bring out the reasons for the difference between the Balance as per Cash Book and
the Balance as per Bank Statement

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Bank reconciliation is a statement prepared to reconcile__________?

A. Trial balance
B. Cash book
C. Bank A/c
D. Cash as per cash book with bank balance as per bank pass book

Bank reconciliation statement is a part of_________?

A. Cash book
B. Trial balance
C. Auditors report
D. None of these

Benefits of preparing Bank Reconciliation Statement includes___________?

A. It bring out any errors committed in preparation of Cash book / Bank Pass Book
B. Highlights under delay in clearance of cheques deposited but not credited
C. Help know actual bank balance
D. All the three

Debit balance as per bank pass book mean_____________?

A. Surplus cash
B. Bank Overdraft
C. Terms deposits with bank
D. None of these

Which of the following is not a cause of difference in balance as per cash book and balance
as per bank pass book___________?

A. Errors in cash book

B. Errors in pass book
C. Cheques deposited and cleared
D. Cheques issued but not presented for payment

Provision is created for____________?

A. Unknown Liabilities
B. Known Liabilities
C. Creation of Secret Reserves
D. All the Three

Which of the following is not a method of charging depreciation?

A. Straight line Method

B. Written down value Method
C. Discounted present value Method
D. Sum of digits Method

A second hand car is purchased for 2,00,000 and sold at 1,40,000 after two years. If
depreciation is charged @ 10% on SLM method, find the profit or loss on sale of the car?

A. 20,000 Loss
B. 20,000 Profit
C. 10,000 Loss
D. 10,000 Profit

A second hand car is purchased for 2,00,000 and sold at 1,40,000 after two years. If
depreciation is charged @ 10% on written down value method, find the profit or loss on
sale of the Second hand car?

A. Loss of 20,000
B. Loss of 22,000
C. Loss of 11,000
D. Profit of 11,000

Which of the following is true with respect to providing depreciation under diminishing
balance method?

A. The amount of depreciation keeps increasing every year while the rate of depreciation keeps
decreasing
B. The amount of depreciation and the rate of depreciation decrease every year
C. The amount of depreciation decreases while the rate of depreciation remains the same
D. The amount of depreciation and the rate of depreciation increases every year

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Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of depreciation?

A. Regular reduction of asset value to correspond to changes in market value as the asset ages
B. A process of correlating the market value of an asset with its gradual decline in physical
efficiency
C. Allocation of cost in a manner that will ensure that Plant and Equipment items are not carried
on the Balance Sheet in excess of net realizable value
D. Allocation of the cost of an asset to the periods in which services are received from the
asset

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The main objective of providing depreciation is to?

A. Calculate the true profit

B. Show the true financial position in the Balance Sheet
C. Provide funds for replacement of fixed assets
D. Both A. and B. above

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Depreciation is a process of____________?

A. Valuation
B. Valuation and allocation
C. Allocation
D. Appropriation

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The portion of the acquisition cost of the asset yet to be allocated is known as___________?

A. Written down value

B. Accumulated value
C. Salvage value
D. Residual Value

Which of the following statements is true with regard to written down value method of
depreciation?

i. The rate at which the asset is written off reduces year after year
ii. The amount of depreciation provided reduces from year to year
iii. The rate of depreciation as well as the amount of depreciation reduce year after year
iv. The value of the asset gets reduced to zero over a period of time

A. Only (i) above

B. Only (ii) above
C. Both (i) and (ii) above
D. (i),(ii) and (iii) above

The accounting process of gradually converting the unexpired cost of fixed assets into
expenses over a series of accounting periods is_________?
A. Depreciation
B. Physical deterioration of the asset
C. Decrease in market value of the asset
D. Valuation of an asset at a point of time

Which of the following factors are primarily considered to determine the economic life of
an asset?

A. Passage of time, asset usage, and obsolescence

B. Tax regulations and SEBI guidelines
C. Tax regulations and asset usage
D. SEBI guidelines and Asset usage

In which of the following methods, the cost of the asset is spread over in equal proportion
during its useful economic life?

A. Straight-line method
B. Written down value method
C. Units-of-production method
D. Sum-of-the years„-digits method

Which of the following statements is correct about Depreciation?

A. Depreciation cannot be provided in case of loss in a financial year

B. Depreciation is a charge against profit
C. Depreciation is provided in the books only when there is profit
D. Depreciation is an appropriation of profit

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Depreciation is calculated on the____________?

A. Cost price of asset

B. Market price
C. Cost+ Transport+ Installation expenses
D. Cost or market values whichever is less

Which of the following is an external cause of depreciation?

A. Routine repair and maintenance

B. Misuse
C. Obsolescence
D. Wear and tear

Which of the following is not depreciated?

A. Building
B. Land
C. Plant and Machinery
D. Office equipment

____________is also known as Appraisal system of depreciation?

A. Inventory system
B. Survey system
C. Annuity system
D. Insurance

Bad debts recovered account will be transferred to______________?

A. Debtor„s Account
B. Profit and Loss Account
C. Provision for Doubtful Debt Account
D. Either (b )or C. above
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The entry for creating a Provision for bad debts is_____________?

A. Debit Provision for Bad Debts A/c and credit Debtors A/c
B. Debit Debtors A/c and credit Provision for Bad Debts A/c
C. Debit Provision for Bad Debts A/c and credit Profit & Loss A/c
D. Debit Profit and Loss A/c and credit Provision for Bad Debts A/c.

When a person purchasing goods on credit he becomes a_________in the books of the
seller?

A. Debtor
B. Creditor
C. Defaulter
D. Offender

Cost of goods sold excludes___________?

A. Opening Stock
B. Carriage inward
C. Wages & Salary
D. Postage & Stamps

Tax deducted at source A/c appears in___________?

A. Assets side
B. Liability side
C. Profit & Loss A/c
D. Debited to Capital A/c

Investment in own share A/c appears in____________?

A. Asset side
B. Liability side
C. Netted from Capital
D. Profit & Loss A/c

Payments received in advance from a customer for a contract can be__________?

A. Shown as a deduction from contract work-in-progress on asset side

B. Shown as a liability
C. Credited to P&L A/c
D. Either A. or B. above

If a company has contingent liabilities, they appear in the__________?

A. Balance Sheet
B. Directors„ report
C. Notes on account to Balance Sheet
D. Chairman„s report

Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the notes to Balance Sheet

Recent developments have made much of a company„s inventory obsolete. This obsolete
inventory should be?

A. Written down to zero or its scrap value

B. Shown in the Balance Sheet at its replacement cost
C. Shown in the Balance Sheet at cost, but classified as a non-current asset
D. Carried in the accounting records at cost until it is sold

Which of the following is not classified as inventory in the financial statements?

A. Finished goods
B. Work-in-process
C. Stores and spares
D. Advance payments made to suppliers for raw materials

If actual bad debts are more than the provision for bad debts, then there will be
a_____________?

A. Credit balance of Provision for Bad Debts Account

B. Debit balance of Provision for Bad Debts Account
C. Debit balance of Bad Debts Account
D. Debit balance of Discount on Debtors Account

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The creation of provision for doubtful debts given as an adjustment

requires____________?

A. Debit Profit and Loss Account and deduct the provision from debtors
B. Credit Profit & Loss Account and deduct the provision from debtors
C. Credit Profit and Loss Account and add the provision to debtors
D. Debit Profit & Loss Account and add the provision to debtors

Under the direct write-off method of recognizing a bad debt expense. Which of the
following statements is/are true?

A. The bad debt expense is not matched with the related sales
B. Revenue is overstated in the year of sales
C. It violates the matching principle of accounting
D. All of the above

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At the time of preparation of financial accounts, bad debt recovered account will be
transferred to?

A. Debtors A/c
B. Profit & Loss A/c
C. Profit & Loss Adjustment A/c
D. Profit & Loss Appropriation A/c

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The balance of Revaluation Reserve pertaining to an asset that has been disposed off or
retired can be transferred to?

A. General Reserve A/c

B. Profit & Loss A/c
C. Asset A/c
D. Capital Reserve A/c

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Average Accounting Return is a measure of accounting profit relative to:

A. Book value
B. Intrinsic value
C. Cost
D. Market value

During the accounting period, sales revenue is Rs. 25,000 and accounts receivable increases
by Rs. 8,000. What will be the amount of cash received from customers for the period?

A. Rs. 33,000
B. Rs. 25,000
C. Rs. 17,000
D. Rs. 8,000

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Which of the following form of business organization is least regulated?

A. Sole-proprietorship
B. General Partnership
C. Limited Partnership
D. Corporation

Which of the following statement is considered as the accountant‟s snapshot of firm‟s

accounting value as of a particular date?

A. Income Statement
B. Balance Sheet
C. Cash Flow Statement
D. Retained Earning Statement

Period cost include which of the following ?

A. selling Expense
B. Direct labor
C. factory overhead
D. selling Expenses & administrative expenses

Submitted by: Maneesh kumar

The compensation paid by the borrower of fund to lender, from the borrower point of the
cost of borrowing fund is called?

A. Interest Rate
B. Required rate of return
C. Nominal interest rate
D. All of the above
 Submitted by: Maneesh kumar

An income statement in which each item expressed as percentage of Sale?

A. Balance sheet
B. income statement
C. common size income statement
D. All of the Above

Short term Assets expected to be converted into cash within 1 year or less than?

A. Current Assets
B. Fixed Assets
C. Current Assets& current liabilities
D. All of the above

Submitted by: Maneesh Kumar

_________is the cost of converting raw material into finished products?

A. Prime cost
B. Explicit cost
C. Job order cost
D. Conversion cost

____________ is a systematic examination of the books and records or a business?

A. Auditing
B. Vouching
C. Verification
D. Checking

The term „Audit‟ is derived from a Latin word “audire” which means___________?

A. To inspect
B. To examine
C. To hear
D. To investigate

The main object of an audit is _____________?

A. Expression of opinion
B. Detection and Prevention of fraud and error
C. Both (A) and (B)
D. Depends on the type of audit.

An auditor is like a_______________?

A. Blood haunt
B. Watch dog
C. May both according to situation
D. None of these

Process of verifying the documentary evidences of transactions are known as___________?

A. Auditing
B. Testing
C. Vouching
D. Verification

Auditing is compulsory for____________?

A. Small scale business

B. Partnership firms
C. Joint stock Companies
D. Proprietary Concerns

Concealment of shortage by delaying the recording of cash receipts is known

as_____________?

A. Embezzlement
B. Misappropriation
C. Lapping
D. None of these

The fundamental objective of the audit of a company is to_____________?

A. Protect the interests of the minority shareholders

B. Detect and prevent errors and fraud
C. Assess the effectiveness of the company‟s performance
D. Attest to the credibility of the company‟s accounts

The concept of stewardship means that a company‟s directors________________?

A. Are responsible for ensuring that the company complies with the law
B. Are responsible for ensuring that the company pays its tax by the due date
C. Safeguard the company‟s assets and manage them on behalf of the shareholders
D. Report suspected fraud and money laundering to the authorities

Why do auditors concentrate their efforts on material items in accounts?

A. Because they are easier to audit

B. Because it reduces the audit time
C. Because the risk to the accounts of their being incorrectly stated is greater
D. Because the directors have asked for it

Which of the following is NOT the responsibility of a company‟s directors?

A. Reporting to the shareholders on the accuracy of the accounts

B. Establishment of internal controls
C. Keeping proper accounting records
D. Supplying information and explanations to the auditor

International auditing standards are issued by the______________?

A. International Accounting Standards Board

B. Financial Accounting Standards Board
C. International Standards Board
D. Auditing Practices Board

Which of the following is not true about opinion on financial statements?

A. The auditor should express an opinion on financial statements.

B. His opinion is no guarantee to future viability of business
C. He is responsible for detection and prevention of frauds and errors in financial
statements
D. He should examine whether recognised accounting principle have been consistently

A sale of Rs. 50.000 to A was entered as a sale to B. This is an example of____________?

A. Error of omission
B. Error of commission
C. Compensating error
D. Error of principle

When an auditor is proposed for removal from office, which one of the following is he NOT
permitted to do?

A. Circulate representations to members

B. Apply to the court to have the proposal removed
C. Speak at the AGM/EGM where the removal is proposed
D. Receive notification of the AGM/EGM where the removal is proposed

Which one of the following is NOT a duty of the auditor?

A. Duty to report to the company‟s bankers

B. Duty to report to the members
C. Duty to sign the audit report
D. Duty to report on any violation of law
Assuming that it is not the first appointment of the auditor, who is responsible for the
appointment of the auditor?

A. The shareholders in a general meeting

B. The managing director
C. The board of directors in a board meeting
D. The audit committee

The independent auditor‟s primary responsibility is to______________?

A. the directors
B. the company‟s creditors (payables)
C. the company‟s bank
D. the shareholders

How long is the auditor‟s term of office?

A. Until the audit is complete

B. Until the financial statements are complete
C. Until the next AGM (Annual General Meeting)
D. Until the directors remove them

Which of the following is correct in relation to materiality?

A. A matter is material only if it changes the audit report

B. A matter is material if the auditor and the directors both decide that further work needs to be
done in the area under question
C. A matter is material only if it affects directors‟ emoluments
D. A matter is material if its omission or misstatement would reasonably influence the
decisions of an addressee of the auditors‟ report

Which one of the following is NOT considered to be part of planning?

A. Background i.e. industry

B. Previous year‟s audit i.e. any qualifications in the report
C. Considering the work to be done by the client staff e.g. internal audit
D. Considering whether the financial statements show a true and fair view

Audit risk is composed of 3 factors. Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?

A. Compliance risk
B. Detection risk
C. Control risk
D. Inherent risk

Which of the following should NOT be considered at the planning stage?

A. The timing of the audit
B. Analytical review
C. Last year‟s written representation letter
D. Obtaining written representations

At the planning stage you would NOT consider____________?

A. the timing of the audit

B. whether corrections from the inventory count have been implemented
C. last year‟s audit
D. the potential use of internal audit

Which of the following describes sampling risk?

A. The risk of the auditor carrying out a test the wrong way round
B. The risk of reliance on unsuitable audit evidence
C. The risk that the sample does not reflect the population
D. The risk of the auditor reaching the wrong conclusions from testing

Which of the following is NOT an accepted method of selection in sampling?

A. Systematic selection
B. Pervasive selection
C. Random selection
D. Haphazard selection

Which of the following are you unlikely to see in the current file of auditors‟ working
papers?

A. Memorandum & articles of association

B. Audit planning memorandum
C. Summary of unadjusted errors
D. Details of the work done on the inventory count

According to ISA 500, the strength of audit evidence is determined by which two qualities?

A. Appropriateness & competence

B. Sufficiency & appropriateness
C. Reliability & extensiveness
D. Objectivity & independence

Which of the following is normally the most reliable source of audit evidence?

A. Internal audit
B. Suppliers‟ statements
C. Board minutes
D. Analytical review

The degree of effectiveness of an internal control system depends on:

A. The design of the internal control system and the implementation of the controls
B. The design of the internal controls and the implementation of the control system
C. The implementation of the controls and the correctness of the accounting records
D. The design of the internal control system and the correctness of the accounting records

According to ISA 315, which of the following is NOT an element of the control
environment?

A. Participation of management
B. Information processing
C. Commitment to competence
D. Human resource policies and practices

According to ISA 315, which of the following is NOT a control activity?

A. Performance reviews
B. Physical controls
C. Organizational structure
D. Segregation of duties

Lapping is also known as___________?

A. Teeming and lading

B. Looping
C. Embezzlement
D. Hacking

Goods sent on approval basis‟ have been recorded as „Credit sales‟. This is an example
of____________?

A. Error of principle
B. Error of commission
C. Error of omission
D. Error of duplication

Which of the following statements is not true?

A. Management fraud is more difficult to detect than employee fraud

B. Internal control system reduces the possibility of occurrence of employee fraud and
management fraud
C. The auditor‟s responsibility for detection and prevention of errors and frauds is similar.
D. All statements are correct.

Internal audit is undertaken:

A. By independent auditor
B. Statutorily appointed auditor
C. By a person appointed by the management
D. By a government auditor

The scope of internal audit is decided by the___________?

A. Shareholders
B. Management
C. Government
D. Law

Audit of banks is an example of_____________?

A. Statutory audit
B. Balance sheet audit
C. Concurrent audit
D. All of the above

Concurrent audit is a part of____________?

A. Internal check system

B. Continuous audit
C. Internal audit system
D. None of these

Audit in depth is synonymous for____________?

A. Complete audit
B. Completed audit
C. Final audit
D. Detailed audit

Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan was established in____________?

A. 1949
B. 1956
C. 1961
D. 1972

Which of the following statements is not true about continuous audit?

A. It is conducted at regular interval
B. It may be carried out on daily basis
C. It is needed when the organization has a good internal control system
D. It is expensive

Internal check is carried on by___________?

A. Staff specially appointed for the purpose

B. Internal auditor
C. Supervisor of the staff
D. Members of the staff

Errors of Omission are_____________?

A. Technical errors
B. Errors of principle
C. Compensating errors
D. None of the above

Window dressing implies_______________?

A. Curtailment of expenses
B. Checking of Wastages
C. Under valuation of assets
D. Over Valuation of assets

Test Checking refers to___________?

A. Testing of accounts and records

B. Checking of selected number of transactions
C. Examination of adjusting and closing entries
D. Checking of all transactions recorded

Which of the following statements is not correct about materiality?

A. Materiality is a relative concept

B. Materiality judgments involve both quantitative and qualitative judgments
C. Auditor‟s consideration of materiality is influenced by the auditor‟s perception of the needs of
an informed decision maker who will rely on the financial statements
D. At the planning state, the auditor considers materiality at the financial statement level
only

______the audit risks_______the materiality and_________the audit effort.

A. Lower, Higher, Lower

B. Lower, Lower, Higher
C. Higher, Lower, Lower
D. Lower, Higher, Higher

When issuing unqualified opinion, the auditor who evaluates the audit findings should be
satisfied that the___________?

A. Amount of known misstatement is documented in working papers

B. Estimates of the total likely misstatement is less than materiality level
C. Estimate of the total likely misstatement is more than materially level
D. Estimates of the total likely misstatement cannot be made

In determining the level of materiality for an audit, what should not be considered?

A. Prior year‟s errors

B. The auditor‟s remuneration
C. Adjusted interim financial statements
D. Prior year‟s financial statements

Analytical procedures issued in the planning stage of an audit, generally

A. Helps to determine the nature, timing and extent of other audit procedures
B. Directs attention to potential risk areas
C. Indicates important aspects of business
D. All of the above

Which of the following statements is most closely associated with analytical procedure
applied at substantive stage?

A. It helps to study relationship among balance sheet accounts

B. It helps to discover material misstatements in the financial statements
C. It helps to identify possible oversights
D. It helps to accumulate evidence supporting the validity of a specific account balance

Verification refers to_________?

A. Examining the physical existence and valuation of assets.

B. Examining the journal and ledger
C. Examination of vouchers related to assets.
D. None of the above.

Stock should be valued at_________?

A. Cost
B. Market price
C. Cost or Market price whichever is lower.
D. Cost less depreciation.
Floating assets are valued at____________?

A. cost
B. Market price
C. Cost or market price whichever is lower
D. Cost less depreciation

Goods sold on the basis of „sales or return „ should:

A. Be included in the stock

B. Not be included in the stock
C. Not be checked by auditor
D. None of the above

Of the following, which is the least persuasive type of audit evidence?

A. Bank statements obtained from the client

B. Documents obtained by auditor from third parties directly.
C. Carbon copies of sales invoices inspected by the auditor
D. Computations made by the auditor

Which of the following statements is, generally, correct about the reliability of audit
evidence?

A. To be reliable, evidence should conclusive rather than persuasive

B. Effective internal control system provides reliable audit evidence
C. Evidence obtained from outside sources routed through the client
D. All are correct.

In an audit of financial statements, substantive tests are audit procedures that __________?

A. May be eliminated for an account balance under certain conditions

B. Are designed to discover significant subsequent events
C. Will increase proportionately when the auditor decreases the assessed level of control risk
D. May be test of transactions, test of balance and analytical procedures

The nature, timing and extent of substantive procedures is related to assessed level of
control risk

A. Randomly
B. Disproportionately
C. Directly
D. Inversely

Which of the following factors is most important in determining the appropriations of

audit evidence?
A. The reliability of audit evidence and its relevance in meeting the audit objective
B. The objectivity and integrity of the auditor
C. The quantity of audit evidence
D. The independence of the source of evidence

When is evidential matter, generally, considered sufficient?

A. When it constitutes entire population

B. When it is enough to provide a basis for giving reasonable assurance regarding
truthfulness
C. When it is objective and relevant
D. When auditor collects and evaluates it independently

Which of the following is not corroborative evidence?

A. Minutes of meetings
B. Confirmations from debtors
C. Information gathered by auditor through observation
D. Worksheet supporting consolidated financial statements

What would most appropriately describe the risk of incorrect rejection in terms of
substantive testing?

A. The auditor concludes balance is materially correct when in actual fact it is not
B. The auditor concludes that the balance is materially misstated when in actual fact it not
C. The auditor has rejected an item for sample which was material
D. None of the above

Which of the following affects audit effectiveness?

A. Risk of over reliance

B. Risk of incorrect rejection
C. Risk of incorrect acceptance
D. Both A and C

What would most effectively describe the risk of incorrect acceptance in terms of
substantive audit testing?

A. The auditor has ascertained that the balance is materially correct when in actual fact it
is not
B. The auditor concludes the balance is materially misstated when in actual fact is not
C. The auditor has rejected an item from sample which was not supported by documentary
evidence
D. He applies random sampling on data which is inaccurate and inconsistent

Audit programme is prepared by____________?

A. The auditor
B. The client
C. The audit assistants
D. The auditor and his audit assistants

The working papers which auditor prepares for financial statements audit
are___________?

A. Evidence for audit conclusions

B. Owned by the client
C. Owned by the auditor
D. Retained in auditor‟s office until a change in auditors

The quantity of audit working papers complied on engagement would most be affected
by__________?

A. Management‟s integrity
B. Auditor‟s experience and professional judgment
C. Auditor‟s qualification
D. Control risk

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of audit programme
preparation?

A. To detect errors or fraud

B. To comply with GAAP appropriate evidence
C. To gather sufficient
D. To assess audit risk

Which of the following is not an advantage of the preparation of working paper?

A. To provide a basis for review of audit work

B. To provide a basis for subsequent audits
C. To ensure audit work is being carried out as per programme
D. To provide a guide for advising another client on similar issues

The auditor‟s permanent working paper file should not normally, include__________?

A. Extracts from client‟s bank statements

B. Past year‟s financial statements
C. Attorney‟s letters
D. Debt agreements

For what minimum period should audit working papers be retained by audit firm?
A. For the time period the entity remains a client of the audit firm.
B. For a period of ten years
C. For a period auditor opines them to be useful in servicing the client
D. For the period the audit firm is in existence.

Which of the following factors would least likely affect the quantity and content of an
auditor‟s working papers

A. The assessed level of control risk

B. The possibility of peer review
C. The nature of auditor‟s report
D. The content of management representation letter

Which of the following statement is true regarding an auditor‟s working papers?

A. They document the level of independence maintained by the auditor

B. They should be considered as the principle support for the auditor‟s report
C. They should not contain details regarding weaknesses in the internal control system
D. They help the auditor to monitor the effectiveness of the audit firm‟s quality control

Which of the following statement best describes the understanding with respect to
ownership and custody of working papers prepared by an auditor?

A. The working papers may be obtained by third parties when they appear to be relevant
to issues raised in litigation
B. The safe custody of working papers is the responsibility of client, if kept at his premises
C. The working papers must be retained by an audit firm for a period of 10 years
D. Successor auditors may have access to working papers of the predecessor auditors. The
approval of client is not required.

The current file of the auditor‟s working papers, generally, should include____________?

A. A flowchart of the internal controls

B. Organisation charts
C. A copy of financial statements
D. Copies of bond and debentures

Auditing is what?

A. Reporting the financial information

B. Examination of financial statements
C. Preparation financial statements
D. maintaining the ledger records