ME 403 – CONTROL SYSTEMS

Lecture 1

• Design Of Feedback Control Systems, 4th Edition

R. T. Stefani, C. J. Savant, B. Shahian, G. H. Hostetter
• Automatic Control Systems, 9th Edition
Benjamin C. Kuo, Farid Golnaraghi

Instructors:
AP Saad Arif , Lec. Moeen Mahboob
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Objectives

 Define a control system

 Explain why control systems are important
 Introduce basic components of a control system
 Give some examples of control system applications
 Explain why feedback is incorporated into most control systems
 Introduce types of control systems

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Basic Concepts
Control system design process consists of
 Creating a mathematical model of the system (Block Diagram)
 Identifying the contents of blocks within the diagram
 Selecting values of adjustable parameters
 Adding components to provide acceptable performance

Feedback systems actively used in

 Automated manufacturing plants
 Automobiles
 House hold appliances
 Entertainment systems

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Terminology

 System

An arrangement or combination of different physical components that are

connected or related together to form an entire unit to achieve a certain
objective. E.g., Classroom, Car etc.

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Terminology

 Control

To regulate direct and command a system so that a desired objective is achieved

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Terminology

 Plant/Process

Portion of the system to be controlled. It is fixed as far as the control system

designer is concerned. The designer’s job is to ensure that the plant operates as
required

Fixed

Plant
or
Process
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Terminology

 Inputs

The applied or excitation signal applied to a control system to get a specific

output

Fixed

Input Plant
or
Process
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Terminology

 Outputs

The actual response obtained from a control system due to the application of
the input

Fixed

Input Plant Output

or
Process
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Terminology

 Controller

Internal or external element of the system used to control the plant or process. The
controller generates plant input signals designed to produce the desired outputs.
Some plant inputs are accessible to the designer and some are not available

Fixed

Input Plant Output

Controller or
Control Process
Inputs
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Terminology

 Disturbances

A disturbance is an uncontrollable input that has an undesired effect on the desired

output of the system. It may be internal (produced within the system) or external

Disturbance Inputs
Fixed

Input Plant Output

Controller or
Control Process
Inputs
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Terminology

 Open Loop System

A system in which the control inputs are not influenced by the plant outputs i.e.,
there is no feedback around the plant

Disturbance Inputs
Fixed

Input Plant Output

Controller or
Control Process
Inputs
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Terminology

 Open Loop System

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Terminology
 Closed Loop System

A system in which the control inputs are influenced by the plant outputs i.e., a path
(or loop) is provided from the output back to the controller.

Disturbance Inputs
Fixed

Input Plant Output

Controller or
Control Process
Inputs

Measurements
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Terminology
 Closed Loop System

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Effect of Feedback

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Advantages of Feedback

 Increased accuracy
 Reduced sensitivity to changes in components
 Reduced effects of disturbances
 Increased speed of response and bandwidth

Feedback should be positive or negative?

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Examples of Open Loop & Closed Loop
Control Systems

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Types of Control Systems
 Linear VS Non-Linear Control Systems
 Time Invariant VS Time Variant Systems
 Continuous Data VS Discrete Data Control Systems

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Control System Applications
 Intelligent systems
 Machine tools, Flexible robotics, Process control
 Control in virtual prototyping and hardware in the loop
 Smart Transportation Systems
 Climate Control
 Anti-lock Brake System (ABS)
 Traction Control System
 Cruise Control System
 Dynamic Stability Control
 Emergency Brake Assist
 Drive-by-wire System / Steering Control
 Driver Assist System
 Active Suspension System and Cross Wind Stabilization
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