Business

Management and
Administration
Cluster

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Copyright © 2017, MBA Research and Curriculum Center®
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Tier 1: Business Administration Core.............................................................................................................3
Tier 2: Business Management and Administration Career Cluster.............................................................27

Performance Indicators
 Performance indicators for PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION role-plays and exams will be
selected from the business administration core (Tier 1).
 Performance indicators for TEAM DECISION MAKING case studies and exams will be selected from the
business administration core (Tier 1) and appropriate career cluster (Tier 2).
 Performance indicators for INDIVIDUAL SERIES exams will be selected from the business administration
core (Tier 1) and appropriate career cluster (Tier 2). Performance indicators for the role-plays will be
selected from the business administration core (Tier 1), appropriate career cluster (Tier 2) and
appropriate pathway (Tier 3).

Key
PQ = Prerequisite level performance indicator content develops employability and job-survival skills and
concepts, including work ethics, personal appearance, and general business behavior.
CS = Career Sustaining level performance indicator content develops skills and knowledge needed for continued
employment in or study of business based on the application of basic academics and business skills.
SP = Specialist level performance indicator content provides in-depth, solid understanding and skill
development in all business functions.
An asterisk (*) indicates a new performance indicator.

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Copyright © 2017, MBA Research and Curriculum Center®
Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 3

The Business Administration Core performance indicators will be used when preparing for
all exams, role-play scenarios, and case studies in the following events:

 Business Law and Ethics Decision Making

 Human Resources Management Series

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Copyright © 2017, MBA Research and Curriculum Center®
Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 4

Instructional Area: Business Law (BL)

Standard: Understands business's responsibility to know, abide by, and enforce laws
and regulations that affect business operations and transactions

Performance Element: Acquire foundational knowledge of business laws and

regulations to understand their nature and scope.
Performance Indicators:
Comply with the spirit and intent of laws and regulations (BL:163) (CS)*
Discuss the nature of law and sources of law in the United States (BL:067) (SP)
Describe the United States' judicial system (BL:068) (SP)
Describe methods used to protect intellectual property (BL:051) (SP)
Describe legal issues affecting businesses (BL:001) (SP)

Performance Element: Understand the civil foundations of the legal environment of

business to demonstrate knowledge of contracts.
Performance Indicators:
Identify the basic torts relating to business enterprises (BL:069) (SP)
Describe the nature of legally binding contracts (BL:002) (SP)

Performance Element: Explore the regulatory environment of United States' businesses

to understand the diversity of regulations.
Performance Indicators:
Describe the nature of legal procedure (BL:070) (SP)
Discuss the nature of debtor-creditor relationships (BL:071) (SP)
Explain the nature of agency relationships (BL:072) (SP)
Discuss the nature of environmental law (BL:073) (SP)
Discuss the role of administrative law (BL:074) (SP)

Performance Element: Apply knowledge of business ownership to establish and

continue business operations.
Performance Indicators:
Explain types of business ownership (BL:003) (CS)

Performance Element: Acquire knowledge of commerce laws and regulations to

continue business operations.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the nature of import/export law (BL:145) (SP)
Describe the nature of customs regulations (BL:126) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 5

Instructional Area: Communication Skills (CO)

Standard: Understands the concepts, strategies, and systems used to obtain and convey
ideas and information

Performance Element: Read to acquire meaning from written material and to apply the
information to a task.
Performance Indicators:
Identify sources that provide relevant, valid written material (CO:054) (PQ)
Extract relevant information from written materials (CO:055) (PQ)
Apply written directions to achieve tasks (CO:056) (PQ)
Analyze company resources to ascertain policies and procedures (CO:057) (CS)

Performance Element: Apply active listening skills to demonstrate understanding of

what is being said.
Performance Indicators:
Explain communication techniques that support and encourage a speaker (CO:082) (PQ)
Follow oral directions (CO:119) (PQ)
Demonstrate active listening skills (CO:017) (PQ)

Performance Element: Apply verbal skills to obtain and convey information.

Performance Indicators:
Explain the nature of effective verbal communications (CO:147) (PQ)
Ask relevant questions (CO:058) (PQ)
Interpret others' nonverbal cues (CO:059) (PQ)
Provide legitimate responses to inquiries (CO:060) (PQ)
Give verbal directions (CO:083) (PQ)
Employ communication styles appropriate to target audience (CO:084) (CS)
Defend ideas objectively (CO:061) (CS)
Handle telephone calls in a businesslike manner (CO:114) (CS)
Participate in group discussions (CO:053) (CS)
Facilitate (lead) group discussions (CO:201) (SP)
Make oral presentations (CO:025) (SP)

Performance Element: Record information to maintain and present a report of business

activity.
Performance Indicators:
Utilize note-taking strategies (CO:085) (CS)
Organize information (CO:086) (CS)
Select and use appropriate graphic aids (CO:087) (CS)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 6

Performance Element: Write internal and external business correspondence to convey

and obtain information effectively.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the nature of effective written communications (CO:016) (CS)
Select and utilize appropriate formats for professional writing (CO:088) (CS)
Edit and revise written work consistent with professional standards (CO:089) (CS)
Write professional emails (CO:090) (CS)
Write business letters (CO:133) (CS)
Write informational messages (CO:039) (CS)
Write inquiries (CO:040) (CS)
Write persuasive messages (CO:031) (SP)
Write executive summaries (CO:091) (SP)
Prepare simple written reports (CO:094) (SP)
Explain how digital communications (e.g., email, text messages, chats) exposes business to
risk (CO:202) (SP)
Adapt written correspondence to targeted audiences (CO:203) (SP)
Use data visualization techniques (e.g., infographics, heat-maps, dynamic model outputs)
(CO:204) (SP)

Performance Element: Use social media to communicate with a business's stakeholders.

Performance Indicators:
Describe the impact of a person's social media brand on the achievement of organizational
objectives (CO:205) (CS)
Distinguish between using social media for business and personal purposes (CO:206) (CS)

Performance Element: Communicate with staff to clarify workplace objectives.

Performance Indicators:
Explain the nature of staff communication (CO:014) (CS)
Choose and use appropriate channel for workplace communication (CO:092) (CS)
Participate in a staff meeting (CO:063) (CS)
Participate in problem-solving groups (CO:067) (CS)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 7

Instructional Area: Customer Relations (CR)

Standard: Understands the techniques and strategies used to foster positive, ongoing
relationships with customers

Performance Element: Foster positive relationships with customers to enhance

company image.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the nature of positive customer relations (CR:003) (CS)
Demonstrate a customer-service mindset (CR:004) (CS)
Develop rapport with customers (CR:029) (CS)
Reinforce service orientation through communication (CR:005) (CS)
Respond to customer inquiries (CR:006) (CS)
Adapt communication to the cultural and social differences among clients (CR:019) (CS)
Interpret business policies to customers/clients (CR:007) (CS)
Build and maintain relationships with customers (CR:030) (SP)

Performance Element: Resolve conflicts with/for customers to encourage repeat

business.
Performance Indicators:
Handle difficult customers (CR:009) (CS)
Handle customer/client complaints (CR:010) (CS)

Performance Element: Reinforce company's image to exhibit the company's brand

promise.
Performance Indicators:
Identify company's brand promise (CR:001) (CS)
Determine ways of reinforcing the company's image through employee performance (CR:002)
(CS)

Performance Element: Understand the nature of customer relationship management to

show its contributions to a company.
Performance Indicators:
Discuss the nature of customer relationship management (CR:016) (SP)
Explain the role of ethics in customer relationship management (CR:017) (SP)
Describe the use of technology in customer relationship management (CR:018) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 8

Instructional Area: Economics (EC)

Standard: Understands the economic principles and concepts fundamental to business
operations

Performance Element: Understand fundamental economic concepts to obtain a

foundation for employment in business.
Performance Indicators:
Distinguish between economic goods and services (EC:002) (CS)
Explain the concept of economic resources (EC:003) (CS)
Describe the concepts of economics and economic activities (EC:001) (CS)
Determine economic utilities created by business activities (EC:004) (CS)
Explain the principles of supply and demand (EC:005) (CS)
Describe the functions of prices in markets (EC:006) (CS)

Performance Element: Understand the nature of business to show its contributions to

society.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the role of business in society (EC:070) (CS)
Describe types of business activities (EC:071) (CS)
Describe types of business models (EC:138) (SP)
Explain the organizational design of businesses (EC:103) (SP)
Discuss the global environment in which businesses operate (EC:104) (SP)
Describe factors that affect the business environment (EC:105) (SP)
Explain the nature of business ethics (EC:106) (SP)
Explain how organizations adapt to today's markets (EC:107) (SP)

Performance Element: Understand economic systems to be able to recognize the

environments in which businesses function.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the types of economic systems (EC:007) (CS)
Identify the impact of small business/entrepreneurship on market economies (EC:065) (CS)
Explain the concept of private enterprise (EC:009) (CS)
Identify factors affecting a business's profit (EC:010) (CS)
Determine factors affecting business risk (EC:011) (CS)
Explain the concept of competition (EC:012) (CS)

Performance Element: Acquire knowledge of the impact of government on business

activities to make informed economic decisions.
Performance Indicators:
Determine the relationship between government and business (EC:008) (CS)
Describe the nature of taxes (EC:072) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 9

Performance Element: Analyze cost/profit relationships to guide business decision-

making.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the concept of productivity (EC:013) (CS)
Analyze impact of specialization/division of labor on productivity (EC:014) (SP)
Explain the concept of organized labor and business (EC:015) (SP)
Explain the impact of the law of diminishing returns (EC:023) (SP)

Performance Element: Understand economic indicators to recognize economic trends

and conditions.
Performance Indicators:
Discuss the measure of consumer spending as an economic indicator (EC:081) (SP)
Describe the economic impact of inflation on business (EC:083) (SP)
Explain the concept of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (EC:017) (SP)
Discuss the impact of a nation's unemployment rates (EC:082) (SP)
Explain the economic impact of interest-rate fluctuations (EC:084) (SP)
Determine the impact of business cycles on business activities (EC:018) (SP)

Performance Element: Understand global trade's impact to aid business decision-

making.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the nature of global trade (EC:016) (SP)
Discuss the impact of globalization on business (EC:109) (SP)
Describe the determinants of exchange rates and their effects on the domestic economy
(EC:100) (SP)
Explain cultural considerations that impact global business relations (EC:110) (SP)
Discuss the impact of cultural and social environments on global trade (EC:045) (SP)
Describe the impact of electronic communication tools (e.g., Internet, video- and computer-
conferencing, webcasts, email) on global business activities (EC:111) (SP)
Explain the impact of major trade alliances on business activities (EC:112) (SP)
Describe the impact of the political environment on world trade (EC:113) (SP)
Explain the impact of geography on world trade (EC:114) (SP)
Describe the impact of a country's history on world trade (EC:115) (SP)
Explain the impact of a country's economic development on world trade (EC:116) (SP)
Discuss the impact of bribery and foreign monetary payments on business (EC:140) (SP)
Identify requirements for international business travel (e.g., passport, visa, proof of
citizenship, immunizations, and sponsorship letters) (EC:141) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 10

Instructional Area: Emotional Intelligence (EI)

Standard: Understands techniques, strategies, and systems used to foster self-
understanding and enhance relationships with others

Performance Element: Foster self-understanding to recognize the impact of personal

feelings on others.
Performance Indicators:
Describe the nature of emotional intelligence (EI:001) (PQ)
Explain the concept of self-esteem (EI:016) (PQ)
Recognize and overcome personal biases and stereotypes (EI:017) (PQ)
Assess personal strengths and weaknesses (EI:002) (PQ)
Assess personal behavior and values (EI:126) (PQ)*

Performance Element: Develop personal traits to foster career advancement.

Performance Indicators:
Identify desirable personality traits important to business (EI:018) (PQ)
Exhibit self-confidence (EI:023) (PQ)
Demonstrate interest and enthusiasm (EI:020) (PQ)
Demonstrate initiative (EI:024) (PQ)

Performance Element: Apply ethics to demonstrate trustworthiness.

Performance Indicators:
Demonstrate honesty and integrity (EI:022) (PQ)
Demonstrate responsible behavior (EI:021) (PQ)
Demonstrate fairness (EI:127) (PQ)*
Assess risks of personal decisions (EI:091) (PQ)*
Demonstrate ethical work habits (EI:004) (PQ)
Take responsibility for decisions and actions (EI:075) (PQ)
Build trust in relationships (EI:128) (CS)*
Describe the nature of ethics (EI:123) (CS)*
Explain reasons for ethical dilemmas (EI:124) (CS)*
Recognize and respond to ethical dilemmas (EI:125) (CS)*
Manage commitments in a timely manner (EI:077) (CS)
Develop tolerance for ambiguity (EI:092) (CS)*

Performance Element: Exhibit techniques to manage emotional reactions to people and

situations.
Performance Indicators:
Exhibit a positive attitude (EI:019) (PQ)
Demonstrate self-control (EI:025) (PQ)
Explain the use of feedback for personal growth (EI:003) (PQ)
Adjust to change (EI:026) (PQ)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 11

Performance Element: Identify with others' feelings, needs, and concerns to enhance
interpersonal relations.
Performance Indicators:
Respect the privacy of others (EI:029) (PQ)
Show empathy for others (EI:030) (PQ)
Maintain the confidentiality of others (EI:103) (CS)
Exhibit cultural sensitivity (EI:033) (CS)
Leverage personality types in business situations (EI:104) (SP)

Performance Element: Use communication skills to foster open, honest

communications.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the nature of effective communications (EI:007) (PQ)
Explain ethical considerations in providing information (EI:038) (SP)
Foster open, honest communication (EI:129) (SP)*
Collaborate with others (EI:130) (SP)*
Solicit feedback (EI:106) (SP)
Use social media to solicit new ideas and solutions (EI:107) (SP)

Performance Element: Use communication skills to influence others.

Performance Indicators:
“Sell” ideas to others (EI:108) (SP)
Persuade others (EI:012) (SP)
Demonstrate negotiation skills (EI:062) (SP)

Performance Element: Manage stressful situations to minimize potential negative

impact.
Performance Indicators:
Use appropriate assertiveness (EI:008) (PQ)
Use conflict-resolution skills (EI:015) (CS)
Explain the nature of office politics (EI:109) (CS)
Overcome problems and difficulties associated with office politics/turf wars (EI:095) (CS)
Explain the nature of stress management (EI:028) (SP)

Performance Element: Implement teamwork techniques to accomplish goals.

Performance Indicators:
Participate as a team member (EI:045) (CS)
Use consensus-building skills (EI:011) (SP)
Motivate team members (EI:059) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Copyright © 2017, MBA Research and Curriculum Center®
Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 12

Performance Element: Employ leadership skills to achieve workplace objectives.

Performance Indicators:
Explain the concept of leadership (EI:009) (CS)
Explain the nature of ethical leadership (EI:131) (CS)*
Model ethical behavior (EI:132) (CS)*
Determine personal vision (EI:063) (CS)
Inspire others (EI:133) (CS)*
Demonstrate adaptability (EI:006) (CS)
Develop an achievement orientation (EI:027) (CS)
Challenge the status quo (EI:134) (CS)*
Lead change (EI:005) (CS)
Enlist others in working toward a shared vision (EI:060) (CS)
Coach others (EI:041) (CS)
Use power appropriately (EI:135) (SP)*
Recognize/Reward others for their efforts and contributions (EI:014) (SP)*

Performance Element: Manage internal and external business relationships to foster

positive interactions.
Performance Indicators:
Treat others with dignity and respect (EI:036) (PQ)
Foster positive working relationships (EI:037) (CS)
Consider conflicting viewpoints (EI:136) (CS)*
Assess long-term value and impact of actions on others (EI:137) (SP)*
Maintain collaborative partnerships with colleagues (EI:061) (SP)
Explain the impact of political relationships within an organization (EI:034) (SP)
Explain the nature of organizational culture (EI:064) (SP)
Interpret and adapt to a business's culture (EI:112) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 13

Instructional Area: Entrepreneurship (EN)

Standard: Understands the concepts, processes, and skills associated with identifying
new ideas, opportunities, and methods and with creating or starting a new project or
venture

Performance Element: Understand fundamental factors about entrepreneurship to

recognize its role and importance in the economy
Performance Indicators:
Describe the nature of entrepreneurship (EN:039) (SP)
Explain the role requirements of entrepreneurs and owners (EN:040) (SP)
Describe small-business opportunities in international trade (EN:041) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 14

Instructional Area: Financial Analysis (FI)

Standard: Understands tools, strategies, and systems used to maintain, monitor,
control, and plan the use of financial resources

Performance Element: Understand the fundamental principles of money needed to

make financial exchanges.
Performance Indicators:
Explain forms of financial exchange (cash, credit, debit, electronic funds transfer, etc.)
(FI:058) (PQ)
Identify types of currency (paper money, coins, banknotes, government bonds, treasury
notes, etc.) (FI:059) (PQ)
Describe functions of money (medium of exchange, unit of measure, store of value) (FI:060)
(PQ)
Describe sources of income (wages/salaries, interest, rent, dividends, transfer payments, etc.)
(FI:061) (PQ)
Explain the time value of money (FI:062) (CS)
Explain the purposes and importance of credit (FI:002) (CS)
Explain legal responsibilities associated with financial exchanges (FI:063) (CS)

Performance Element: Analyze financial needs and goals to determine financial

requirements.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the nature of financial needs (e.g., college, retirement, wills, insurance, etc.) (FI:064)
(CS)
Explain the need to save and invest (FI:270) (CS)
Set financial goals (FI:065) (CS)
Develop personal budget (FI:066) (CS)
Determine personal net worth (FI:562) (CS)*

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 15

Performance Element: Manage personal finances to achieve financial goals.

Performance Indicators:
Explain the nature of tax liabilities (FI:067) (PQ)
Interpret a pay stub (FI:068) (PQ)
Prepare bank account documents (e.g., checks, deposit/withdrawal slips, endorsements,
etc.) (FI:560) (PQ)
Maintain financial records (FI:069) (PQ)
Read and reconcile bank statements (FI:070) (PQ)
Calculate the cost of credit (FI:782) (CS)*
Demonstrate the wise use of credit (FI:071) (CS)
Validate credit history (FI:072) (CS)
Make responsible financial decisions (FI:783) (CS)*
Protect against identity theft (FI:073) (CS)
Pay bills (FI:565) (CS)*
Apply for a consumer loan (FI:625) (SP)*
Control debt (FI:568) (CS)*
Prepare personal income tax forms (i.e., 1040 EZ form) (FI:074) (CS)
Discuss the nature of retirement planning (FI:569) (CS)*
Explain the nature of estate planning (FI:572) (CS)*

Performance Element: Understand the use of financial-services providers to aid in

financial-goal achievement.
Performance Indicators:
Describe types of financial-services providers (FI:075) (CS)
Discuss considerations in selecting a financial-services provider (FI:076) (CS)

Performance Element: Use investment strategies to ensure financial well-being.

Performance Indicators:
Explain types of investments (FI:077) (CS)

Performance Element: Use risk management products to protect a business’s financial

well-being.
Performance Indicators:
Describe the concept of insurance (FI:081) (CS)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 16

Performance Element: Acquire a foundational knowledge of accounting to understand

its nature and scope.
Performance Indicators:
Describe the need for financial information (FI:579) (CS)
Explain the concept of accounting (FI:085) (CS)
Discuss the role of ethics in accounting (FI:351) (SP)
Explain the use of technology in accounting (FI:352) (SP)
Explain legal considerations for accounting (FI:353) (SP)

Performance Element: Implement accounting procedures to track money flow and to

determine financial status.
Performance Indicators:
Describe the nature of cash flow statements (FI:091) (SP)
Explain the nature of balance sheets (FI:093) (SP)
Describe the nature of income statements (FI:094) (SP)

Performance Element: Acquire a foundational knowledge of finance to understand its

nature and scope.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the role of finance in business (FI:354) (CS)
Discuss the role of ethics in finance (FI:355) (SP)
Explain legal considerations for finance (FI:356) (SP)

Performance Element: Manage financial resources to ensure solvency.

Performance Indicators:
Describe the nature of budgets (FI:106) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 17

Instructional Area: Human Resources Management (HR)

Standard: Understands the tools, techniques, and systems that businesses use to plan,
staff, lead, and organize its human resources

Performance Element: Understand the role and function of human resources

management to obtain a foundational knowledge of its nature and scope.
Performance Indicators:
Discuss the nature of human resources management (HR:410) (CS)
Explain the role of ethics in human resources management (HR:411) (SP)
Describe the use of technology in human resources management (HR:412) (SP)

Performance Element: Manage staff growth and development to increase productivity

and employee satisfaction.
Performance Indicators:
Orient new employees (HR:360) (CS)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 18

Instructional Area: Marketing (MK)

Standard: Understands the tools, techniques, and systems that businesses use to create
exchanges and satisfy organizational objectives

Performance Element: Understand marketing's role and function in business to

facilitate economic exchanges with customers.
Performance Indicators:
Explain marketing and its importance in a global economy (MK:001) (CS)
Describe marketing functions and related activities (MK:002) (CS)

Performance Element: Acquire foundational knowledge of customer/client/business

behavior to understand what motivates decision-making.
Performance Indicators:
Explain factors that influence customer/client/business buying behavior (MK:014) (SP)
Discuss actions employees can take to achieve the company's desired results (MK:015) (SP)
Demonstrate connections between company actions and results (e.g., influencing consumer
buying behavior, gaining market share, etc.) (MK:019) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 19

Instructional Area: Information Management (NF)

Standard: Understands tools, strategies, and systems needed to access, process,
maintain, evaluate, and disseminate information to assist business decision-making

Performance Element: Use information literacy skills to increase workplace efficiency

and effectiveness.
Performance Indicators:
Assess information needs (NF:077) (CS)
Obtain needed information efficiently (NF:078) (CS)
Evaluate quality and source of information (NF:079) (CS)
Draw conclusions based on information analysis (NF:278) (CS)*
Apply information to accomplish a task (NF:080) (CS)
Store information for future use (NF:081) (CS)

Performance Element: Acquire a foundational knowledge of information management

to understand its nature and scope.
Performance Indicators:
Discuss the nature of information management (NF:110) (CS)
Explain the role of ethics in information management (NF:111) (SP)
Explain legal issues associated with information management (NF:076) (SP)

Performance Element: Utilize information-technology tools to manage and perform

work responsibilities.
Performance Indicators:
Identify ways that technology impacts business (NF:003) (PQ)
Explain the role of information systems (NF:083) (PQ)
Discuss principles of computer systems (NF:084) (PQ)
Use basic operating systems (NF:085) (PQ)
Describe the scope of the Internet (NF:086) (PQ)
Demonstrate basic e-mail functions (NF:004) (PQ)
Demonstrate personal information management/productivity applications (NF:005) (PQ)
Demonstrate basic web-search skills (NF:006) (PQ)
Demonstrate basic word processing skills (NF:007) (PQ)
Demonstrate basic presentation applications (NF:008) (PQ)
Demonstrate basic database applications (NF:009) (PQ)
Demonstrate basic spreadsheet applications (NF:010) (PQ)
Use an integrated business software application package (NF:088) (CS)
Demonstrate collaborative/groupware applications (NF:011) (CS)
Create and post basic web page (NF:042) (CS)
Collaborate on and aggregate complex internal documents to create a common voice
(NF:215) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 20

Performance Element: Maintain business records to facilitate business operations.

Performance Indicators:
Describe the nature of business records (NF:001) (SP)
Maintain customer records (NF:002) (SP)

Performance Element: Acquire information to guide business decision-making.

Performance Indicators:
Describe current business trends (NF:013) (SP)
Monitor internal records for business information (NF:014) (SP)
Conduct an environmental scan to obtain business information (NF:015) (SP)
Interpret statistical findings (NF:093) (SP)
Translate research findings into actionable business recommendations (NF:216) (SP)

Performance Element: Create and access databases to acquire information for business
decision-making.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the principles of data analysis (NF:139) (SP)
Explain the nature of tools that can be used to access information in the database system
(NF:140) (SP)
Access information in the database system (NF:141) (SP)

Performance Element: Apply data mining methods to acquire pertinent information for
business decision-making.
Performance Indicators:
Discuss the nature of data mining (NF:148) (CS)
Describe data mining tools and techniques (NF:149) (SP)
Discuss the importance of ethics in data mining (NF:150) (SP)
Demonstrate basic data mining techniques (NF:151) (SP)
Interpret data mining findings (NF:152) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 21

Instructional Area: Operations (OP)

Standard: Understands the processes and systems implemented to monitor, plan, and
control the day-to-day activities required for continued business functioning

Performance Element: Understand operation's role and function in business to value its
contribution to a company.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the nature of operations (OP:189) (CS)
Discuss the role of ethics in operations (OP:190) (SP)
Describe the use of technology in operations (OP:191) (SP)

Performance Element: Adhere to health and safety regulations to support a safe work
environment.
Performance Indicators:
Describe health and safety regulations in business (OP:004) (PQ)
Report noncompliance with business health and safety regulations (OP:005) (PQ)

Performance Element: Implement safety procedures to minimize loss.

Performance Indicators:
Follow instructions for use of equipment, tools, and machinery (OP:006) (PQ)
Follow safety precautions (OP:007) (PQ)
Maintain a safe work environment (OP:008) (CS)
Explain procedures for handling accidents (OP:009) (CS)
Handle and report emergency situations (OP:010) (CS)

Performance Element: Implement security policies/procedures to minimize chance for

loss.
Performance Indicators:
Explain routine security precautions (OP:013) (CS)
Follow established security procedures/policies (OP:152) (CS)
Protect company information and intangibles (OP:153) (CS)

Performance Element: Comply with security rules, regulations, and codes (e.g.,
property, privacy, access, confidentiality) to protect customer and company
information, reputation, and image.
Performance Indicators:
Explain information privacy, security, and confidentiality considerations in business (OP:441)
(CS)
Maintain data security (OP:064) (CS)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Performance Element: Utilize project-management skills to improve workflow and

minimize costs.
Performance Indicators:
Plan project (OP:519) (CS)*
Monitor projects and take corrective actions (OP:520) (CS)*
Evaluate project success (OP:521) (CS)*
Explain the nature of project management (OP:158) (SP)
Identify resources needed for project (OP:003) (SP)
Develop project plan (OP:001) (SP)
Apply project-management tools to monitor and communicate project progress (OP:002) (SP)
Evaluate project results (OP:159) (SP)

Performance Element: Implement purchasing activities to obtain business supplies,

equipment, resources, and services.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the nature and scope of purchasing (OP:015) (CS)
Place orders/reorders (OP:016) (CS)
Maintain inventory of supplies (OP:031) (CS)
Discuss the importance of utilizing ethical purchasing methods (OP:246) (SP)
Explain the impact of the purchasing process on productivity (OP:247) (SP)
Manage the bid process in purchasing (OP:160) (SP)
Select vendors (OP:161) (SP)
Evaluate vendor performance (OP:162) (SP)

Performance Element: Understand production's role and function in business to

recognize its need in an organization.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the concept of production (OP:017) (CS)

Performance Element: Implement quality-control processes to minimize errors and to

expedite workflow.
Performance Indicators:
Identify quality-control measures (OP:163) (SP)
Utilize quality control methods at work (OP:164) (SP)
Describe crucial elements of a quality culture (OP:019) (SP)

Performance Element: Implement expense-control strategies to enhance a business's

financial wellbeing.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the nature of overhead/operating costs (OP:024) (SP)
Explain employee's role in expense control (OP:025) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Performance Element: Maintain property and equipment to facilitate ongoing business

activities.
Performance Indicators:
Comply with policies and procedures for use of property and equipment (OP:442) (CS)

Performance Element: Understand supply chain management role to recognize its need
in business.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the concept of supply chain (OP:443) (CS)
Explain the benefits of supply chain collaboration (OP:444) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 24

Instructional Area: Professional Development (PD)

Standard: Understands concepts, tools, and strategies used to explore, obtain, and
develop in a business career

Performance Element: Acquire self-development skills to enhance relationships and

improve efficiency in the work environment.
Performance Indicators:
Maintain appropriate personal appearance (PD:002) (PQ)
Demonstrate systematic behavior (PD:009) (PQ)
Set personal goals (PD:018) (CS)
Balance personal and professional responsibilities (PD:179) (SP)

Performance Element: Understand and follow company rules and regulations to

maintain employment.
Performance Indicators:
Adhere to company protocols and policies (PD:250) (CS)
Follow rules of conduct (PD:251) (CS)
Follow chain of command (PD:252) (CS)

Performance Element: Achieve organizational goals to contribute to company growth.

Performance Indicators:
Determine the nature of organizational goals (PD:254) (SP)
Ascertain employee's role in meeting organizational goals (PD:255) (SP)

Performance Element: Utilize critical-thinking skills to determine best

options/outcomes.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the need for innovation skills (PD:126) (CS)
Make decisions (PD:017) (CS)
Demonstrate problem-solving skills (PD:077) (CS)
Demonstrate appropriate creativity (PD:012) (SP)
Use time-management skills (PD:019) (SP)

Performance Element: Participate in career planning to enhance job-success potential.

Performance Indicators:
Assess personal interests and skills needed for success in business (PD:013) (PQ)
Analyze employer expectations in the business environment (PD:020) (PQ)
Explain the rights of workers (PD:021) (PQ)
Identify sources of career information (PD:022) (CS)
Identify tentative occupational interest (PD:023) (CS)
Explain employment opportunities in business (PD:025) (CS)
Explain career opportunities in entrepreneurship (PD:066) (CS)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Performance Element: Implement job-seeking skills to obtain employment.

Performance Indicators:
Utilize job-search strategies (PD:026) (PQ)
Complete a job application (PD:027) (PQ)
Interview for a job (PD:028) (PQ)
Write a follow-up letter after job interviews (PD:029) (CS)
Write a letter of application (PD:030) (CS)
Prepare a résumé (PD:031) (CS)
Use networking techniques to identify employment opportunities (PD:037) (SP)

Performance Element: Utilize career-advancement activities to enhance professional

development.
Performance Indicators:
Describe techniques for obtaining work experience (e.g., volunteer activities, internships)
(PD:032) (PQ)
Explain the need for ongoing education as a worker (PD:033) (PQ)
Explain possible advancement patterns for jobs (PD:034) (PQ)
Identify skills needed to enhance career progression (PD:035) (SP)
Utilize resources that can contribute to professional development (e.g., trade
journals/periodicals, professional/trade associations, classes/seminars, trade shows, and
mentors) (PD:036) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Instructional Area: Strategic Management (SM)

Standard: Understands tools, techniques, and systems that affect a business's ability to
plan, control, and organize an organization/department

Performance Element: Recognize management's role to understand its contribution to

business success.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the concept of management (SM:001) (CS)

Performance Element: Identify potential business threats and opportunities to protect a

business’s financial well-being.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the nature of risk management (SM:075) (SP)
Conduct a risk assessment of an event (SM:076) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 2: Business Management and Administration Career Cluster Page 27

The Business Management and Administration Career Cluster performance indicators will
be used when preparing for all exams, role-play scenarios, and case studies in the following
events:

 Business Law and Ethics Decision Making

 Human Resources Management Series

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Instructional Area: Business Law (BL)

Standard: Understands business's responsibility to know, abide by, and enforce laws
and regulations that affect business operations and transactions

Performance Element: Acquire foundational knowledge of the legal environment in

which businesses operate to protect the company’s well-being.
Performance Indicators:
Describe factors affecting the settlement of legal matters (BL:159) (SP)
Describe the litigation process (BL:160) (SP)
Discuss the arbitration/mediation process (BL:161) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Instructional Area: Communication Skills (CO)

Standard: Understands the concepts, strategies, and systems used to obtain and convey
ideas and information

Performance Element: Write internal and external business correspondence to convey

and obtain information effectively.
Performance Indicators:
Write analytical reports (i.e., reports that examine a problem/issue and recommend an
action) (CO:185) (SP)
Write research reports (CO:186) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 2: Business Management and Administration Career Cluster Page 30

Instructional Area: Financial Analysis (FI)

Standard: Understands tools, strategies, and systems used to maintain, monitor,
control, and plan the use of financial resources

Performance Element: Manage financial resources to ensure solvency.

Performance Indicators:
Interpret cash-flow statements (FI:541) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Instructional Area: Information Management (NF)

Standard: Understands tools, strategies, and systems needed to access, process,
maintain, evaluate, and disseminate information to assist business decision-making

Performance Element: Utilize information-technology tools to manage and perform

work responsibilities.
Performance Indicators:
Utilize project-management software (NF:130) (SP)

Performance Element: Utilize technology to support business strategies and operations.

Performance Indicators:
Adhere to data change best practices (NF:264) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Tier 2: Business Management and Administration Career Cluster Page 32

Instructional Area: Operations (OP)

Standard: Understands the processes and systems implemented to monitor, plan, and
control the day-to-day activities required for continued business functioning

Performance Element: Understand operation's role and function in business to value its
contribution to a company.
Performance Indicators:
Discuss legal considerations in operations (OP:339) (SP)

Performance Element: Comply with security rules, regulations, and codes (e.g.,
property, privacy, access, confidentiality) to protect customer and company
information, reputation, and image.
Performance Indicators:
Comply with strategies for protecting business' digital assets (e.g., website, social media,
email, etc.) (OP:517) (SP)
Comply with strategies to protect digital customer data (e.g., information about customers,
customers' credit-card numbers, passwords, customer transactions) (OP:518) (SP)

Performance Element: Implement purchasing activities to obtain business supplies,

equipment, resources, and services.
Performance Indicators:
Describe types of purchase orders (OP:250) (CS)
Discuss types of inventory (OP:336) (CS)

Performance Element: Develop an understanding of business analysis to improve

business functions and activities.
Performance Indicators:
Discuss the nature of business analysis (OP:327) (SP)
Discuss business process thinking and its impact (OP:474) (SP)
Describe the factors that influence business process design (OP:475) (SP)
Explain the causes of business process changes (OP:476) (SP)

Performance Element: Understand supply chain management role to recognize its need
in business.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the impact of supply chain on business performance (e.g., value, customer
satisfaction, business design, sustainability) (OP:477) (SP)
Describe the impact of technology on supply chain management (OP:478) (SP)
Describe supply chain networks (OP:479) (SP)
Discuss global supply chain issues (OP:480) (SP)
Discuss the nature of supply chain management (OP:303) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Performance Element: Maintain work flow to enhance productivity.

Performance Indicators:
Organize and prioritize work (OP:228) (CS)
Coordinate work with that of team members (OP:230) (CS)
Monitor and ensure completion of delegated tasks (OP:354) (SP)
Streamline work processes (OP:355) (SP)

Performance Element: Manage purchasing activities to obtain the best service/product

at the least cost.
Performance Indicators:
Maintain vendor/supplier relationships (OP:241) (SP)
Negotiate terms with vendors in business (OP:337) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Instructional Area: Professional Development (PD)

Standard: Understands concepts, tools, and strategies used to explore, obtain, and
develop in a business career

Performance Element: Participate in career planning to enhance job-success potential.

Performance Indicators:
Discuss employment opportunities in business management and administration (PD:297)
(CS)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Instructional Area: Strategic Management (SM)

Standard: Understands tools, techniques, and systems that affect a business's ability to
plan, control, and organize an organization/department

Performance Element: Recognize management's role to understand its contribution to

business success.
Performance Indicators:
Discuss the nature of managerial planning (SM:063) (SP)
Explain managerial considerations in organizing (SM:064) (SP)
Describe managerial considerations in staffing (SM:065) (SP)
Discuss managerial considerations in directing (SM:066) (SP)
Describe the nature of managerial control (control process, types of control, what is
controlled) (SM:004) (SP)

Performance Element: Adapt to and manage change within an organization to

accomplish organizational objectives.
Performance Indicators:
Describe relationship among innovation, learning, and change (SM:094) (CS)
Explain the nature of change management (SM:095) (SP)
Explain the change-management lifecycle (SM:096) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Instructional Area: Knowledge Management (KM)

Standard: Understands the systems, strategies, and techniques used to collect,
organize, analyze, and share information known in an organization

Performance Element: Acquire a foundational understanding of knowledge

management to understand its nature and scope.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the nature of knowledge management (KM:001) (SP)
Discuss the role of ethics in knowledge management (KM:002) (SP)
Explain the use of technology in knowledge management (KM:003) (SP)
Explain legal considerations for knowledge management (KM:004) (SP)

Performance Element: Use knowledge management strategies to improve the

performance and competitive advantage of an organization.
Performance Indicators:
Identify techniques that can be used to capture and transfer knowledge in an organization
(KM:005) (SP)
Apply knowledge management processes (KM:018) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Instructional Area: Project Management (PJ)

Standard: Understands tools, techniques, and systems that are used to plan,
implement, monitor, and evaluate business projects

Performance Element: Utilize project management skills to start, run, and end projects.
Performance Indicators:
Initiate project (PJ:005) (SP)
Prepare work breakdown structure (WBS) (PJ:006) (SP)
Execute and control projects (PJ:009) (SP)
Manage project team (PJ:007) (SP)
Manage project schedule (PJ:010) (SP)
Close project (PJ:008) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Instructional Area: Quality Management (QM)

Standard: Understands the need for standards and the strategies and techniques used
to implement, monitor, and evaluate them

Performance Element: Understand the role and function of quality management to

obtain a foundational knowledge of its nature and scope.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the nature of quality management (QM:001) (SP)
Describe the nature of quality management frameworks (e.g., Six Sigma, ITIL, CMMI) (QM:002)
(SP)
Discuss the need for continuous improvement of the quality process (QM:003) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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Instructional Area: Risk Management (RM)

Standard: Understands risk-management strategies and techniques used to minimize
business loss

Performance Element: Acquire a foundational understanding of risk management to

demonstrate knowledge of its nature and scope.
Performance Indicators:
Explain the role of ethics in risk management (RM:041) (SP)
Describe the use of technology in risk management (RM:042) (SP)
Discuss legal considerations affecting risk management (RM:043) (SP)
Describe international considerations affecting risk management (RM:092) (SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

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