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45 TCP Congestion Window Size As A Function of Time

This document contains a quiz about TCP with two problems. Problem 1 asks about TCP acknowledgments, specifically how much data is in the first segment of two back-to-back segments and what the acknowledgment number would be if the first is lost. Problem 2 shows a graph of TCP congestion window size over time and asks questions about slow start, congestion avoidance, and congestion control thresholds at different transmission rounds.

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Abir Alam
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98 views

45 TCP Congestion Window Size As A Function of Time

This document contains a quiz about TCP with two problems. Problem 1 asks about TCP acknowledgments, specifically how much data is in the first segment of two back-to-back segments and what the acknowledgment number would be if the first is lost. Problem 2 shows a graph of TCP congestion window size over time and asks questions about slow start, congestion avoidance, and congestion control thresholds at different transmission rounds.

Uploaded by

Abir Alam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Networks and Protocols Course: 320301

International University Bremen Date: 2006-11-07


Dr. Jürgen Schönwälder Time: 10 min.

Quiz Sheet #3

Problem 3.1: TCP acknowledgments (1+1=2 points)

Suppose host A sends two TCP segments back to back to host B over a TCP connection. The first
segment has sequence number 90; the second has sequence number 110.

a) How much data is in the first segment?


b) Suppose the first segment is lost but the second segment arrives at B. In the acknowledgment
that host B sends to host A, what will be the acknowledgment number?

Solution:

a) The first segment contains 110 − 90 = 20 bytes of data.


b) TCP acknowledgments are cumulative and hence host B will acknowledge that it has received
everything up to and excluding sequence number 90.

Problem 3.2: TCP congestion control (1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1=8 points)

The following plot shows the TCP congestion window size as a function of time.

TCP congestion window size as a function of time


45
congestion window size (segments)

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
transmission round

Assume that the TCP implementation supports fast retransmit / fast recovery. Please answer the
following questions:

a) Identify the intervals of time when TCP slow start is operating.


b) Identify the intervals of time when TCP congestion avoidance is operating.
c) After the round 16, is segment loss detected by duplicate ACKs or by a timeout?
d) After the round 22, is segment loss detected by duplicate ACKs or by a timeout?
e) What is the initial threshold for the first transmission round?

f) What is the threshold at the 18th transmission round?

g) What is the threshold at the 24th transmission round?

h) During what transmission round is the 70th segment sent?

Solution:

a) [1,6] and [23,26] because the window is increasing exponentially.

b) [6,16] and [17,22] because the window increases additively

c) Segment loss is recognized by duplicate ACKs. If there was a timeout, the congestion window
size would have dropped to 1.

d) Segment loss is detected due to timeout, and hence the congestion window size is set to 1

e) The threshold is initially 32, since it is at this window size that slow start stops and congestion
avoidance begins. (Note that the threshold does not have to be precisely 32.)

f) The threshold is set to half the value of the congestion window when packet loss is detected.
When loss is detected during transmission round 16, the congestion windows size is 42. Hence
the threshold is 21 during the 18th transmission round.

g) The threshold is set to half the value of the congestion window when packet loss is detected.
When loss is detected during transmission round 24, the congestion windows size is 26. Hence
the threshold is 13 during the 24th transmission round.

h) During the 1st transmission round, packet 1 is sent; packet 2-3 are sent in the 2nd transmission
round; packets 4-7 are sent in the 3rd transmission round; packets 8-15 are sent in the 4th
transmission round; packets16-31 are sent in the 5th transmission round; packets 32-63 are
sent in the 6th transmission round; packets 64-96 are sent in the 7th transmission round.
Thus packet 70 is sent in the 7th transmission round.

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