MAPÚA UNIVERSITY

School of EECE
Intramuros, Manila

Experiment #5
Computer-Aided Software AC Circuit Analysis Simulation in Network
Theorems

Dotimas, Winvel P. Group No. 2

Date Submitted:
February 21, 2018
EE103L-B6
Score
Date Performed:
February 14, 2018
Engr. Ezperanza E. Chua
Instructor
Preliminary Data Sheet
Calculations:
Procedure:

I. Superposition Theorem
a. Sources Operating at Same Frequencies
i. Is the total response of the circuit when the two sources are
activated (turned on) equal to the total response of the circuit by
adding the individual responses of the circuit? If not, cite possible
reason.
1. Yes, they are almost equal.
ii. How do you combine the individual responses of the circuit?
1. 𝑭𝑹𝑴𝑺 = √(𝑭𝟏𝑹𝑴𝑺 )𝟐 + (𝑭𝟐𝑹𝑴𝑺 )𝟐 + (𝑭𝟑𝑹𝑴𝑺 )𝟐 + ⋯
b. Sources Operating at Different Frequencies
i. To get the total response of the circuit with sources operating at
different frequencies, can you combine the individual responses of
the circuit vectorially? Justify your answer.
1. The phasor response can be added vectorially. But
because we are dealing with purely resistive circuits
in reality, we can add different frequency by adding
the magnitude of each in vector addition.

II. Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorem

Interpretation of Results:

During the experiment, we verify Superposition, Thevenin and Norton’s Theorem

using AC circuit analysis with the aid of TinaPro. We know from previous experiments

that the laws in dc network theorems also applies in ac networks except for resistances

to which is replaced by impedances that are used in taking phasor sums instead of

algebraic sum of voltages and currents.

In Table 5.1, we verify the Superposition Theorem using Figure 5.1 as the ac

network. In here, we have two sources, a current source set at 5 ARMS and a voltage

source set at 10 VRMS, which operates at the same frequency at 60 Hz. After getting the

simulated values, we then get its calculated values by getting the sum of the individual

responses of the circuit when one source is turned off. In here, we get 213.37 mA,

compared to the 208.57 mA we got earlier from the simulated values. We then further

compute using mesh and nodal analysis of the same circuit and compare it against the

total response of the circuit. In the next part, we have the same circuit but now

operates at different frequencies in which the current source is given 60 Hz and the

voltage source is given 50 Hz. We did the same procedure for getting the simulated

values in which we get the reading when both sources are on and one reading each for

when one source is off. The difference here is when getting the total response of the

circuit, we cannot add them vectorially due to the sources having different frequencies,

instead we will use this formula: FRMS = √(𝐹1𝑅𝑀𝑆

2 2
+ 𝐹2𝑅𝑀𝑆 2
+ 𝐹3𝑅𝑀𝑆 + . . . ) in which it is

defined as a composite function. On the experiment, we simply get the square root of
the sum of the squared of each individual response when one source is turned off and

the answer is like our simulated values which is 144.01 mA.

Then for table 5.2, we followed figure 5.2 in which the circuit has now terminals

a and b. We first get the simulated values of each Thevenin’ Equivalent Voltage and

Norton’s equivalent current by plugging in to the terminals a voltmeter and ammeter,

respectively. Then, we again confirm it through mesh and nodal analysis. After that, we

can now get its Thevenin’s Equivalent Impedance through VTH / IN which has a value of

102.273 Ω (209.66V / 2.050A). Then we get another simulated value in which we will

plug in the terminals a and b a 1 kΩ resistor, and calculate the load current and load

voltage that it obtains through TinaPro. Then, for counter checking, we get the same

values using mesh and nodal analysis.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, we proved the theorem of Superposition, Thevenin and Norton

through analysis of AC circuits using TinaPro.

In superposition theorem, we have proved that in an AC circuit, the total

response is the sum of the individual responses in which one of its source is turned off.

But during our experiment, we have proven this only to be true when the sources are

operating at the same frequency. However, when the sources have different

frequencies, it is required to use a different formula in which we will now get the square

root of the sum of the squared of each individual response when one source is turned

off or in formula: FRMS = √(𝐹1𝑅𝑀𝑆

2 2
+ 𝐹2𝑅𝑀𝑆 2
+ 𝐹3𝑅𝑀𝑆 + . . . ).

In Thevenin’s Theorem, we have proved in AC circuit that the complex circuit

could be transformed in a simple Thevenin equivalent circuit in which it is the same as

in Norton’s Theorem in which the complex circuit could be transformed into a simple

Norton Equivalent circuit. Now, we could simply get its Thevenin’ Equivalent Voltage

and Norton’s Equivalent current, enabling as to get the Thevenin’s equivalent

impedance. Through this, we have verified both theorems with the resulting load

current and load voltage to be in the same magnitude.

Final Data Sheet

Table 5.1:

SUPERPOSITION THEOREM
SOURES OPERATING AT BASED ON SIMULATED VALUES
SAME FREQUENCIES
Current Source Voltage Source Ammeter Reading Voltmeter Reading
(IL) (VL)
mARms VRms
On On 208.57 208.57

On Off 203.42 203.42

Off On 9.95 9.95

Calculated Values of Parameters

Ammeter Reading Voltmeter Reading

(IL) (VL)
mARms VRms

Total Response of the Circuit 213.37 213.37

(Adding the Individual Response)
MESH ANALYSIS 208.58 208.57

NODAL ANALYSIS 225.70 225.70

SOURCES OPERATING AT BASED ON SIMULATED VALUES

DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
Current Source Voltage Source Ammeter Reading Voltmeter Reading
(IL) (VL)
mARms VRms

On On 144.01 144.01

On Off 143.84 143.84

Off On 7.05 7.05

Calculated Values of Parameters

Ammeter Reading Voltmeter Reading

(IL) (VL)
 mARms VRms

Total Response of the Circuit 144.01 144.01

Table 5.2:

THEVENIN’S AND NORTON’S THEOREM

Thevenin’s Equivalent Norton’s Equivalent Circuit

Voltage (VTH) VRMS (IN) mARms

Based on Simulated Values 209.66 2050

MESH ANALYSIS 204.48 2000

NODAL ANALYSIS 221.79 2169

Thevenin’s Equivalent Impedance (ZTH) Ω

Based on Simulated Values 102.273 Ω

ZTH= VTH / IN
Based on Analytical 102.24 Ω
Solution

Calculated Values of Parameters

Load Current (IL) Load Voltage (VL)

mARms VRMS
Based on Simulated Values 208.57 208.57

MESH ANALYSIS 203.42 203.42

NODAL ANALYSIS 220.62 220.62