clear

close all

%This script estimates the Transmission Line Parameters of an

%untransposed Line using the methods proposed by Di-Shi & Lowe. A

%sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the performance of the

%untransposed methods when noise is present in the PMU measurements

%There are a total of three functions that are called upon in this script.

%The names and purpose of these functions are as follows:

% TL_parameters -- contains the distributed transmission line parameter

% values as calculated by ATP. The lumped parameter values are found by

% multiplying by a user selected line length

%create_measurements -- this function creates a set of PMU measurements

%using the transmission line parameter values. It also adds noise to the

%measurements based on selections made by the user

%analyze -- this function analyzes the results of the parameter

%estimations. It finds the mean, standard deviation, and percent deviation

%for every parameter. This information is passed back to the script for

%plotting purposes

%BEGIN-----------------------------------------------------------------
----

%enter the number of successive estimations that are performed

%take the mean/std of the result to use for analysis

num_est = 1;

%enter number of measurements to be used per estimation

num_meas = 500;

%enter type of noise present in measurements (1 = bias, 2 = random)

type = 1;

%enter the percent deviation in noise

% PSD = (0:0.001:0.02)';
PSD = 0;

%enter which measurement has the noise

%1 = VS %2 = IS %3 = VR %4 = IR

%5 = ALL

pick = 5;

%enter whether or not data should be recorded ( 1 = yes, 2 = no)

write = 2;

%initialize matrices that hold parameters value for each estimation

Shi_R = zeros(num_est,6);

Shi_X = zeros(num_est,6);

Shi_B = zeros(num_est,6);

Lowe_R = zeros(num_est,6);

Lowe_X = zeros(num_est,6);

Lowe_B = zeros(num_est,6);

deter = zeros(num_est, 1);

%initialize matrices that hold percent deviation values for plotting

Shi_PDR = zeros(length(PSD),6);

Shi_PDX = zeros(length(PSD),6);

Shi_PDB = zeros(length(PSD),6);

Lowe_PDR = zeros(length(PSD),6);

Lowe_PDX = zeros(length(PSD),6);

Lowe_PDB = zeros(length(PSD),6);

detmn = zeros(length(PSD),1);

%ESTIMATE--------------------------------------------------------------
------

for m = 1:length(PSD)

end

for e = 1:num_est

%obtain PMU measurements

[VabcS, IabcS, VabcR, IabcR] =

create_measurements(num_meas,type,PSD(m,1),pick);

%initalize loop variables

k = 0; %counter variable
X = zeros(num_meas*6,36);

Y = zeros(num_meas*6,1);

S = zeros(num_meas*12,18);

W = zeros(num_meas*12,1);

end

for n = 1:num_meas

%assign receiving end voltages and current values

Var = VabcR(n,1);

Vbr = VabcR(n,2);

Vcr = VabcR(n,3);

Iar = IabcR(n,1);

Ibr = IabcR(n,2);

Icr = IabcR(n,3);

Vas = VabcS(n,1);

Vbs = VabcS(n,2);

Vcs = VabcS(n,3);

%initialize matrices that hold parameters value for each estimation

Shi_R = zeros(num_est,6);

Shi_X = zeros(num_est,6);

Shi_B = zeros(num_est,6);

Lowe_R = zeros(num_est,6);

Lowe_X = zeros(num_est,6);

Lowe_B = zeros(num_est,6);

deter = zeros(num_est, 1);

%initialize matrices that hold percent deviation values for plotting

Shi_PDR = zeros(length(PSD),6);

Shi_PDX = zeros(length(PSD),6);

Shi_PDB = zeros(length(PSD),6);

Lowe_PDR = zeros(length(PSD),6);

Lowe_PDX = zeros(length(PSD),6);

Lowe_PDB = zeros(length(PSD),6);

detmn = zeros(length(PSD),1);
end

%ESTIMATE--------------------------------------------------------------
------

for m = 1:length(PSD)

end

for e = 1:num_est

%obtain PMU measurements

[VabcS, IabcS, VabcR, IabcR] =

create_measurements(num_meas,type,PSD(m,1),pick);

%initalize loop variables

k = 0; %counter variable

X = zeros(num_meas*6,36);

Y = zeros(num_meas*6,1);

S = zeros(num_meas*12,18);

W = zeros(num_meas*12,1);

end

for n = 1:num_meas

%assign receiving end voltages and current values

Var = VabcR(n,1);

Vbr = VabcR(n,2);

Vcr = VabcR(n,3);

Iar = IabcR(n,1);

Ibr = IabcR(n,2);

Icr = IabcR(n,3);

Vas = VabcS(n,1);

Vbs = VabcS(n,2);

Vcs = VabcS(n,3);

Ias = IabcS(n,1);

Ibs = IabcS(n,2);

Ics = IabcS(n,3);

%index variables increment to fill coeff. & measurement matrices

%(Lowe Method)

index1 = 1 + k*6;
index2 = 2 + k*6;

index3 = 3 + k*6;

index4 = 4 + k*6;

index5 = 5 + k*6;

index6 = 6 + k*6;

%index variables (Di-Shi Method)

ind1 = 1 + k*12;

ind2 = 2 + k*12;

ind3 = 3 + k*12;

ind4 = 4 + k*12;

ind5 = 5 + k*12;

ind6 = 6 + k*12;

ind7 = 7 + k*12;

ind8 = 8 + k*12;

ind9 = 9 + k*12;

ind10 = 10 + k*12;

ind11 = 11 + k*12;

ind12 = 12 + k*12;

%fill coeff. and measurement matrices (Lowe Method)

X(index1,:) = [Var Vbr Vcr zeros(1,6) Iar Ibr Icr zeros(1,24)];

X(index2,:) = [zeros(1,3) Var Vbr Vcr zeros(1,6) Iar Ibr Icr zeros(1,21)];

X(index3,:) = [zeros(1,6) Var Vbr Vcr zeros(1,6) Iar Ibr Icr zeros(1,18)];

X(index4,:) = [zeros(1,18) Var Vbr Vcr zeros(1,6) Iar Ibr Icr zeros(1,6)];

X(index5,:) = [zeros(1,21) Var Vbr Vcr zeros(1,6) Iar Ibr Icr zeros(1,3)];

X(index6,:) = [zeros(1,24) Var Vbr Vcr zeros(1,6) Iar Ibr Icr];

Y(index1,1) = Vas;

Y(index2,1) = Vbs;

Y(index3,1) = Vcs;

Y(index4,1) = Ias;

Y(index5,1) = Ibs;

Y(index6,1) = Ics;

%fill coeff. and measurement matrices (Di-Shi)

S(ind1,:) = [ real(Vas) - real(Var), imag(Var) - imag(Vas), 0, 0, 0, 0,
real(Vbs) - real(Vbr), imag(Vbr) - imag(Vbs), real(Vcs) - real(Vcr),
imag(Vcr) - imag(Vcs), 0, 0, imag(Var)/2, 0, 0, imag(Vbr)/2, imag(Vcr)/2,
0];

S(ind2,:) = [ 0, 0, real(Vbs) - real(Vbr), imag(Vbr) - imag(Vbs), 0, 0,

real(Vas) - real(Var), imag(Var) - imag(Vas), 0, 0, real(Vcs) - real(Vcr),
imag(Vcr) - imag(Vcs), 0, imag(Vbr)/2, 0, imag(Var)/2, 0, imag(Vcr)/2];

S(ind3,:) = [ 0, 0, 0, 0, real(Vcs) - real(Vcr), imag(Vcr) - imag(Vcs), 0,

0, real(Vas) - real(Var), imag(Var) - imag(Vas), real(Vbs) - real(Vbr),
imag(Vbr) - imag(Vbs), 0, 0, imag(Vcr)/2, 0, imag(Var)/2, imag(Vbr)/2];

S(ind4,:) = [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, - imag(Var)/2 - imag(Vas)/2,

0, 0, - imag(Vbr)/2 - imag(Vbs)/2, - imag(Vcr)/2 - imag(Vcs)/2, 0];

S(ind5,:) = [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, - imag(Vbr)/2 - imag(Vbs)/2,

0, - imag(Var)/2 - imag(Vas)/2, 0, - imag(Vcr)/2 - imag(Vcs)/2];

S(ind6,:) = [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, - imag(Vcr)/2 -
imag(Vcs)/2, 0, - imag(Var)/2 - imag(Vas)/2, - imag(Vbr)/2 - imag(Vbs)/2];

S(ind7,:) = [ imag(Vas) - imag(Var), real(Vas) - real(Var), 0, 0, 0, 0,

imag(Vbs) - imag(Vbr), real(Vbs) - real(Vbr), imag(Vcs) - imag(Vcr),
real(Vcs) - real(Vcr), 0, 0, -real(Var)/2, 0, 0, -real(Vbr)/2, -real(Vcr)/2,
0];

S(ind8,:) = [ 0, 0, imag(Vbs) - imag(Vbr), real(Vbs) - real(Vbr), 0, 0,

imag(Vas) - imag(Var), real(Vas) - real(Var), 0, 0, imag(Vcs) - imag(Vcr),
real(Vcs) - real(Vcr), 0, -real(Vbr)/2, 0, -real(Var)/2, 0, -real(Vcr)/2];

S(ind9,:) = [ 0, 0, 0, 0, imag(Vcs) - imag(Vcr), real(Vcs) - real(Vcr), 0,

0, imag(Vas) - imag(Var), real(Vas) - real(Var), imag(Vbs) - imag(Vbr),
real(Vbs) - real(Vbr), 0, 0, -real(Vcr)/2, 0, -real(Var)/2, -real(Vbr)/2];

S(ind10,:) = [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, real(Var)/2 + real(Vas)/2,

0, 0, real(Vbr)/2 + real(Vbs)/2, real(Vcr)/2 + real(Vcs)/2, 0];

S(ind11,:) = [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, real(Vbr)/2 + real(Vbs)/2,

0, real(Var)/2 + real(Vas)/2, 0, real(Vcr)/2 + real(Vcs)/2];

S(ind12,:) = [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, real(Vcr)/2 + real(Vcs)/2,

0, real(Var)/2 + real(Vas)/2, real(Vbr)/2 + real(Vbs)/2];

W(ind1,1) = real(Iar);

W(ind2,1) = real(Ibr);

W(ind3,1) = real(Icr);

W(ind4,1) = real(Ias) - real(Iar);

W(ind5,1) = real(Ibs) - real(Ibr);

W(ind6,1) = real(Ics) - real(Icr);

W(ind7,1) = imag(Iar);

W(ind8,1) = imag(Ibr);
W(ind9,1) = imag(Icr);

W(ind10,1) = imag(Ias) - imag(Iar);

W(ind11,1) = imag(Ibs) - imag(Ibr);

W(ind12,1) = imag(Ics) - imag(Icr);

%increment counter

k = k+1;

end

%Lowe
Method--------------------------------------------------------------

%use matrix inversion to solve for ABCD variables

beta = X\Y;

A1 = beta(1,1);

A2 = beta(2,1);

A3 = beta(3,1);

A4 = beta(4,1);

A5 = beta(5,1);

A6 = beta(6,1);

A7 = beta(7,1);

A8 = beta(8,1);

A9 = beta(9,1);

B1 = beta(10,1);

B2 = beta(11,1);

B3 = beta(12,1);

B4 = beta(13,1);

B5 = beta(14,1);

B6 = beta(15,1);

B7 = beta(16,1);

B8 = beta(17,1);

B9 = beta(18,1);

C1 = beta(19,1);

C2 = beta(20,1);

C3 = beta(21,1);
C4 = beta(22,1);

C5 = beta(23,1);

C6 = beta(24,1);

C7 = beta(25,1);

C8 = beta(26,1);

C9 = beta(27,1);

D1 = beta(28,1);

D2 = beta(29,1);

D3 = beta(30,1);

D4 = beta(31,1);

D5 = beta(32,1);

D6 = beta(33,1);

D7 = beta(34,1);

D8 = beta(35,1);

D9 = beta(36,1);

A = [A1 A2 A3;

A4 A5 A6;

A7 A8 A9];

B = [B1 B2 B3;

B4 B5 B6;

B7 B8 B9];

C = [C1 C2 C3;

C4 C5 C6;

C7 C8 C9];

D = [D1 D2 D3;

D4 D5 D6;

D7 D8 D9];

ABCD = [A B;C D];

%solve for series impedance

Zabc_Lowe = B;

Za = B1;

Zb = B5;
Zc = B9;

Zab = B2;

Zac = B3;

Zbc = B6;

Yabc_Lowe = 2*(A - eye(3))/(Zabc_Lowe);

%Di-Shi
Method-------------------------------------------------------------

%solve for the inverse series impedance matrix

%solve for the shunt admittance matrix

theta = (S'*S)\(S'*W);

Ga = theta(1,1);

Ta = theta(2,1);

Gb = theta(3,1);

Tb = theta(4,1);

Gc = theta(5,1);

Tc = theta(6,1);

Gab = theta(7,1);

Tab = theta(8,1);

Gac = theta(9,1);

Tac = theta(10,1);

Gbc = theta(11,1);

Tbc = theta(12,1);

Ba = theta(13,1);

Bb = theta(14,1);

Bc = theta(15,1);

Bab = theta(16,1);

Bac = theta(17,1);

Bbc = theta(18,1);

ya = Ga + 1i*Ta;

yb = Gb + 1i*Tb;

yc = Gc + 1i*Tc;

yab = Gab + 1i*Tab;

yac = Gac + 1i*Tac;

ybc = Gbc + 1i*Tbc;

yp = [ya yab yac;

yab yb ybc;

yac ybc yc];

Zabc_Shi = inv(yp);

Yabc_Shi = 1i*[Ba Bab Bac;

Bab Bb Bbc;

Bac Bbc Bc];

%gather reuslts from current estimation

Result_Shi_Z = [Zabc_Shi(1,1);Zabc_Shi(2,2);Zabc_Shi(3,3); ...

Zabc_Shi(1,2);Zabc_Shi(1,3);Zabc_Shi(2,3)];

Result_Shi_Y = [Yabc_Shi(1,1);Yabc_Shi(2,2);Yabc_Shi(3,3); ...

Yabc_Shi(1,2);Yabc_Shi(1,3);Yabc_Shi(2,3)];

Result_Lowe_Z = [Zabc_Lowe(1,1);Zabc_Lowe(2,2);Zabc_Lowe(3,3); ...

Zabc_Lowe(1,2);Zabc_Lowe(1,3);Zabc_Lowe(2,3)];

Result_Lowe_Y = [Yabc_Lowe(1,1);Yabc_Lowe(2,2);Yabc_Lowe(3,3); ...

Yabc_Lowe(1,2);Yabc_Lowe(1,3);Yabc_Lowe(2,3)];

%store parameters values from current estimation

Shi_R(e,:) = transpose(real(Result_Shi_Z));

Shi_X(e,:) = transpose(imag(Result_Shi_Z));

Shi_B(e,:) = transpose(imag(Result_Shi_Y));

Lowe_R(e,:) = transpose(real(Result_Lowe_Z));

Lowe_X(e,:) = transpose(imag(Result_Lowe_Z));

Lowe_B(e,:) = transpose(imag(Result_Lowe_Y));

deter(e,1) = det(ABCD);

%call function to analyze results

[meanS, meanL, stdS, stdL, pdS, pdL] = analyze(Shi_R, Shi_X, Shi_B, Lowe_R,
Lowe_X, Lowe_B);

%store results percent deviation for given PSD

Shi_PDR(m,:) = pdS(1,:);

Shi_PDX(m,:) = pdS(2,:);
Shi_PDB(m,:) = pdS(3,:);

Lowe_PDR(m,:) = pdL(1,:);

Lowe_PDX(m,:) = pdL(2,:);

Lowe_PDB(m,:) = pdL(3,:);

detmn(m,1) = mean(deter);

disp(m)

%plot------------------------------------------------------------------
---

if type ~= 3

%set line width

lw = 2.25;

if pick == 1

xtitle = 'Error in V_{abc}^S (%)';

elseif pick == 2

xtitle = 'Error in I_{abc}^S (%)';

elseif pick == 3

xtitle = 'Error in V_{abc}^R (%)';

elseif pick == 4

xtitle = 'Error in I_{abc}^R (%)';

elseif pick == 5

xtitle = 'Error in All Measurements (%)';

end

%plot percent deivation for each parameter value

figure(1);

subplot(3,2,1)

hold all

grid on

xlabel(xtitle)

ylabel('Error of R (%)')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDR(:,1),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','r')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDR(:,2),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','g')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDR(:,3),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','b')
plot(PSD,Shi_PDR(:,4),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','c')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDR(:,5),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','m')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDR(:,6),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','k')

%legend('Ra','Rb','Rc','Rab','Rac','Rbc')

set(gca,'XMinorTick','on','YMinorTick','on')

%set(legend,'Location','EastOutside')

subplot(3,2,3)

hold all

grid on

xlabel(xtitle)

ylabel('Error of X (%)')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDX(:,1),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','r')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDX(:,2),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','g')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDX(:,3),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','b')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDX(:,4),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','c')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDX(:,5),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','m')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDX(:,6),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','k')

%legend('Xa','Xb','Xc','Xab','Xac','Xbc')

set(gca,'XMinorTick','on','YMinorTick','on')

%set(legend,'Location','EastOutside')

subplot(3,2,5)

hold all

grid on

xlabel(xtitle)

ylabel('Error of B (%)')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDB(:,1),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','r')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDB(:,2),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','g')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDB(:,3),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','b')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDB(:,4),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','c')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDB(:,5),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','m')

plot(PSD,Shi_PDB(:,6),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','k')

%legend('Ba','Bb','Bc','Bab','Bac','Bbc')
set(gca,'XMinorTick','on','YMinorTick','on')

%set(legend,'Location','EastOutside')

subplot(3,2,2)

hold all

grid on

xlabel(xtitle)

ylabel('Error of R (%)')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDR(:,1),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','r')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDR(:,2),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','g')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDR(:,3),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','b')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDR(:,4),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','c')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDR(:,5),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','m')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDR(:,6),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','k')

%legend('Ra','Rb','Rc','Rab','Rac','Rbc')

set(gca,'XMinorTick','on','YMinorTick','on')

%set(legend,'Location','EastOutside')

subplot(3,2,4)

hold all

grid on

xlabel(xtitle)

ylabel('Error of X (%)')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDX(:,1),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','r')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDX(:,2),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','g')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDX(:,3),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','b')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDX(:,4),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','c')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDX(:,5),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','m')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDX(:,6),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','k')

%legend('Xa','Xb','Xc','Xab','Xac','Xbc')

set(gca,'XMinorTick','on','YMinorTick','on')

%set(legend,'Location','EastOutside')

subplot(3,2,6)

hold all
grid on

xlabel(xtitle)

ylabel('Error of B (%)')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDB(:,1),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','r')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDB(:,2),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','g')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDB(:,3),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','b')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDB(:,4),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','c')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDB(:,5),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','m')

plot(PSD,Lowe_PDB(:,6),'LineWidth',lw,'Color','k')

%legend('Ba','Bb','Bc','Bab','Bac','Bbc')

set(gca,'XMinorTick','on','YMinorTick','on')

%set(legend,'Location','EastOutside')

%write to excel

data = [Shi_PDR Shi_PDX Shi_PDB Lowe_PDR Lowe_PDX Lowe_PDB detmn];

if type == 1

filename = 'bias_noise.xlsx';

elseif type == 2

filename = 'random_noise.xlsx';

end

if write == 1

xlswrite(filename,data,pick)

elseif write == 2

end

%----------------------------------------------------------------------
---

else

end