United States Patent Office 2,834,811

Patented May 13, 1958

2
The organic acid used to acidify the Salt of acetylace
tone must of course be strong enough to liberate the
2,834,811 acetylacetone. Obviously for economic reasons it is
PREPARATION OF ACETYLACETONE desirable to use the least expensive of these, and acetic
acid and formic acid are excellent for the purpose. Car
Karl K. Georgieff, Shawinigan Falls, Quebec, Canada, bonic acid may also be used, and this acid would have
assignor to Shawinigan Chemicals Limited, Montreal, the particular advantage that it would not carry the
Quebec, Canada, a corporation of Canada acidification too far in any neutralization stage, since
No Drawing. Application November 27, 1956 10
carbonic acid will not provide a low pH. Further, differ
Serial No. 624,492 ent acids may be used for different stages of acidification;
5 Claims. (Cl. 260-593) for example an initial acidification may be made with
carbonic acid and subsequent acidification with a stronger
organic acid, for example acetic acid. Mineral (non
This invention relates to an improvement in the process 5 volatile) acids are not desirable for purposes of this
for the preparation of acetylacetone by condensation of invention, as they seem to decompose the materials or
lower alkyl esters of acetic acid with acetone and in products in an undesired way and provide a lower yield
particular to a method for working up alkali metal salts of acetylacetone than can be obtained with the foregoing
of acetylacetone to recover acetylacetone therefrom. organic acids.
It is well known that, by condensation of the type 20 According to a preferred form of the invention, sodium
generally referred to as "Claisen condensations," it is salt of acetylacetone in crude reaction mixture, usually
possible to prepare alkali metal salts of acetylacetone. a slurry prepared by the condensation reaction between
In Such methods it has been usual to react acetate esters, acetone and lower alkyl acetate ester in the presence of
for example methyl acetate or ethyl acetate, with acetone a catalyst comprising metallic sodium or other basic
in the presence of basic acylation reagent catalysts. 25 acylation reagent catalyst, is first cooled and mixed with
These catalysts are well known and are strongly basic sufficient water to dissolve the sodium salts. Several
materials containing alkali, for example, in the free state minutes of uninterrupted and vigorous agitation are re
or in compound form. Examples of suitable catalysts quired to effect this solution. The upper organic layer
are sodium alkoxide, sodium hydride suspensions, finely which separates contains unreacted alkyl acetate, and
dispersed suspensions of metallic sodium and sodium 30 any diluent used, for example toluene, Xylene, isohexane
amide (cf. "Organic Reactions', vol. VIII, by Adams et or “Varsol' (petroleum hydrocarbon fraction); this layer
al.). Because of the strong basic nature of these cat is separated and rejected. The lower aqueous layer is
alysts, the desired condensation product is always found then immediately acidified with sufficient acetic acid to
in an alkaline mixture in the form of a sodium salt. reduce the pH level to a value between 6.5 and 7.0.
In order to recover the acetylacetone, it is necessary This liberates most of the acetylacetone in a medium
to neutralize the salt and isolate the liberated acetyl from which it can be recovered uncontaminated by acetic
acid. A large portion of the acetylacetone thus liberated
acetone from accompanying by-products, unreacted re separates as a liquid layer which floats on top of the
actants, and any vehicles or diluents which may have aqueous layer and is separated therefrom. The rest of
been used, the neutralization being accomplished by
adding to the mixture an excess of acid or at least an 40 theous
liberated acetylacetone remains dissolved in the aque
layer and is separated therefrom by liquid-liquid
amount of acid equivalent to the amount of alkali ini extraction with water immiscible solvent for acetylace
tially added to catalyze the reaction. Without any ex tone, for example ethyl acetate or isopropyl acetate. A
ceptions this has always had deleterious effects on prod second
uct purity, and the resulting acetylacetone is contaminated ing theaddition of acetic acid to the aqueous layer, lower
pH by 0.3 to 0.7 unit of pH below the former
with acid.
The present invention involves a system of fractional level,
of
but in no case below 6.0, liberates a small amount
acetylacetone which remains in solution in the aqueous
acidification of a mixture containing the sodium salt of layer and can be recovered therefrom by liquid-liquid
acetylacetone and the separation of the acetylacetone im extraction as above. This small amount of acetylacetone
mediately after each acidification stage. Most of the 50 is also substantially free of acetic acid, but is usually so
acetylacetone prepared by this method is substantially
free from acid contamination. In fact, with acetic acid small that its recovery is uneconomic. Hence, a second
addition of acetic acid to the aqueous layer which lowers
as acidifier, the concentration of acetic acid in the ace the
tylacetone is so low that it cannot be measured by infra the pH to 5.7+0.1, is usually preferred to liberate all
remainder of the acetylacetone from its salt. This
red spectrometry, i. e., it is much less than 0.6% of the acetylacetone, contaminated with acetic acid, can be re
acetylacetone. The purity of this product compares
covered by liquid-liquid extraction as above. This ace
quite favourably with that of acetylacetone purified by tylacetone
converting it to its copper salt and regenerating it with for additioncontaining acetic acid can then be recycled
to a subsequent batch of sodium salt of
a non-volatile acid, for example HSO4. It is also far acetylacetone, whereby the acetic acid neutralizes sodium
superior to commercial acetylacetone prepared from 60 salt and the recycled acetylacetone is recovered with the
ketene and acetone via isopropenyl acetate (2-acetoxy acid-free product of this subsequent batch.
propene); this product usually contains between 3-5% The following table gives the percentages of acetyl
acetic acid and 5-7% total impurities.
According to this invention, a reaction mixture con ous acetone liberated from sodium salt by acetic acid at vari
taining a sodium salt of acetylacetone, prepared in ac 65 pH values:
cordance with any of the known reactions which are
catalyzed by basic acylation reagents, is acidified with Percent
Acetylacetone
organic acid in successive stages to progressively decreas Liberated
ing pH values to liberate acetylacetone from its salt, and
the liberated acetylacetone is recovered from the acidified
reaction mixture after each of the successive acidification
stages.
 2,884,811
3. 4.
The percentages of acetylacetone liberated from the batch of sodium salt of acetylacetone, hence the acetyl
sodium salt by acetic acid at the foregoing pH values acetone could be completely recovered in a continuous
are not necessarily the percentages that will be liberated series of batches.
by other acids at the same pH values. The percentage It is understood that the present invention is not limited
liberated will depend primarily on the agid used at any by the modifications and example herein disclosed and
specific pH, hence the specific pH value used for any. that any adaptation or modification apparent to a skilled
acidification stage is chosen in accordance with, the acid. chemist is intended to come wifhin the scope and spirit
used and the proportion of the acetylacetone that it is of the invention.
desired to liberate in that stage. What is claimed is:
The following example illustrates the invention: 10 1. A process for the preparation of acetylacetone from
Catalyst was prepared by heating finely divided sodium, a reaction mixture containing the sodium salt of acetyl
(particle size 1 to 20 microns, average 10 microns), acetone comprising (a) acidifying the reaction mixture
xylene, and 0.25% aluminum octoate, to 110-120° C. with organic acid to decreasing pH values in successive
in a flask fitted with a high speed stirrer and gradually. stages to liberate only a part of the acetylacetone from
raising the speed of the stirrer to 15,000 R. P. M. To its salt in each stage prior to the last stage and (b)
a nitrogen-flushed flask charged with 601 grams methyl recovering the liberated acetylacetone from the acidified
acetate, 115.0 grams, redistilled acetone, 5.0 grams of reaction mixture after each of the successive acidification
sodium salt of acetylacetone and 775 cc. of xylene at Stages.
18.5 C, was added with stirring 45.6 grams of sodium
20
2. A process, as claimed in claim 1 in which the pH
dispersed in 305 cc. xylene. The reaction mixture was values in successive stages are 6.7-0.1 and 5.7-h:0.1.
kept at 17-20 C. by cooling until evolution of hydrogen 3. A process as claimed in claim 2 in which the organic
ceased and then refluxed for a period of 30 minutes at acid is acetic acid.
74 C. The crude product was cooled and shaken with 4. A process for the preparation of acetylacetone sub
900 cc. of water, then the aqueous layer was quickly 25
stantially free from contamination by acetic acid com
separated and treated with 84.9 grams glacial acetic acid prising acidifying an aqueous solution containing sodium
which reduced the pH to 6.7-0.1. Some of the liberated salt of acetylacetone with sufficient acetic acid to reduce
acetylacetone floated to the top, and was separated. The the pH value of the mixture to, between 6.5 to 7.0, sep
aqueous layer was then extracted with three 150 cc. por arating and recovering acetylacetone which appears as
tions of ethyl acetate; the ethyl acetate was distilled off 30
a separate phase, extracting and recovering the additional
at atmospheric pressure and the acetylacetone residue liberated acetylacetone from the acidified aqueous solu
was distilled under vacuum. The pH of the water layer. tion with a water immiscible solvent for acetylacetone,
was further reduced to 5.6 by adding 15.0 grams acetic repeating the addition of acetic acid to reduce the pH
acid; the water layer was then extracted with ethyl of the aqueous, solution to a value not higher than 5.8,
acetate, and acetylacetone recovered from the extract as 35
and extracting the aqueous solution with solvent to re
before. The weight of acetylacetone liberated and re cover-a; final proportion of acetylacetone.
covered by the first acidification step was 131.6 grams, 5. A process as claimed in claim 4 including the fur
after deducting the equivalent of the 5.0 grams of sodium ther step of recycling the final portion of acetylacetone
salt of acetylacetone, included in the original charge. The to a subsequent solution of sodium salt of acetylacetone
proportion of acetic acid in this acetylacetone was too 40
for recovery.
small to be detected by infra-red spectrometry, hence was References Cited in the file of this patent
less than 0.6%. The weight of acetylacetone liberated
and recovered by the second acidification step was 6.4 UNITED STATES PATENTS
grams. This material could not be recovered in such 2,158,071 Hansley -------------- May 16, 1939
purity as the previous fraction, being contaminated with FOREIGN PATENTS
an undesirable proportion of acetic acid. However it
could be utilized in the neutralization of a subsequent 995,499 France ---------------- Aug. 22, 1951