CASE

9/9/2017 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 751
G.R. No. 212081. February 23, 2015.*

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL
RESOURCES (DENR), petitioner, vs. UNITED
PLANNERS CONSULTANTS, INC. (UPCI), respondent.
Remedial Law; Civil Law; Alternative Dispute Resolution Act

of 2004; Republic Act (RA) No. 9285, otherwise known as the
“Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004,” institutionalized the
use of an Alternative Dispute Resolution System (ADR System) in
the Philippines.—Republic Act No. 9285, otherwise known as the
“Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004,” institutionalized the
use of an Alternative Dispute Resolution System (ADR System) in
the Philippines. The Act, however, was without prejudice to the
adoption by the Supreme Court of any ADR system as a means of
achieving speedy and efficient means of resolving cases pending
before all courts in the Philippines. Accordingly, A.M. No. 07-11-
08-SC was created setting forth the Special Rules of Court on
Alternative Dispute Resolution (referred herein as Special ADR
Rules) that shall govern the procedure to be followed by the courts
whenever judicial intervention is sought in ADR proceedings in
the specific cases where it is allowed.
Same; Civil Procedure; Judgments; Execution of Judgments;
Execution is fittingly called the fruit and end of suit and the life of
the law.—Execution is fittingly called the fruit and end of suit and
the life of the law. A judgment, if left unexecuted, would be
nothing but an empty victory for the prevailing party. While it
appears that the Special ADR Rules remain silent on the
procedure for the execution of a confirmed arbitral award, it is the
Court’s considered view that the Rules’ procedural mechanisms
cover not only aspects of confirmation but necessarily extend to a
confirmed award’s execution in light of the doctrine of necessary
implication which states that every statutory grant of power,
right or privilege is deemed to include all incidental power, right
or privilege.
_______________
* FIRST DIVISION.
390
http://www.central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000015e646579bcd4f6f791003600fb002c009e/t/?o=False 1/21
390 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR)vs. United Planners Consultants, Inc. (UPCI)
Same; Same; Same; Money Judgments; Section 26 of

Presidential Decree (PD) No. 1445 expressly provides that
execution of money judgment against the Government or any of its
subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities is within the primary
jurisdiction of the Commission on Audit (COA).—Section 26 of PD
1445 expressly provides that execution of money judgment
against the Government or any of its subdivisions, agencies and
instrumentalities is within the primary jurisdiction of the COA, to
wit: SEC. 26. General jurisdiction.—The authority and powers
of the Commission shall extend to and comprehend all
matters relating to auditing procedures, systems and controls,
the keeping of the general accounts of the Government, the
preservation of vouchers pertaining thereto for a period of ten
years, the examination and inspection of the books,
records, and papers relating to those accounts; and the
audit and settlement of the accounts of all persons
respecting funds or property received or held by them in
an accountable capacity, as well as the examination, audit,
and settlement of all debts and claims of any sort due from
or owing to the Government or any of its subdivisions,
agencies and instrumentalities. The said jurisdiction extends
to all government-owned or -controlled corporations, including
their subsidiaries, and other self-governing boards, commissions,
or agencies of the Government, and as herein prescribed,
including nongovernmental entities subsidized by the
government, those funded by donation through the government,
those required to pay levies or government share, and those for
which the government has put up a counterpart fund or those
partly funded by the government. (Emphases supplied) From the
foregoing, the settlement of respondent’s money claim is still
subject to the primary jurisdiction of the COA despite finality of
the confirmed arbitral award by the RTC pursuant to the Special
ADR Rules. Hence, the respondent has to first seek the approval
of the COA of their monetary claim. This appears to have been
complied with by the latter when it filed a “Petition for
Enforcement and Payment of Final and Executory Arbitral
Award” before the COA. Accordingly, it is now the COA which has
the authority to rule on this latter petition.
PETITION for review on certiorari of a decision of the

Court of Appeals.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the Court.
391
VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 391

The Solicitor General for petitioner.

Parlade, Hildawa, Parlade, Eco & Panga Law Offices
for respondent.

PERLAS-BERNABE, J.:

Assailed in this petition for review on certiorari1 is the
Decision2 dated March 26, 2014 of the Court of Appeals
(CA) in C.A.-G.R. S.P. No. 126458 which dismissed the
petition for certiorari filed by petitioner the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (petitioner).

The Facts

On July 26, 1993, petitioner, through the Land
Management Bureau (LMB), entered into an Agreement
for Consultancy Services3 (Consultancy Agreement) with
respondent United Planners Consultants, Inc. (respondent)
in connection with the LMB’s Land Resource Management
Master Plan Project (LRMMP).4 Under the Consultancy
Agreement, petitioner committed to pay a total contract
price of P4,337,141.00, based on a predetermined
percentage corresponding to the particular stage of work
accomplished.5 In December 1994, respondent completed
the work required, which petitioner formally accepted on
December 27, 1994.6 However, petitioner was able to pay
only 47% of the total contract price in the amount of
P2,038,456.30.7
_______________
1 Rollo, pp. 19-35.

2 Id., at pp. 8-15. Penned by Associate Justice Nina G. Antonio-
Valenzuela, with Associate Justices Vicente S.E. Veloso and Jane Aurora
C. Lantion, concurring.
3 Not attached to Rollo.
4 Rollo, pp. 20 and 62.
5 Id., at pp. 62-63.
6 Id., at p. 63.
7 Id., at p. 9.
392

On October 25, 1994, the Commission on Audit (COA)

released the Technical Services Office Report8 (TSO)
finding the contract price of the Agreement to be 84.14%
excessive.9 This notwithstanding, petitioner, in a letter
dated December 10, 1998, acknowledged its liability to
respondent in the amount of P2,239,479.60 and assured
payment at the soonest possible time.10
For failure to pay its obligation under the Consultancy
Agreement despite repeated demands, respondent
instituted a Complaint11 against petitioner before the
Regional Trial Court of Quezon City, Branch 222 (RTC),
docketed as Case No. Q-07-60321.12
Upon motion of respondent, the case was subsequently
referred to arbitration pursuant to the arbitration clause of
the Consultancy Agreement,13 which petitioner did not
oppose.14 As a result, Atty. Alfredo F. Tadiar, Architect
Armando N. Alli, and Construction Industry Arbitration
Commission (CIAC) Accredited Arbitrator Engr. Ricardo B.
San Juan were appointed as members of the Arbitral
Tribunal. The court-referred arbitration was then docketed
as Arbitration Case No. A-001.15
During the preliminary conference, the parties agreed to
adopt the CIAC Revised Rules Governing Construction
Arbitration16 (CIAC Rules) to govern the arbitration
proceedings.17
_______________
8 See Consultancy Contracts Review Report dated April 28, 1994; id.,
at pp. 129-131.
9 Id., at pp. 9, 63, and 131.
10 Id., at pp. 9 and 64.
11 Not attached to the Rollo.
12 Rollo, p. 21.
13 Id., at pp. 9 and 21.
14 See Order dated January 18, 2010 issued by Judge Edgar Dalmacio
Santos; id., at p. 83.
15 Id., at p. 55.
16 As amended by CIAC Resolution Nos. 15-2006, 16-2006, 18-2006,
19-2006, 02-2007, 07-2007, 13-2007, 02-2008, 03-2008,
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VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 393


They further agreed to submit their respective draft

decisions in lieu of memoranda of arguments on or before
April 21, 2010, among others.18
On the due date for submission of the draft decisions,
however, only respondent complied with the given
deadline,19 while petitioner moved for the deferment of the
deadline which it followed with another motion for
extension of time, asking that it be given until May 11,
2010 to submit its draft decision.20
In an Order21 dated April 30, 2010, the Arbitral
Tribunal denied petitioner’s motions and deemed its
nonsubmission as a waiver, but declared that it would still
consider petitioner’s draft decision if submitted before May
7, 2010, or the expected date of the final award’s
promulgation.22 Petitioner filed its draft decision23 only on
May 7, 2010.
The Arbitral Tribunal rendered its Award24 dated May
7, 2010 (Arbitral Award) in favor of respondent, directing
petitioner to pay the latter the amount of (a) P2,285,089.89
representing the unpaid progress billings, with interest at
the rate of 12% per annum from the date of finality of the
Arbitral Award upon confirmation by the RTC until fully
paid; (b) P2,033,034.59 as accrued interest thereon; (c)
P500,000.00 as exemplary damages; and (d) P150,000.00 as
attorney’s fees.25 It also ordered petitioner to reimburse
respondent its propor-
_______________
11-2008, 01-2010, 04-2010, and 07-2010, which took effect on December

15, 2005.
17 Id., at pp. 58 and 99.
18 Id., at p. 59.
19 Id., at p. 61.
20 Id.
21 Id., at pp. 104-105.
22 Id., at p. 105.
23 Id., at pp. 113-127.
24 Id., at pp. 55-80. Signed by Chairman Alfredo F. Tadiar, Armando
N. Alli, and Ricardo B. San Juan, as members.
25 Id., at p. 78.
394

tionate share in the arbitration costs as agreed upon in

the amount of P182,119.44.26
Unconvinced, petitioner filed a motion for
27
reconsideration, which the Arbitral Tribunal merely
noted without any action, claiming that it had already lost
jurisdiction over the case after it had submitted to the RTC
its Report together with a copy of the Arbitral Award.28
Consequently, petitioner filed before the RTC a Motion
for Reconsideration29 dated May 19, 2010 (May 19, 2010
Motion for Reconsideration) and a Manifestation and
Motion30 dated June 1, 2010 (June 1, 2010 Manifestation
and Motion), asserting that it was denied the opportunity
to be heard when the Arbitral Tribunal failed to consider
its draft decision and merely noted its motion for
reconsideration.31 It also denied receiving a copy of the
Arbitral Award by either electronic or registered mail.32
For its part, respondent filed an opposition thereto and
moved for the confirmation33 of the Arbitral Award in
accordance with the Special Rules of Court on Alternative
Dispute Resolution (Special ADR Rules).34
In an Order35 dated March 30, 2011, the RTC merely
noted petitioner’s aforesaid motions, finding that copies of
the Arbitral Award appear to have been sent to the parties
by the
_______________
26 Id., at p. 79.
27 Dated May 19, 2010. Id., at pp. 139-154.
28 Id., at pp. 108 and 178-179.
29 The Motion for Reconsideration filed in the RTC is the same Motion
for Reconsideration filed in the Arbitral Tribunal.
30 Id., at pp. 107-112.
31 Id., at p. 108.
32 Id., at pp. 107-108.
33 By way of an Opposition/Motion for Confirmation dated September
30, 2010 as mentioned in petitioner’s Oppositions dated November 18,
2010 and July 15, 2011; id., at pp. 166 and 180.
34 A.M. No. 07-11-08-SC, entitled “Special Rules of Court on
Alternative Dispute Resolution” (October 30, 2009).
35 Rollo, p. 178.
395
VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 395

Arbitral Tribunal, including the OSG, contrary to

petitioner’s claim. On the other hand, the RTC confirmed
the Arbitral Award pursuant to Rule 11.2(A)36 of the
Special ADR Rules and ordered petitioner to pay
respondent the costs of confirming the award, as prayed
for, in the total amount of P50,000.00. From this order,
petitioner did not file a motion for reconsideration.
Thus, on June 15, 2011, respondent moved for the
issuance of a writ of execution, to which no
comment/opposition was filed by petitioner despite the
RTC’s directive therefor. In an Order37 dated September
12, 2011, the RTC granted respondent’s motion.38
Petitioner moved to quash39 the writ of execution,
positing that respondent was not entitled to its monetary
claims. It also claimed that the issuance of said writ was
premature since the RTC should have first resolved its May
19, 2010 Motion for Reconsideration and June 1, 2010
Manifestation and Motion, and not merely noted them,
thereby violating its right to due process.40

The RTC’s Ruling

In an Order41 dated July 9, 2012, the RTC denied
petitioner’s motion to quash.
_______________
36 Rule 11.2. When to request confirmation, correction/modification

or vacation.—
(A) Confirmation.—At any time after the lapse of thirty (30) days
from receipt by the petitioner of the arbitral award, he may petition the
court to confirm that award.
37 Rollo, p. 184.
38 Id., at p. 42.
39 See Motion to Quash the Writ of Execution dated November 22,
2011; id., at pp. 185-193.
40 Id., at p. 190.
41 Id., at pp. 194-198.

396

It found no merit in petitioner’s contention that it was

denied due process, ruling that its May 19, 2010 Motion for
Reconsideration was a prohibited pleading under Section
17.2,42 Rule 17 of the CIAC Rules. It explained that the
available remedy to assail an arbitral award was to file a
motion for correction of final award pursuant to Section
17.143 of the CIAC Rules, and not a motion for
reconsideration of the said award itself.44 On the other
hand, the RTC found petitioner’s June 1, 2010
Manifestation and Motion seeking the resolution of its May
19, 2010 Motion for Reconsideration to be defective for
petitioner’s failure to observe the three-day notice rule.45
Having then failed to avail of the remedies attendant to an
order of confirmation, the Arbitral Award had become final
and executory.46
On July 12, 2012, petitioner received the RTC’s Order
dated July 9, 2012 denying its motion to quash.47
Dissatisfied, it filed on September 10, 2012 a petition
for certiorari48 before the CA, docketed as C.A.-G.R. S.P.
No. 126458, averring in the main that the RTC acted with
grave abuse of discretion in confirming and ordering the
execution of the Arbitral Award.
_______________
42 SEC. 17.2 Motion for reconsideration or new trial.—A motion for

reconsideration or new trial shall be considered a prohibited pleading.
43 SEC. 17.1 Motion for correction of final award.—Any of the
parties may file a motion for correction of the Final award within fifteen
(15) days from receipt thereof upon any of the following grounds.
x x x x
44 Rollo, p. 195.
45 Id., at pp. 196-197.
46 Id., at p. 196.
47 Id., at p. 46.
48 Id., at pp. 204-232.
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VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 397

The CA’s Ruling

In a Decision49 dated March 26, 2014, the CA dismissed
the certiorari petition on two (2) grounds, namely: (a) the
petition essentially assailed the merits of the Arbitral
Award which is prohibited under Rule 19.750 of the Special
ADR Rules;51 and (b) the petition was filed out of time,
having been filed way beyond 15 days from notice of the
RTC’s July 9, 2012 Order, in violation of Rule 19.2852 in
relation to Rule 19.853 of said Rules which provide that a
special civil action for certiorari must be filed before the CA
within 15 days from notice of the judgment, order, or
resolution sought to be annulled or set aside (or
until July 27, 2012).
Aggrieved, petitioner filed the instant petition.

The Issue Before the Court

The core issue for the Court’s resolution is whether or
not the CA erred in applying the provisions of the Special
ADR
_______________
49 Id., at pp. 39-49.

50 Rule 19.7. No appeal or certiorari on the merits of an arbitral
award.—An agreement to refer a dispute to arbitration shall mean that
the arbitral award shall be final and binding. Consequently, a party to an
arbitration is precluded from filing an appeal or a petition for certiorari
questioning the merits of an arbitral award.
51 Rollo, p. 44.
52 Rule 19.28. When to file petition.—The petition must be filed with
the Court of Appeals within fifteen (15) days from notice of the judgment,
order or resolution sought to be annulled or set aside. No extension of time
to file the petition shall be allowed.
53 Rule 19.8. Subject matter and governing rules.—The remedy of an
appeal through a petition for review or the remedy of a special civil action
of certiorari from a decision of the Regional Trial Court made under the
Special ADR Rules shall be allowed in the instances, and instituted only
in the manner, provided under this Rule.
398

Rules, resulting in the dismissal of petitioner’s special

civil action for certiorari.

The Court’s Ruling

The petition lacks merit.

I.

Republic Act No. (RA) 9285,54 otherwise known as the
“Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004,”
institutionalized the use of an Alternative Dispute
Resolution System (ADR System)55 in the Philippines. The
Act, however, was without prejudice to the adoption by the
Supreme Court of any ADR system as a means of achieving
speedy and efficient means of resolving cases pending
before all courts in the Philippines.56
Accordingly, A.M. No. 07-11-08-SC was created setting
forth the Special Rules of Court on Alternative Dispute
Resolution (referred herein as Special ADR Rules) that
shall govern the procedure to be followed by the courts
whenever judicial intervention is sought in ADR
proceedings in the specific cases where it is allowed.57
_______________
54 Entitled “An Act to Institutionalize the Use of an Alternative

Dispute Resolution System in the Philippines and to Establish the Office
for Alternative Dispute Resolution, and for Other Purposes”; promulgated
on April 2, 2004.
55 It is defined as “any process or procedure used to resolve a dispute
or controversy, other than by adjudication of a presiding judge of a court
or an officer of a government agency, x x x, in which a neutral third party
participates to assist in the resolution of issues, which includes
arbitration, mediation, conciliation, early neutral evaluation, mini-trial, or
any combination thereof.” See SEC. 3(a) of RA 9285.
56 See Section 2 of RA 9285.
57 Benchbook for Trial Courts (Revised and Expanded), Volume I, p.
H-38 (2011).

399
VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 399

Rule 1.1 of the Special ADR Rules lists down the

instances when the said rules shall apply, namely: “(a)
Relief on the issue of Existence, Validity, or Enforceability
of the Arbitration Agreement; (b) Referral to Alternative

Dispute Resolution (“ADR”); (c) Interim Measures of
Protection; (d) Appointment of Arbitrator; (e) Challenge to
Appointment of Arbitrator; (f) Termination of Mandate of
Arbitrator; (g) Assistance in Taking Evidence; (h)
Confirmation, Correction or Vacation of Award in Domestic
Arbitration; (i) Recognition and Enforcement or Setting
Aside of an Award in International Commercial
Arbitration; (j) Recognition and Enforcement of a Foreign
Arbitral Award; (k) Confidentiality/Protective Orders; and
(l) Deposit and Enforcement of Mediated Settlement
Agreements.”58
Notably, the Special ADR Rules do not automatically
govern the arbitration proceedings itself. A pivotal
feature of arbitration as an alternative mode of dispute
resolution is that it is a product of party autonomy or the
freedom of the parties to make their own arrangements
to resolve their own disputes.59 Thus, Rule 2.3 of the
Special ADR Rules explicitly provides that “parties are
free to agree on the procedure to be followed in the
conduct of arbitral proceedings. Failing such
agreement, the arbitral tribunal may conduct arbitration in
the manner it considers appropriate.”60
In the case at bar, the Consultancy Agreement
contained an arbitration clause.61 Hence, respondent, after
it filed its complaint, moved for its referral to arbitration62
which was
_______________
58 See Rule 1.1 of the Special ADR Rules; emphasis supplied.

59 See Rule 2.1 of the Special ADR Rules.
60 See Rule 2.3 of the Special ADR Rules; emphasis and underscoring
supplied.
62 Under Rule 4.1 of the Special ADR Rules, “[a] party to a pending
action filed in violation of the arbitration agreement, whether contained in
an arbitration clause or in a submission
400
VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 400

not objected to by petitioner.63 By its referral to

arbitration, the case fell within the coverage of the Special
ADR Rules. However, with respect to the arbitration
proceedings itself, the parties had agreed to adopt the

CIAC Rules before the Arbitral Tribunal in accordance
with Rule 2.3 of the Special ADR Rules.
On May 7, 2010, the Arbitral Tribunal rendered the
Arbitral Award in favor of respondent. Under Section 17.2,
Rule 17 of the CIAC Rules, no motion for reconsideration or
new trial may be sought, but any of the parties may file a
motion for correction64 of the final award, which shall
interrupt the running of the period for appeal,65 based on
any of the following grounds, to wit:
a. an evident miscalculation of figures, a typographical or

arithmetical error;
b. an evident mistake in the description of any party, person,
date, amount, thing or property referred to in the award;
c. where the arbitrators have awarded upon a matter not
submitted to them, not affecting the merits of the decision upon
the matter submitted;
d. where the arbitrators have failed or omitted to resolve
certain issue/s formulated by the parties in the Terms of
Reference (TOR) and submitted to them for resolution; and
e. where the award is imperfect in a matter of form not
affecting the merits of the controversy.
The motion shall be acted upon by the Arbitral Tribunal or the
surviving/remaining members.66
_______________
agreement, may request the court to refer the parties to arbitration in

accordance with such agreement.”
63 Rollo, p. 83.
64 CIAC Rules, Rule 17, Sec. 17.1.
65 CIAC Rules, Rule 17, Sec. 17.1.1.
66 See Sec. 17.1, Rule 17 of the CIAC Rules; citations omitted.
401
VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 401

Moreover, the parties may appeal the final award to the

CA through a petition for review under Rule 43 of the
Rules of Court.67
Records do not show that any of the foregoing remedies
were availed of by petitioner. Instead, it filed the May 19,
2010 Motion for Reconsideration of the Arbitral Award,

which was a prohibited pleading under the Section 17.2,68
Rule 17 of the CIAC Rules, thus rendering the same final
and executory.
Accordingly, the case was remanded to the RTC for
confirmation proceedings pursuant to Rule 11 of the
Special ADR Rules which requires confirmation by the
court of the final arbitral award. This is consistent with
Section 40, Chapter 7(A) of RA 9285 which similarly
requires a judicial confirmation of a domestic award to
make the same enforceable:
SEC. 40. Confirmation of Award.—The confirmation of a

domestic arbitral award shall be governed by Section 2369 of R.A.
876.70
A domestic arbitral award when confirmed shall be
enforced in the same manner as final and executory
decisions of the regional trial court.
_______________
67 See Sec. 18.2, Rule 18 of the CIAC Rules.

68 See Sec. 17.2, Rule 17 of the CIAC Rules.
69 SEC. 23. Confirmation of award.—At any time within one month
after the award is made, any party to the controversy which was
arbitrated may apply to the court having jurisdiction, as provided in
Section twenty-eight, for an order confirming the award; and thereupon
the court must grant such order unless the award is vacated, modified or
corrected, as prescribed herein. Notice of such motion must be served upon
the adverse party or his attorney as prescribed by law for the service of
such notice upon an attorney in action in the same court.
70 Otherwise known as The Arbitration Law, entitled “An Act to
Authorize the Making of Arbitration and Submission Agreements, to
Provide for the Appointment of Arbitrators and the Procedure for
Arbitration in Civil Controversies, and for Other Purposes”; approved on
June 19, 1953.
402

The confirmation of a domestic award shall be made by

the regional trial court in accordance with the Rules of
Procedure to be promulgated by the Supreme Court.
A CIAC arbitral award need not be confirmed by the regional
trial court to be executory as provided under E.O. No. 1008.
(Emphases supplied)

During the confirmation proceedings, petitioners did not
oppose the RTC’s confirmation by filing a petition to vacate
the Arbitral Award under Rule 11.2(D)71 of the Special
ADR Rules. Neither did it seek reconsideration of the
confirmation order in accordance with Rule 19.1(h) thereof.
Instead, petitioner filed only on September 10, 2012 a
special civil action for certiorari before the CA questioning
the propriety of (a) the RTC Order dated September 12,
2011 granting respondent’s motion for issuance of a writ of
execution, and (b) Order dated July 9, 2012 denying its
motion to quash. Under Rule 19.26 of the Special ADR
Rules, “[w]hen the Regional Trial Court, in making a ruling
under the Special ADR Rules, has acted without or in
excess of its jurisdiction, or with grave abuse of discretion
amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction, and there is
no appeal or any plain, speedy, and adequate remedy
in the ordinary course of law, a party may file a special
civil action for certiorari to annul or set aside a ruling of
the Regional Trial Court.” Thus, for failing to avail of the
foregoing remedies before resorting to certiorari, the CA
correctly dismissed its petition.
_______________
71 Rule 11.2. When to request confirmation, correction/modification

or vacation.—
x x x x
(D) A petition to vacate the arbitral award may be filed, in opposition
to a petition to confirm the arbitral award, not later than thirty (30) days
from receipt of the award by the petitioner. A petition to vacate the
arbitral award filed beyond the reglementary period shall be dismissed.
403
VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 403

II.

Note that the special civil action for certiorari described
in Rule 19.26 above may be filed to annul or set aside the
following orders of the Regional Trial Court.
a. Holding that the arbitration agreement is inexistent, invalid

or unenforceable;
b. Reversing the arbitral tribunal’s preliminary determination
upholding its jurisdiction;
c. Denying the request to refer the dispute to arbitration;
d. Granting or refusing an interim relief;
e. Denying a petition for the appointment of an arbitrator;
f. Confirming, vacating or correcting a domestic arbitral award;
g. Suspending the proceedings to set aside an international
commercial arbitral award and referring the case back to the
arbitral tribunal;
h. Allowing a party to enforce an international commercial
arbitral award pending appeal;
i. Adjourning or deferring a ruling on whether to set aside,
recognize and or enforce an international commercial arbitral
award;
j. Allowing a party to enforce a foreign arbitral award pending
appeal; and
k. Denying a petition for assistance in taking evidence.
(Emphasis supplied)

Further, Rule 19.772 of the Special ADR Rules precludes
a party to an arbitration from filing a petition for certiorari
questioning the merits of an arbitral award.
_______________
72 Rule 19.7. No appeal or certiorari on the merits of an arbitral

award.—An agreement to refer a dispute to arbitration shall
404


If so falling under the above stated enumeration, Rule
19.28 of the Special ADR Rules provide that said certiorari
petition should be filed “with the [CA] within fifteen (15)
days from notice of the judgment, order or resolution
sought to be annulled or set aside. No extension of time to
file the petition shall be allowed.”
In this case, petitioner asserts that its petition is not
covered by the Special ADR Rules (particularly, Rule 19.28
on the 15-day reglementary period to file a petition for
certiorari) but by Rule 65 of the Rules of Court
(particularly, Section 4 thereof on the 60-day reglementary

period to file a petition for certiorari), which it claimed to
have suppletory application in arbitration proceedings
since the Special ADR Rules do not explicitly provide for a
procedure on execution.
The position is untenable.
Execution is fittingly called the fruit and end of suit and
the life of the law. A judgment, if left unexecuted, would be
nothing but an empty victory for the prevailing party.73
While it appears that the Special ADR Rules remain
silent on the procedure for the execution of a confirmed
arbitral award, it is the Court’s considered view that the
Rules’ procedural mechanisms cover not only aspects of
confirmation but necessarily extend to a confirmed award’s
execution in light of the doctrine of necessary implication
which states that every statutory grant of power, right or
privilege is deemed to include all incidental power, right or
privilege. In Atienza v. Villarosa,74 the doctrine was
explained, thus:
_______________
mean that the arbitral award shall be final and binding. Consequently,
a party to an Arbitration is precluded from filing an appeal or a petition
for certiorari questioning the merits of an arbitral award.
73 Heirs of Mateo Pidacan v. Air Transportation Office, G.R. No.
186192, August 25, 2010, 629 SCRA 451, 461.
74 497 Phil. 689; 458 SCRA 385 (2005).
405
VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 405

No statute can be enacted that can provide all the details

involved in its application. There is always an omission that may
not meet a particular situation. What is thought, at the time of
enactment, to be an all-embracing legislation may be inadequate
to provide for the unfolding of events of the future. So-called gaps
in the law develop as the law is enforced. One of the rules of
statutory construction used to fill in the gap is the doctrine of
necessary implication. The doctrine states that what is implied in
a statute is as much a part thereof as that which is expressed.
Every statute is understood, by implication, to contain all
such provisions as may be necessary to effectuate its
object and purpose, or to make effective rights, powers,
privileges or jurisdiction which it grants, including all
such collateral and subsidiary consequences as may be

fairly and logically inferred from its terms. Ex necessitate
legis. And every statutory grant of power, right or
privilege is deemed to include all incidental power, right
or privilege. This is so because the greater includes the lesser,
expressed in the maxim, in eo plus sit, simper inest et minus.75
(Emphases supplied)

As the Court sees it, execution is but a necessary
incident to the Court’s confirmation of an arbitral award.
To construe it otherwise would result in an absurd
situation whereby the confirming court previously applying
the Special ADR Rules in its confirmation of the arbitral
award would later shift to the regular Rules of Procedure
come execution. Irrefragably, a court’s power to confirm a
judgment award under the Special ADR Rules should be
deemed to include the power to order its execution for such
is but a collateral and subsidiary consequence that may be
fairly and logically inferred from the statutory grant to
regional trial courts of the power to confirm domestic
arbitral awards.
_______________
75 Id., at pp. 702-703; p. 403, citing Chua v. Civil Service Commission,

G.R. No. 88979, February 7, 1992, 206 SCRA 65, 77.
406

All the more is such interpretation warranted under the

principle of ratio legis est anima which provides that a
statute must be read according to its spirit or intent,76 for
what is within the spirit is within the statute although it is
not within its letter, and that which is within the letter but
not within the spirit is not within the statute.77
Accordingly, since the Special ADR Rules are intended to
achieve speedy and efficient resolution of disputes and curb
a litigious culture,78 every interpretation thereof should be
made consistent with these objectives.
Thus, with these principles in mind, the Court so
concludes that the Special ADR Rules, as far as practicable,
should be made to apply not only to the proceedings on
confirmation but also to the confirmed award’s execution.
Further, let it be clarified that — contrary to petitioner’s

stance — resort to the Rules of Court even in a suppletory
capacity is not allowed. Rule 22.1 of the Special ADR Rules
explicitly provides that “[t]he provisions of the Rules of
Court that are applicable to the proceedings enumerated in
Rule 1.1 of these Special ADR Rules have either been
included and incorporated in these Special ADR Rules
or specifically referred to herein.”79 Besides, Rule 1.13
thereof provides that “[i]n situations where no specific rule
is provided under the Special ADR Rules, the court shall
resolve such matter summarily and be guided by the spirit
and intent of the Special ADR Rules and the ADR Laws.”
As above mentioned, the petition for certiorari permitted
under the Special ADR Rules must be filed within a period
of fifteen (15) days from notice of the judgment, order or
resolu-
_______________
76 See Roa v. Collector of Customs, 23 Phil. 315, 339 (1912).

77 Id. Also cited in Alonzo v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 234 Phil.
267, 273; 150 SCRA 259, 265 (1987).
79 See Rule 22.1 of the Special ADR Rules; emphases supplied.
407
VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 407

tion sought to be annulled or set aside.80 Hence, since

petitioner’s filing of its certiorari petition in C.A.-G.R. S.P.
No. 126458 was made nearly two months after its receipt of
the RTC’s Order dated July 9, 2012, or on September 10,
2012,81 said petition was clearly dismissible.82

III.

Discounting the above discussed procedural
considerations, the Court still finds that the certiorari
petition had no merit.
Indeed, petitioner cannot be said to have been denied
due process as the records undeniably show that it was
accorded ample opportunity to ventilate its position. There
was clearly nothing out of line when the Arbitral Tribunal
denied petitioner’s motions for extension to file its
submissions having failed to show a valid reason to justify
the same or in rendering the Arbitral Award sans

petitioner’s draft decision which was filed only on the day
of the scheduled promulgation of final award on May 7,
2010.83 The touchstone of due process is basically the
opportunity to be heard. Having been given such
opportunity, petitioner should only blame itself for its own
procedural blunder.
On this score, the petition for certiorari in C.A.-G.R. S.P.
No. 126458 was likewise properly dismissed.
_______________

81 See Rollo, p. 204.
82 Rule 19.30 of the Special ADR Rules provides:
Rule 19.30. Court to dismiss petition.—The court shall dismiss the
petition if it fails to comply with Rules 19.27 and 19.28 above, or upon
consideration of the ground alleged and the legal briefs submitted by the
parties, the petition does not appear to be prima facie meritorious.
408

IV.

Nevertheless, while the Court sanctions the dismissal by
the CA of the petition for certiorari due to procedural
infirmities, there is a need to explicate the matter of
execution of the confirmed Arbitral Award against the
petitioner, a government agency, in the light of
Presidential Decree No. (PD) 144584 otherwise known as
the “Government Auditing Code of the Philippines.”
Section 26 of PD 1445 expressly provides that execution
of money judgment against the Government or any of its
subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities is within the
primary jurisdiction of the COA, to wit:
SEC. 26. General jurisdiction.—The authority and powers

of the Commission shall extend to and comprehend all
matters relating to auditing procedures, systems and controls,
the keeping of the general accounts of the Government, the
preservation of vouchers pertaining thereto for a period of ten
years, the examination and inspection of the books,
records, and papers relating to those accounts; and the
audit and settlement of the accounts of all persons

respecting funds or property received or held by them in
an accountable capacity, as well as the examination, audit,
and settlement of all debts and claims of any sort due from
or owing to the Government or any of its subdivisions,
agencies and instrumentalities. The said jurisdiction extends
to all government-owned or -controlled corporations, including
their subsidiaries, and other self-governing boards, commissions,
or agencies of the Government, and as herein prescribed,
including nongovernmental entities subsidized by the
government, those funded by donation through the government,
those required to pay levies or government share, and those for
which the government
_______________
84 Entitled “Ordaining and Instituting a Government Auditing Code of

the Philippines”; approved on June 11, 1978.
409
VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 409

has put up a counterpart fund or those partly funded by the

government. (Emphases supplied)

From the foregoing, the settlement of respondent’s
money claim is still subject to the primary jurisdiction of
the COA despite finality of the confirmed arbitral award by
the RTC pursuant to the Special ADR Rules.85 Hence, the
respondent has to first seek the approval of the COA of
their monetary claim. This appears to have been complied
with by the latter when it filed a “Petition for Enforcement
and Payment of Final and Executory Arbitral Award”86
before the COA. Accordingly, it is now the COA which has
the authority to rule on this latter petition.
WHEREFORE, the petition is DENIED. The Decision
dated March 26, 2014 of the Court of Appeals in C.A.-G.R.
S.P. No. 126458 which dismissed the petition for certiorari
filed by petitioner the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources is hereby AFFIRMED.
SO ORDERED.
Sereno (CJ., Chairperson), Leonardo-De Castro,

Bersamin and Perez, JJ., concur.
Petition denied, judgment affirmed.
Notes.—It is a basic principle of law that money

judgments are enforceable only against the property
incontrovertibly belonging to the judgment debtor, and if
the property belonging to any third person is mistakenly
levied upon to answer for another man’s indebtedness, such
person has all the right to challenge the levy through any
of the remedies provided for under the Rules of Court.
(Villasi vs. Garcia, 713 SCRA 629 [2014])
_______________
85 See University of the Philippines v. Dizon, G.R. No. 171182, August

23, 2012, 679 SCRA 54, 79-80.
86 Rollo, p. 266.
410

Disputes do not go to arbitration unless and until the

parties have agreed to abide by the arbitrator’s decision.
(Aboitiz Transport System Corporation vs. Carlos A.
Gothong Lines, Inc., 730 SCRA 178 [2014])
——o0o——
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9/9/2017 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 751

G.R. No. 212081. February 23, 2015.*

Remedial Law; Civil Law; Alternative Dispute Resolution Act

390 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

Same; Same; Same; Money Judgments; Section 26 of

PETITION for review on certiorari of a decision of the

VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 391

The Solicitor General for petitioner.

1 Rollo, pp. 19-35.

392 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

On October 25, 1994, the Commission on Audit (COA)

VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 393

Department of Environment and Natural Resources

They further agreed to submit their respective draft

11-2008, 01-2010, 04-2010, and 07-2010, which took effect on December

394 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

tionate share in the arbitration costs as agreed upon in

VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 395

Arbitral Tribunal, including the OSG, contrary to

36 Rule 11.2. When to request confirmation, correction/modification

396 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

Department of Environment and Natural Resources

It found no merit in petitioner’s contention that it was

42 SEC. 17.2 Motion for reconsideration or new trial.—A motion for

VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 397

The CA’s Ruling

49 Id., at pp. 39-49.

398 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

Rules, resulting in the dismissal of petitioner’s special

54 Entitled “An Act to Institutionalize the Use of an Alternative

VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 399

Rule 1.1 of the Special ADR Rules lists down the

of the Arbitration Agreement; (b) Referral to Alternative

58 See Rule 1.1 of the Special ADR Rules; emphasis supplied.

VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 400

not objected to by petitioner.63 By its referral to

proceedings itself, the parties had agreed to adopt the

a. an evident miscalculation of figures, a typographical or

agreement, may request the court to refer the parties to arbitration in

VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 401

Moreover, the parties may appeal the final award to the

2010 Motion for Reconsideration of the Arbitral Award,

SEC. 40. Confirmation of Award.—The confirmation of a

67 See Sec. 18.2, Rule 18 of the CIAC Rules.

402 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

The confirmation of a domestic award shall be made by

71 Rule 11.2. When to request confirmation, correction/modification

VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 403

a. Holding that the arbitration agreement is inexistent, invalid

72 Rule 19.7. No appeal or certiorari on the merits of an arbitral

404 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

(particularly, Section 4 thereof on the 60-day reglementary

VOL. 751, FEBRUARY 23, 2015 405

No statute can be enacted that can provide all the details

such collateral and subsidiary consequences as may be

75 Id., at pp. 702-703; p. 403, citing Chua v. Civil Service Commission,

406 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

All the more is such interpretation warranted under the

Further, let it be clarified that — contrary to petitioner’s

76 See Roa v. Collector of Customs, 23 Phil. 315, 339 (1912).