Technical Seminar Report

On
GAS INSULATOR SUBSTATION
A Technical Mini-Project Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of
Engineering under C.V. Raman College of Engineering, An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to BPUT

Guided By: Submitted By:

Asst. Prof. Manjushree Diptimayee Patra. Biswapratap Behera[1501227378]
Department of Electrical Engineering

C.V. Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar

An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to BPUT
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 Department of Electrical Engineering
C. V. Raman College of Engineering

CERTIFICATE

Signature of HOD Signature of External Signature of Project Guide

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Research Excellencies and an effective report design always needs the
assistance from various sides. It was not possible on our part to give a complete
and perfect touch without any assistance. Therefore I would like to express my
indebtedness to the following people for their unfailing assistance, enthusiasm and
ingenuity.
Firstly we would like to express our heartiest gratitude to Asst. Prof. Manjushree
Diptimayee Patra (EE) for their constant support and guidance.

Last but not the least I would like to extend my gratitude towards all the staff of
C.V. Raman College of Engineering for their timely cooperation, initiative,
administration, assistance and suggestion and much needed encouragement.

Yours Sincerely

Biswapratap Behera [1501227378]

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 DECLARATION

I am 5th semester student, bearing Regd. No. 1501227378 of C.V. RAMAN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING do here by declare that this technical seminar

entitled name “GAS INSULATOR SUBSTATION” submitted to C.V. Raman

Autonomous college, Bhubaneswar by us for the fulfillment of 5th Semester EE

degree is a record of original review work done by us under the direct supervision

and guidance of Dr. Sangram Keshori Mohapatra & Asst. Prof. Manjushree

Diptimayee Patra and it has not been submitted to any other university or

published anytime.

Date:
Bhubaneswar Biswapratap Behera [1501227378]

Semester: 5th Semester

Branch: Electrical Engineering
Sec: EE-01(C)

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 INDEX

 Abstract

 Introduction
 Gas Insulated Substation

 Internal equipments of GIS

 Description of equipments

 The needs of GIS

 Properties of sf6

 Images of GIS

 Application of GIS

 Pros & cons

 Conclusion

 References

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 ABSTRACT
GIS technology is typically of modular design and filled with a minimum of

SF6. It has low- LCC cost and can be used for indoor and outdoor

application. At these days the GIS technology started based on extensive

fundamental research and since then the service experience together with

innovative development work has brought this technique forward to a safe

and environmental compatible, a most reliable and available element of the

energy supply. The tremendous progress of development can be seen as an

example of the classic three phase enclosure of a 72.5-170 kV GIS. Reliable

and economical power transmission and distribution are key functions for

the future electric power supply. High-voltage switchgear and equipment for

voltages above 1 kV up to 800 kV are safety elements within the electrical

energy supply and therefore subjected to a very high standard of availability

and reliability. Gas insulated switchgear is used in industrial areas to fulfill

high-energy demands by space saving design with a minimum of cost. Only

SF6 insulated switchgear is able to fulfill these requirements.

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 INTRODUCTION

GIS was first developed in various countries between 1968 and 1972. After

about 5 years of experience, the use rate increased to about 20% of new

substations in countries where space is limited. In other countries with space

easily available, the higher cost of GIS relative to AIS has limited use to special

cases.For example, in the U.S., only about 2% of new substations are GIS.

International experience with GIS is described in a series of CIGRE papers

(CIGRE, 1992; 1994; 1982).

Compact, multi-component assembly.Enclosed in a ground metallic housing.

Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) gas – the primary insulating medium. (SF6) gas-

superior dielectric properties used at moderate pressure for phase to phase and

phase to ground insulation.Preferred for voltage ratings of 72.5 kV, 145 kV,

220 kV and 420 kV and above. Various equipment like Circuit Breakers, Bus-

Bars, Isolators, Load Break Switches, Current Transformers, Voltage

Transformers, Earthing Switches, etc. housed in metal enclosed modules filled

with SF6 gas.Phase conductor is almost always of Aluminium. The outer

enclosure is also of mild steel, although Aluminium is also available.

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 GAS INSULATED SUBSTATION

A gas insulated substation(GIS) is a substation that uses a superior

dielectric gas, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), high voltage. It is that the

high-voltage current carrying parts are within a metal enclosure and

are held in a concentric configuration by cast epoxy spacer

insulators. The space between the conductor and the enclosure is

filled with SF6 gas under moderate pressure. (SF6) gas- superior

dielectric properties used at moderate pressure for phase to phase

and phase to ground insulation. Preferred for voltage ratings of

72.5 kV, 145 kV, 300 kV and 420 kV and above.

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 INTERNAL EQUIPEMENTS OF GIS

Various equipments like Circuit Breakers, Bus-Bars, Isolators ,

Wave traps, Current Transformers, Voltage Transformers, Ground
switches etc. housed in metal enclosed modules filled with SF6
gas.

DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPEMENTS

BUS-BAR:An electrical conductor that carries a large current,

especially one that is part of a power distribution system; typically a

thick strip, or a tube, of copper or aluminum

CIRCUIT BREAKER:Under short circuit conditions, however,the

current may reach tens of thousands of amperes at a power factor as low

as 0.1. It is duty of a circuit breaker to interrupt such currents as soon as

possible to avoid equipment damage.

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ISOLATOR:Isolators are used for electrical isolation of circuit parts.
Disconnect switches can be three pole,group- operated,or single pole
operated. They are slow acting and operating at off load.

CURRENT TRANSFORMER:In the single phase enclosed core of

CT islocated outside the enclosure inside for threephase. Gas

compartment to reduce access of moisture and to suppress gas-tight

bushing for secondary connections.CT current rating is 120% of rated

primary current.

VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER:Variable location on feeder and

busbars. Integrated disconnecting facility for GIS and power cable
testing without dismantling and gas handling.

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EARTHING SWITCH:
Slow operating earthing switch are used forprotection purpose. When
work is being done in the substation, but are operated only when it is
certain that the high-voltage system is not energized. The fast closing
earthing switch can close against full voltage and short circuit power .

THE NEEDS OF GIS

 Non availability of sufficient space.

 Reduction in length of feeders.
 Improvement of the quality of voltage regulation due to short

length feeder.

 Total space required for GIS is 10% of the needed for a

conventional substation.

 GIS technology can be used for installations in areas where the cost

of real estates is appreciable.

 Overcome or decrease the magnitude of limitation of AIS site

selection.
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 PROPERTIES OF SF6

• Non-toxic, very stable chemically.

• Man-made.

• Lifetime – Very long (800 to 3200 years!).

• Insulating properties 3-times that of air.

• Colorless & heavier than air.

• Almost water insoluble.

• Non inflammable.

APPLICATION OF GIS

High voltage installations:

The higher the voltage, the more favorable gas insulated technology
becomes. The footprint of 765kV conventional substation is
enormous, and GIS technology allows a significant size reduction.
Urban Installations:
GIS technology can be used for installations in areas where the cost of
real estate or aesthetic appeal is a significant consideration.

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Indoor Installations:
Building an air insulated substation indoors is usually impractical, but a
GIS can easily go inside buildings.

Props OF GIS

Occupies very less space.

Most reliable.

Number of outages due to the fault is less.

Maintenance free.

Cons OF GIS

 High cost.

 Waves get reflected and refracted.

 Excessive damage incase of internal faults.

 Diagnosis of internal takes very long time.

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  SF6 gas pressure must be monitered in each compartment.
 SF6 cause ozone layer depletion and global warming.

CONCLUSION

GIS generate no noise and have no idea nor radio interference.

GIS is necessary for extra HV and Ultra HV substations.

More conservative.

REFERENCE

• www.google.com/gasinsulatedsubstation

• www.yahoo.com/gasinsulatedsubstation

• www.slideshare.com/gasinsulatedsubstation

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