Java Memory Management

Märt Bakhoff
Java Fundamentals
01.11.2016
 Agenda
●
JVM memory
●
Reference objects
●
Monitoring
●
Garbage collectors
– ParallelGC
– G1GC

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 JVM memory
●
Heap (user objects)
●
Non-heap
– Stack (per thread: call stack, local variables)
– Metaspace (class metadata)
– Direct Byte Buffers
– Native stuff (JNI, Java internals)

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Method call Locals Address Value

printSubstring s -> 0x1 0x1 “luke ...”

ss -> 0x33
offset = 6 0x27 String[0]
main args -> 0x27
info -> 0x1 0x33 “i’m your ...”

public class Example {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String info = new String("luke, i'm your father");
printSubstring(info, 6);
}

private static void printSubstring(String s, int offset) {

String ss = s.substring(offset);
System.out.println(ss);
}
} 4/144
 Tuning options
●
Ergonomics!
●
-Xms512M (initial heap size)
●
-Xmx2G (max heap size)
●
-Xss2M (max stack size, per thread)
●
java [options] classname [args]
●
All options at
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/tools/unix/java.html
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/vm/gctuning/

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 PermGen
●
Java 8+: class metadata lives in Metaspace
●
-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=size (default: unlimited)
●
Older versions: classes live in PermGen,
PermGen is a special part of the heap
●
OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
●
-XX:MaxPermSize=size (default: limited)

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 Generating garbage
●
Primitives in the stack, objects in the heap
●
Using new allocates objects in the heap
●
When and how are objects “deleted” and
heap space freed up?

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 Garbage collection (GC)
●
Sort garbage / live objects
●
Reclaims heap space
●
Fully automatic, no manual deallocation
Java GC vs C++ new/delete
●
Different GC algorithms exist

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 GC advantages
●
Avoid bugs
– forgetting to free the memory
– double freeing memory
– using already freed memory
●
Java specific
– No direct memory access
– Can't accidentally overwrite unrelated memory

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 GC disadvantages
●
Consumes resources
●
Automatic, no manual control
●
Unpredictable stalls
●
Harder to understand

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 How does it work?
●
Basic principle
– Find referenced objects
– Everything else is garbage
●
Reachability (GC roots)
– Classes loaded by system classloader (static fields!)
– Stack locals (local variables, parameters)
– Active threads
– JNI References

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 Consumes resources?
●
Extra memory + CPU for bookkeeping
●
Stop The World pauses all threads
●
Some applications need to tune GC:
pause duration vs pause frequency

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 Generational GC
●
Most objects die young
●
Generations: memory pools holding objects
of different ages
– Young generation: eden, survivors
– Old/tenured generation
●
Young-Old default size ratio 1:2

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 Young/Old

EDEN SURVIVOR OLD GEN

YOUNG GEN
(frequent collections)

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 GC algoritms
●
Serial
●
Parallel
●
Concurrent Mark-Sweep
●
Garbage first (G1)
●
IBM, Azul special stuff

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 Agenda
●
JVM memory
●
Reference objects
●
Monitoring
●
Garbage collectors
– ParallelGC
– G1GC

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 Reference objects
●
java.lang.ref package docs are useful
●
WeakReference<T>
●
PhantomReference<T>
●
ReferenceQueue<T>

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 Detour: memory leaks
interface Passenger {
void trainArrived();
}

class TrainStation {
private final List<Passenger> passengers = new...
public void startWaiting(Passenger passenger) {
passengers.add(passenger);
}
public void leave(Passenger passenger) {
passengers.remove(passenger);
}
public void onTrainArrived() {
passengers.forEach(Passenger::trainArrived);
}
}
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 Detour: memory leaks
interface Passenger {
void trainArrived();
}

class TrainStation {
private final List<Passenger> passengers = new...
public void startWaiting(Passenger passenger) {
passengers.add(passenger);
}
public void leave(Passenger passenger) {
passengers.remove(passenger);
}
public void onTrainArrived() {
passengers.forEach(Passenger::trainArrived);
}
}
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 WeakReference<T>
Keep a reference without preventing GC

private final WeakReference<SomethingBig> weakRef;

public Example(SomethingBig sb) {

this.weakRef = new WeakReference<>(sb);
}

private void tryPrint() {

SomethingBig strongRef = weakRef.get();
System.out.println(strongRef != null
? strongRef
: "collected");
}
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 Make it foolproof
interface Passenger {
void trainArrived();
}

class TrainStation {
private final List<Passenger> passengers = new...
public void startWaiting(Passenger passenger) {
passengers.add(passenger);
}
public void leave(Passenger passenger) {
passengers.remove(passenger);
}
public void onTrainArrived() {
passengers.forEach(Passenger::trainArrived);
}
}
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 Weaker TrainStation
class TrainStation {
private List<WeakReference<Passenger>> passengers;

public void startWaiting(Passenger passenger) {

passengers.add(new WeakReference<>(passenger));
}

public void onTrainArrived() {

for (WeakReference<Passenger> ref : passengers) {
Passenger passenger = ref.get();
if (passenger != null)
passenger.trainArrived();
}
}
}
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 Detour: finalizers
From java.lang.Object JavaDoc
●
protected void finalize()
Called by the garbage collector on an object
when garbage collection determines that
there are no more references to the object.
●
Safety net for file streams, network sockets,
JDBC connections, etc.

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 Detour: finalizers
From “Effective Java” by Joshua Bloch
●
Finalizers are unpredictable, often
dangerous, and generally unnecessary.
●
Not only does the language specification
provide no guarantee that finalizers will get
executed promptly; it provides no guarantee
that they’ll get executed at all.

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 Detour: finalizers
Trolling the garbage collector:
public class Test {
static Test t;
@Override
public void finalize() {
t = this; // I refuse to die
}
}

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 PhantomReference<T>
●
Not a reference, but a GC token
●
Only usable with a ReferenceQueue
●
Enqueued by the garbage collector,
only after referent is collected
●
get() -> null always!

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 PhantomReference<T>
Example e = new Example();
ReferenceQueue<Example> queue =
new ReferenceQueue<>();
PhantomReference<Example> phantom =
new PhantomReference<>(e, queue);
e = null;

// generate garbage, cause a GC

Reference<?> collected = queue.remove();
if (collected == phantom) {
// our e has been collected
}
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 Agenda
●
JVM memory
●
Reference objects
●
Monitoring
●
Garbage collectors
– ParallelGC
– G1GC

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 GC logging
●
-XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps
●
-XX:+PrintGCDetails
●
-Xloggc:filename
●
Output depends heavily on GC algo
●
Read the fine manual:
plumbr.eu/java-garbage-collection-handbook
“GC Algorithms: Implementations”

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 ParallelGC minor
2015-05-26T14:27:40.915-0200: 116.115:
[GC (Allocation Failure)
[PSYoungGen: 2 694 440K -> 1 305 132K (2 796 544K)]
9 556 775K -> 8 438 926K (11 185 152K), 0.24066 secs
]
[Times: user=1.77 sys=0.01, real=0.24 secs]

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 ParallelGC full
2015-05-26T14:27:41.155-0200: 116.356:
[Full GC (Ergonomics)
[PSYoungGen: 1 305 132K -> 0K(2 796 544K)]
[ParOldGen: 7 133 794K -> 6 597 672K (8 388 608K)]
8 438 926K -> 6 597 672K (11 185 152K),
[Metaspace: 6 745K -> 6 745K (1 056 768K)] ,
0.91588 secs
]
[Times: user=4.49 sys=0.64, real=0.92 secs]

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 G1 minor
0.134: [GC pause (G1 Evacuation Pause)
(young), 0.0144119 secs] ... [
Eden: 24.0M (24.0M) -> 0.0B (13.0M)
Survivors: 0.0B -> 3072.0K
Heap: 24.0M (256.0M) -> 21.9M (256.0M)
]
[Times: user=0.04 sys=0.04, real=0.02 secs]

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 GC overhead
116.356: [Full GC ...
117.331: [Full GC ...
118.378: [Full GC ...
119.316: [Full GC ...
java.lang.OutOfMemoryError:
GC overhead limit exceeded
Frequent+quick minor collections expected

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 Heap dumps
●
JVisualVM
●
Eclipse memory analyzer (MAT)
●
jmap -heap / -histo / -dump:... <pid>
●
-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemory
-XX:HeapDumpPath=path

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 jmap
$ jmap -heap 1244
Heap Usage: PS Old Generation

PS Young Generation capacity = (167.0MB)

capacity = (930.0MB) used = (2.9MB)

used = (595.2MB) free = (164.0MB)

free = (334.7MB) 1.7% used
64.0% used
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 jmap
$ jmap -histo 1244
num #instances #bytes class name
----------------------------------------------
1: 250080 217038824 [C
2: 874 11646608 [I
3: 250040 6000960 java.lang.String
4: 577 85968 [Ljava.lang.Object;
5: 582 66144 java.lang.Class
6: 22 25312 [B
7: 109 7848 j.l.r.Field

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 jps + jmap
$ jps -lv
30086 com.intellij.idea.Main ...
1738 sun.tools.jps.Jps ...
1659 org.jetbrains.jps.cmdline.Launcher ...
1660 com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain ...
$ jmap -dump:format=b,file=dump.bin 1660
Dumping heap to /tmp/dump.bin ...
Heap dump file created

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Eclipse memory analyzer

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Eclipse memory analyzer

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JVisualVM

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JVisualVM

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 JVisualVM
●
Bundled with JDK
●
Windows:
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.x\bin\jvisualvm.exe
●
Linux:
jvisualvm or visualvm
(apt-get install visualvm)
●
Compile & Run: https://goo.gl/L3dhos

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5min break

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 Agenda
●
JVM memory
●
Reference objects
●
Monitoring
●
Garbage collectors
– ParallelGC
– G1GC

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 ParallelGC
●
GC roots
– static fields
– stack locals
– threads
●
Young gen: eden, survivor to/from
●
Old gen
●
Stop The World pauses

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 RUNNING/
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS
STOP THE WORLD

EDEN SURVIVOR 1 SURVIVOR 2 OLD

YOUNG

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

EDEN S1 S2 OLD

2015-05-26T14:27:40.915-0200: 116.115:
[GC (Allocation Failure) ... ]

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

EDEN S1 S2 OLD

Find live objects, starting from GC roots (mark)

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

EDEN S1 S2 OLD

Move live objects to survivors (compacting)

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

EDEN S1 S2 OLD

Mark EDEN as clean

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

2015-05-26T14:27:41.915-0200: 117.115:
[GC (Allocation Failure) ... ]

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

Find live objects, starting from GC roots (mark)

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

Find live objects, starting from GC roots (mark)

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

Move live objects to survivors (compacting)

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

Mark EDEN+S1 as clean

S1/S2 compaction

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

2015-05-26T14:27:43.915-0200: 119.115:
[GC (Allocation Failure) ... ]

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

Find live objects, starting from GC roots (mark)

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

Find live objects, starting from GC roots (mark)

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1 1 2
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

Move live objects to survivors (compacting)

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1 1 2
EDEN S1 S2 OLD

Move live objects to survivors or old (compacting)

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1 1 2
EDEN S1 S2 OLD
Card Table

Old Gen has a “Card Table” (card region ~2M)

Identifies regions that reference Young Gen

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1 1 2
EDEN S1 S2 OLD
Card Table

Mark EDEN+S2 as clean

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 2 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD
Card Table

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 2 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD
Card Table

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 2 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD
Card Table

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 2 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD
Card Table

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 2 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD
Card Table

2015-05-26T14:27:44.915-0200: 120.115:
[GC (Allocation Failure) ... ]

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 2 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD
Card Table

Find live objects, starting from GC roots (mark)

* Don’t look for live objects in Old Gen

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 2 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD
Card Table

Find live objects, starting from GC roots (mark)

* Don’t look for live objects in Old Gen
* Scan Card Table regions for extra references

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 2 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD
Card Table

Find live objects, starting from GC roots (mark)

* Don’t look for live objects in Old Gen
* Scan Card Table regions for extra references

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 2 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD
Card Table

Find live objects, starting from GC roots (mark)

* Don’t look for live objects in Old Gen
* Scan Card Table regions for extra references

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 1 2
EDEN S1 S2 OLD
Card Table

Move live objects to survivors or old (compacting)

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 1 2
EDEN S1 S2 OLD
Card Table

Move live objects to survivors or old (compacting)

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 STOP THE WORLD
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

1 2
EDEN S1 S2 OLD
Card Table

Mark EDEN+S1 as clean

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 RUNNING
GC ROOTS STACK STATIC FIELDS

2 1 1 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD
Card Table

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 Recap: ParallelGC
●
Allocate to eden
●
Copy live objects to survivors or old
●
Clear entire eden + cleared survivor space
●
Promote repeat-survivors to Old gen
●
Use Card Tables to avoid scanning Old gen
●
Use Old objects as GC roots in minor collection
●
Full GC when everything is full

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 ParallelGC insights (1)
●
Reference scanning expensive
●
size(Old) > size(Young)
●
Card Table -> avoid most scanning

2 2 1
EDEN S1 S2 OLD
Card Table

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 ParallelGC insights (2)
●
Objects die young
●
Copy only live objects
●
Don’t touch Old Gen until Full GC

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 G1
●
Generational: young (eden, survivor), old
●
Aims for short Stop The World pauses
●
Thousands of non-contiguous regions
●
Concurrent marking

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 RUNNING/
STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS

FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 RUNNING

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS

FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 RUNNING

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS

FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 RUNNING

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS

FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 RUNNING

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS

FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 RUNNING

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS

FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS

FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

[GC pause (G1 Evacuation Pause) (young) ..]

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Collection Set: all young
 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS

FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

Mark objects reachable from roots 107/144

 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS

FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS

FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

Move to new survivor region 109/144

 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS

FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

Free evacuated regions 110/144

 RUNNING

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS
1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 RUNNING

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS
1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 RUNNING

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS
1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 RUNNING

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS
1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 RUNNING

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS
1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS
1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

[GC pause (G1 Evacuation Pause) (young) ..]

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Collection Set: all young
 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS
1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

Mark objects reachable from roots 117/144

 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS
1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

Move to new survivor region / old 118/144

 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
1
OLD

Move to new survivor region / old 119/144

 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
1
OLD

Move to new survivor region / old 120/144

 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS

FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
1
OLD

Free evacuated regions 121/144

 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS

FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
1
OLD

Update RSets (Per region Card Table on steroids)

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old->old, old->young
 RUNNING

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS 1 1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 RUNNING

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS 1 1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 RUNNING

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS 1 1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 RUNNING

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS 1 1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

Update RSet: old->young

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 RUNNING

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS 1 1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS 1 1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

[GC pause (G1 Evacuation Pause) (young) ..]

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Collection Set: all young
 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS 1 1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

Mark objects reachable from roots 129/144

 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS 1 1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

Mark objects reachable from roots and RSets 130/144

 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS 1 1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

Move to new survivor region / old 131/144

 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS 1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD
1

Move to new survivor region / old 132/144

 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS 1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD
1

Move to new survivor region / old 133/144

 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS 1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD
1

Update RSet: old->young

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 STOP THE WORLD

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS

FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD
1

Free evacuated regions 135/144

 RUNNING

GC ROOTS

STACK

STATIC FIELDS 1

1
FREE
EDEN
SURVIVOR
OLD

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 Meanwhile..
●
Concurrent marking
●
Start from GC roots
●
Find all live objects
●
Sort regions by “liveness”

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 After concurrent marking
●
Stop The World
●
Scrub RSets
●
Collection set: all young
+ Old with least live objects
●
1.269: [GC pause (mixed) ... ]
●
Amount of old regions selected ~ pause time

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 Recap: G1
●
Use concurrent marking
●
Collection set: all young
+ hand picked old (most garbage)
●
Find live objects from GC roots + RSets
●
Compact to new survivors / old regions
●
Free entire evacuated regions

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 G1 insights
●
Avoid reference scanning with RSets
●
Avoid long pauses with mixed collection:
never clean entire Old Gen
●
Only collect Old regions with most garbage
– -> don’t touch live Old objects
– -> more time to become garbage
– Less live objects -> less copying

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 Homework (1)
●
Use PhantomReferences to write a finalize() replacement
●
User can register several cleanup tasks for any object
●
PostCollectionTaskRunner starts a thread that runs
cleanup tasks in the background

interface PostCollectionTaskRunner {
void register(Object o, Runnable task);
void shutdown() throws Exception;
}

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 Homework (2)
●
Run with ParallelGC (Java8 default).
Enable detailed GC logging. Cause a Full GC.
●
Submit the GC log + following comments:
– for one minor collection: time since last collection and bytes
freed for young gen
– for one Full GC: bytes freed for young gen, old gen, total heap
size
●
Use max heap size 64M
●
Also submit code for triggering Full GC

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 Homework (3)
●
Phantoms expensive ->
use 1 per managed object
●
Don’t keep stuff for dead objects
●
Reasonably efficient code:
no Thread#sleep, crazy list iterations, etc.
●
shutdown() -> stop thread, clear data
●
Deadline: 07 Nov 23:59 local time

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 Read more..
●
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guid
es/vm/gctuning/
●
https://plumbr.eu/handbook/garbage-collection-
algorithms-implementations
●
https://vimeo.com/181948157
●
https://stackoverflow.com/q/19154607
●
http://insightfullogic.com/2013/Mar/06/garbage-
collection-java-2/

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