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Prueba

The document presents the mathematical modeling of a buck converter circuit operating in continuous conduction mode. It derives the state space equations describing the inductor current and capacitor voltage over two intervals in each switching period. It then uses averaging techniques to obtain the continuous-time linearized model around an operating point. The model captures the dynamics of small perturbations in the system through additional terms dependent on the perturbation in duty cycle.

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maquina1
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46 views6 pages

Prueba

The document presents the mathematical modeling of a buck converter circuit operating in continuous conduction mode. It derives the state space equations describing the inductor current and capacitor voltage over two intervals in each switching period. It then uses averaging techniques to obtain the continuous-time linearized model around an operating point. The model captures the dynamics of small perturbations in the system through additional terms dependent on the perturbation in duty cycle.

Uploaded by

maquina1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Estado ON

𝑣𝐿 = 𝑣𝑐 − 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡
𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑣𝑐 − 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡
𝐿 = 𝑣𝑐 − 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 → =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝐿
𝑖𝑔 (𝑡) + 𝑖𝑐 (𝑡) = 𝑖𝐿 (𝑡) → 𝑖𝑐 (𝑡) = −𝑖𝑔 (𝑡) + 𝑖𝐿 (𝑡)

𝑑𝑣𝑐 (𝑡)
𝐶 = 𝑖𝑔 (𝑡) − 𝑖𝐿 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
Hipótesis de bajo rizado:

𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑐 − 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡
𝑑𝑖 𝑉𝑐 − 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡
=
𝑑𝑡 𝐿
𝑖𝑐 = −𝑖𝑔 + 𝑖𝐿

𝑑𝑉𝑐
𝐶 = −𝑖𝑔 + 𝑖𝐿
𝑑𝑡

Estado OFF
𝑖𝑐 = 𝑖𝑔

𝑣𝐿 = −𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡
𝑑𝑖 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡
=−
𝑑𝑡 𝐿
𝑑𝑣𝑐
𝐶 = 𝑖𝑔
𝑑𝑡
Razón de transformación:
(𝑉𝑐 − 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 )𝐷𝑇𝑠 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 ′
𝑀(𝐷) = −( ) 𝐷 𝑇𝑠 = 0
𝐿 𝐿
(𝑉𝑐 − 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 )𝐷 = 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 (1 − 𝐷)

𝑉𝑐 𝐷 − 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 𝐷 = 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 − 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 𝐷


𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡
𝑉𝑐 𝐷 = 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 → =𝐷
𝑉𝑐
𝑑𝑖𝐿
𝐿 = 𝐷(𝑉𝑐 − 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 ) + 𝐷 ′ (−𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 )
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉𝑐
𝐶 = 𝐷(−𝑖𝑔 + 𝑖𝐿 ) + 𝐷 ′ (𝐼𝑔 )
𝑑𝑡
Variables de estado
𝑑𝑖(𝑡)
𝐿 𝑖𝑔 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑥(𝑡) = [ 𝑑𝑡 ] ; 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡) 𝑢(𝑡) = [ ]
𝑑𝑣𝑐 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)
𝐶
𝑑𝑡
Primer intervalo
𝑑𝑖𝐿 (𝑡)
𝐿
[ 𝑑𝑡 ] = [0 1] [ 𝑖𝐿 (𝑡) ] + [ 0 −1] [ 𝑖𝑔 (𝑡) ]
𝑑𝑉𝑐 ⏟
1 0 𝑣𝑐 (𝑡) ⏟−1 0 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)
𝐶 𝐴1 𝐵1
𝑑𝑡
𝑖𝐿 (𝑡) 𝑖 (𝑡)
[𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)] = [⏟
0 1] [ [0 −1] [ 𝑔
]+⏟ ]
𝑣𝑐 (𝑡) 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)
𝐶1 𝐸1

Segundo intervalo
𝑑𝑖𝐿 (𝑡)
𝐿 0 0 0 𝑖𝐿 (𝑡) 0 −1 𝑖𝑔 (𝑡)
[ ] [ 𝑑𝑡 ] = [ ][ ]+[ ][ ]
0 𝐶 𝑑𝑉𝑐 ⏟0 0 𝑣𝑐 (𝑡) ⏟1 0 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)
𝐴2 𝐵2
𝑑𝑡
𝑖𝐿 (𝑡) 𝑖𝑔 (𝑡)
[𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)] = [⏟
0 0] [ ] + [⏟0 −1] [ ]
𝑣𝑐 (𝑡) 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)
𝐶2 𝐸2
Sumando las ecuaciones bilineales en ambos intervalos, aplicar D y D’
𝑑𝑖𝐿 (𝑡)
𝐿 0 0 𝐷 𝑖𝐿 (𝑡) 0 −1 𝑖𝑔 (𝑡)
[ ] [ 𝑑𝑡 ] = [ ][ ]+[ ][ ]
0 𝐶 𝑑𝑉𝑐 ⏟𝐷 0 𝑣𝑐 (𝑡) ⏟−2𝐷 + 1 0 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑖𝐿 (𝑡) 𝑖𝑔 (𝑡)
[𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)] = [⏟0 𝐷] [ ] + [⏟0 −1] [ ]
𝑣𝑐 (𝑡) 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)

Linealizando la ecuación:
𝑑𝑥̂(𝑡)
𝐾 = 𝐴𝑥̂(𝑡) + 𝐵𝑢̂(𝑡) + [(𝐴1 − 𝐴2 )𝑋 + (𝐵1 − 𝐵2 )𝑈]𝑑̂(𝑡) (1)
𝑑𝑡
𝑦̂(𝑡) = 𝐶𝑥̂(𝑡) + 𝐸𝑢̂(𝑡) + [(𝐶1 − 𝐶2 )𝑋 + (𝐸1 − 𝐸2 )𝑈]𝑑̂(𝑡) (2)
El resultado de (𝐴1 − 𝐴2 )𝑋 + (𝐵1 − 𝐵2 )𝑈

0 1 𝐼𝐿 0 0 𝐼𝑔
[ ][ ]+ [ ][ ]
1 0 𝑐𝑉 −2 0 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡
𝑉 0
[ 𝑐 ] + [−2𝐼 ]
𝐼𝐿 𝑔

𝑉𝑐
[𝐼 − 2𝐼 ]
𝐿 𝑔

Ahora resolviendo para (1)


𝑑𝑖̂𝐿 (𝑡)
𝐿
𝑑𝑡 ] = [ 0 𝐷 𝑖̂𝐿 (𝑡) 0 −1 𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑡) 𝑉𝑐
[ ][ ]+[ ][ ] + [𝐼 − 2𝐼 ] [𝑑̂(𝑡)]
𝑑𝑣̂𝑐 𝐷 0 𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑡) −2𝐷 + 1 0 𝐸̂𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡) 𝐿 𝑔
𝐶
𝑑𝑡
El resultado de (𝐶1 − 𝐶2 )𝑋 + (𝐸1 − 𝐸2 )𝑈
𝐼 𝐼𝑔
[0 1] [𝑉𝐿 ] + [0 0] [ ]
𝑐 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡
[𝑉𝑐 ] + [0]
[𝑉𝑐 ]

Resolviendo para (2)

𝑖̂ (𝑡) 𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑡)


[𝐸̂𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)] = [0 𝐷 ] [ 𝐿 ] + [0 −1] [ ̂ ] + [𝑉𝑐 ][𝑑̂(𝑡)]
𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑡) 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑖̂𝐿 (𝑡)
𝐿 = 𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑡)𝐷 − 𝐸̂𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡) + 𝑉𝑐 𝑑̂(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑡)
𝐶 = 𝑖̂𝐿 (𝑡)𝐷 + 𝐼𝐿 𝑑̂(𝑡) − 2𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑡)𝐷 + 𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑡) − 2𝐼𝑔 𝑑̂(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝐸̂𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡) = 𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑡)𝐷 − 𝐸̂𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡) + 𝑉𝑐 𝑑̂(𝑡)

Análisis por el otro lado:


Subinteralo 1
𝑑𝑖(𝑡)
𝐿 = 𝑣𝑐 − 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣𝑐 (𝑡)
𝐶 = 𝑖𝐿 (𝑡) − 𝑖𝑔 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
Subintervalo 2
𝑑𝑖(𝑡)
𝐿 = −𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣𝑐 (𝑡)
𝐶 = 𝑖𝑔 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
PROMEDIANDO:
𝑑⟨𝑖𝐿 (𝑡)⟩ 𝑇𝑠
𝐿 = 𝑑(𝑡)(⟨𝑣𝑐 (𝑡)⟩ 𝑇𝑠 − ⟨𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)⟩ 𝑇𝑠 ) + 𝑑′ (𝑡)(−⟨𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 ⟩ 𝑇𝑠 )
𝑑𝑡
𝑑⟨𝑣𝑐 (𝑡)⟩ 𝑇𝑠
𝐶 = 𝑑(𝑡) (⟨𝑖𝐿 (𝑡)⟩ 𝑇𝑠 − ⟨𝑖𝑔 (𝑡)⟩ ) + 𝑑′ (𝑡) (⟨𝑖𝑔 (𝑡)⟩ )
𝑑𝑡 𝑇𝑠 𝑇𝑠

RESOLVIENDO
𝑑⟨𝑖𝐿 (𝑡)⟩ 𝑇𝑠
𝐿 = 𝑑(𝑡)⟨𝑣𝑐 (𝑡)⟩ 𝑇𝑠 − ⟨𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 ⟩ 𝑇𝑠
𝑑𝑡
𝑑⟨𝑣𝑐 (𝑡)⟩ 𝑇𝑠
𝐶 = 𝑑(𝑡)⟨𝑖𝐿 (𝑡)⟩ 𝑇𝑠 + ⟨𝑖𝑔 (𝑡)⟩ − 2⟨𝑖𝑔 (𝑡)⟩ 𝑑(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑇𝑠 𝑇𝑠

AGREGANDO PERTURBACIONES:

𝐼𝐿 𝑖̂𝐿 (𝑡)
𝐿𝑑( + ) = (𝐷 + 𝑑̂(𝑡)) (𝑉𝑐 + 𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑡)) − (𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 + 𝐸̂𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡))
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑉𝑐 𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑡)
𝐶𝑑( + ) = (𝐷 + 𝑑̂(𝑡)) (𝐼𝐿 + 𝑖̂𝐿 (𝑡)) + (𝐼𝑔 + 𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑡)) − 2 (𝐼𝑔 + 𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑡)) (𝐷 + 𝑑̂(𝑡))
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
RESOLVIENDO PARA EL INDUCTOR:

𝑖̂𝐿 (𝑡)
𝐿𝑑( ) = 𝐷𝑉𝑐 + 𝑑̂(𝑡)𝑉𝑐 + 𝐷𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑡) + 𝑑̂(𝑡)𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑡) − 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 − 𝐸̂𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡

𝑖̂𝐿 (𝑡)
𝐿𝑑( )=⏟ 𝑑̂(𝑡)𝑉𝑐 + 𝐷𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑡) − 𝐸̂𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡) + ⏟
𝐷𝑉𝑐 − 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑡 + ⏟ 𝑑̂(𝑡)𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝐷𝐶 𝐴𝐶 1°𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝐶 2° 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛

Por lo tanto:

𝑖̂𝐿 (𝑡)
𝐿𝑑( ) = 𝑑̂(𝑡)𝑉𝑐 + 𝐷𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑡) − 𝐸̂𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡

RESOLVIENDO PARA CAPACITOR:

𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑡)
𝐶 𝑑( ) = 𝐷𝐼𝐿 + 𝐷𝑖̂𝐿 (𝑡) + 𝑑̂(𝑡)𝐼𝐿 + 𝑑̂(𝑡)𝑖̂(𝑡) + 𝐼𝑔 + 𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
− 2 (𝐷𝐼𝑔 + 𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑡)𝐷 + 𝐼𝑔 𝑑̂(𝑡) + 𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑡)𝑑̂(𝑡))

Por lo tanto:

𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑡)
𝐶 𝑑( ) = 𝐷𝑖̂𝐿 (𝑡) + 𝑑̂(𝑡)𝐼𝐿 + 𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑡) − 2 (𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑡)𝐷 + 𝐼𝑔 𝑑̂(𝑡))
𝑑𝑡

Aplicando Laplace a ecuación de inductor y capacitor

𝑆𝐿 𝑖̂𝐿 (𝑠) = 𝑑̂(𝑠)𝑉𝑐 + 𝐷𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑠) − 𝐸̂𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑠) (3)

𝑆𝐶 𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑠) = 𝐷𝑖̂𝐿 (𝑠) + 𝑑̂(𝑠)𝐼𝐿 + 𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑠) − 2 (𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑠)𝐷 + 𝐼𝑔 𝑑̂(𝑠)) (4)

De (3)

𝑑̂(𝑠)𝑉𝑐 + 𝐷𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑠) − 𝐸̂𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑠)


𝑖̂𝐿 (𝑠) = (5)
𝑆𝐿
Reemplazando 5 en 4

𝑑̂(𝑠)𝑉𝑐 + 𝐷𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑠) − 𝐸̂𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑠)


𝑆𝐶 𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑠) = 𝐷 ( ) + 𝑑̂(𝑠)𝐼𝐿 + 𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑠) − 2 (𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑠)𝐷 + 𝐼𝑔 𝑑̂(𝑠))
𝑆𝐿

𝑆 2 𝐿𝐶𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑠) = 𝐷𝑑̂(𝑠)𝑉𝑐 + 𝐷 2 𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑠) − 𝐸̂𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑠)𝐷 + 𝑆𝐿𝑑̂(𝑠)𝐼𝐿 + 𝑆𝐿𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑠) − 2𝑆𝐿𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑠)𝐷 − 2𝑆𝐿𝐼𝑔 𝑑̂(𝑠)

𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑠)(𝑆 2 𝐿𝐶 − 𝐷 2 ) = 𝑑̂(𝑠)(𝐷𝑉𝑐 + 𝑆𝐿𝐼𝐿 − 2𝑆𝐿𝐼𝑔 ) + 𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑠)(𝑆𝐿 − 2𝑆𝐿𝐷) − (𝐸̂𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑠)𝐷)

FUNCIONES DE TRANFERENCIA

𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑠) 𝑆𝐿 − 2𝑆𝐿𝐷


| =
𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑠) 𝐸̂ ̂ (𝑠)=0 𝑆 2 𝐿𝐶 − 𝐷 2
𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑠)=0 ;𝑑
𝐸̂𝑏𝑎𝑡 (𝑠) 𝑆 2 𝐿𝐶 − 𝐷 2
| =
𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑠) 𝑖̂ ̂ (𝑠)=0 −𝐷
𝑔 (𝑠)=0 ;𝑑

𝑣̂𝑐 (𝑠) 𝐷𝑉𝑐 + 𝑆𝐿𝐼𝐿 − 2𝑆𝐿𝐼𝑔


| =
𝑑̂(𝑠) 𝑇𝑂𝐷𝑂=0
𝑆 2 𝐿𝐶 − 𝐷 2

𝑖̂𝑔 (𝑠) −𝐷𝑉𝑐 − 𝑆𝐿𝐼𝐿 + 2𝑆𝐿𝐼𝑔


| =
𝑑̂(𝑠) 𝑇𝑂𝐷𝑂=0
𝑆𝐿 − 2𝑆𝐿𝐷

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