Water Level Monitoring And Control Using Smart Phone

N.Santhana Lakshmi,
PG Scholar
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli
Email:[email protected]

ABSTRACT:In this paper, we present the idea of water level monitoring and control using smart phone with PIC16F877A microcontroller,
which is the prime component of this project. Four level sensors are used to sense the level of water in the tanks. The arrival of municipal
water is sensed by water detective sensor and sends the signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller sends signal to the GSM modem,
which sends message to the mobile phone. The valve is controlled by sending message from mobile phone. Depending on the level of water
in lower and overhead tank, the motor gets ON/OFF using mobile phone. The voltage and current sensors are used to operate the motor at
normal conditions, so that the damage of motor will be avoided. This process can be done from anywhere. The main aim of the project is to
avoid the wastage of water. According to our convenience, the valve and motor can be controlled.
Keywords— PIC16F877A microcontroller, GSM Modem, Relay, Sensors, MAX232 USART, LCD Display

1.INTRODUCTION
Almost 70% of earth’s surface is covered with water and from that also about 2% of the planet’s
water is fresh. Nowadays drinking water crisis in India is one of the major problem. It might very
soon become a global crisis. It is found that much of the water is wasted due to the lack of water
monitoring systems. In many houses there is unnecessary wastage of water due to overflow in
overhead tanks. Hence it is very important to preserve water. In recent times, smart phones have
become an important part of our daily life. Usage of smart phones helps in doing all-around
businesses at anytime and anywhere. Hence water level monitoring and control using smart phone can
provide a solution to this problem. This system makes potential significance in home applications.
The system consists of MAX232 interfaced with GSM modem. The level controllers can be used with
sensors. The sensors will sense the level of water inside the tank and ON/OFF the motor. The level
controller used here is the magnetic and float sensors which will sense the low and high level of water
in the tank. The motivation for this project is the need to bring a solution to the problem of water
wastage in various places

2. SIMULATION PART
The software part consists of the following
1. MikroC Compiler
2. Proteus Software

MIKROC COMPILER
The MikroC PRO for PIC is a full featured ANSI C compiler for PIC devices from Microchip. It is
the best solution for developing code for PIC devices. It is a powerful compiler with advanced
optimizations, lots of hardware and software libraries, and additional tools that helped in our work.
Compiler comes with comprehensive help file lots of ready to use examples are designed to get. A
PIC Microcontroller can be easily made to communicate with LCD by using the built in libraries of
MikroC. Interfacing between PIC and LCD can be a 4 bit or 8 bit. The difference between 4 bit and 8
bit is how data are sent to the LCD.In the 8 bit mode to write an 8 bit character to the LCD module,
ASCII data is sent through the data lines DB0-DB7 and data strobe is given throughthe E line.But 4
bit mode uses only 4 data lines. In this mode 8 bit ASCII data is divided into 2 parts which are sent
sequentially through data lines DB4-DB7 with its own data strobe through the line. The idea of 4 bit
communication is to save as many pins that used to interface with LCD.The 4 bit communication is a
bit slower when compared to 8 bit.The speed difference is only minimal, as LCDs are slow speed
devices and the tiny speed difference between these two modes is not significant. Thus the 4 bit mode
data transmission is most commonly used

PROTEUS SOFTWARE
Proteus was initially created as a multi-platform system to manipulate text and binary files. The
language was later focused on Windows by adding hundreds of specialized functions for network and
serial communication, databaseinterrogation, system service creation, console applications and
keyboard emulation. Most of these additional functions are only available in the Windows, even
though a Linux version is still available.Proteus was designed to be practical easy to use, efficient
readable and consistent.Proteus includes function for accessing file system, sorting data manipulating
data’s and strings, interacting with the use, calculating the logical and mathematical expressions. Data
types supported by Proteus are integer numbers, floating point numbers and strings.Proteusis a
software technology that allows creating clinical executable decision support guidelines with little
effort. A software tool that allows creating and executing clinical decision support guidelines using
the Proteus approach. The tool called Protean, allows creating new guidelines or existing ones very
easily. Much of the editing is done by editing and dropping.Proteus is an interpreted language and the
programs are loaded into memory, precompiled and run; since the number of built-in functions is
large, execution speed is usually very good and often comparable to that of compiled programs

3. METHODOLOGY
In this project, there are two modes: Automatic and Manual mode. According to our convenience,
mode can be selected using smart phone. When the municipal water enters, it is sensed by the sensor
which immediately sends the message to the mobile through microcontroller and the valve gets
opened. Only when the water reaches the high level in the lower tank and the water in the overhead
tank is high, the valve gets closed. The sensor in the overhead tank senses the level of water. Motor
gets ON when the water is in high level in the lower tank and low level in the overhead tank. Motor
gets OFF when the water is in 1. Low level in lower tank and high level in overhead tank. 2. Low
level in both lower and overhead tank. The motor and the valve is controlled through the mobile
phone.
4. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION:

To mobile
phone

GSM
LCD Display Modem

Power PIC
Supply Microcontroller
Municipal
water in HS
Pipe
Sensor HS
Overhead
Valve Tank
Lower
Tank
LS
LS- Low Level Sensor
Motor LS
HS- High Level Sensor
Pipe

Fig: Block diagram of water level monitoring and control using smart phone

Fig: Water level monitoring and control using smart phone

A. PIC16F877A microcontroller
PIC16F877A Microcontroller is a 40 pin package, mid-range microcontroller. Its
performance is low cost, low power consumption, easy handling, flexibility and high speed. It is a
RISC design and has only 35 instructions to remember. Microcontroller operates in 5V. It consists of
8 ADC channels capable of 10 bit each. The program memory size is 14KB and the RAM capacity is
368 bytes.
PIC16F877A Microcontroller has 5 basic input/output ports. They are PORT A, PORT B, PORTC,
PORT D and PORT E. These ports are used for input/output interfacing. All these ports are
bidirectional.

B. LCD Display
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of
applications. A 16x2 LCD Display is very basic module and is very commonly used in devices and
circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. A 16x2
LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are two such lines.

C. GSM modem
GSM is an acronym that stands for Global System for Mobile Communication. It is very compact in
size and easy to use as a plug in GSM modem. It is suitable for SMS as well as data transfer
application in mobile phone to mobile phone interface. The GSM modem allows user to directly
interface with PIC microcontroller. The modem can be interfaced with a microcontroller using
USART (Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter).

D. MAX232 IC
MAX232 is a chip used in USART. It is a basic interface which provides a cost effective, simple and
reliable communication between one to another controller or between a controller and PC. The most
commonly used RS232 level converter is MAX232. It generates voltage levels from 5v power supply.

E. Power Supply
The power supply consists of three sections, such as Step down transformer, Bridge Rectifier and
Voltage Regulator. Step down transformer is used to step down voltage from 230V to 18V AC.
Bridge Rectifier converts 18V AC to 18V DC. Two regulators are used, LM7812 and LM7805 to
convert 18V DC to 12V and 5V DC respectively.

F. Sensors
Sensor is an electrical ON/OFF switch which operates automatically depending on the level of water.
Four sensors are used to sense the level of water in the tank. Two sensors are used in lower tank and
the other two sensors are used in overhead tank. In low level, magnetic sensors are used and in high
level, float sensors are used. A water detective sensor is used to sense the arrival of municipal water .

G. Relay
Relay is an electrically operated switch. Relay controls a circuit by using a low power signal. The
relays are used to control the valve and the motor. The relay used is Single Pole Double Throw
configuration which has three contacts such as Normal Open, Common and Normal Close.
BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

To mobile
phone

GSM
LCD Display Modem

Power PIC
Supply Microcontroller
Municipal
water in HS
Pipe
HS
Sensor
Overhead
Valve Tank
Lower
Tank
LS
LS- Low Level Sensor
Motor LS
HS- High Level Sensor
Pipe

Fig: Block diagram of water level monitoring and control using smart phone

In this project, there are two modes: Automatic and Manual mode. According to our convenience,
mode can be selected using smart phone. When the municipal water enters, it is sensed by the sensor
which immediately sends the message to the mobile through microcontroller and the valve gets
opened. Only when the water reaches the high level in the lower tank and the water in the overhead
tank is high, the valve gets closed. The sensor in the overhead tank senses the level of water. Motor
gets ON when the water is in high level in the lower tank and low level in the overhead tank. Motor
gets OFF when the water is in 1. Low level in lower tank and high level in overhead tank. 2. Low
level in both lower and overhead tank. The motor and the valve are controlled through the mobile
phone.

PIN DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

Fig:Pin diagram of PIC16F877A

PIC16F877A Microcontroller has 5 basic input/output ports. They are PORT A, PORT B, PORT C,
PORT D and PORT E. TRIS A is used to set the direction of PORT A. TRIS B is used to set the
direction of PORT B and so on. If we want to set PORT A as an input, just set TRIS A bit to logical
‘1’ and want to set PORT B as an output
PIN NUMBER FUNCTION TYPE
PORTA
ADC signals Input
(RA0,RA1)
PORTB (RB0-RB6) Sensors connected Input
LCD command lines
PORTC(RC0-RC2) Output
connected
LCD data lines
PORTD(RD0-RD7) Output
connected
Valve and motor relay
PORTC (RC3-RC5) Output
connected
Power Supply
Pin 32, 11 Input
connected
Pin 31, 12 Ground -

Flow Chart

Fig.4. Flow Chart

Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Check whether the municipal water is arrived or not.
Step 3: If the municipal water is arrived and the lower tank is empty, the valve gets open. Otherwise
the valve remains closed.
Step4: If the water reaches high level in the lower tank and if the overhead tank is empty, the motor
gets ON.
Step 5: If the overhead tank is full, the motor gets OFF.
Step 6: Return to step 2

5.CONCLUSION
The water level monitoring and control using smart phone was successfully designed and can be
implemented to monitor the water level and control using smart phone. The program is written in
Embedded C language and compiled using MikroC compiler. This system is designed as user friendly
software which provides the detail information to the authorized person for immediate action. This
system is used to properly monitor and control the municipal water using smart phone.

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